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Paul Reubens
American actor and comedian (1952–2023)

Paul Reubens, born in Peekskill, New York, was an American actor and comedian best known for creating the iconic character Pee-wee Herman. Starting his career with the Groundlings troupe in Los Angeles, Reubens brought Pee-wee to fame through The Pee-wee Herman Show (1981) and the hit film Pee-wee's Big Adventure (1985), directed by Tim Burton. He starred in the popular CBS show Pee-wee's Playhouse, which won 15 Emmy Awards. Despite a 1991 arrest for indecent exposure, Reubens returned to acting with roles in Mystery Men and Blow before reprising Pee-wee in the Netflix film Pee-wee's Big Holiday (2016). Reubens died in July 2023 from cancer.

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Early life and education

Reubens was born Paul Rubenfeld in Peekskill, New York, on August 27, 1952,67 and grew up in a Jewish family, where his parents, Judy (née Rosen) and Milton Rubenfeld, owned a lamp store. His mother was a teacher. His father was an automobile salesperson who had flown for Britain's Royal Air Force and for the U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II, and later became one of the founding pilots of the Israeli Air Force during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. An Orthodox Jew, he was one of five Jewish pilots to fly against Arab forces in smuggled fighter planes.89

Reubens's two younger siblings are Luke (born 1958), who is a dog trainer,10 and Abby (born 1953),11 who is an attorney and a board member of the American Civil Liberties Union of Tennessee.121314

Reubens spent his early childhood in Oneonta, New York before moving with his parents to Sarasota, Florida at the age of nine. As a child, he frequented the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus, whose winter headquarters were in Sarasota. The circus atmosphere sparked Reubens's interest in entertainment and influenced his later work.1516 He also loved to watch reruns of I Love Lucy, which made him want to make people laugh.17 At age five, Reubens asked his father to build him a stage where he and his siblings would act out plays.18

Reubens attended Sarasota High School, where he was named president of the National Thespian Society. He was accepted into Northwestern University's summer program for gifted high-school students, joined the local Asolo Theater, Players of Sarasota Theater, and appeared in several plays.19

After high school graduation, he attended Plymouth State University for one semester.20 He then attended Boston University. When he began auditioning for acting schools, he was turned down by the Juilliard School and Carnegie Mellon University.21 Reubens was accepted at the California Institute of the Arts, where he graduated with a BFA in Theatre in 1973.22 As a student, Reubens was described by The New Yorker as "the wildest of a wild bunch".23 He acted in a student film in Cher-inspired mermaid drag and kissed all of his classmates at a Valentine's Day kissing booth. Some of his CalArts classmates included Katey Sagal, Michael Richards24 and David Hasselhoff, who was his roommate for a time.25 Sagal described Reubens as her "fantastically colorful best buddy" down the hall from her in the dorm, who would listen to her play music on the piano.26 She recalled that Reubens's dorm room was like a real-life Pee-wee's Playhouse. "He was the only one with a decorated dorm room, everyone else had posters with Scotch tape, and you'd go to his room and it was a party."27 After graduating, his early jobs in California included working in restaurant kitchens and as a Fuller Brush salesman.28

Career

1977–1979: Comedy beginnings

In the 1970s, Reubens began performing at local comedy clubs. Starting in 1977, he made 14 guest appearances on The Gong Show, four of which involved a boy–girl act he had developed with Charlotte McGinnis entitled The Hilarious Betty and Eddie.2930 During his stint on The Gong Show, Reubens introduced a Native American lounge-singer character named Jay Longtoe, decked out in sequined loincloth and feathered headdress.31 "This doesn't say much for the audience," Reubens explains in the documentary Pee-wee as Himself. "But the audience ate it up and went crazy. So I was like, Hey, I'm getting laughs...I had no clue it was like a billion percent—not even borderline racist—I mean, it was full-on racist. Until Pee-wee Herman came along, I thought that was my ticket. I thought I would be propelled to stardom as a Native American lounge singer. Thank God that wasn't the case."32

He soon joined the Los Angeles–based improvisational comedy team the Groundlings. He remained a troupe member for six years, working with Bob McClurg, Edie McClurg, John Paragon, Susan Barnes, and Phil Hartman. Hartman and Reubens became friends, and they often wrote and worked together on material.33 In 1980, Reubens had a small part as a waiter in The Blues Brothers.

