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O'Hare International Airport
Airport serving Chicago, Illinois, United States

Chicago O'Hare International Airport (IATA: ORD) is the main airport serving Chicago, located 17 miles northwest of the Loop business district. Operated by the Chicago Department of Aviation, it covers 7,627 acres and offers non-stop flights to 249 destinations worldwide. Named after aviator Edward "Butch" O'Hare, the airport pioneered innovations like jet bridges and direct highway access. Once the world's busiest airport from 1963 to 1998, O'Hare remains a major hub for American Airlines and United Airlines. Ground transport includes the Chicago “L” and Interstate 190, linking the airport directly to the city.

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History

Establishment and defense efforts

See also: Illinois World War II Army Airfields

Soon after the opening of Chicago Municipal Airport in 1926, the City of Chicago realized more airport capacity would be needed. The city government investigated various sites in the 1930s but made little progress before America's entry into World War II.18

O'Hare began as a manufacturing plant for Douglas C-54 Skymasters during World War II. The site was originally known as Orchard Place, which was previously a small German-American farming community. The 2 million square feet (190,000 m2) plant, in the northeast corner of what is now the airport, needed easy access to the workforce of Chicago—the nation's second-largest city at the time, as well as needing railroads and location far from enemy threat. 655 C-54s were built at the plant, more than half of all produced. The airfield, from which the C-54s flew out, was known as Douglas Airport; initially, it had four 5,500-foot (1,700 m) runways.19 This was also the location of the Army Air Force's 803rd Specialized Depot,20 a unit charged with storing many captured enemy aircraft; a few representatives of this collection would eventually be transferred to the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum.2122

Douglas Company's contract ended with the war's conclusion. Douglas considered building airliners at Orchard but chose to concentrate civil production at its headquarters in Santa Monica, California.23 With the departure of Douglas, the complex took the name Orchard Field Airport, and was assigned the IATA code ORD.24

The United States Air Force used the field extensively during the Korean War; the airport then had no scheduled airline service. Although not its primary base in the area, the Air Force used O'Hare as a fighter base; it was home to the 62nd Fighter-Interceptor Squadron flying North American F-86 Sabres from 1950 to 1959.25 By 1960, the need for O'Hare as an active duty fighter base was diminishing, just as commercial business was picking up at the airport. The Air Force removed active-duty units from O'Hare and turned the station over to Continental Air Command, enabling them to base reserve and Air National Guard units there.26 As a result of a 1993 agreement between the City and the Department of Defense, the reserve base was closed on April 1, 1997, ending its career as the home of the 928th Airlift Wing and of the 126th Air Refueling Wing in 1999. At that time, the remaining 357-acre (144 ha) site came under the ownership of the Chicago Department of Aviation.27

Early commercial development

In 1945, Chicago mayor Edward Kelly established a board to choose the site of a new airport to meet future demand. After considering various proposals, the board decided upon the Orchard Field site and acquired most of the federal government property in March 1946. The military retained a small parcel of property on the site and the right to use 25% of the airfield's operating capacity for free.28

Ralph H. Burke devised an airport master plan based on the pioneering idea of what he called "split finger terminals", allowing a terminal building to be attached to "airline wings" (concourses), each providing space for gates and planes. (Pre-war airport designs had favored ever-larger single terminals, exemplified by Berlin's Tempelhof.) Burke's design also included underground refueling, direct highway access to the front of terminals, and direct rail access from downtown, all of which are utilized at airports worldwide today.29 O'Hare was the site of the world's first jet bridge in 1958,3031 and successfully adapted slip form paving, developed for the nation's new Interstate highway system, for seamless concrete runways.

In 1949, the City renamed the facility O'Hare Airport to honor Edward "Butch" O'Hare, the U.S. Navy's first flying ace and Medal of Honor recipient in World War II.32 However, its IATA code (ORD) remained unchanged, resulting in O'Hare being one of the few IATA codes bearing no connection to the airport's name or metropolitan area.33

Arrival of passenger service and subsequent growth

Scheduled passenger service began in 1955,34 but growth was slow at first. Although Chicago had invested over $25 million in O'Hare, Midway remained the world's busiest airport and airlines were reluctant to move until highway access and other improvements were completed.35 The April 1957 Official Airline Guide listed 36 weekday departures from O'Hare, while Midway had 414. Improvements began to attract the airlines: O'Hare's first international terminal opened in August 1958, and by April 1959 the airport had expanded to 7,200 acres (2,900 ha) with new hangars, terminals, parking and other facilities. The expressway link to downtown Chicago, now known as the Kennedy Expressway, was completed in 1960.36 New Terminals 2 and 3, designed by C. F. Murphy and Associates, opened on January 1, 1962.37

