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July 1
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<h2 id="events">Events</h2> <h3>Pre-1600</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/AD_69/LTppNheI">69</a> – <a href="/facts/Tiberius_Julius_Alexander/nmPMDpD8">Tiberius Julius Alexander</a> orders his <a href="/facts/Roman_legion/qdmdg3Vb">Roman legions</a> in <a href="/facts/Alexandria/hdg1twWA">Alexandria</a> to swear <a href="/facts/Allegiance/Ya0Xo5Dj">allegiance</a> to <a href="/facts/Vespasian/cCRJILyw">Vespasian</a> as <a href="/facts/Roman_emperor/sT4nFc67">Emperor</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/552/qvqv7NTD">552</a> – <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Taginae/PzWW1Y46">Battle of Taginae</a>: <a href="/facts/Byzantine_Empire/njEELXWF">Byzantine</a> forces under <a href="/facts/Narses/CAEAbRzL">Narses</a> defeat the <a href="/facts/Ostrogoths/TNIcLIN5">Ostrogoths</a> in Italy, and the Ostrogoth king, <a href="/facts/Totila/kqhAu9Jz">Totila</a>, is mortally wounded.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1097/3m4lkA6U">1097</a> – <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Dorylaeum_(1097)/dRHs4RWG">Battle of Dorylaeum</a>: <a href="/facts/Crusaders/mblv9nwI">Crusaders</a> led by prince <a href="/facts/Bohemond_I_of_Antioch/WMUYD8JJ">Bohemond of Taranto</a> defeat a <a href="/facts/Seljuk_Turks/68M4ryan">Seljuk</a> army led by sultan <a href="/facts/Kilij_Arslan_I/QEnHD2d0">Kilij Arslan I</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1431/A4x4kEJ9">1431</a> – The <a href="/facts/Battle_of_La_Higueruela/VRXsXf4V">Battle of La Higueruela</a> takes place in <a href="/facts/Granada/S9BNeGR8">Granada</a>, leading to a modest advance of the <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Castile/eA28464s">Kingdom of Castile</a> during the <a href="/facts/Reconquista/N1yFfeWf">Reconquista</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1520/pBrQmX7c">1520</a> – Spanish <a href="/facts/Conquistador/sMtnRqCf">conquistadors</a> led by <a href="/facts/Hern%25C3%25A1n_Cort%25C3%25A9s/fE9mIdW1">Hernán Cortés</a> <a href="/facts/La_Noche_Triste/QNBG4RaS">fight their way</a> out of <a href="/facts/Tenochtitlan/aGEKwuHS">Tenochtitlan</a> after nightfall.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1523/l1eRkbFp">1523</a> – <a href="/facts/Jan_van_Essen_and_Hendrik_Vos/IKm4e86y">Jan van Essen and Hendrik Vos</a> become the first <a href="/facts/Lutheran/L4pMlRcS">Lutheran</a> martyrs, burned at the stake by <a href="/facts/Roman_Catholic/rJ4F4gqH">Roman Catholic</a> authorities in <a href="/facts/Brussels/tNzHrQYP">Brussels</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1569/YFA7T21x">1569</a> – <a href="/facts/Union_of_Lublin/mvur9WtP">Union of Lublin</a>: The Kingdom of Poland and the <a href="/facts/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania/9czbKcfs">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a> confirm a <a href="/facts/Real_union/FhXBVckt">real union</a>; the united country is called the <a href="/facts/Polish%25E2%2580%2593Lithuanian_Commonwealth/Tt0zAlQD">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> or the Republic of Both Nations.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>1601–1900</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/1643/umYvV0GT">1643</a> – First meeting of the <a href="/facts/Westminster_Assembly/jWxPLRmM">Westminster Assembly</a>, a council of theologians ("divines") and members of the <a href="/facts/Parliament_of_England/y4aNV9gj">Parliament of England</a> appointed to restructure the <a href="/facts/Church_of_England/A1CoKeGz">Church of England</a>, at <a href="/facts/Westminster_Abbey/txMva2Xf">Westminster Abbey</a> in London.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1690/3VMS68Td">1690</a> – <a href="/facts/War_of_the_Grand_Alliance/6KHPFqaF">War of the Grand Alliance</a>: <a href="/facts/Fran%25C3%25A7ois-Henri_de_Montmorency%2c_duc_de_Luxembourg/4IWSvCdX">Marshal de Luxembourg</a> triumphs over an Anglo-Dutch army at the <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Fleurus_(1690)/fxoKkXTz">battle of Fleurus</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1690/3VMS68Td">1690</a> – <a href="/facts/Glorious_Revolution/R2r13My4">Glorious Revolution</a>: <a href="/facts/Battle_of_the_Boyne/0oQpkzRq">Battle of the Boyne</a> in Ireland (as reckoned under the <a href="/facts/Julian_calendar/EQBtA1ML">Julian calendar</a>).</li> <li><a href="/facts/1766/foehIU48">1766</a> – <a href="/facts/Fran%25C3%25A7ois-Jean_de_la_Barre/W3xCGI8t">François-Jean de la Barre</a>, a young French nobleman, is tortured and beheaded before his body is burnt on a <a href="/facts/Pyre/rvRJW5Dg">pyre</a> along with a copy of <a href="/facts/Voltaire/h2pyULrC">Voltaire</a>'s <i><a href="/facts/Dictionnaire_philosophique/YDKIhKmh">Dictionnaire philosophique</a></i> nailed to his torso for the crime of not saluting a <a href="/facts/Roman_Catholic/rJ4F4gqH">Roman Catholic</a> religious procession in <a href="/facts/Abbeville/VJeFXKNU">Abbeville</a>, France.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1770/kzzp0k3d">1770</a> – <a href="/facts/Lexell%2527s_Comet/SlN2816u">Lexell's Comet</a> is seen closer to the Earth than any other comet in recorded history, approaching to a distance of 0.0146 <a href="/facts/Astronomical_unit/gjsbu5xU">astronomical units</a> (2,180,000 km; 1,360,000 mi).</li> <li><a href="/facts/1782/rCE7RQcG">1782</a> – <a href="/facts/Raid_on_Lunenburg%2c_Nova_Scotia_(1782)/K9JSFfMk">Raid on Lunenburg</a>: American <a href="/facts/Privateer/PfeEkF2p">privateers</a> attack the British settlement of <a href="/facts/Lunenburg%2c_Nova_Scotia/kLywt6g7">Lunenburg, Nova Scotia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1819/H4JYLWFl">1819</a> – <a href="/facts/Johann_Georg_Tralles/yGe8cKjg">Johann Georg Tralles</a> discovers the <a href="/facts/Great_Comet_of_1819/2b5p3hJv">Great Comet of 1819</a>, (C/1819 N1). It is the first comet analyzed using <a href="/facts/Polarimetry/Iu2Qg3Sb">polarimetry</a>, by <a href="/facts/Fran%25C3%25A7ois_Arago/IATC1SNF">François Arago</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1823/jrk4eX9n">1823</a> – The five Central American nations of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica declare independence from the <a href="/facts/First_Mexican_Empire/GWy12Axr">First Mexican Empire</a> after being <a href="/facts/Central_America_under_Mexican_rule/UM9yGtM2">annexed</a> the year prior.