Internet.org

<h2 id="history">History</h2>

Internet.org was launched on August 20, 2013.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a> At the time of launch, Facebook's founder and CEO <a href="/facts/Mark_Zuckerberg/TJpEwVE6">Mark Zuckerberg</a> released a ten-page whitepaper he had written elaborating on the vision that asserts that connectivity is a "human right".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a> In the paper, he wrote that Internet.org was a further step in the direction of Facebook's past initiatives, such as <a href="/facts/Facebook_Zero/odjnA3kQ">Facebook Zero</a>, to improve Internet access for people around the world.
During <a href="/facts/TechCrunch_Disrupt/9gs5SykU">TechCrunch Disrupt</a> on September 11, 2013 Zuckerberg elaborated further on his vision.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a> <a href="/facts/TechCrunch/9gs5SykU">TechCrunch</a> blog compared Internet.org with <a href="/facts/Google/GT9Sugza">Google</a>'s <a href="/facts/Project_Loon/nuKulDm1">Project Loon</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a> Zuckerberg also released a video on September 30, 2013 explaining Internet.org's goal of making the Internet 100 times more affordable.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a>
On February 24, 2014, shortly before a keynote presentation by Zuckerberg at the <a href="/facts/Mobile_World_Congress/79JBwHG2">Mobile World Congress</a> in <a href="/facts/Barcelona/8PWLdRbW">Barcelona</a> on February 24, 2014, Internet.org unveiled several new projects: an education partnership called SocialEDU with <a href="/facts/Nokia/bCleFoF4">Nokia</a> and local carrier <a href="/facts/AirTel/uw56Vd2L">AirTel</a>, <a href="/facts/EdX/4m5N55qS">edX</a>, and the government in <a href="/facts/Rwanda/UKR5UdKy">Rwanda</a>; a project with <a href="/facts/Unilever/9dnFaVFR">Unilever</a> in India; and a new Internet.org Innovation Lab with <a href="/facts/Ericsson/yJ4oMMp7">Ericsson</a> in its <a href="/facts/Menlo_Park,_California/mHQVj2Jx">Menlo Park</a> HQ.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a> In the presentation, Zuckerberg says that <a href="/facts/Facebook/0IhXFR6u">Facebook</a>'s recent acquisition of mobile messaging app <a href="/facts/WhatsApp/VMlSeFb6">WhatsApp</a> for $19 billion was closely related to the Internet.org vision.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a>
In May 2015, Facebook announced the Internet.org Platform, an open program for developers to easily create services that integrate with Internet.org. This was seen by commentators as a response to concerns raised over <a href="/facts/Net_neutrality/qAy17TBH">net neutrality</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a> Participating websites must meet three criteria:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a>

<ol><li>Explore the entire internet (so as to give users a taste of the wider Internet and therefore help them see the value of the Internet),</li>
<li>Efficiency of data use (so that it would be economical for carriers to allow free access to the websites), and</li>
<li>Technical specifications: optimized for browsing on a wide range of devices including smartphones and less sophisticated mobile devices, and should not be dependent on <a href="/facts/JavaScript/XhhIIEsl">JavaScript</a> or <a href="/facts/HTTPS/MSWYz4zo">HTTPS</a>.</li></ol>
<h3>Satellite development</h3>
On March 27, 2014, Facebook announced a connectivity lab as part of the Internet.org initiative, with the goal of bringing the Internet to everybody via drones, acquired from the company Ascenta.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a> It is also communicated by the Connectivity Lab, that, besides using drones, low-Earth orbit and geosynchronous satellites would also be part of the project, for establishing internet connectivity in other areas. All three systems would rely on <a href="/facts/Free_space_optics/V3lyvTxk">free space optics</a> (FSO). In free space optics, the signal is sent in a compact bundle of infrared light<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a>
At <a href="/facts/Mobile_World_Congress/79JBwHG2">Mobile World Congress</a> March 2015, Mark Zuckerberg says that the Internet.org initiative was "willing to work" with <a href="/facts/Project_Loon/nuKulDm1">Project Loon</a> (Google's project to use high-altitude balloons to provide people cheaper Internet access) but emphasizes that in his view, the real work is in partnering with existing telecommunications companies to improve access and reduce costs for people already within range of a network, which he estimates at over 80% of the population.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a>