The biggest factor driving airlines to relocate their operations from Midway to O'Hare was the jet airliner; the first scheduled jet at O'Hare was an American 707 from New York to Chicago to San Francisco on March 22, 1959.38 One-mile-square (2.6-kilometer-square) Midway had no space for the runways that 707s and DC-8s required. Airlines had been reluctant to move to O'Hare, but they naturally did not want to split their operations: in July 1962, the last fixed-wing scheduled airline flight in Chicago moved from Midway to O'Hare. Until United returned in July 1964, Midway's only scheduled airline was Chicago Helicopter Airways. The arrival of Midway's traffic quickly made O'Hare the world's busiest airport, serving 10 million passengers annually. Within two years, that number would double, with Chicagoans boasting that more people passed through O'Hare in 12 months than Ellis Island had processed in its entire existence. O'Hare remained the world's busiest airport until it was eclipsed by Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport in 1998.

O'Hare had four runways in 1955;39 8,000 foot (2,400 m) runway 14R/32L opened in 1956 and was extended to 11,600 feet (3,500 m) a few years later, allowing nonstops to Europe. Runway 9R/27L (now 10L/28R) opened in 1968 and runway 4R/22L in 1971.

Post-deregulation developments

In the 1980s, after passage of US airline deregulation, the first major change at O'Hare occurred when TWA left Chicago for St. Louis as its main mid-continent hub.40 Although TWA had a large hangar complex at O'Hare and had started Constellation nonstops to Paris in 1958, by the time of deregulation its operation was losing $25 million a year under competition from United and American.41 Northwest likewise ceded O'Hare to the competition and shifted to a Minneapolis/St. Paul and Detroit-centered network by the early 1990s after acquiring Republic Airlines in 1986.42 Delta maintained an O'Hare hub for some time, even commissioning a new Concourse L in 1983.43 Ultimately, Delta found competing from an inferior position at O'Hare too expensive and closed its Chicago hub in the 1990s, concentrating its upper Midwest operations at Cincinnati.

The dominant hubs established at O'Hare in the 1980s by United and American continue to operate today. United developed a new two-concourse Terminal 1 (dubbed "The Terminal for Tomorrow"), designed by Helmut Jahn. It was built between 1985 and 1987 on the site of the original Terminal 1; the structure, which includes 50 gates, is best known for its curved glass forms and the connecting underground tunnel between Concourses B and C.44 The tunnel is illuminated with a neon installation titled Sky's the Limit (1987) by Canadian artist Michael Hayden, which plays an airy, slow-tempo version of Rhapsody in Blue.45 American renovated and expanded its existing facilities in Terminal 3 from 1987 to 1990; those renovations feature a flag-lined entrance hall to Concourses H/K.46

The demolition of the original Terminal 1 in 1984 to make way for Jahn's design forced a "temporary" relocation of international flights into facilities called "Terminal 4" on the ground floor of the airport's central parking garage. International passengers were then transferred by bus to and from their aircraft. Relocation finally ended with the completion of the 21-gate International Terminal in 1993 (now called Terminal 5); it contains all customs facilities. Its location, on the site of the original cargo area and east of the terminal core, necessitated the construction of a peoplemover, which connected the terminal core with the new terminal as well as remote rental and parking lots.47

Following deregulation and the buildup of the American and United hubs, O'Hare faced increasing delays from the late 1980s onward due to its inefficient runway layout; the airfield had remained unchanged since the addition of its last new runway (4R/22L) in 1971.48 O'Hare's three pairs of angled runways were meant to allow takeoffs into the wind, but they came at a cost: the various intersecting runways were both dangerous and inefficient. Official reports at the end of the 1990s ranked O'Hare as one of the worst-performing airports in the United States based on the percentage of delayed flights.49 In 2001, the Chicago Department of Aviation committed to an O'Hare Modernization Plan (OMP). Initially estimated at $6.6 billion, the OMP was to be paid by bonds issued against the increase in the federal passenger facility charge enacted that year and federal airport improvement funds.50 The modernization plan was approved by the FAA in October 2005 and involved a complete reconfiguration of the airfield. The OMP included the construction of four new runways, lengthening two existing runways, and decommissioning three old runways to provide O'Hare with six parallel runways and two crosswind runways.51

The OMP was the subject of legal battles, both with suburbs who feared the new layout's noise implications as well as with survivors of persons interred in a cemetery the city proposed to relocate; some of the cases were not resolved until 2011.52 These issues, plus the reduction in traffic as a result of the Great Recession, delayed the OMP's completion; construction of the sixth and final parallel runway (9C/27C) began in 2016.53 Its completion in 2020, along with an extension of runway 9R/27L completed in 2021, concluded the OMP.54