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1837/IfxtxA4W">1837</a> – A system of <a href="/facts/Civil_registration/jFzFTbqV">civil registration</a> of births, marriages and deaths is established in England and Wales.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1841/lguRyJWD">1841</a> – <a href="/facts/Thomas_Lempriere/KxtR2mya">Thomas Lempriere</a> and <a href="/facts/James_Clark_Ross/oybMx7Yd">James Clark Ross</a> carve a marker on the <a href="/facts/Isle_of_the_Dead_(Tasmania)/Vkz4bRa0">Isle of the Dead</a> in <a href="/facts/Van_Diemen%2527s_Land/IXcM6oRz">Van Diemen's Land</a> to measure tidal variations, one of the earliest surviving benchmarks for <a href="/facts/Sea_level_rise/Pb5MGJxb">sea level rise</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1855/zEA3P7fK">1855</a> – Signing of the <a href="/facts/Quinault_Treaty/TLwyc2la">Quinault Treaty</a>: The <a href="/facts/Quinault_people/2TrRRN20">Quinault</a> and the <a href="/facts/Quileute/mDPJglIq">Quileute</a> cede their land to the United States.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1858/aj3BJQlx">1858</a> – Joint reading of <a href="/facts/Charles_Darwin/uwDLGItY">Charles Darwin</a> and <a href="/facts/Alfred_Russel_Wallace/bMvvalao">Alfred Russel Wallace</a>'s papers on <a href="/facts/Evolution/qE5amP6a">evolution</a> to the <a href="/facts/Linnean_Society_of_London/fqoxNBjx">Linnean Society of London</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1862/wLde0GHd">1862</a> – The <a href="/facts/Russian_State_Library/QoDmpLWB">Russian State Library</a> is founded as the Library of the Moscow Public Museum.</li> <li>1862 – <a href="/facts/Princess_Alice_of_the_United_Kingdom/7zRVeRJ1">Princess Alice of the United Kingdom</a>, second daughter of Queen Victoria, marries Prince Louis of Hesse, the future <a href="/facts/Louis_IV%2c_Grand_Duke_of_Hesse/CfRYCnSh">Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse</a>.</li> <li>1862 – <a href="/facts/American_Civil_War/A9FT3ksD">American Civil War</a>: The <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Malvern_Hill/1frA06L8">Battle of Malvern Hill</a> takes place. It is the last of the <a href="/facts/Seven_Days_Battles/eKNWQ6wy">Seven Days Battles</a>, part of <a href="/facts/George_B._McClellan/EEJnBvgg">George B. McClellan</a>'s <a href="/facts/Peninsula_Campaign/YRsPyFnq">Peninsula Campaign</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1863/boxyWlLF">1863</a> – Slavery was abolished in the Dutch colony of <a href="/facts/Surinam_(Dutch_colony)/LlakTUxL">Surinam</a>, a date now celebrated as <a href="/facts/Ketikoti/C3KytcUK">Ketikoti</a> in independent <a href="/facts/Suriname/zjwRFBPL">Suriname</a>.</li> <li>1863 – American Civil War: The <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Gettysburg/wx9evLcK">Battle of Gettysburg</a> begins.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1867/6yA43tmb">1867</a> – The <a href="/facts/Constitution_Act%2c_1867/YAdAcQEQ"><i>British North America Act</i></a> takes effect as the <a href="/facts/Province_of_Canada/q7z1RL2V">Province of Canada</a>, <a href="/facts/New_Brunswick/SLTqCmM2">New Brunswick</a>, and <a href="/facts/Nova_Scotia/RcmIvd1A">Nova Scotia</a> <a href="/facts/Canadian_Confederation/1tC7aAD2">join into confederation</a> to create the modern nation of Canada. <a href="/facts/John_A._Macdonald/eCDMWBPM">John A. Macdonald</a> is sworn in as the first <a href="/facts/Prime_Minister_of_Canada/XhKW7uSD">Prime Minister of Canada</a>. This date is commemorated annually in Canada as <a href="/facts/Canada_Day/SulEpWA7">Canada Day</a>, a national holiday.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1870/gpkRncsy">1870</a> – The <a href="/facts/United_States_Department_of_Justice/2SuTuevo">United States Department of Justice</a> formally comes into existence.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1873/CJ5Hegm0">1873</a> – <a href="/facts/Prince_Edward_Island/lgY4nUa2">Prince Edward Island</a> joins into <a href="/facts/Canadian_Confederation/1tC7aAD2">Canadian Confederation</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1874/GbknNJo8">1874</a> – The <a href="/facts/Sholes_and_Glidden_typewriter/R2gdVUPs">Sholes and Glidden typewriter</a>, the first commercially successful <a href="/facts/Typewriter/CHE43FWP">typewriter</a>, goes on sale.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1878/rnlYq7CQ">1878</a> – Canada joins the <a href="/facts/Universal_Postal_Union/s2MMptUx">Universal Postal Union</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1879/f5X2q52U">1879</a> – <a href="/facts/Charles_Taze_Russell/g054Fo3o">Charles Taze Russell</a> publishes the first edition of the religious magazine <i><a href="/facts/The_Watchtower/yWpl02Y8">The Watchtower</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1881/s9tMgWvd">1881</a> – The world's first international <a href="/facts/Telephone_call/4wUtUXpY">telephone call</a> is made between <a href="/facts/St._Stephen%2c_New_Brunswick/J29SgC39">St. Stephen, New Brunswick</a>, Canada, and <a href="/facts/Calais%2c_Maine/00K7PW0M">Calais, Maine</a>, United States.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a></li> <li>1881 – General Order 70, the culmination of the <a href="/facts/Cardwell_Reforms/eXomKpgF">Cardwell</a> and <a href="/facts/Childers_Reforms/bLS5qLxM">Childers</a> reforms of the <a href="/facts/British_Army/StuY9Jy2">British Army</a>, comes into effect.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1885/0f7HxjrW">1885</a> – The United States terminates <a href="/facts/Reciprocity_(Canadian_politics)/jrLRqJWP">reciprocity</a> and <a href="/facts/Fishery/TBvcT9bB">fishery</a> agreement with Canada.