In October 2015, Facebook and Eutelsat leased the entire Ka-band capacity (36 spot beams with a total throughput of 18 Gbit/s) on the planned <a href="/facts/AMOS-6/Hshx5WvK">AMOS-6</a> satellite to provide access to parts of Africa<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a> AMOS-6 was intended to be launched on <a href="/facts/Falcon_9_flight_29/Vpt8V2ud">flight 29</a> of a <a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a> <a href="/facts/Falcon_9_Full_Thrust/L5HWctap">Falcon 9</a> to <a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_transfer_orbit/1WwL0SPz">geosynchronous transfer orbit</a> on 3 September 2016. However, on 1 September 2016, during the run-up to a <a href="/facts/Static_fire/PgM7Wd9x">static fire</a> test, there was an anomaly on the launch pad resulting in a fire and the loss of the vehicle and its payload, AMOS-6. There were no injuries.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a>
In January 2016, <a href="/facts/Google/GT9Sugza">Google</a> had exited Facebook's Free Basics platform in Zambia. They were included in the initial trial of this project, which was first launched in Zambia.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a>

<h3>Net neutrality criticism in India</h3>
The first Internet.org summit was held on 9 October 2014 in <a href="/facts/New_Delhi/9UMpnDN8">New Delhi</a>, India. The primary objective of this summit was to bring together experts, officials and industry leaders to focus on ways to deliver more Internet services for people in languages other than English. Zuckerberg also met Indian Prime Minister <a href="/facts/Narendra_Modi/bVn4fGGz">Narendra Modi</a> to talk about how Facebook and the Indian government can collaborate on Internet.org.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a>
In 2015 After a lot of criticism of Internet.org which has a partnership with Reliance in India, Mark Zuckerberg replied in an article for <a href="/facts/Hindustan_Times/TJ7glMCD">Hindustan Times</a> stating that Internet.org and net neutrality can co-exist and Internet.org will never differentiate between services.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a> His claims were contested by many response articles, including one published in the Hindustan Times.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a> In May 2015, the Internet.org Platform, open to participation by any developers meeting specified guidelines, was announced. Some commentators viewed this announcement as a response to the net neutrality concerns expressed.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a>
The <a href="/facts/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(India)/DRcm0sSo">PMO</a> has expressed displeasure at Facebook's reaction to and handling of TRAI's consultation paper, calling it a crudely majoritarian and orchestrated opinion poll.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a>
An Indian journalist, in his reply to Mark Zuckerberg's article defending Internet.org in India, criticized Internet.org as "being just a Facebook proxy targeting India's poor" as it provides restricted Internet access to Reliance Telecom's subscribers in India.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50">50</a> Until April 2015, Internet.org users could access (for free) only a few websites, and Facebook's role as gatekeeper in determining what websites were in that list was criticised for violating <a href="/facts/Net_neutrality/qAy17TBH">net neutrality</a>. In May 2015, Facebook announced that the Free Basics Platform would be opened to websites that met its criteria.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51">51</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52">52</a>
In April 2015, some Indian startups started pulling out of Internet.org to protect <a href="/facts/Net_neutrality/qAy17TBH">net neutrality</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53">53</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54">54</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55">55</a> The <a href="/facts/Telecom_Regulatory_Authority_of_India/0bUyhqNB">Telecom Regulatory Authority of India</a> (TRAI) in January 2016 criticized Facebook for its misleading commercials and <a href="/facts/Astroturfing/1jFTaJzI">astroturfing</a> the Free Basics campaign. TRAI accused Facebook of failing to pass on the four questions in the regulator's consultation paper and also blocking access to TRAI's designated email for feedback on Free Basics.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56">56</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57">57</a> On February 8, 2016, TRAI banned the Free Basics service in India based on "Prohibition of Discriminatory Tariffs for Data Services Regulations, 2016" notification.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58">58</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59">59</a> On February 11, 2016 Facebook withdrew the Free Basics platform from India.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60">60</a>