Expansion

In 2018, the city and airlines committed to Phase I of a new Terminal Area Plan dubbed O'Hare 21. The plan calls for two all-new satellite concourses to the southwest of Concourse C, and to expand Terminals 2 and 5 with additional gates, lounges, and updates to operations all over the airport. (Terminal 5 has ten new gates in addition to its newly expanded facilities, plus two additional gates to each accommodate an Airbus A380.)55 The expansion will enable same-terminal transfers between international and domestic flights, faster connections, improved facilities and technology for TSA and customs inspections and much larger landside amenities such as shopping and restaurants. A principal feature of the plan is the reorganization of the terminal core into an "alliance hub," the first in North America; airside connections and layout will be optimized around airline alliances. This will be made possible by the construction of the O'Hare Global Terminal (OGT) where Terminal 2 currently stands. The OGT and two new satellite concourses will allow for expansion for both American's and United's international operations as well as easy interchange with their respective Oneworld (American) and Star Alliance (United) partner carriers, eliminating the need to transfer to Terminal 5.

The project will add over 3 million square feet (280,000 m2) to the airport's terminals, add a new customs processing center in the OGT, reconstruct gates and concourses (new concourses will be a minimum of 150 feet (46 m) wide), increase the gate count from 185 to 235, and provide 25% more ramp space at every gate throughout the airport to accommodate larger aircraft.56 After an international design competition that featured public voting on five final architectural proposals, the Studio ORD group, led by architect Jeanne Gang (in collaboration with SCB, Corgan, Milhouse, and STL Architect), was selected to design the OGT,5758 while Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP will design Satellites 1 and 2.59 By terms of the agreement, total costs of $8.5 billion for the project are to be borne by bonds issued by the city, which will be retired by airport usage fees paid by airlines. O'Hare 21 is scheduled for completion of the two satellite terminals in 2028, and overall completion in 2030.6061[needs update]

By November 2023, the project's cost had ballooned far over budget, leading both American Airlines and United Airlines to call for the global terminal project to be cancelled or scaled back.62 On May 3, 2024, American Airlines and United Airlines were able to reach an agreement with the City of Chicago to allow the project to continue. In the agreement, the replacement of Terminal 2 would be accelerated, while the addition of Satellite 2 concourse would be delayed. The replacement of Terminal 2 with the OGT was deemed more critical to complete first instead of the Satellite 2 concourse.6364 The design of Satellite 1 concourse was presented to the public on May 29, 2024, it was planned to complete Satellite 1 concourse by 2028.65

Facilities

Terminals

O'Hare has four numbered passenger terminals with nine lettered concourses and a total of 215 gates—the most of any airport in the world.66

Terminals 1–3 are connected airside via a walkway.74 Terminal 5 is separated from the others by taxiways and does not have a walkway between it and Terminals 1–3; passengers transferring between Terminal 5 and the others can only do so landside via a shuttle bus or the Airport Transit System, requiring rescreening at security, or via an airside shuttle bus that runs between Terminal 5 and Terminals 1 and 3 every 15 minutes from 11:30 am to 9:30 pm.75

Runways

O'Hare has two sets of parallel runways, one on either side of the terminal complex. Each airfield has three parallel east–west runways (9L/27R, 9C/27C, and 9R/27L on the north side; 10L/28R, 10C/28C, and 10R/28L on the south side) and a crosswind runway oriented northeast–southwest (4L/22R on the north, 4R/22L on the south). The north crosswind runway, 4L/22R, sees limited usage due to intersecting 9R/27L and 9C/27C;76 however, runway 22L is often used for takeoffs during what is called "west flow" on the main runways. The airfield is managed by three FAA air traffic control towers. O'Hare has a voluntary nighttime (22:00–07:00) noise abatement program.77

In 2015, runway 32R/14L was permanently closed after 72 years of service, in favor of the new runway 10R/28L. In 2019, runway 32L/14R was also closed.78

Currently, O'Hare has the most runways of any civilian airport in the world, totaling eight.79

Hotel

The Hilton Chicago O'Hare is between the terminal core and parking garage and is currently the only hotel on airport property. It is owned by the Chicago Department of Aviation and operated under an agreement with Hilton Hotels, who extended their agreement with the city by ten years in 2018.80

Ground transportation

The Airport Transit System shuttles passengers between the terminal core (Terminals 1–3), Terminal 5, and the O'Hare Multi-Modal Facility (MMF).81 The system, which re-opened on November 3, 2021, resumed round-the-clock service starting at 5 a.m. on Monday, April 18, 2022,82 after a nearly six-year renovation.83 Meanwhile, free shuttle buses also continue to run 24/7 and contribute to congestion, boarding on the upper (departures) level of all terminals. The Bus Shuttle center, located on the ground level of the parking garage between Terminals 1–3 and directly opposite the Hilton Hotel, provides a temporary boarding location for local hotel shuttles and regional public transport buses.84 The O'Hare Multi-Modal Facility is the home of all on-airport car rental firms as well as some extended parking.85 In addition, the Chicago-area commuter rail system, Metra, has a transfer station of its North Central Service (NCS) located at the northeast corner of the MMF; however, the NCS currently operates an occasional schedule on weekdays only.86

The CTA Blue Line's north terminus is at O'Hare  and provides direct service to downtown via the Milwaukee–Dearborn subway in the Loop and continuing to west suburban Forest Park. Trains depart at intervals ranging from every four to thirty minutes, 24 hours a day.87 The station is located on the lower level of the parking garage, and can be accessed directly from Terminals 1–3 via tunnel and from Terminal 5 via shuttle bus.