</li> <li>1885 – The <a href="/facts/Congo_Free_State/mCy6kzM6">Congo Free State</a> is established by King <a href="/facts/Leopold_II_of_Belgium/eSC0yoVk">Leopold II of Belgium</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1890/v0MY7EwC">1890</a> – Canada and <a href="/facts/Bermuda/dYgp0TF4">Bermuda</a> are linked by <a href="/facts/Telegraphy/JhRYDSDu">telegraph</a> cable.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1898/22NQXEjQ">1898</a> – <a href="/facts/Spanish%25E2%2580%2593American_War/ScKbBPAv">Spanish–American War</a>: The <a href="/facts/Battle_of_San_Juan_Hill/W9kemWd1">Battle of San Juan Hill</a> is fought in <a href="/facts/Santiago_de_Cuba/ooTv2TmJ">Santiago de Cuba</a>, <a href="/facts/Cuba/vHjTXLPW">Cuba</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>1901–present</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/1901/Tf0A3lMq">1901</a> – French government enacts its anti-clerical legislation <i>Law of Association</i> prohibiting the formation of new monastic orders without governmental approval.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1903/3EXlvpmh">1903</a> – Start of <a href="/facts/1903_Tour_de_France/WqRpDRfL">first Tour de France</a> bicycle race.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1908/y2Yvla5J">1908</a> – <a href="/facts/SOS/q6uYE9W7">SOS</a> is adopted as the international <a href="/facts/Distress_signal/uME47xe9">distress signal</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1911/f6cCDfr8">1911</a> – Germany dispatches the gunboat <a href="/facts/SMS_Panther_(1901)/6MSBhNvs">SMS <i>Panther</i></a> to Morocco, sparking the <a href="/facts/Agadir_Crisis/DyuPRIPz">Agadir Crisis</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1915/slMK9ba3">1915</a> – <i><a href="/facts/Leutnant/UXdjvcA3">Leutnant</a></i> <a href="/facts/Kurt_Wintgens/HsJ877SM">Kurt Wintgens</a> of the then-named German <a href="/facts/German_Army_(German_Empire)/23PWtXgP"><i>Deutsches Heer's</i></a> <a href="/facts/Luftstreitkr%25C3%25A4fte/YjYj5oMB"><i>Fliegertruppe</i></a> army air service achieves <a href="/facts/Kurt_Wintgens/HsJ877SM">the first known aerial victory</a> with a <a href="/facts/Synchronization_gear/NwpWDPW2">synchronized machine-gun</a> armed fighter plane, the <a href="/facts/Fokker_E.I/XkE447go">Fokker M.5K/MG</a> <i>Eindecker</i>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1916/Vfq2LjJ1">1916</a> – <a href="/facts/World_War_I/vITTUanQ">World War I</a>: <a href="/facts/First_day_on_the_Somme/aTyQ617j">First day on the Somme</a>: On the first day of the <a href="/facts/Battle_of_the_Somme/rdoFxbAM">Battle of the Somme</a> 19,000 soldiers of the <a href="/facts/British_Army/StuY9Jy2">British Army</a> are killed and 40,000 wounded.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1917/f4XunIGQ">1917</a> – <a href="/facts/World_War_I/vITTUanQ">World War I</a>: Russia launches <a href="/facts/Kerensky_offensive/01gpIFUB">an offensive</a> against <a href="/facts/Austria-Hungary/9WPUPj0W">Austria-Hungary</a> to capture <a href="/facts/Galicia_(Eastern_Europe)/w86clwoq">Galicia</a>, its final offensive of the war.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1917/f4XunIGQ">1917</a> – Chinese General <a href="/facts/Zhang_Xun/yyT8V3IC">Zhang Xun</a> seizes control of <a href="/facts/Beijing/Bg4puFBv">Beijing</a> and <a href="/facts/Manchu_Restoration/jAJTyz9w">restores the monarchy</a>, installing <a href="/facts/Puyi/FIxMNgoI">Puyi</a>, last emperor of the <a href="/facts/Qing_dynasty/5j6r4p5m">Qing dynasty</a>, to the throne. The restoration is reversed just shy of two weeks later, when <a href="/facts/Republic_of_China_(1912%25E2%2580%25931949)/NgEhkXWz">Republican</a> troops regain control of the capital.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1921/7abkb6mF">1921</a> – The <a href="/facts/Chinese_Communist_Party/MwS3Togt">Chinese Communist Party</a> is founded by <a href="/facts/Chen_Duxiu/5caLJjhv">Chen Duxiu</a> and <a href="/facts/Li_Dazhao/PWLvVGrE">Li Dazhao</a>, with the help of the Far Eastern Bureau of the <a href="/facts/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union/1PFHfjJE">Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks)</a>, who seized power in Russia after the 1917 October Revolution, and the Far Eastern Secretariat of the Communist International.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1922/AFrJQ34X">1922</a> – The <a href="/facts/Great_Railroad_Strike_of_1922/T6uRkKtE">Great Railroad Strike of 1922</a> begins in the United States.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1923/yARB7QmW">1923</a> – The <a href="/facts/Parliament_of_Canada/4YQfaTxt">Parliament of Canada</a> suspends all <a href="/facts/History_of_Chinese_immigration_to_Canada/AnARqdnc">Chinese immigration</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1924/lArFYWHI">1924</a> – The <a href="/facts/National_War_Memorial_(Newfoundland)/KL16nhxB">National War Memorial</a> for the <a href="/facts/Dominion_of_Newfoundland/pw3QNmII">Dominion of Newfoundland</a> was inaugurated by <a href="/facts/Field_Marshall/3GCmgHQ8">Field Marshall</a> <a href="/facts/Douglas_Haig%2c_1st_Earl_Haig/06DWuJey">Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig</a> in <a href="/facts/St._John%2527s%2c_Newfoundland/D7HoujDF">St. John's, Newfoundland</a>. The date commemorates the first day of the <a href="/facts/Battle_of_the_Somme/rdoFxbAM">Battle of the Somme</a>, where at <a href="/facts/Beaumont-Hamel_Newfoundland_Memorial/PTqCH7f7">Beaumont-Hamel</a>, 86 percent of the <a href="/facts/Royal_Newfoundland_Regiment/4M82hDtY">Royal Newfoundland Regiment</a> was wiped out.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1931/JK9FEYxa">1931</a> – <a href="/facts/United_Airlines/0tCTdbNh">United Airlines</a> begins service (as Boeing Air Transport).</li> <li>1931 – <a href="/facts/Wiley_Post/HC0vMBDb">Wiley Post</a> and <a href="/facts/Harold_Gatty/FhTt2D1N">Harold Gatty</a> become the first people to circumnavigate the globe in a <a href="/facts/Lockheed_Vega/ATMYeSVj">single-engined monoplane</a> aircraft.