In May 2017, Facebook, in partnership with Indian telecoms operator <a href="/facts/Bharti_Airtel/uw56Vd2L">Bharti Airtel</a>, launched a service under the <a href="/facts/Express_Wi-Fi/4lyXyYxr">Express Wi-Fi</a> banner.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61">61</a>

<h2 id="participants">Participants</h2>
Below is a selective history of launch dates and participating mobile networks:

<ul><li>July 2014: <a href="/facts/Zambia/lCnlx5a1">Zambia</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62">62</a></li>
<li>October 2014: <a href="/facts/Tanzania/MJueJ7E4">Tanzania</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63">63</a></li>
<li>November 2014: <a href="/facts/Kenya/Y9Ko9pQu">Kenya</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64">64</a></li>
<li>January 2015: <a href="/facts/Colombia/nl7r8Q2u">Colombia</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65">65</a></li>
<li>January 2015: <a href="/facts/Ghana/IkUw32Ya">Ghana</a>, with <a href="/facts/Airtel_(Africa)/U1wjy943">Airtel</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66">66</a></li>
<li>10 February 2015: <a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM">India</a> with <a href="/facts/Reliance_Communications/VLhqPsF1">Reliance Communications</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67">67</a> Service permanently banned by <a href="/facts/Telecom_Regulatory_Authority_of_India/0bUyhqNB">TRAI</a> one year later.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68">68</a></li>
<li>18 March 2015 and 7 October 2015: <a href="/facts/Philippines/ARpmxXQV">Philippines</a> with <a href="/facts/Smart_Communications/Y2RfyW93">Smart Communications</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69">69</a> and <a href="/facts/Globe_Telecom/DFvMzW2m">Globe Telecom</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70">70</a></li>
<li>31 March 2015: <a href="/facts/Guatemala/MoMcSnla">Guatemala</a> with <a href="/facts/Tigo/1z81k9vz">Tigo</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71">71</a></li>
<li>20 April 2015: <a href="/facts/Indonesia/vQnWU3IW">Indonesia</a> with <a href="/facts/Indosat/o7RHahRE">Indosat</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72">72</a></li>
<li>10 May 2015 – 18 July 2020: <a href="/facts/Bangladesh/NXk4f78Y">Bangladesh</a> with <a href="/facts/Robi_(company)/xMTHzckx">Robi</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73">73</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74">74</a></li>
<li>13 May 2015: <a href="/facts/Malawi/HTj5q7Wc">Malawi</a> with <a href="/facts/Telekom_Networks_Malawi/G6XRBrCA">TNM</a> and <a href="/facts/Airtel/uw56Vd2L">Airtel</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75">75</a></li>
<li>28 May 2015 and 26 March 2016: <a href="/facts/Pakistan/cbIsvJy1">Pakistan</a> with <a href="/facts/Telenor_Pakistan/SohdSwVF">Telenor Pakistan</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76">76</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77">77</a> and <a href="/facts/Zong_Pakistan/RqrHSC0t">Zong Pakistan</a> respectively<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78">78</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79">79</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80">80</a></li>
<li>5 June 2015: <a href="/facts/Senegal/PPaRNYJH">Senegal</a> with <a href="/facts/Tigo/1z81k9vz">Tigo</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81">81</a></li>
<li>19 June 2015: <a href="/facts/Bolivia/YNBoDKKR">Bolivia</a> with VIVA<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82">82</a></li>
<li>22 June 2015: <a href="/facts/Angola/PQrYRHMd">Angola</a> with <a href="/facts/Movicel/ApY18llR">Movicel</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83">83</a></li>
<li>1 July 2015: <a href="/facts/South_Africa/vvXQpLgq">South Africa</a> with <a href="/facts/Cell_C/c5946kTq">Cell C</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84">84</a></li>
<li>18 October – 30 December 2015: <a href="/facts/Egypt/8Ttg0JwB">Egypt</a> with <a href="/facts/Etisalat/065R5IMF">Etisalat</a>. Service terminated by the <a href="/facts/National_Telecommunications_Regulatory_Authority/la1oPXLU">NTRA</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85">85</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86">86</a> after Facebook refused to offer surveillance capabilities for the government.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87">87</a></li>
<li>16 December 2015: <a href="/facts/Iraq/pqYSFJw8">Iraq</a> with <a href="/facts/Korek_Telecom/dFktWzSI">Korek Telecom</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88">88</a></li>