Pace, Peoria Charter, Van Galder Bus Company, and Wisconsin Coach Lines operate bus service to O'Hare, stopping at the MMF.

O'Hare is directly served by Interstate 190, which offers interchanges with Mannheim Road (U.S. 12 and 45), the Tri-State Tollway (Interstate 294), and Interstate 90. I-90 continues as the Kennedy Expressway into downtown Chicago and becomes the Jane Addams Memorial Tollway northwest to Rockford and the Wisconsin state line.

Cargo facilities

There are presently two main cargo areas at O'Hare. The South Cargo Area was relocated in the 1980s from the airport's first air cargo facilities, located east of the terminal core, where Terminal 5 now stands. Many of the structures in this new cargo area then had to be rebuilt, again, to allow for the OMP and specifically runway 10R/28L; as a result, what is now called the South Cargo Area is located between 10R/28L and 10C/28C. This large collection of facilities, in three sections (Southwest, South Central, and Southeast), was established mainly by traditional airline-based air cargo; Air France Cargo, American, JAL Cargo, KLM, Lufthansa Cargo, Northwest and United all built purpose-built, freestanding cargo facilities,88 although some of these are now leased out to dedicated cargo firms. In addition, the area contains two separate facilities for shipper FedEx and one for UPS.89

The Northeast Cargo Area (NEC) is a conversion of the former military base (the Douglas plant area) at the northeast corner of the airport property. It is a new facility designed to increase O'Hare's cargo capacity by 50%. Two buildings currently make up the NEC: a 540,000 square feet (50,000 m2) building completed in 2016,90 and a 240,000 square feet (22,000 m2) building that was completed in 2017.91 A third structure will complete the NEC with another 150,000 square feet (14,000 m2) of warehouse space.92

The current capability of the cargo areas provide 2 million square feet (190,000 m2) of airside cargo space with parking for 40 wide-body freighters matched with over 2 million square feet (190,000 m2) of landside warehousing capability. O'Hare shipped over 1,700,000 tonnes (1,900,000 short tons) in 2018, fifth among airports in the U.S.93

Other facilities

In 2011, O'Hare became the first major airport to build an apiary on its property; every summer, it hosts as many as 75 hives and a million bees. The bees are maintained by 30 to 40 ex-offenders with little to no work experience and few marketable skills; they are primarily recruited from Chicago's North Lawndale neighborhood. They are taught beekeeping but also benefit from the bees' labor, turning it into bottled fresh honey, soaps, lip balms, candles and moisturizers marketed under the beelove product line.9495 More than 500 persons have completed the program, transferring to jobs in manufacturing, food processing, customer service, and hospitality; the repeat-offender rate is reported to be less than 10%.96

The CDA's Airport Airfield Operations section is based out of the 150 ft (50 m) tall prototype tower architect I.M. Pei designed for the FAA in the 1960s-1970s.

Resthaven Cemetery, which predates the airport, is situated across from the FedEx facility. Over 300 people are interred at Resthaven, which was allowed to remain on the airport grounds post-OMP while another cemetery, St. Johannes, had to be relocated.97