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1932/XlUMqV5p">1932</a> – Australia's national broadcaster, the <a href="/facts/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation/9AYG0XA4">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a>, was formed.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1935/cgLN91AJ">1935</a> – <a href="/facts/Regina%2c_Saskatchewan/zJHvyFEa">Regina, Saskatchewan</a>, police and <a href="/facts/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police/yUUrtrGr">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a> ambush strikers participating in the <a href="/facts/On-to-Ottawa_Trek/IwCSTtmk">On-to-Ottawa Trek</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1942/Hv8rLssG">1942</a> – <a href="/facts/World_War_II/2efV5L1U">World War II</a>: start of the <a href="/facts/First_Battle_of_El_Alamein/6yU4EaJp">First Battle of El Alamein</a>.</li> <li>1942 – The <a href="/facts/Australian_Federal_Government/UAFhWff0">Australian Federal Government</a> becomes the sole collector of <a href="/facts/Income_tax_in_Australia/C7ESfRWH">income tax in Australia</a> as State Income Tax is abolished.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1943/3DdRsjrn">1943</a> – The <a href="/facts/Tokyo_City/EuU5yk0c">City of Tokyo</a> and the <a href="/facts/Tokyo_Prefecture/LttKYU40">Prefecture of Tokyo</a> are both replaced by the Tokyo Metropolis.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1946/BnTf4qUs">1946</a> – <a href="/facts/Operation_Crossroads/tGWLh14I">Crossroads Able</a> is the first postwar nuclear weapon test.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1947/Wy1AYbDz">1947</a> – The <a href="/facts/Philippine_Air_Force/sdASxaGz">Philippine Air Force</a> is established.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1948/8PpY1FY5">1948</a> – <a href="/facts/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah/CCxlj4CJ">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a> (Quaid-i-Azam) inaugurates Pakistan's <a href="/facts/Central_bank/5j5xg3s2">central bank</a>, the <a href="/facts/State_Bank_of_Pakistan/KHtUelND">State Bank of Pakistan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1949/25neuEUm">1949</a> – The merger of two princely states of India, <a href="/facts/Cochin/45FN14Cf">Cochin</a> and <a href="/facts/Travancore/7RRoKgwf">Travancore</a>, into the state of <a href="/facts/Thiru-Kochi/u9jbnt4t">Thiru-Kochi</a> (later re-organized as <a href="/facts/Kerala/DMP5u40q">Kerala</a>) in the Indian Union ends more than 1,000 years of princely rule by the <a href="/facts/Cochin_royal_family/2Hwj4lBB">Cochin royal family</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1957/6Aeq0xSI">1957</a> – The <a href="/facts/International_Geophysical_Year/m2HSX6Y6">International Geophysical Year</a> begins.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1958/hMBPu5oV">1958</a> – The <a href="/facts/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation/xBHaMb9R">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a> links <a href="/facts/Television/X4YG5nT1">television</a> broadcasting across Canada via <a href="/facts/Microwave/HmVSN31Y">microwave</a>.</li> <li>1958 – Flooding of Canada's <a href="/facts/Saint_Lawrence_Seaway/bVP7lw6V">Saint Lawrence Seaway</a> begins.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1959/3NCLPH6G">1959</a> – Specific values for the international <a href="/facts/Yard/ddkwJz1q">yard</a>, <a href="/facts/Avoirdupois_pound/BNIGRRDI">avoirdupois pound</a> and derived units (e.g. inch, mile and <a href="/facts/Ounce/WWf5WqdD">ounce</a>) are adopted after <a href="/facts/International_yard_and_pound/awSvK9or">agreement</a> between the US, the United Kingdom and other <a href="/facts/Commonwealth_of_Nations/TcIRQnNq">Commonwealth</a> countries.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1960/H5oTKVEk">1960</a> – The <a href="/facts/Trust_Territory_of_Somaliland/22DF4e4s">Trust Territory of Somaliland</a> (the former <a href="/facts/Italian_Somaliland/lYyjaCSv">Italian Somaliland</a>) gains its independence from Italy. Concurrently, it unites as scheduled with the five-day-old <a href="/facts/State_of_Somaliland/gUaoqPlr">State of Somaliland</a> (the former <a href="/facts/British_Somaliland/0SF1Mloy">British Somaliland</a>) to form the <a href="/facts/Somali_Republic/6zLvvHe9">Somali Republic</a>.</li> <li>1960 – <a href="/facts/Ghana/IkUw32Ya">Ghana</a> becomes a <a href="/facts/Republic/vc8D2pA8">republic</a> and <a href="/facts/Kwame_Nkrumah/cDq1JGd9">Kwame Nkrumah</a> becomes its first <a href="/facts/President_of_Ghana/jS4ERvb7">President</a> as Queen <a href="/facts/Elizabeth_II/os6eB47B">Elizabeth II</a> ceases to be its <a href="/facts/Head_of_state/U2QzdE4a">head of state</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1962/l6s31Ap3">1962</a> – Independence of <a href="/facts/Rwanda/UKR5UdKy">Rwanda</a> and <a href="/facts/Burundi/GTNtpIra">Burundi</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1963/IAgXNXRm">1963</a> – <a href="/facts/ZIP_code/PHtdY0d4">ZIP codes</a> are introduced for <a href="/facts/United_States_Postal_Service/1Je8qAHF">United States mail</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></li> <li>1963 – The British Government admits that former diplomat <a href="/facts/Kim_Philby/QG5JP9kC">Kim Philby</a> had worked as a <a href="/facts/Soviet_Union/m7wWsPto">Soviet</a> <a href="/facts/Espionage/oaDJ5fAd">agent</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1966/6ET4QfEl">1966</a> – The first <a href="/facts/Color_television/Un5dDuF7">color television</a> transmission in Canada takes place from Toronto.</li> <li>1966 – The <a href="/facts/People%2527s_Liberation_Army_Rocket_Force/qUJP5S5V">People's Liberation Army Rocket Force</a> (The known as the 2nd Artillery Corps) is founded.