<li>10 May 2016: <a href="/facts/Nigeria/gbW17BX8">Nigeria</a> with <a href="/facts/Airtel_Africa/U1wjy943">Airtel Africa</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89">89</a></li>
<li>2 June 2016: <a href="/facts/Madagascar/ez12IAcY">Madagascar</a> with Bip<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90">90</a></li>
<li>June 2016: <a href="/facts/Myanmar/zcqQH2oE">Myanmar</a> with <a href="/facts/Myanma_Posts_and_Telecommunications/zLGkM4Qo">Myanma Posts and Telecommunications</a></li>
<li>February 2017: <a href="/facts/Nigeria/gbW17BX8">Nigeria</a> with Etisalat Nigeria<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91">91</a></li>
<li>March 2017: <a href="/facts/Algeria/UXDF4Tj6">Algeria</a> with <a href="/facts/Ooredoo_Algeria/YMBfgFAK">Ooredoo</a></li>
<li>April 2017: <a href="/facts/Belarus/vweHwgob">Belarus</a> with life:)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92">92</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93">93</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="reception">Reception</h2>
<h3>Expanding Internet access</h3>
An article published on <a href="/facts/Datamation/w70KTvsN">Datamation</a> in August 2013 discussed Internet.org in relation to past accessibility initiatives by Facebook and Google such as <a href="/facts/Facebook_Zero/odjnA3kQ">Facebook Zero</a>, <a href="/facts/Google_Free_Zone/8mbceU8o">Google Free Zone</a>, and <a href="/facts/Project_Loon/nuKulDm1">Project Loon</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94">94</a> Internet.org and Project Loon have been described as being engaged in an Internet space race.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95">95</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:96" href="#fn:96">96</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:97" href="#fn:97">97</a> There have also been technical debates about the relative feasibility and value of using balloons (as championed by Project Loon) instead of drones,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:98" href="#fn:98">98</a> with <a href="/facts/Mark_Zuckerberg/TJpEwVE6">Mark Zuckerberg</a> favoring drones.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:99" href="#fn:99">99</a>
In December 2013, <a href="/facts/David_Talbot/DRuJdU3n">David Talbot</a> wrote a detailed article for <a href="/facts/Technology_Review/tk8zUzg2">Technology Review</a> titled Facebook's Two Faces: Facebook and Google Aim to Fix Global Connectivity, but for Whom? about Internet.org and other Internet accessibility initiatives.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:100" href="#fn:100">100</a>

<h3>User experience research</h3>
In 2015, researchers evaluating how Facebook Zero shapes information and communication technologies (ICT)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:101" href="#fn:101">101</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:102" href="#fn:102">102</a> usage in the developing world found that 11% of Indonesians who said they used Facebook also said they did not use the Internet. 65% of Nigerians, and 61% of Indonesians agree with the statement that "Facebook is the Internet" compared with only 5% in the US.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:103" href="#fn:103">103</a>

<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Airtel_Zero/9hkMD7eH">Airtel Zero</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Alliance_for_Affordable_Internet/omd1nnpM">Alliance for Affordable Internet</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Facebook_Zero/odjnA3kQ">Facebook Zero</a>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Express_Wi-Fi/4lyXyYxr">Express Wi-Fi</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Fon_(company)/UQMa5G2F">Fon (company)</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Geostationary_balloon_satellite/abHgJfTT">Geostationary balloon satellite</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Google_Free_Zone/8mbceU8o">Google Free Zone</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Guifi.net/EnAJVP4a">Guifi.net</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/O3b_Networks/4ewzbtp8">O3b Networks</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Open_Compute_Project/nCt85QF1">Open Compute Project</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Outernet/7mp1coKB">Outernet</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Project_Loon/nuKulDm1">Project Loon</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Telecom_Infra_Project/bB8eeRHw">Telecom Infra Project</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Wikipedia_Zero/fvK0lIXm">Wikipedia Zero</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Zero-rating/5u41qjGN">Zero-rating</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Internet.org.