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

AirlinesDestinationsRefs
Aer Lingus Dublin 98
Aeroméxico Guadalajara, Mexico City 99
Air Canada Montréal–Trudeau, Toronto–Pearson, Vancouver 100
Air Canada Express Montréal–Trudeau, Toronto–Pearson 101
Air France Paris–Charles de Gaulle 102
Air India Delhi 103
Air Serbia Belgrade 104
Alaska Airlines Anchorage, Portland (OR), San Diego (begins October 4, 2025),105 San Francisco (ends August 20, 2025),106 Seattle/Tacoma 107108
All Nippon Airways Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita 109
American Airlines Albuquerque, Atlanta, Austin, Boston, Cancún, Charlotte, Cleveland, Dallas/Fort Worth, Denver, Des Moines, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Grand Rapids, Hartford, Honolulu (resumes October 26, 2025),110 Houston–Intercontinental, Indianapolis, Kansas City, Las Vegas, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Miami, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Montego Bay, New Orleans, New York–JFK, New York–LaGuardia, Newark, Orange County (CA), Orlando, Philadelphia, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Punta Cana, Raleigh/Durham, Sacramento, St. Louis, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, San José del Cabo, San Juan, Seattle/Tacoma, Spokane,111 Tampa, Tucson, Washington–National, West Palm BeachSeasonal: Anchorage,112 Aruba, Athens,113 Baltimore, Barcelona,114 Boise (begins August 6, 2025),115 Bozeman, Buffalo, Calgary, Charleston (SC), Cincinnati (begins August 6, 2025),116 Cozumel, Curaçao (begins December 6, 2025),117 Destin/Fort Walton Beach, Detroit, Dublin,118 Eagle/Vail, Glacier Park/Kalispell, Grand Cayman, Guatemala City (resumes November 6, 2025),119 Jackson Hole, Jacksonville (FL), Liberia (CR), Madrid,120 Memphis (begins August 14, 2025),121 Naples,122 Nashville, Nassau, Omaha, Palm Springs, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Pittsburgh, Portland (OR), Providence, Providenciales, Puerto Vallarta, Rome–Fiumicino, St. Croix (begins December 6, 2025),123 St. Maarten (begins November 8, 2025),124 St. Thomas, San José (CR) (resumes November 2, 2025),125 Sarasota, Savannah, Vancouver 126
American Eagle Akron/Canton (begins October 6, 2025),127 Albany, Appleton, Asheville, Aspen, Atlanta, Austin, Baltimore, Bangor, Birmingham (AL), Bismarck,128 Bloomington/Normal, Boise,129 Boston, Buffalo, Cedar Rapids/Iowa City, Champaign, Charleston (SC), Chattanooga (resumes October 6, 2025),130 Cincinnati, Cleveland, Colorado Springs,131 Columbia (MO), Columbus–Glenn, Dayton, Des Moines, Detroit, El Paso, Evansville,132 Fargo, Fayetteville/Bentonville, Flint, Fort Wayne, Grand Rapids, Green Bay, Greensboro, Greenville/Spartanburg, Harrisburg, Hartford, Huntsville, Indianapolis, Jacksonville (FL), Kalamazoo, Kansas City, Knoxville, La Crosse, Lansing, Lexington, Little Rock, Louisville, Madison, Manhattan (KS), Marquette, Memphis, Milwaukee, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Moline/Quad Cities, Nashville, New Orleans, Newark, Norfolk, Oklahoma City, Omaha, Peoria, Pittsburgh, Providence, Raleigh/Durham, Rapid City, Richmond, Roanoke (begins August 6, 2025),133 Rochester (MN), Rochester (NY), St. Louis, Salt Lake City, Sioux Falls, Springfield (IL), Springfield/Branson, Syracuse, Toronto–Pearson, Traverse City, Tulsa, Waterloo (IA), Wausau, White Plains, Wichita, Wilkes-Barre/ScrantonSeasonal: Albuquerque, Billings, Bozeman, Burlington (VT), Calgary, Dallas/Fort Worth, Halifax,134 Hayden/Steamboat Springs,135 Hilton Head, Houston–Intercontinental, Hyannis,136 Idaho Falls (begins August 6, 2025),137 Key West, Manchester (NH), Martha's Vineyard, Missoula,138 Montréal–Trudeau, Myrtle Beach, Nantucket, Panama City (FL), Pensacola, Portland (ME), Quebec City, Santa Fe (begins December 18, 2025),139 Sun Valley (begins December 18, 2025),140Wilmington (NC) 141
Arajet Punta Cana (begins November 15, 2025)142 143
Austrian Airlines Vienna 144
Avelo Airlines Seasonal: New Haven145 146
Avianca Bogotá 147
Avianca Costa Rica Seasonal: Guatemala City, San José (CR)148 149
Avianca El Salvador Seasonal: San Salvador150 151
British Airways London–Heathrow 152
Cathay Pacific Hong Kong153 154
Contour Airlines Burlington (IA) (begins July 1, 2025),155 Cape Girardeau,156 Fort Leonard Wood,157 Kirksville, Manistee,158 Marion, Owensboro Seasonal: Lewisburg (WV)159 160
Copa Airlines Panama City–Tocumen 161
Delta Air Lines Atlanta, Boston, Detroit, Minneapolis/St. Paul, New York–LaGuardia, Salt Lake City, Seattle/Tacoma 162
Delta Connection New York–JFK, New York–LaGuardia 163
Denver Air Connection Dubuque,164 Ironwood, Jackson (TN),165 Muskegon,166 Watertown (SD) (ends August 1, 2025)167 168
Emirates Dubai–International 169
Ethiopian Airlines Addis Ababa 170
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi 171
EVA Air Taipei–Taoyuan 172
Finnair Seasonal: Helsinki173 174
Frontier Airlines Atlanta, Austin,175 Cancún, Charlotte,176 Dallas/Fort Worth,177 Denver,178 Fort Myers,179 Houston–Intercontinental,180 Las Vegas,181 Los Angeles,182 Nashville,183 Orlando, Philadelphia,184 Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Punta Cana, Salt Lake City,185 San Diego,186 Sarasota,187 Tampa,188 West Palm Beach189 Seasonal: Baltimore (begins July 7, 2025)190 191