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1967/dmIuJ9Qy">1967</a> – <a href="/facts/Merger_Treaty/SIL1ozkA">Merger Treaty</a>: The <a href="/facts/European_Community/tx2V9KAQ">European Community</a> is formally created out of a merger between the <a href="/facts/Common_Market/RV2Fxnc9">Common Market</a>, the <a href="/facts/European_Coal_and_Steel_Community/SgBH2f72">European Coal and Steel Community</a>, and the <a href="/facts/Euratom/tYFVyafy">European Atomic Energy Commission</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1968/KPacXbuQ">1968</a> – The United States <a href="/facts/Central_Intelligence_Agency/U7urmQYL">Central Intelligence Agency</a>'s <a href="/facts/Phoenix_Program/bUhaQzXr">Phoenix Program</a> is officially established.</li> <li>1968 – The <a href="/facts/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons/yE0ekVtm">Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons</a> is signed in <a href="/facts/Washington%2c_D.C./enXPK156">Washington, D.C.</a>, <a href="/facts/London/KozCCsy9">London</a> and <a href="/facts/Moscow/AcFYpQUR">Moscow</a> by sixty-two countries.</li> <li>1968 – Formal separation of the <a href="/facts/United_Auto_Workers/VjJKGzj0">United Auto Workers</a> from the <a href="/facts/AFL%25E2%2580%2593CIO/t8AFyWMH">AFL–CIO</a> in the United States.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1972/PDtUApJJ">1972</a> – The first <a href="/facts/Gay_pride/jrlXXFHH">Gay pride</a> march in <a href="/facts/Pride_London/60hPcxLg">England</a> takes place.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1976/78RFM9Xk">1976</a> – Portugal grants autonomy to <a href="/facts/Madeira/HRlYxvhe">Madeira</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1978/0yIlakn7">1978</a> – The <a href="/facts/Northern_Territory/5BFWuuyv">Northern Territory</a> in Australia is granted self-government.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1979/V4o6YhYF">1979</a> – <a href="/facts/Sony/7x4tCtBd">Sony</a> introduces the <a href="/facts/Walkman/psCPm0zv">Walkman</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1980/LlDU6MAx">1980</a> – "<a href="/facts/O_Canada/Yfd2U10R">O Canada</a>" officially becomes the <a href="/facts/National_anthem/H2L6cPAT">national anthem</a> of Canada.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1983/Hh9D0QTA">1983</a> – A <a href="/facts/North_Korea/Q41laakP">North Korean</a> <a href="/facts/Ilyushin_Il-62/wsW2kmxA">Ilyushin Il-62M</a> jet en route to <a href="/facts/Conakry_Airport/mPgyHLms">Conakry Airport</a> in <a href="/facts/Guinea/MaBu4ysQ">Guinea</a> <a href="/facts/1983_CAAK_Ilyushin_Il-62_crash/SdVVsojX">crashes</a> into the <a href="/facts/Fouta_Djallon/rKfbFpgp">Fouta Djallon</a> mountains in <a href="/facts/Guinea-Bissau/YqJjM4Ex">Guinea-Bissau</a>, killing all 23 people on board.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1983/Hh9D0QTA">1983</a> – The <a href="/facts/Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)/2v0AEkrt">Ministry of State Security</a> is established as China's principal <a href="/facts/Intelligence_agency/r3kDlaeD">intelligence agency</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1984/JqqEX46m">1984</a> – The <a href="/facts/Motion_Picture_Association_film_rating_system/18ScNqTj">PG-13</a> rating is introduced by the <a href="/facts/Motion_Picture_Association/QHz4RQIN">MPAA</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1987/pThGJW7B">1987</a> – The American radio station <a href="/facts/WFAN_(AM)/HhTjHImM">WFAN</a> in New York City is launched as the world's first <a href="/facts/Sports_radio/aItE110k">all-sports radio</a> station.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1990/ySbaqvwp">1990</a> – <a href="/facts/German_reunification/1c7F6WoR">German reunification</a>: <a href="/facts/East_Germany/PwI902Q6">East Germany</a> accepts the <a href="/facts/Deutsche_Mark/kCwqeMkt">Deutsche Mark</a> as its currency, thus uniting the economies of East and West Germany.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1991/2VyD1KeD">1991</a> – <a href="/facts/Cold_War/spJdJQ3q">Cold War</a>: The <a href="/facts/Warsaw_Pact/SLEsUSAS">Warsaw Pact</a> is officially dissolved at a meeting in <a href="/facts/Prague/txpRNTUE">Prague</a>.</li> <li>1991 – The Finnish operator <a href="/facts/Radiolinja/gRQukGrP">Radiolinja</a> is launched as the world's first <a href="/facts/GSM/Sw8QYaLE">GSM network</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1997/FSVnuhSn">1997</a> – China <a href="/facts/Handover_of_Hong_Kong/Wv4sKyMv">resumes sovereignty</a> over the city-state of Hong Kong, ending 156 years of British <a href="/facts/Colonialism/kvqx2DaV">colonial</a> rule. The handover ceremony is attended by British Prime Minister <a href="/facts/Tony_Blair/3oytaWsP">Tony Blair</a>, <a href="/facts/Charles_III_of_the_United_Kingdom/EJItVkdz">Charles, Prince of Wales</a>, Chinese President <a href="/facts/Jiang_Zemin/yCvBWeug">Jiang Zemin</a> and U.S. Secretary of State <a href="/facts/Madeleine_Albright/ENqgsAEQ">Madeleine Albright</a>.</li> <li>1997 – <a href="/facts/Space_Shuttle_program/6Ikdvwsw">Space Shuttle program</a>: <a href="/facts/Space_Shuttle_Columbia/uF51RXWM">Space Shuttle <i>Columbia</i></a> is launched on <a href="/facts/STS-94/3L3H6701">STS-94</a>, a re-flight of the prematurely-ended <a href="/facts/STS-83/kR8suhPh">STS-83</a> mission with the same crew.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1999/pc1BDf3P">1999</a> – The <a href="/facts/Scottish_Parliament/IpB09xer">Scottish Parliament</a> is officially opened by <a href="/facts/Elizabeth_II/os6eB47B">Elizabeth II</a> on the day that legislative powers are officially transferred from the old <a href="/facts/Scottish_Office/QezMuUQR">Scottish Office</a> in London to the new devolved <a href="/facts/Scottish_Executive/ettgIz7G">Scottish Executive</a> in <a href="/facts/Edinburgh/PcsoaK9h">Edinburgh</a>. In Wales, the powers of the <a href="/facts/Secretary_of_State_for_Wales/7gmQjaLL">Welsh Secretary</a> are transferred to the <a href="/facts/National_Assembly_for_Wales/UVeACTS7">National Assembly</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/2002/8anKm4m1">2002</a> – The <a href="/facts/International_Criminal_Court/z0VwbKkz">International Criminal Court</a> is established to prosecute individuals for <a href="/facts/Genocide/IjkNvg7y">genocide</a>, <a href="/facts/Crimes_against_humanity/N4nRKINC">crimes against humanity</a>, <a href="/facts/War_crime/36qQAugC">war crimes</a> and the <a href="/facts/Crime_of_aggression/Q9MVUWP1">crime of aggression</a>.