The character of "Pee-wee Herman" originated during a 1978 improvisation exercise with the Groundlings, where Reubens came up with the idea of a man who wanted to be a comic but was so inept at telling jokes that it was obvious to the audience that he would never make it.34 Fellow Groundling Phil Hartman afterwards helped Reubens develop the character while another Groundling, John Paragon, helped write the show.3536 Despite being compared to other famous characters, such as Hergé's Tintin and Collodi's Pinocchio,3738 Reubens said that there was no specific source for "Pee-wee" other than a collection of ideas. Pee-wee's voice originated in 1970 when Reubens appeared in a production of Life with Father, where he was cast as one of the most obnoxious characters in the play. For this role, Reubens adopted a cartoon-like way of speaking, which became Pee-wee's voice.3940

Pee-wee's first name came from a one-inch Pee Wee brand harmonica Reubens had as a child, and the surname Herman was the last name of an energetic boy Reubens knew from his youth.4142 The original small, gray suit Pee-wee wore had been handmade for Groundlings Director and Founder Gary Austin, who passed it on to Reubens. The origin of the red tie is less clear, as Reubens claimed that "someone" handed him the "little kid bow tie" before a performance.4344

1981–1984: The Pee-wee Herman Show

Main article: The Pee-wee Herman Show

Reubens auditioned for the Saturday Night Live 1980–1981 season on the same day as comedian Gilbert Gottfried. Reubens told Entertainment Weekly hiring both was not an option because they were "the same type of performer", and he knew immediately Gottfried would get the job.45 He also told the San Francisco Chronicle he believed that "the fix was in" because Gottfried was friends with one of the producers. Reubens was so angry and bitter that he decided he would borrow money and start his own show in Los Angeles using the character he had been developing during the previous few years, "Pee-wee Herman".46

With the help of other Groundlings like John Paragon, Phil Hartman, and Lynne Marie Stewart, Pee-wee acquired a small group of followers, and Reubens took his show to the Roxy Theatre where The Pee-wee Herman Show ran for five sellout months. He performed midnight shows for adults and weekly matinees for children, later entering the mainstream when HBO aired The Pee-wee Herman Show in 1981 as part of their series On Location.47 Reubens also appeared as Pee-wee in the 1980 film Cheech & Chong's Next Movie.48 He again appeared in 1981's Cheech & Chong's Nice Dreams;49 the end credits of the film billed him as "Hamburger Dude". Reubens's act had mainly positive reactions and quickly acquired a group of fans, despite being described as "bizarre",50 and Reubens being described as "the weirdest comedian around".51 Pee-wee was both "corny" and "hip", "retrograde" and "avant-garde".52

When Pee-wee's fame started growing, Reubens started to move away from the spotlight, keeping his name under wraps and making all his public appearance and interviews in character while billing Pee-wee as playing himself; Reubens was trying to "get the public to think that that was a real person".5354 Later on he would even prefer his parents be known only as Honey Herman and Herman Herman.55 In the early and mid-1980s, Reubens made several guest appearances on Late Night with David Letterman as Pee-wee Herman which gave Pee-wee an even bigger following.56 During the mid-1980s, Reubens traveled the United States with a whole new The Pee-wee Herman Show, playing at the Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis, Caroline's in New York City and, in 1984, in front of a full Carnegie Hall.57

1985: Pee-wee's Big Adventure

Main article: Pee-wee's Big Adventure

The success of The Pee-wee Herman Show prompted Warner Bros. to hire Reubens to write a script for a full-length Pee-wee Herman film. Reubens's original idea was to do a remake of Pollyanna, which Reubens claimed was his favorite film. Halfway through writing the script, Reubens noticed everyone at Warner Bros. had a bike with them, which inspired Reubens to start on a new script with Phil Hartman.58 The studio had approved a director for the film but it was a choice that neither the producers (William E. McEuen and Richard Gilbert Abramson) or Reubens felt was appropriate for the project.59 Taking inspiration from Sylvester Stallone, who refused to cede creative control to studios, Reubens turned down Warner Bros.'s choice for the director, and the studio then told him to find someone "approvable, available, and affordable" within a week.60

Reubens had heard about Tim Burton at a party the same night that he had gotten permission from the studio to get an extension on his director search. "I screened 'Frankenweenie and I spoke to Shelley Duvall, who was a friend of mine who was in (the film)," Reubens explained. "I knew Tim was the director about 15 seconds into Frankenweenie, like the second or third shot of it. I was looking at the wallpaper in this bedroom and the lighting and just going, 'This is the guy who has style and understands art direction.' Those were two really important things for me and my baby, I guess, and you know it just happened to luckily all work out."61 The film tells the story of Pee-wee Herman embarking on nationwide adventure in search of his stolen bicycle. The film went on to gross $40,940,662 domestically, recouping almost six times its $7 million budget.62 At the time of release in 1985, the film received mixed reviews, but Pee-wee's Big Adventure developed into a cult film.63