<ul><li><a href="https://info.internet.org">Official website</a> </li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">"Internet.org: About". Retrieved January 8, 2014. <a href="https://www.internet.org" target="_blank">https://www.internet.org</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Constine, Josh (August 20, 2013). "Facebook And 6 Phone Companies Launch Internet.org To Bring Affordable Access To Everyone". Retrieved January 8, 2014. <a href="https://techcrunch.com/2013/08/20/facebook-internet-org/" target="_blank">https://techcrunch.com/2013/08/20/facebook-internet-org/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">"Facebook Rebrands Internet.Org App As "Free Basics"". Fast Company. Retrieved 2015-11-23. <a href="http://www.fastcompany.com/3051576/fast-feed/facebook-rebrands-internetorg-app-as-free-basics" target="_blank">http://www.fastcompany.com/3051576/fast-feed/facebook-rebrands-internetorg-app-as-free-basics</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">"Facebook's Internet.org has connected almost 100M to the 'internet'". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2020-11-22. <a href="https://techcrunch.com/2018/04/25/internet-org-100-million/" target="_blank">https://techcrunch.com/2018/04/25/internet-org-100-million/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">"Blow To Internet.org As Indian Internet Companies Begin To Withdraw". Huffington Post. April 15, 2015. Retrieved April 20, 2015. <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2015/04/15/internetorg-withdrawal_n_7071532.html" target="_blank">http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2015/04/15/internetorg-withdrawal_n_7071532.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Russell, Jon. "Under Fire In India, Facebook's Internet.org Launches In Indonesia - TechCrunch". <a href="https://techcrunch.com/2015/04/20/internet-dot-org-indonesia/" target="_blank">https://techcrunch.com/2015/04/20/internet-dot-org-indonesia/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">"India blocks Facebook Free Basics internet scheme". BBC. 8 February 2016. <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35522899" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35522899</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Tech Desk (21 January 2016). "Facebook 'I support Free Basics' campaign is wholly misplaced, says TRAI". Indian Express. Retrieved 21 January 2016. <a href="http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/social/trai-slams-facebook-letter-on-free-basics-campaign-wholly-misplaced/" target="_blank">http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/social/trai-slams-facebook-letter-on-free-basics-campaign-wholly-misplaced/</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Simon Sharwood (21 January 2016). "India just about accuses Facebook of faking Free Basics fandom". The Register. Retrieved 21 January 2016. <a href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/01/21/facebook_india_free_basics_net_neutrality_dispute_escalates/" target="_blank">https://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/01/21/facebook_india_free_basics_net_neutrality_dispute_escalates/</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">"Facebook withdraws the controversial 'Free Basics' platform from India". Times of India. 11 February 2016. <a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/Facebook-withdraws-the-controversial-Free-Basics-platform-from-India/articleshow/50947427.cms" target="_blank">http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/Facebook-withdraws-the-controversial-Free-Basics-platform-from-India/articleshow/50947427.cms</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:69">"Facebook and Smart's Talk 'N text bring basic Internet mobile service without the charge". The Philippine Star. March 18, 2015. <a href="https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/lifestyle-features/2015/03/18/1434997/facebook-and-smarts-talk-n-text-bring-basic-internet-mobile-service-without-charge" target="_blank">https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/lifestyle-features/2015/03/18/1434997/facebook-and-smarts-talk-n-text-bring-basic-internet-mobile-service-without-charge</a> <a href="#fnref:69" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:71">"Facebook Launches Internet.org in Guatemala, Moves to New Offices in California". 