Iberia Madrid 192
Icelandair Reykjavík–Keflavík 193
ITA Airways Seasonal: Rome–Fiumicino194 195
Japan Airlines Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita196 197
JetBlue Boston, New York–JFK 198
KLM Amsterdam 199
Korean Air Seoul–Incheon 200
LOT Polish Airlines Kraków, Warsaw–Chopin 201
Lufthansa Frankfurt, Munich 202
Qatar Airways Doha 203
Royal Jordanian Amman–Queen Alia 204
Scandinavian Airlines Copenhagen 205
Southern Airways Express Burlington (IA) (ends June 30, 2025),206 Quincy, West Lafayette207 208
Southwest Airlines Austin, Baltimore, Cancún, Dallas–Love, Denver, Las Vegas, Nashville, Orlando, Phoenix–Sky Harbor 209
Spirit Airlines Baltimore,210 Cancún, Dallas/Fort Worth, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Houston–Intercontinental, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Miami, Nashville,211 New Orleans, New York–LaGuardia, Newark,212 Orlando, San Juan, TampaSeasonal: Myrtle Beach, Phoenix–Sky Harbor 213
Sun Country Airlines Minneapolis/St. Paul 214
Swiss International Air Lines Zurich 215
TAP Air Portugal Lisbon 216
Turkish Airlines Istanbul 217
United Airlines Albany, Albuquerque, Amsterdam, Aruba, Atlanta, Austin, Baltimore, Boston, Bozeman, Brussels, Buffalo, Burlington (VT), Calgary, Cancún, Cedar Rapids/Iowa City, Charleston (SC), Charlotte, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus–Glenn, Dallas/Fort Worth, Denver, Des Moines, Detroit, Dublin,218 Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Frankfurt, Grand Rapids, Guatemala City, Harrisburg, Hartford, Honolulu, Houston–Intercontinental, Jacksonville (FL), Kahului, Kansas City, Las Vegas, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Madison, Memphis, Mexico City, Miami, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Montego Bay, Munich, Nashville, New Orleans, New York–LaGuardia, Newark, Norfolk, Omaha, Ontario,219 Orange County (CA), Orlando, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Pensacola, Philadelphia, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Pittsburgh, Portland (ME), Portland (OR), Puerto Vallarta, Punta Cana, Raleigh/Durham, Reno/Tahoe, Richmond, Rochester (NY), Sacramento, St. Louis, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose (CA), San José del Cabo, San Juan, São Paulo–Guarulhos, Sarasota, Savannah, Seattle/Tacoma, Sioux Falls, Syracuse, Tampa, Tel Aviv (suspended), Tokyo–Haneda, Toronto–Pearson, Traverse City, Vancouver, Washington–Dulles, Washington–National, WichitaSeasonal: Anchorage, Athens,220 Barcelona,221 Belize City, Boise, Colorado Springs, Cozumel, Dayton (begins September 25, 2025),222 Eagle/Vail, Edinburgh, Edmonton,223 Fairbanks, Fresno, Glacier Park/Kalispell, Grand Cayman, Green Bay (begins September 26, 2025),224 Greenville/Spartanburg, Hayden/Steamboat Springs, Indianapolis, Ixtapa/Zihuatanejo, Jackson Hole, Kailua-Kona, Key West, Knoxville, Liberia (CR), Milan–Malpensa,225 Missoula, Montréal–Trudeau,226 Montrose, Myrtle Beach, Nassau, Palm Springs, Panama City (FL), Providence, Providenciales, Rapid City, Reykjavík–Keflavík,227 Rome–Fiumicino,228 St. Lucia–Hewanorra, St. Maarten, St. Thomas, San José (CR), Shannon,229 Tucson, West Palm Beach, Zurich230 231
United Express Akron/Canton, Albany, Allentown, Appleton, Asheville, Billings,232 Birmingham (AL), Boise, Buffalo, Cedar Rapids/Iowa City, Charleston (SC), Charleston (WV), Charlottesville (VA), Chattanooga, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Colorado Springs, Columbia (MO) (resumes September 25, 2025),233 Columbia (SC), Columbus–Glenn, Dayton, Decatur, Des Moines, Detroit, Duluth, Eau Claire,234235 El Paso, Fargo, Fayetteville/Bentonville, Flint, Fort Dodge, Fort Wayne, Grand Rapids, Green Bay, Greensboro, Greenville/Spartanburg, Gunnison/Crested Butte,236 Harrisburg, Houghton, Huntsville, Indianapolis, Johnstown (PA), Joplin, Kansas City, Knoxville, Lexington, Lincoln, Little Rock, Louisville, Madison, Mason City, Memphis, Milwaukee, Moline/Quad Cities, Monterrey, Montréal–Trudeau, Morgantown (WV),237 Nashville, New Orleans, Oklahoma City, Omaha, Ottawa, Peoria, Pittsburgh, Portland (ME), Providence, Richmond, Roanoke, Rochester (NY), Saginaw, St. Louis, Salina, Savannah, Sioux City, Sioux Falls, South Bend, Springfield/Branson, State College, Syracuse, Toronto–Pearson, Traverse City, Tucson, Tulsa, Watertown (SD) (begins August 1, 2025),238 West Lafayette (begins August 5, 2025),239 Wichita, Wilkes-Barre/Scranton, Winnipeg240 Seasonal: Albuquerque, Aspen, Bangor, Bozeman, Burlington (VT), Glacier Park/Kalispell, Great Falls, Halifax,241 Harlingen,242 Hartford, Hayden/Steamboat Springs, Hilton Head, Jacksonville (FL), Key West, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Montrose, Myrtle Beach, Nantucket, New York–LaGuardia, Norfolk, Panama City (FL), Pellston,243 Québec City,244 Raleigh/Durham, Rapid City, Rhinelander,245 Salt Lake City, San Antonio, Sault Ste. Marie (MI),246 Spokane, Sun Valley, Wilmington (NC)247 248
Viva Guadalajara, León/Del Bajío, Mexico City, Mexico City–AIFA (begins November 13, 2025),249 Monterrey, Morelia 250
Volaris Guadalajara, León/Del Bajío, Mexico City, Morelia, Querétaro
WestJet Seasonal: Calgary, Edmonton (begins June 28, 2025)251 252