1986–1991: Pee-wee's Playhouse

Main article: Pee-wee's Playhouse

After seeing the success of Pee-wee's Big Adventure, the CBS network approached Reubens with an ill-received cartoon series proposal.64 In 1986, CBS agreed to sign Reubens to act, produce, and direct his live-action children's program, Pee-wee's Playhouse, with a budget of $325,000 per episode, the same price as a prime-time sitcom,65 and no creative interference from CBS; although CBS did request a few minor changes throughout the years.66 After casting actors like Laurence Fishburne and S. Epatha Merkerson, production began in New York City.67 The opening credits of the show were sung by Cyndi Lauper (under the pseudonym Ellen Shaw). Playhouse was designed as an educational yet entertaining and artistic show for children and, despite being greatly influenced by 1950s shows Reubens watched as a child like The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, The Mickey Mouse Club, Captain Kangaroo, and Howdy Doody, it quickly acquired a dual audience of kids and grownups.686970 Reubens, always trying to make Pee-wee a positive role model, created a consciously moral show, one that would teach children the Golden Rule.71 Reubens believed that children liked Playhouse because it was fast-paced, colorful and "never talked down to them"; while parents liked Playhouse because it reminded them of the past.72

In 1986, Reubens (billed as Paul Mall) was the voice of the ship's computer in Flight of the Navigator. In 1987, Reubens provided the voice for the pilot droid RX-24 a.k.a. Captain "Rex" in Star Tours, a Star Wars-themed motion simulator attraction at Disneyland and Disney-MGM Studios at Walt Disney World, and Disneyland Paris.73 He also reprised the role of Pee-wee Herman in cameo appearances in the film Back to the Beach and TV show Sesame Street, the latter of which made a cameo in Playhouse.74

Right after the success of Pee-wee's Big Adventure, Reubens began working with Paramount Pictures on a sequel entitled Big Top Pee-wee. Reubens and George McGrath's script was directed by Grease director Randal Kleiser. The film was not as successful as its predecessor, receiving mild reviews and doing just over one third as well in the box office,7576 earning only $15 million.77

Pee-wee's Playhouse aired from September 13, 1986, until November 10, 1990. Reubens had originally agreed to do two more seasons after the third, and when CBS asked Reubens about the possibility of a sixth season he declined, wanting to take a sabbatical.78 Reubens had been suffering from burnout from playing Pee-wee full-time and had been warning that Pee-wee was temporary and that he had other ideas he would like to work on.79 The parties agreed to end the show after five seasons, which included 45 episodes and a Christmas Special.80 Playhouse garnered 22 Emmy Awards.81

1992–2002: Public retreat and comeback

After his 1991 arrest (see below), Reubens kept a low profile, dedicating himself to writing and collecting a variety of things, "everything from fake food, to lamps",82 although he did do some dubbing and took small parts in films such as 1992's Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Tim Burton's Batman Returns (Reubens portrayed the Penguin's father) and 1996's Matilda and Dunston Checks In. In 1993, he voiced the character Lock in another one of Burton's productions, The Nightmare Before Christmas.83 Pee-wee's Playhouse had already ended by the time Reubens was arrested. He cited an overworked crew and a decline in the show's quality in his decision against making a sixth season. The show's popularity and quantity of episodes had allowed for rerun broadcasts, but CBS canceled the reruns on July 29, 1991.84858687

During the mid-1990s, Reubens played a recurring role on the TV series Murphy Brown. The role earned him positive reviews and his only non-Pee-wee Emmy nomination, for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series. He appeared six times on the show between 1995 and 1997. Afterward, Reubens began working on an NBC pilot entitled Meet the Muckles, a show that would be based on You Can't Take It with You. The project got stuck in development hell and was later dropped when Reubens's ideas grew too elaborate and expensive, although Philip Rosenthal blamed NBC's negative response on Reubens being on a "blacklist".88

By 1999, Reubens had given several interviews as himself and made public appearances while promoting the film Mystery Men, the first being on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno that year.89 He also starred in Dwight Yoakam's Western South of Heaven, West of Hell, portraying a rapist and killer. In 2001, Reubens had his first extended television role since Playhouse, as the host of the short-lived ABC game show You Don't Know Jack, based on the video game series of the same name. It was cancelled after six episodes due to low ratings.90

Reubens played a flamboyant hairdresser turned drug dealer in Ted Demme's 2001 drama Blow, which starred Penélope Cruz and Johnny Depp. His performance was praised and he began receiving scripts for potential film projects.9192

2004–2008: Cameos and guest appearances

Reubens made cameos and guest appearances in numerous projects. He played Rick of the citizen's patrol on the popular Comedy Central series Reno 911!, which gained him a small role in the 2007 film Reno 911!: Miami.93 In 2006, he appeared in the second music video of the Raconteurs' song "Steady, As She Goes". The video has the band engaging in a comical soapbox car race, with Reubens playing the bad guy who sabotages the race.94

In 2007, Reubens attended his own tribute at the SF Sketchfest, where he talked about his career with Ben Fong-Torres.95 He also signed with NBC to make a pilot on a show called Area 57, a sitcom about a passive-aggressive alien,96 but it was not picked up for the 2007–2008 season.97 Reubens did, however, appear on the hit NBC series 30 Rock as an inbred Austrian prince, a character Tina Fey created for him.98 He also made three guest appearances on FX's series Dirt playing a washed-up, alcoholic reporter named Chuck Lafoon. This time he was recommended for the role by Dirt star and close friend Courteney Cox. Cox's husband, David Arquette, then cast Reubens for his directorial debut, the 2007 film The Tripper.99

In June 2007, Reubens appeared as Pee-wee Herman at the Spike TV's Guys Choice Awards for the first time since 1992.100

Reubens also had small parts dubbing or making cameos in a series of Cartoon Network projects such as the 2006 television film Re-Animated, the animated cartoon series Chowder, Tom Goes to the Mayor, and Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!.