7 April 2015. <a href="http://techtrendske.co.ke/?p=4472" target="_blank">http://techtrendske.co.ke/?p=4472</a> <a href="#fnref:71" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:74">"Free basic service has been announced to be closed in Bangladesh from 18 July 2020". <a href="https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/worldnews/167765/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7" target="_blank">https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/worldnews/167765/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7</a> <a href="#fnref:74" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:75">Alvarez, Edgar (2015-05-14). "Facebook's free internet service expands to Malawi". Engadget. Retrieved 9 October 2024. <a href="https://www.engadget.com/2015/05/14/facebook-internet-org-malawi" target="_blank">https://www.engadget.com/2015/05/14/facebook-internet-org-malawi</a> <a href="#fnref:75" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:76">"UrduPoint.com on Internet.org". www.urdupoint.com. <a href="http://www.urdupoint.com/internet.org/" target="_blank">http://www.urdupoint.com/internet.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:76" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:77">"انٹرنیٹ Archives - Hazara News". Hazara News. <a href="http://www.hazaranews.com/archives/category/internet" target="_blank">http://www.hazaranews.com/archives/category/internet</a> <a href="#fnref:77" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:78">"Zong Facebook Freebasics". www.zong.com.pk. Archived from the original on 2016-04-09. Retrieved 2016-03-26. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160409034613/https://www.zong.com.pk/value-added-services/mobile-internet/internet-packages/facebook-freebasics" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160409034613/https://www.zong.com.pk/value-added-services/mobile-internet/internet-packages/facebook-freebasics</a> <a href="#fnref:78" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:79">"Zong Launches Free Basics (Internet.org) in Pakistan". ProPakistani (Press release). December 16, 2015. Retrieved 2016-03-26. <a href="http://propakistani.pk/2015/12/16/zong-launches-free-basics-internet-org-in-pakistan/" target="_blank">http://propakistani.pk/2015/12/16/zong-launches-free-basics-internet-org-in-pakistan/</a> <a href="#fnref:79" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:80">Chaboi, Zulfiqar (2015-12-16). "Zong to provide Free internet via Free Basics (Internet.org)". Hotchpotch Post. Retrieved 2016-12-18. <a href="http://www.hotchpotchpost.com/zong-to-provide-free-internet-via-free-basics-internet-org/" target="_blank">http://www.hotchpotchpost.com/zong-to-provide-free-internet-via-free-basics-internet-org/</a> <a href="#fnref:80" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:81">Mutegi, Lilian (5 June 2015). "Senegal: Facebook, Tigo Partner to Bring Internet.org to Senegal". AllAfrica / CIO East Africa. Nairobi. Retrieved 2015-06-09. <a href="http://allafrica.com/stories/201506080418.html" target="_blank">http://allafrica.com/stories/201506080418.html</a> <a href="#fnref:81" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:82">Chambi, Fabiola (19 June 2015). "Bolivia ya forma parte de Internet.org de Facebook". Los Tiempos (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2015-06-20. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150620045136/http://www.lostiempos.com/diario/actualidad/vida-y-futuro/20150618/bolivia-ya-forma-parte-de-internetorg-de-facebook_305556_675579.