</li> <li>2002 – Bashkirian Airlines Flight 2937, a <a href="/facts/Tupolev_Tu-154/9Meqj5vB">Tupolev Tu-154</a>, and DHL Flight 611, a <a href="/facts/Boeing_757/BfzqBb1T">Boeing 757</a>, <a href="/facts/2002_%25C3%259Cberlingen_mid-air_collision/LEvmIpwL">collide in mid-air</a> over <a href="/facts/%25C3%259Cberlingen/N25gQ4dH">Überlingen</a>, southern Germany, killing all 71 on board both planes.</li> <li><a href="/facts/2003/jR4SwKlP">2003</a> – Over 500,000 people protest against efforts to pass <a href="/facts/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_23/FsIpHHfq">anti-sedition legislation</a> in Hong Kong.</li> <li><a href="/facts/2004/0yE6vkMU">2004</a> – <a href="/facts/Saturn/D54LcGJ9">Saturn</a> <a href="/facts/Orbit_insertion/l8oQMJe4">orbit insertion</a> of <a href="/facts/Cassini%25E2%2580%2593Huygens/PWknrDeY">Cassini–Huygens</a> begins at 01:12 <a href="/facts/UTC/2EnjfSyu">UTC</a> and ends at 02:48 UTC.</li> <li><a href="/facts/2006/3BeSooyh">2006</a> – The first operation of <a href="/facts/Qinghai%25E2%2580%2593Tibet_railway/vYrp00aW">Qinghai–Tibet Railway</a> is conducted in China.</li> <li><a href="/facts/2007/WjIPeDN1">2007</a> – Smoking in England is <a href="/facts/Smoking_bans_in_the_United_Kingdom/uvS4UcDW">banned</a> in all public indoor spaces.</li> <li><a href="/facts/2008/nrFQTFDH">2008</a> – <a href="/facts/2008_riot_in_Mongolia/2UNHLMc8">Riots erupt in Mongolia</a> in response to allegations of fraud surrounding the 2008 legislative elections.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/2013/eQaDXDHl">2013</a> – <a href="/facts/Croatia/MSS0yyvw">Croatia</a> becomes the <a href="/facts/2013_enlargement_of_the_European_Union/vA7k0RMA">28th member</a> of the <a href="/facts/European_Union/6GYcR8qM">European Union</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/2020/o49o8AaY">2020</a> – The <a href="/facts/United_States%25E2%2580%2593Mexico%25E2%2580%2593Canada_Agreement/qEPH1gYJ">United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement</a> replaces NAFTA.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/2024/oobtmKEa">2024</a> – At the centennial ceremony of the <a href="/facts/National_War_Memorial_(Newfoundland)/KL16nhxB">Dominion of Newfoundland National War Memorial</a>, the <a href="/facts/Commonwealth_War_Graves_Commission/ae6y2zTA">Commonwealth War Graves Commission</a> allowed an unprecedented second Canadian Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. The <a href="/facts/Royal_Newfoundland_Regiment/4M82hDtY">Royal Newfoundland Regiment</a> soldier was entombed in the memorial at this ceremony.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="births">Births</h2> <h3>Pre-1600</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/1311/KvJLXG4H">1311</a> – <a href="/facts/Liu_Bowen/NKKEIaEC">Liu Bowen</a>, Chinese military strategist, statesman and poet (died 1375)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1464/tWT9wxg5">1464</a> – <a href="/facts/Clara_Gonzaga/MLIjssJ6">Clara Gonzaga</a>, Italian noble (died 1503)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1481/9mv2aTh7">1481</a> – <a href="/facts/Christian_II_of_Denmark/MMvc3zWb">Christian II of Denmark</a> (died 1559)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1506/1eD2JCzD">1506</a> – <a href="/facts/Louis_II_of_Hungary/KQHrA6fo">Louis II of Hungary</a> (died 1526)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1534/TvdlHS5K">1534</a> – <a href="/facts/Frederick_II_of_Denmark/nDgYHmz7">Frederick II of Denmark</a> (died 1588)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1553/rhncob50">1553</a> – <a href="/facts/Peter_Street_(carpenter)/MoATRold">Peter Street</a>, English carpenter and builder (died 1609)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1574/Rf6my5Kz">1574</a> – <a href="/facts/Joseph_Hall_(bishop)/mPVWGWnY">Joseph Hall</a>, English bishop and mystic (died 1656)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1586/GDCrxNlJ">1586</a> – <a href="/facts/Claudio_Saracini/rFBIF6Xa">Claudio Saracini</a>, Italian lute player and composer (died 1630)</li></ul> <h3>1601–1900</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/1633/oUdY81NP">1633</a> – <a href="/facts/Johann_Heinrich_Heidegger/fDkDW5q4">Johann Heinrich Heidegger</a>, Swiss theologian and author (died 1698)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1646/rhkX29eK">1646</a> – <a href="/facts/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz/cTc2er83">Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz</a>, German mathematician and philosopher (died 1716)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1663/GowUuY1B">1663</a> – <a href="/facts/Franz_Xaver_Murschhauser/6Aeh9Aud">Franz Xaver Murschhauser</a>, German composer and theorist (died 1738)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1725/0XPz6VNk">1725</a> – <a href="/facts/Rhoda_Delaval/JE4Meedk">Rhoda Delaval</a>, English painter and aristocrat (died 1757)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a></li> <li>1725 – <a href="/facts/Jean-Baptiste_Donatien_de_Vimeur%2c_comte_de_Rochambeau/srQbdu6P">Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau</a>, French general (died 1807)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1726/m2d34N6l">1726</a> – <a href="/facts/Acharya_Bhikshu_(Jain_Monk)/DeJdn1VA">Acharya Bhikshu</a>, Jain saint (died 1803)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1731/bUGM1QRD">1731</a> – <a href="/facts/Adam_Duncan%2c_1st_Viscount_Duncan/J0voBFyf">Adam Duncan, 1st Viscount Duncan</a>, Scottish-English admiral (died 1804)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1742/WetcgMEE">1742</a> – <a href="/facts/Georg_Christoph_Lichtenberg/cz0hnl2n">Georg