In 2008, Reubens was slated to appear as homeopathic antidepressant salesman Alfredo Aldarisio in the third episode of Pushing Daisies, but the role was recast with Raúl Esparza.101102 Reubens instead appeared in the role of Oscar Vibenius in the series' 7th and 9th episodes.

Also, during 2008, Reubens did a PSA for Unscrew America, a website that aims to get people to change regular light bulbs for more energy-efficient ones in the form of CFLs and LED.103 He also appeared in Todd Solondz's Life During Wartime.104105

From 2009 to 2011, Reubens voiced Bat-Mite in Batman: The Brave and the Bold.106

2009–2023: Revival and later work

In January 2009, Reubens hinted that negotiations were under way for his stage show to come back,107 and in August the return of The Pee-wee Herman Show was announced.108 Reubens said he felt Pee-wee calling, "I just got up one day and felt like I'm gonna come back, that was it."109 The show is also a way to "introduce Pee-wee to the new generation that didn't know about it", preparing the way for Reubens's main project, the Playhouse film.110 Before this comeback, Reubens's present age and shape had been pointed out as a possible issue, since Pee-wee's slim figure and clean skin have been one of his trademarks. But after appearing for the first time since 1992 as Pee-wee at Spike TV's 2007 Guys Choice Awards, Reubens had remained optimistic and had jokingly said he's no longer nervous about being young Pee-wee again thanks to digital retouching.111

The show was originally scheduled to begin November 8 and continue until the 29th at the Music Box Theatre in Hollywood. Due to high demand, the show moved to Club Nokia at LA Live and was scheduled to run between January 12 and February 7, 2010.112 To promote the show, Reubens once again gave interviews in character, appearing as a guest on The Jay Leno Show, The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien (as well as O'Brien's subsequent Legally Prohibited Tour), and Jimmy Kimmel Live!, among others. A Twitter account, a Facebook account, and a new website were made for Pee-wee after the show changed venues.113

On November 11, 2010, the show relocated to New York City for a limited run at the Stephen Sondheim Theatre, selling over $3 million in advance tickets.114 An extra performance was taped for the HBO network on January 6, 2011, and debuted March 19.115

From 2012 to 2013, Reubens contributed his voice talents to the animated series Tron: Uprising as Pavel.116 In 2014, Reubens appeared in TV on the Radio's music video for "Happy Idiot".117

In February 2015, Netflix acquired the rights to produce a new Pee-wee film entitled Pee-wee's Big Holiday with Reubens and Judd Apatow producing the film, John Lee directing, and Reubens and Paul Rust writing the screenplay. The film released on March 18, 2016, on Netflix to positive reception.118119120

Reubens went on to reprise his role as pilot droid Rex in Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge, a Star Wars-themed land that opened at Disneyland and Disney's Hollywood Studios at Walt Disney World in 2019. Reubens previously portrayed the character in the original Star Tours attraction in 1987 and Star Wars Rebels in 2014. In Galaxy's Edge, the former Star Tours pilot droid RX-24 – "Rex" – has been reprogrammed into DJ R-3X, the house DJ of a bar and restaurant called Oga's Cantina.121122

Reubens also voiced Ivor in Minecraft: Story Mode, which he claimed to be among his favorite voice acting roles.123

Undeveloped scripts

When Reubens started giving interviews again after his 2002 arrest, he talked about the two scripts he had written for future Pee-wee Herman films.