Cargo

AirlinesDestinationsRefs
AeroLogic Frankfurt
AeroUnion Mexico City–AIFA
AirBridgeCargo Dallas/Fort Worth, Houston–Intercontinental, Luxembourg (all suspended) 253
Air Canada Cargo Toronto–Pearson 254
Air China Cargo Anchorage, Beijing–Capital, Frankfurt, New York–JFK, Shanghai–Pudong, Tianjin
Air France Cargo Dublin, Glasgow–Prestwick, New York–JFK, Paris–Charles de Gaulle
ANA Cargo Tokyo–Narita 255
Asiana Cargo Anchorage, Atlanta, New York–JFK, Seattle/Tacoma, Seoul–Incheon
ASL Airlines Belgium Liège
Atlas Air Amsterdam, Anchorage, Cincinnati, Dallas/Fort Worth, Frankfurt, Hong Kong, Honolulu, Los Angeles, Liège, Miami, Milan–Malpensa, New York–JFK, Seoul–Incheon, Stuttgart, Tokyo–Narita 256
Cargolux Anchorage, Atlanta, Dallas/Fort Worth, Hong Kong, Indianapolis, Kuala Lumpur–International, Los Angeles, Luxembourg, New York–JFK, Singapore, Zhengzhou
Cathay Cargo Anchorage, Hong Kong, New York–JFK, Portland (OR)
China Airlines Cargo Anchorage, Houston–Intercontinental, Nagoya–Centrair, San Francisco, Seattle/Tacoma, Taipei–Taoyuan
China Cargo Airlines Anchorage, Atlanta, Dallas/Fort Worth, Shanghai–Pudong
China Southern Cargo Guangzhou, Shanghai–Pudong 257
DHL Aviation Anchorage, Calgary, Cincinnati, Newark, New York–JFK
Emirates SkyCargo Copenhagen, Dubai–Al Maktoum, Maastricht/Aachen, Miami 258
Etihad Cargo Frankfurt 259
EVA Air Cargo Anchorage, Dallas/Fort Worth, Taipei–Taoyuan
FedEx Express Appleton, Fort Worth/Alliance, Greensboro, Indianapolis, Los Angeles, Memphis, Milwaukee, Newark, Oakland, Omaha, Pittsburgh, Portland (OR), Seattle/Tacoma
Korean Air Cargo Anchorage, Halifax, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle/Tacoma, Seoul–Incheon, Toronto–Pearson
LATAM Cargo Chile Campinas 260
LOT Polish Airlines Warsaw–Chopin
Lufthansa Cargo Anchorage, Atlanta, Frankfurt, Guadalajara, Los Angeles, Manchester (UK), Mexico City–AIFA, New York–JFK 261
Martinair Oslo
MSC Air Cargo Indianapolis, Liège 262
Nippon Cargo Airlines Anchorage, Dallas/Fort Worth, Edmonton, Los Angeles, New York–JFK 263264
Qantas Freight Anchorage, Auckland, Chongqing, Honolulu, Los Angeles, Melbourne, Sydney 265266267268
Qatar Airways Cargo Amsterdam, Brussels, Doha, Los Angeles, Milan–Malpensa, Ostend/Bruges,269 Singapore 270271272273
Silk Way Airlines Baku 274
Singapore Airlines Cargo Anchorage, Atlanta, Brussels, Dallas/Fort Worth, Los Angeles, Seattle/Tacoma 275
Suparna Airlines Anchorage, Shanghai–Pudong
Turkish Cargo Istanbul, Maastricht/Aachen, Shannon, Toronto–Pearson 276277
UPS Airlines Cologne/Bonn, Columbus–Rickenbacker, Dallas/Fort Worth, Louisville, Miami, Philadelphia, Portland (OR)