Christoph Lichtenberg</a>, German physicist and academic (died 1799)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1771/ycB9PEeh">1771</a> – <a href="/facts/Ferdinando_Paer/tD4oE3CY">Ferdinando Paer</a>, Italian composer and conductor (died 1839)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1788/z3JxsH1K">1788</a> – <a href="/facts/Jean-Victor_Poncelet/zpd8aJJ8">Jean-Victor Poncelet</a>, French mathematician and engineer (died 1867)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1804/gV8IpQ6n">1804</a> – <a href="/facts/Charles_Gordon_Greene/KjU1pogX">Charles Gordon Greene</a>, American journalist and politician (died 1886)</li> <li>1804 – <a href="/facts/George_Sand/SzFUuuTw">George Sand</a>, French author and playwright (died 1876)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1807/WIELGVCy">1807</a> – <a href="/facts/Thomas_Green_Clemson/9gkcfoPC">Thomas Green Clemson</a>, American politician and educator, founder of <a href="/facts/Clemson_University/xPSgG0v1">Clemson University</a> (died 1888)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1808/hsoKVjT6">1808</a> – <a href="/facts/Ygnacio_del_Valle/zzcST3eN">Ygnacio del Valle</a>, Mexican-American landowner (died 1880)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1814/j29hWtXH">1814</a> – <a href="/facts/Robert_Richard_Torrens/3MIPjScQ">Robert Richard Torrens</a>, Irish-Australian politician, 3rd <a href="/facts/Premier_of_South_Australia/sXjQ7GWf">Premier of South Australia</a> (died 1884)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1818/8YwUybJm">1818</a> – <a href="/facts/Ignaz_Semmelweis/LYuM2MBK">Ignaz Semmelweis</a>, Hungarian-Austrian physician and obstetrician (died 1865)</li> <li>1818 – <a href="/facts/Karl_von_Vierordt/UVBQ9uUj">Karl von Vierordt</a>, German physician, psychologist and academic (died 1884)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1822/zW0hg5wI">1822</a> – <a href="/facts/Nguy%25E1%25BB%2585n_%25C4%2590%25C3%25ACnh_Chi%25E1%25BB%2583u/JpE50ajp">Nguyễn Đình Chiểu</a>, Vietnamese poet and activist (died 1888)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1834/zTS0oaSP">1834</a> – <a href="/facts/Jadwiga_%25C5%2581uszczewska/cGNpBbUQ">Jadwiga Łuszczewska</a>, Polish poet and author (died 1908)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1850/hCD3XDg7">1850</a> – <a href="/facts/Florence_Earle_Coates/YAaK0zHf">Florence Earle Coates</a>, American poet (died 1927)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1858/aj3BJQlx">1858</a> – <a href="/facts/Willard_Metcalf/PRW9SKHe">Willard Metcalf</a>, American painter (died 1925)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a></li> <li>1858 – <a href="/facts/Velma_Caldwell_Melville/4IBt4Tyf">Velma Caldwell Melville</a>, American editor and writer of prose and poetry (died 1924)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1859/MwtgVDVb">1859</a> – <a href="/facts/DeLancey_W._Gill/Y7SYx9CI">DeLancey W. Gill</a>, American painter (died 1940)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1863/boxyWlLF">1863</a> – <a href="/facts/William_Grant_Stairs/adzHun5J">William Grant Stairs</a>, Canadian-English captain and explorer (died 1892)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1869/E97RQYu9">1869</a> – <a href="/facts/William_Strunk_Jr./U0rCFUK2">William Strunk Jr.</a>, American author and educator (died 1946)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1872/CmLMQWn2">1872</a> – <a href="/facts/Louis_Bl%25C3%25A9riot/b2UmNl09">Louis Blériot</a>, French pilot and engineer (died 1936)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a></li> <li>1872 – <a href="/facts/William_Duddell/YtuNAhXp">William Duddell</a>, English physicist and engineer (died 1917)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1873/CJ5Hegm0">1873</a> – <a href="/facts/Alice_Guy-Blach%25C3%25A9/8uQtCvfL">Alice Guy-Blaché</a>, French-American film director, producer and screenwriter (died 1968)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a></li> <li>1873 – <a href="/facts/Andrass_Samuelsen/uUXGFWJR">Andrass Samuelsen</a>, Faroese politician, 1st <a href="/facts/Prime_Minister_of_the_Faroe_Islands/30LKuqTM">Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands</a> (died 1954)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1875/ggkhnYQX">1875</a> – <a href="/facts/Joseph_Weil/cdTtmj3m">Joseph Weil</a>, American con man (died 1976)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1876/W5qGllpP">1876</a> – <a href="/facts/T._J._Ryan/LFlzlpju">T. J. Ryan</a>, Australian politician, 19th <a href="/facts/Premier_of_Queensland/ouAjn7ws">Premier of Queensland</a> (died 1921)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1878/rnlYq7CQ">1878</a> – <a href="/facts/Jacques_Rosenbaum/YSB0Y3hH">Jacques Rosenbaum</a>, Estonian-German architect (died 1944)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1879/f5X2q52U">1879</a> – <a href="/facts/L%25C3%25A9on_Jouhaux/SedB2LNj">Léon Jouhaux</a>, French union leader, <a href="/facts/Nobel_Peace_Prize/2wVhmLrX">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (died 1954)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1881/s9tMgWvd">1881</a> – <a href="/facts/Edward_Battersby_Bailey/YCKCLlC2">Edward Battersby Bailey</a>, English geologist (died 1965)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1882/TB4gUPdw">1882</a> – <a href="/facts/Bidhan_Chandra_Roy/UBvYt3ht">Bidhan Chandra Roy</a>, Indian physician and politician, 2nd <a href="/facts/Chief_Minister_of_West_Bengal/WE6mTjsj">Chief Minister of West Bengal</a> (died 1962)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1883/EwbmutJN">1883</a> – <a href="/facts/Arthur_Borton/fhFtxXwm">Arthur Borton</a>, English colonel, <a href="/facts/Victoria_Cross/abfXKEQl">Victoria Cross</a> recipient (died 1933)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1885/0f7HxjrW">1885</a> – <a href="/facts/Dorothea_Mackellar/sBpKdaHP">Dorothea Mackellar</a>, Australian author and poet (died 1968)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1887/42l31f6p">1887</a> – <a