Reubens once called his first script The Pee-wee Herman Story,124 describing it as a black comedy. He also referred to the script as "dark Pee-wee" or "adult Pee-wee",125 with the plot involving Pee-wee becoming famous as a singer after making a hit single and moving to Hollywood, where "he does everything wrong and becomes a big jerk".126 Reubens further explained the film has many "Valley of the Dolls moments".127 Reubens thought this script would be the first one to start production, but in 2006 Reubens announced he was to start filming his second script in 2007.128

The second film, a family-friendly adventure, is called Pee-wee's Playhouse: The Movie by Reubens,129130 and follows Pee-wee and his Playhouse friends on a road-trip adventure, meaning that they would leave the house for the first time and go out into "Puppetland". All of the original characters of the show, live-action and puppets are included in Reubens's script. The story happens in a fantasy land that would be reminiscent of H.R. Pufnstuf and The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.131 In January 2009, Reubens told Gary Panter that the rejected first script of Pee-wee's Big Adventure (which they co-wrote) could have a film deal very soon and that it would be "90 minutes of incredible beauty".132 In December 2009, while in character, Reubens said this film is "already done, the script is already fully written; It's ready to shoot." Most of the film will take place in Puppetland and claymation might be used.133

Although he did not reveal much about the scripts, he said that one of the two films opens in prison.134 He also said that using CGI for "updating" the puppets' looks could be an option, but it all depended on the budget the films would have.135 Reubens once mentioned the possibility of doing one of the two as an animated film along the lines of The Polar Express (2004), which uses performance capture technology, incorporating the movements of live actors into animated characters.136

Reubens approached Pee-wee's Big Adventure director Tim Burton with one of the scripts and talked to Johnny Depp about the possibility of having him portray Pee-wee, but Burton was too busy, and Depp said he would have to think about it.137

In January 2010, Reubens reprised his role as Pee-wee and reused the set of Pee-wee's Playhouse (albeit slightly modified) for a short sketch on Funny or Die. In the sketch, Pee-wee comes home and shows off a brand-new iPad given to him by Steve Jobs. This leads to a long argument between him and his puppet friends, who point out all of the iPad's disadvantages – even Conky himself points out its flaws by stating that "it looks like a giant iPhone". In the end, Pee-wee uses the iPad as a serving tray to hold glasses of milk and lemonade during a party being held at the Playhouse hours later.138 All the voices of the puppet characters are dubbed in by different actors than the TV series, except for Globey whose voice is still done by George McGrath.[]

Personal life

Reubens never married or had children. In interviews conducted for the documentary Pee-wee as Himself (2025), which premiered after Reubens's death, he publicly acknowledged for the first time that he was gay.139140 Reubens described a live-in relationship he had in the 1970s with a fellow CalArts student named Guy Brown, whom he credited with inspiring some of Pee-wee Herman's mannerisms. After the relationship ended, Reubens visited Brown in the hospital just hours before he died of an AIDS-related illness. Following that relationship, Reubens stated that he made a conscious decision to focus on his career, and never entered into another serious relationship except at the very end of his life. He was highly secretive about his sexuality for much of his lifetime: "I was out of the closet, and then I went back in the closet. I wasn't pursuing the Paul Reubens career; I was pursuing the Pee-wee Herman career. [...] I was secretive about my sexuality even to my friends [out of] self-hatred or self-preservation. I was conflicted about sexuality. But fame was way more complicated."

Reubens maintained several platonic friendships with women, including some of his co-stars, some of which were incorrectly reported in the media as romantic. He attended the 1988 Academy Awards with Big Top Pee-wee co-star Valeria Golino, which stirred rumors that the two were dating.141142 The following year, Reubens exchanged vows with Doris Duke's adopted daughter, Chandi Heffner, at a mock wedding over which Imelda Marcos presided, held at Shangri-La, Doris Duke's mansion in Honolulu, Hawaii.143 Reubens also reportedly "dated" actress Debi Mazar in 1993 after he began attending film premieres with her.144 He credited Mazar with helping him recover from the depression caused by his 1991 arrest.145 According to Mazar, their relationship was platonic yet inseparable: "We were best friends, and the truth of the matter is, basically, we had a love affair that was just cerebral."146 Reubens and his co-star Lynne Marie Stewart remained close, platonic friends until the end of his life. They were active with the Make-A-Wish Foundation, making appearances in character to bring joy to terminally ill children.147

1991 arrest

In July 1991, Reubens was arrested in Sarasota, Florida, for indecent exposure while watching a film at a porno theater.148 During an unexpected police inspection, a detective detained Reubens, along with three others, as he was preparing to leave. When detectives examined his driver's license, Reubens told them "I'm Pee-wee Herman" and offered to perform a children's benefit for the sheriff's office "to take care of this".149 The next day, after a local reporter recognized Reubens' name, Reubens' attorney extended the same offer to the Sarasota Herald-Tribune in exchange for withholding the story.150 On the night of the arrest, Reubens traveled to Nashville, where his sister and lawyer lived, and then to New Jersey, where he stayed for the next few months at his friend Doris Duke's estate.151

This was Reubens' third arrest in the county. In 1971, Reubens had been arrested in the same county for loitering and prowling near an adult theater, though charges had been dropped. His second arrest occurred in 1983 when Reubens was placed on two years of probation for possession of marijuana, although adjudication was withheld.152

The 1991 arrest was widely covered and Reubens became the subject of late-night talk show ridicule.153 Disney-MGM Studios suspended a video from its studio tour that had shown Pee-wee explaining how voiceover tracks are produced. Toys "R" Us removed Pee-wee toys from its stores.154