Statistics

Top destinations

Busiest domestic routes from ORD (January 2024 – December 2024)278
RankAirportPassengersCarriers
1 New York–LaGuardia, New York1,315,000American, Delta, Spirit, United
2 Los Angeles, California1,171,000American, Spirit, United
3 Denver, Colorado1,046,000American, Frontier, Southwest, United
4 Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas953,000American, Frontier, Spirit, United
5 San Francisco, California932,000Alaska, American, United
6 Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Arizona898,000American, Frontier, Southwest, Spirit, United
7 Newark, New Jersey852,000American, Spirit, United
8 Boston, Massachusetts845,000American, Delta, JetBlue, United
9 Orlando, Florida813,000American, Frontier, Southwest, Spirit, United
10 Las Vegas, Nevada812,000American, Frontier, Southwest, Spirit, United
Busiest international routes from ORD (October 2022 – September 2023)279
RankAirportPassengersCarriers
1 London–Heathrow, United Kingdom1,008,885American, British Airways, United
2 Cancún, Mexico862,563American, Frontier, Southwest, Spirit, United
3 Toronto–Pearson, Canada704,364Air Canada, American, United,
4 Mexico City, Mexico667,260Aeroméxico, United, Viva Aerobus, Volaris
5 Frankfurt, Germany586,239Lufthansa, United
6 Paris–Charles de Gaulle, France438,682Air France, American, United
7 Dublin, Ireland411,649Aer Lingus, American, United
8 Tokyo–Haneda, Japan396,394ANA, Japan Airlines, United
9 Istanbul, Turkey386,478Turkish
10 Munich, Germany378,187Lufthansa, United

Airline market share

Top airlines at ORD (February 2023 – January 2024)280
RankAirlinePassengersPercent of market share
1United Airlines23,788,00040.58%
2American Airlines13,342,00022.76%
3SkyWest Airlines5,447,0009.29%
4Envoy Air2,773,0004.73%
5Delta Air Lines2,538,0004.42%
Other10,479,00018.27%

Annual traffic

Annual passenger traffic at ORD airport. See Wikidata query. Traffic by calendar year281
YearPassenger volumeChange over previous yearAircraft operationsCargo tonnage
200072,144,24400.64%908,9891,640,524
200167,448,06406.51%911,9171,413,834
200266,565,95201.31%922,8171,436,386
200369,508,67204.40%928,6911,601,736
200475,533,82208.67%992,4271,685,808
200576,581,14601.38%972,2481,701,446
200676,282,21200.30%958,6431,718,011
200776,182,02500.15%926,9731,690,742
200870,819,01507.03%881,5661,480,847
200964,397,78209.07%827,8991,198,426
201067,026,19103.83%882,6171,577,048
201166,790,99600.35%878,7981,505,218
201266,834,93100.04%878,1081,443,569
201366,909,63800.12%883,2871,434,377
201470,075,20404.45%881,9331,578,330
201576,949,33609.81%875,1361,742,501
201677,960,58801.31%867,6351,726,362
201779,828,18302.40%867,0491,950,137
201883,339,18628204.40%903,7471,868,880
201984,649,11501.69%919,7041,788,001
202030,860,251063.54%538,2112,052,025
202154,020,399075.06%684,2012,536,576
202268,340,619026.50%711,5612,235,709
202373,894,22608.13%720,5821,906,463
202480,043,05008.56%776,0362,074,006

On-time performance (domestic major U.S. carriers only)

On-time performance by calendar year283
YearPercent of on-time flightsAverage delay (min)Percent ofcancelled flights
DeparturesArrivalsDeparturesArrivals
201779%81%69.4377.381.40%
201877%77%69.1577.912.14%
201975%75%73.6986.013.11%
202084%85%65.3678.366.18%
202181%82%70.4082.421.93%
202278%79%70.2680.292.75%

Major accidents and incidents

The following is a list of major crashes or incidents that occurred to planes at O'Hare, on approach, or just after takeoff from the airport:284

See also

References

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