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20150620045136/http://www.lostiempos.com/diario/actualidad/vida-y-futuro/20150618/bolivia-ya-forma-parte-de-internetorg-de-facebook_305556_675579.html</a> <a href="#fnref:82" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:83">"CellPhone Contracts, Prepaid & Data – Cell C". www.cellc.co.za. <a href="https://www.cellc.co.za/explore/services/internetorg" target="_blank">https://www.cellc.co.za/explore/services/internetorg</a> <a href="#fnref:83" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:84">"CellPhone Contracts, Prepaid & Data – Cell C". www.cellc.co.za. <a href="https://www.cellc.co.za/explore/services/internetorg" target="_blank">https://www.cellc.co.za/explore/services/internetorg</a> <a href="#fnref:84" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:85">Statt, Nick (30 December 2015). "Facebook's free internet service has been shut down in Egypt". The Verge. Associated Press. <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2015/12/30/10690714/faceboo-free-basics-internet-service-shut-down-egypt" target="_blank">https://www.theverge.com/2015/12/30/10690714/faceboo-free-basics-internet-service-shut-down-egypt</a> <a href="#fnref:85" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:86">Shu, Catherine (31 December 2015). "Facebook's Controversial Free Basics Program Shuts Down In Egypt". TechCrunch. <a href="https://techcrunch.com/2015/12/31/facebooks-controversial-free-basics-program-shuts-down-in-egypt/" target="_blank">https://techcrunch.com/2015/12/31/facebooks-controversial-free-basics-program-shuts-down-in-egypt/</a> <a href="#fnref:86" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:87">"Exclusive: Egypt blocked Facebook Internet service over surveillance – sources". Reuters. April 1, 2016. <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-facebook-egypt-idUSKCN0WY3JZ" target="_blank">https://www.reuters.com/article/us-facebook-egypt-idUSKCN0WY3JZ</a> <a href="#fnref:87" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:88">"Free Basics". Korek Telecom. Archived from the original on 2016-01-04. Retrieved 2015-12-29. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160104092020/http://www.korektel.com/services/data-offers/freebasics-com" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160104092020/http://www.korektel.com/services/data-offers/freebasics-com</a> <a href="#fnref:88" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:89">"Bienvenue sur la page foire aux questions". bip.mg (in French). 2016-06-26. Archived from the original on 2016-07-02. Retrieved 2016-06-26. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160702183933/http://www.bip.mg/#couverture" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160702183933/http://www.bip.mg/#couverture</a> <a href="#fnref:89" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:90">"Bienvenue sur la page foire aux questions". bip.mg (in French). 2016-06-26. Archived from the original on 2016-07-02. Retrieved 2016-06-26. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160702183933/http://www.bip.mg/#couverture" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160702183933/http://www.bip.mg/#couverture</a> <a href="#fnref:90" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:91">Ajah, Michael (February 22, 2017). "Etisalat Now Allows Subscribers To Use Free Basics". NaijaTechGuy. Retrieved 2018-12-13. <a href="https://www.naijatechguy.com/2017/02/etisalat-now-allows-subscribers-to-use.html" target="_blank">https://www.naijatechguy.com/2017/02/etisalat-now-allows-subscribers-to-use.html</a> <a href="#fnref:91" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:92">"life:) открыл бесплатный доступ к TUT.BY и Facebook". tut.by (in Russian). 2017-04-13. Archived from the original on 2017-05-16. Retrieved 2017-04-13. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170516162634/https://42.tut.by/538546" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170516162634/https://42.tut.by/538546</a> <a href="#fnref:92" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:93">"life:) открывает бесплатный доступ к Facebook и TUT.BY для своих абонентов". life.com.by (in Russian). 