Reubens released a statement denying the charges.155 On November 7, 1991, he pleaded no contest. The plea avoided a charge on Reubens's record but obligated him to 75 hours of community service. As part of his service, he created, produced, and financed two antidrug public service announcements.156

Despite the negative publicity, many artists who knew Reubens, such as Cyndi Lauper, Annette Funicello, Zsa Zsa Gabor, and Valeria Golino, voiced support.157158 Others who knew Reubens, such as Pee-wee's Playhouse production designer Gary Panter, S. Epatha Merkerson, and Big Top Pee-wee director Randal Kleiser, also spoke in support.159160 Reubens's fans organized support rallies after CBS canceled the reruns, picketing in Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco.161162 The television news magazine A Current Affair received "tens of thousands" of responses to a Pee-wee telephone survey in which callers supported Reubens by a nine-to-one ratio.163

Although Reubens did not offer interviews or appear on talk shows after his arrest,164165 he did appear in character as Pee-wee Herman at the 1991 MTV Video Music Awards on September 5,166 asking the audience, "Heard any good jokes lately?" He received a standing ovation. Reubens appeared as Pee-wee only once in 1992, when he participated in a Grand Ole Opry tribute to Minnie Pearl.167168

2002–2004: Subsequent charges

In November 2002, while filming David LaChapelle's video for Elton John's "This Train Don't Stop There Anymore", Reubens learned that police were at his home with a search warrant. Police were acting on a tip from a witness in the pornography case against actor Jeffrey Jones,169 finding among over 70,000 items of kitsch memorabilia, two grainy videotapes, and dozens of photographs that the city attorney's office characterized as a collection of "child pornography."170 Kelly Bush, Reubens's personal representative at the time, said the description of the items was inaccurate and stated the objects were "Rob Lowe's sex videotape", and a few 30- to 100-year-old kitsch collectible images."171

Reubens turned himself in to the Hollywood division of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) and was charged with misdemeanor possession of obscene material improperly depicting a child under the age of 18 in sexual conduct.172 The district attorney looked at Reubens's collection and computer and found no grounds for bringing any felony charges against him, while the city attorney, Rocky Delgadillo, formally charged Reubens on the last day allowed by statute.173 Reubens was represented by Hollywood criminal defense lawyer Blair Berk.174

In December, he pleaded not guilty through Berk.175 In March 2004, child pornography charges were dropped in exchange for Reubens's guilty plea to a lesser misdemeanor obscenity charge. For the next three years, he was required to register his address with the sheriff's office, and he could not be in the company of minors without the permission of their parent or legal guardian.176

Reubens later stated that he was a collector of erotica, including films, muscle magazines, and a sizable collection of mostly homosexual vintage erotica,177 such as photographic studies of teen nudes.178 Reubens said that what the city attorney's office viewed as pornography he considered to be innocent art, and whether the memorabilia were pornographic images "depends on what one sees in those images". Reubens described the nude images as people "one hundred percent not" performing sexual acts.179

Being an avid collector, Reubens often purchased bulk lots, and one of his vintage magazine dealers declared that "there's no way" he could have known the content of each page in the publications he bought, and the dealer recalled Reubens asking for "physique magazines, vintage [1960s] material, but not things featuring kids".180

During this ongoing legal issue, Reubens spent two years in Sarasota, Florida, caring for his terminally ill father, who died in February 2004 of cancer.181182 In the 2025 documentary Pee-wee as Himself, publicist Kelly Bush Novak recalls "I got a call from Paul and he told me it absolutely wasn't true. He knew Jeffrey Jones and Jeffrey Jones was being accused of.. improprieties and that person who accused him had been to Paul's house with Jeffrey and other people. And that person accused Paul of possession of child pornography."183

Reception and legacy

Reubens had not always thought of his character as one for children prior to the mid-1980s, when he became more selective of what should and should not be associated with Pee-wee.184 He was a heavy smoker and hired security to make sure that children never saw him with a cigarette while in costume.185 He refused to endorse candy bars and other unhealthy food; he said in 1999 that he had proposed "Ralston Purina Pee-wee Chow cereal", but the sugar-free product was not released due to a negative reaction in a blind taste test.186

Pee-wee was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame by 1989,187 and successfully built a Pee-wee franchise, with toys, clothes, and other items generating more than $25 million at its peak in 1988.188 Reubens also published a book as Pee-wee in 1989 called Travels with Pee-Wee.189 CBS aired reruns of Playhouse until July 1991, when Reubens was arrested, pulling from their schedule the last two remaining reruns.190 Fox Family Channel briefly aired reruns of the Playhouse in 1998.191 In early July 2006, Cartoon Network began running a teaser promo during its Adult Swim lineup. A later press release and many other promos confirmed that the show's 45 original episodes would air nightly from Monday to Thursday starting on that date.192 Playhouse attracted 1.5 million viewers nightly. In 2007, TV Guide named Playhouse one of the top 10 TV cult classics of all time.193 Several children's television personas cite Pee-wee Herman as an inspiration, including Steve Burns of Blue's Clues194 and Stephen Hillenburg of SpongeBob SquarePants.195 In November 2004, all 45 episodes of the Playhouse, plus six episodes that had never before been released on home video, were released on DVD split between two box set collections. On July 3, 2013, Shout! Factory announced that they had acquired the rights to the entire series from Reubens, which was released on Blu-ray on October 21, 2014. In addition, the entire series was digitally remastered from the original 35mm film elements and original audio tracks.196197198199

Pee-wee's tight-fitting Glen plaid suits have made him a "style icon",200 with fashion houses and designers like Christopher Bailey, Ennio Capasa, Miuccia Prada,201 Viktor & Rolf,202 and Thom Browne creating tightly cut suits with high armholes and short trousers that have been compared to Pee-wee's.203

Reubens discussed plans for a museum, which would contain many of the Playhouse sets and props he owned.204

A two-part documentary series on Reubens's life, Pee-wee as Himself, was released on HBO and Max on May 23, 2025.205206 Reubens took part in the filming of the documentary prior to his death in 2023.207

Reubens reportedly completed writing his autobiography before his death which his estate hopes to publish posthumously.208

Death

Reubens died on July 30, 2023, at the age of 70, at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles. The immediate cause of his death was acute hypoxic respiratory failure.209210 At the time of his death he was diagnosed with both myelogenous leukemia and metastatic lung cancer.211 He had been diagnosed six years earlier, but had not revealed his diagnosis to the public.212

Following his death, a statement written by Reubens was released:

Please accept my apology for not going public with what I've been facing the last six years. I have always felt a huge amount of love and respect from my friends, fans and supporters. I have loved you all so much and enjoyed making art for you.213

Reubens was cremated, and his remains were interred at Hollywood Forever Cemetery.214

Filmography

Film

YearTitleRoleNotes
1980Pray TV215Jack Chudnowski
Midnight Madness216Pinball City Proprietor
The Blues Brothers217Chez Paul waiter
Cheech and Chong's Next Movie218Pee-wee Herman/Desk Clerk
1981Nice Dreams219Howie Hamburger Dude
Dream On!220
1982Pandemonium221Johnson
1984Meatballs Part II222Albert / Hara Krishna
1985Pee-wee's Big Adventure223Pee-wee HermanAlso writer; credited as Pee-wee Herman
1986Flight of the Navigator224225Trimaxion/MaxVoice; credited as Paul Mall
1987Back to the Beach226Pee-wee Herman
1988Big Top Pee-wee227Also writer and producerNominated — Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards for Favorite Movie Actor[]; credited as Pee-wee Herman
1992Batman Returns228Tucker Cobblepot
Buffy the Vampire Slayer229Amilyn
1993The Nightmare Before Christmas230231LockVoice
1996Dunston Checks In232Buck LaFarge
Matilda233FBI Agent Bob
1997Buddy234Professor Spatz
Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas235236FifeVoice, direct-to-video
1998Dr. Dolittle237238RaccoonVoice
1999Mystery Men239The Spleen
2000South of Heaven, West of Hell240Arvid Henry
2001Blow241Derek Foreal
2004Teacher's Pet242243DennisVoice
2006The Tripper244Frank Baker
2007Reno 911!: Miami245Sir Terrence Benedino
2009Life During Wartime246Andy
2011The Smurfs247248Jokey SmurfVoice
2013The Smurfs 2249
Tom and Jerry's Giant Adventure250251Screwy SquirrelVoice, direct-to-video
Scooby-Doo! Mecha Mutt Menace252253Irv
2015Accidental Love254Edwin
2016Pee-wee's Big Holiday255Pee-wee HermanAlso writer and producer; credited as Pee-wee Herman
2023Quiz Lady256HimselfPosthumous release (Final film role)