2017-04-13. Retrieved 2017-09-18. <a href="https://life.com.by/private/news/view/life_otkryivaet_besplatnyiy_dostup_k_facebook_i_tutby_dlya_svoih_abonentov" target="_blank">https://life.com.by/private/news/view/life_otkryivaet_besplatnyiy_dostup_k_facebook_i_tutby_dlya_svoih_abonentov</a> <a href="#fnref:93" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:94">Elgan, Mike (August 21, 2013). "Facebook and Google: "We're Going to Need a Bigger Internet"". Datamation. Retrieved January 15, 2014. <a href="http://www.datamation.com/mobile-wireless/facebook-and-google-we-need-a-bigger-internet.html" target="_blank">http://www.datamation.com/mobile-wireless/facebook-and-google-we-need-a-bigger-internet.html</a> <a href="#fnref:94" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:95">Edwards, Luke (March 27, 2015). "The internet space race is on: Google Loon vs Facebook drones vs SpaceX satellites". Pocket Lint. Retrieved April 20, 2015. <a href="https://www.pocket-lint.com/news/131699-the-internet-space-race-is-on-google-loon-vs-facebook-drones-vs-spacex-satellites" target="_blank">https://www.pocket-lint.com/news/131699-the-internet-space-race-is-on-google-loon-vs-facebook-drones-vs-spacex-satellites</a> <a href="#fnref:95" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:96">O'Brien, Chris (March 5, 2015). "In the race between Google and Facebook over global connectivity, everyone is winning". VentureBeat. Retrieved April 20, 2015. <a href="https://venturebeat.com/2015/03/05/in-the-race-between-google-and-facebook-over-global-connectivity-everyone-is-winning/" target="_blank">https://venturebeat.com/2015/03/05/in-the-race-between-google-and-facebook-over-global-connectivity-everyone-is-winning/</a> <a href="#fnref:96" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:97">Elgan, Mike (December 6, 2014). "Why Google and Facebook need balloons, drones and rockets". Computerworld. Retrieved April 20, 2014. <a href="http://www.computerworld.com/article/2855979/why-google-and-facebook-need-balloons-drones-and-rockets.html" target="_blank">http://www.computerworld.com/article/2855979/why-google-and-facebook-need-balloons-drones-and-rockets.html</a> <a href="#fnref:97" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:98">Edwards, Luke (March 27, 2015). "The internet space race is on: Google Loon vs Facebook drones vs SpaceX satellites". Pocket Lint. Retrieved April 20, 2015. <a href="https://www.pocket-lint.com/news/131699-the-internet-space-race-is-on-google-loon-vs-facebook-drones-vs-spacex-satellites" target="_blank">https://www.pocket-lint.com/news/131699-the-internet-space-race-is-on-google-loon-vs-facebook-drones-vs-spacex-satellites</a> <a href="#fnref:98" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:99">Miners, Zach (March 29, 2014). "Why Zuckerberg prefers drones to Google's balloons". International Data Group. <a href="https://www.networkworld.com/article/685767/data-center-why-zuckerberg-prefers-drones-to-google-39-s-balloons.html" target="_blank">https://www.networkworld.com/article/685767/data-center-why-zuckerberg-prefers-drones-to-google-39-s-balloons.html</a> <a href="#fnref:99" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:100">Talbot, David (December 17, 2013). "Facebook's Two Faces". Technology Review. Retrieved January 8, 2014. <a href="/wiki/David_Talbot" target="_blank">/wiki/David_Talbot</a> <a href="#fnref:100" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:101">Andersen, Maria (Aug 29, 2014). "Is Facebook Zero the Future of Public Internet Access". ICT Works. <a href="http://www.ictworks.org/2014/08/29/is-facebook-zero-the-future-of-public-internet-access/" target="_blank">http://www.ictworks.org/2014/08/29/is-facebook-zero-the-future-of-public-internet-access/</a> <a href="#fnref:101" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:102">"ICT Works". Resource for sharing and expanding knowledge on appropriate information and communication technologies (ICT) and the implementation processes that can make them sustainable in rural and underserved communities across the developing world <a href="http://www.ictworks.org/about/" target="_blank">http://www.ictworks.org/about/</a> <a href="#fnref:102" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:103">Leo Mirani (9 Feb 2015). "Millions of Facebook users have no idea they're using the internet". <a href="http://qz.com/333313/milliions-of-facebook-users-have-no-idea-theyre-using-the-internet/" target="_blank">http://qz.com/333313/milliions-of-facebook-users-have-no-idea-theyre-using-the-internet/</a> <a href="#fnref:103" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Internet.org open-in-new

Internet.org