Television

YearTitleRoleNotes
1979Working Stiffs257Heimlich2 episodes
1980–1981The Flintstone Comedy ShowFreaky FrankenstoneVoice, 18 episodes (The Frankenstones segment)
1980Steve Martin: Comedy Is Not Pretty258Various rolesTelevision special
Steve Martin: All Commercials259
1981Mork & Mindy260Dickie NimitzEpisode: "Long Before We Met"
The Pee-wee Herman Show261Pee-wee HermanTelevision special
1982Madame's Place262HimselfSeason: 1 Episode: 34
1984Faerie Tale Theatre263PinocchioSeason: 3 Episode: 3 "Pinocchio"
Cheeseball Presents264Pee-wee HermanTV movie
1985Saturday Night Live265Pee-wee Herman (host)Episode: "Pee-wee Herman/Queen Ida & The Bon Temps Zydeco Band"
1986–1990Pee-wee's Playhouse266Pee-wee Herman45 episodes; also creator, writer, director, executive producer and set decoratorDaytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Achievement in Art Direction/Set Direction/Scenic Design (1988)Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Achievement in Graphics and Title Design (1991)Nominated – Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in Children's Programming (1987–1988, 1990–1991)Nominated – Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Children's Series (1987, 1990–1991)Nominated – Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing For A Children's Series (1987–1988)Nominated – Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing For A Children's Series (1988, 1990–1991)Nominated – Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Achievement in Art Direction/Set Decoration/Scenic Design (1989–1991)267
1987227268Episode: "Toyland"
1988Sesame Street269Episode: "Put Down the Duckie"
Pee-wee's Playhouse Christmas Special270Television special; also writer, director and executive producer
1995–1997Murphy Brown271Andrew J. Lansing III6 episodesNominated – Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series (1995)272
2000Everybody Loves Raymond273RussellEpisode: "Hackidu"
2001You Don't Know Jack274Troy Stevens6 episodes
Ally McBeal275LouisEpisode: "Cloudy Skies, Chance of Parade"
2002Rugrats276277Hermie the ElfVoice, episode: "Babies in Toyland"
The Groovenians278279JetVoice; pilot
2005Tripping the Rift280281God / DevilVoice, episode: "Chode's Near Death-Experience"
2006Campus Ladies282Drama instructorEpisode: "Drama Class"
Reno 911!283RickEpisode: "Rick's On It"
Re-Animated284285Golly GopherVoice, television film
2007Area 57286AlienPilot
30 Rock287Gerhardt HapsburgEpisode: "Black Tie"
Dirt288Chuck Lafoon3 episodes
Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!289The MoonEpisode: "Cats"
Pushing Daisies290Oscar Vibenius2 episodes
2007–2009Chowder291292ReubenVoice, 3 episodes
2009–2011Batman: The Brave and the Bold293294Bat-MiteVoice, 4 episodes
2010Adventure Time295296Gnome Ruler, Dancing BugVoice, episode: "Power Animal"
WWE Raw297Pee-wee Herman1 episode; special guest
2011The Pee-wee Herman Show on Broadway298Pee-wee HermanTelevision specialNominated – Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety, Music, or Comedy Special299
2012–2013Tron: Uprising300301PavelVoice, 17 episodes
2012–2015Robot Chicken302The Riddler / SunbatherVoice, 3 episodes
2013Comedy Bang! Bang!303Pee-wee HermanEpisode: "Pee Wee Herman Wears a Halloween Costume"
2014Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles304305Martin Milton/Sir MalachiVoice, episode: "Mazes and Mutants"
Sanjay and Craig306307Benji WarlinVoice, episode: "Googas"
Star Wars Rebels308309RX-24Voice, episode: "Droids in Distress"
Lego DC Comics: Batman Be-Leaguered310311312Bat-MiteVoice, television film
Kung Fu Panda: Legends of AwesomenessJu LongVoice, episode: "The Hunger Game"313
Phineas and Ferb314315Professor ParenthesisVoice, episode: "The O.W.C.A. Files"
2014, 2016American Dad!316Wyatt BordenVoice, episode: "Blagsnarst, a Love Story"
2014–2015The Blacklist317Mr. Vargas5 episodes
2015Portlandia318Weirdos' LawyerEpisode: "Dead Pets"
Turbo FastTychoVoice, episode: "Turboldly Go"319
2015–2016Pickle and Peanut320Couch DraculaVoice, 2 episodes
2015–2017Penn Zero: Part-Time Hero321322Milk Man, ButtermanVoice, 3 episodes
2016–2017Gotham323Elijah Van Dahl3 episodes
2017–2018Voltron: Legendary Defender324Unliu Swap Shop OwnerVoice, 3 episodes
2018Mosaic325JC Schiffer7 episodes
2018–2019Legends of Tomorrow326DybbukVoice, 5 episodes
2019TigtoneCryptombVoice, episode: "Tigtone and the Cemetery of the Dead"
What We Do in the Shadows327PaulEpisode: "The Trial"
The Conners328Sandy BitenskyEpisode: "Lanford, Toilet of Sin"
2021The Tom and Jerry ShowPontius PigVoice, episode: "Sock It to Me"
2023Bob's BurgersPatVoice, episode: "Amelia" (Final role; dedicated in memory)329330
2025Pee-wee as HimselfHimselfTwo-part documentary series, posthumous release

Video games

YearTitleVoice role
2004The Nightmare Before Christmas: Oogie's RevengeLock331
2015Minecraft: Story ModeIvor332333
2016Call of Duty: Infinite WarfareWillard Wyler334
2017Minecraft: Story Mode - Season 2Ivor335336

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