href="/facts/Amber_Reeves/LQzzdkD9">Amber Reeves</a>, New Zealand-English author and scholar (died 1981)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1892/t6ztGdnJ">1892</a> – <a href="/facts/James_M._Cain/YbT0UECW">James M. Cain</a>, American author and journalist (died 1977)</li> <li>1892 – <a href="/facts/L%25C3%25A1szl%25C3%25B3_Lajtha/WCJ2onK4">László Lajtha</a>, Hungarian composer and conductor (died 1963)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1899/mrg9Bavy">1899</a> – <a href="/facts/Thomas_A._Dorsey/CcsWRCBw">Thomas A. Dorsey</a>, American pianist and composer (died 1993)</li> <li>1899 – <a href="/facts/Charles_Laughton/Ug3doeJS">Charles Laughton</a>, English-American actor and director (died 1962)</li> <li>1899 – <a href="/facts/Konstantinos_Tsatsos/DXCwQ0qL">Konstantinos Tsatsos</a>, Greek scholar and politician, <a href="/facts/President_of_Greece/UGoJ3GVX">President of Greece</a> (died 1987)</li></ul> <h3>1901–present</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/1901/Tf0A3lMq">1901</a> – <a href="/facts/Irna_Phillips/yNEPUlrV">Irna Phillips</a>, American screenwriter (died 1973)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1902/MHb8RK0o">1902</a> – <a href="/facts/William_Wyler/Bbs4ChYX">William Wyler</a>, French-American film director, producer and screenwriter (died 1981)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1903/3EXlvpmh">1903</a> – <a href="/facts/Amy_Johnson/fUK7b9zu">Amy Johnson</a>, English pilot (died 1941)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a></li> <li>1903 – <a href="/facts/Beatrix_Lehmann/UH0FdnDo">Beatrix Lehmann</a>, English actress (died 1979)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1906/dCqcXjCc">1906</a> – <a href="/facts/Jean_Dieudonn%25C3%25A9/gWagzMdu">Jean Dieudonné</a>, French mathematician and academic (died 1992)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a></li> <li>1906 – <a href="/facts/Est%25C3%25A9e_Lauder_(businesswoman)/qqfLlQFm">Estée Lauder</a>, American businesswoman, co-founder of <a href="/facts/Est%25C3%25A9e_Lauder_Companies/EyusftQS">Estée Lauder Companies</a> (died 2004)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1907/70u8Thdr">1907</a> – <a href="/facts/Norman_Pirie/nPzDI8C0">Norman Pirie</a>, Scottish-English biochemist and virologist (died 1997)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1909/EYEK0tGS">1909</a> – <a href="/facts/Emmett_Toppino/NIDzv1IP">Emmett Toppino</a>, American sprinter (died 1971)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1910/Kovl3GRp">1910</a> – <a href="/facts/Glenn_Hardin/M8fS39VI">Glenn Hardin</a>, American hurdler (died 1975)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1911/f6cCDfr8">1911</a> – <a href="/facts/Arnold_Alas/czpttRpA">Arnold Alas</a>, Estonian landscape architect and artist (died 1990)</li> <li>1911 – <a href="/facts/Sergey_Sokolov_(commander)/eRUyWSwx">Sergey Sokolov</a>, Russian marshal and politician, <a href="/facts/Minister_of_Defence_(Soviet_Union)/fC1DgwXw">Soviet Minister of Defence</a> (died 2012)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1912/6y6T0vzf">1912</a> – <a href="/facts/David_Brower/F0ddEHkF">David Brower</a>, American environmentalist, founder of the <a href="/facts/Sierra_Club_Foundation/dCGKrJhE">Sierra Club Foundation</a> (died 2000)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a></li> <li>1912 – <a href="/facts/Sally_Kirkland_(editor)/mjRSAq33">Sally Kirkland</a>, American journalist (died 1989)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1913/TJLNwLcE">1913</a> – <a href="/facts/Frank_Barrett_(baseball)/rEgg8cjG">Frank Barrett</a>, American baseball player (died 1998)</li> <li>1913 – <a href="/facts/Lee_Guttero/HkmdVBfx">Lee Guttero</a>, American basketball player (died 2004)</li> <li>1913 – <a href="/facts/Vasantrao_Naik/XvUrtpqB">Vasantrao Naik</a>, Indian politician, 3rd <a href="/facts/Chief_Minister_of_Maharashtra/zgDBmoe1">Chief Minister of Maharashtra</a> (died 1979)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1914/VNGWH7j3">1914</a> – <a href="/facts/Thomas_Pearson_(British_Army_officer%2c_born_1914)/CxMPzWXT">Thomas Pearson</a>, British Army officer (died 2019)</li> <li>1914 – <a href="/facts/Christl_Cranz/paKN3RCe">Christl Cranz</a>, German alpine skier (died 2004)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a></li> <li>1914 – <a href="/facts/Bernard_B._Wolfe/lw26rCx1">Bernard B. Wolfe</a>, American politician (died 2016)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1915/slMK9ba3">1915</a> – <a href="/facts/Willie_Dixon/hAC1jt30">Willie Dixon</a>, American blues singer-songwriter, bass player, guitarist and producer (died 1992)</li> <li>1915 – <a href="/facts/Philip_Lever%2c_3rd_Viscount_Leverhulme/PeVqUkBX">Philip Lever, 3rd Viscount Leverhulme</a>, British peer (died 2000)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a></li> <li>1915 – <a href="/facts/Boots_Poffenberger/g9qsVpYW">Boots Poffenberger</a>, American baseball pitcher (died 1999)</li> <li>1915 – <a href="/facts/Joseph_Ransohoff/ug6fErUy">Joseph Ransohoff</a>, American soldier and neurosurgeon (died 2001)</li> <li>1915 – <a href="/facts/Nguy%25E1%25BB%2585n_V%25C4%2583n_Linh/gRCT3gtu">Nguyễn Văn Linh</a>, Vietnamese politician (died 1998)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1916/Vfq2LjJ1">1916</a> – <a href="/facts/Olivia_de_Havilland/mBee92rr">Olivia de Havilland</a>, British-American actress (died 2020) <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a></li> <li>1916 – <a href="/facts/Iosif_Shklovsky/eWbTNN6J">Iosif Shklovsky</a>, Ukrainian astronomer and astrophysicist (died 1985)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a></li> <li>1916 – <a href="/facts/George_C._Stoney/uno92dFv">George C. Stoney</a>, American director and producer (died 2012)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1917/f4XunIGQ">1917</a> – <a href="/facts/%25C3%2581lvaro_Domecq_y_D%25C3%25ADez/MHGzHU2j">Álvaro Domecq y Díez</a>, Spanish aristocrat (died 2005)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1918/eIGlxNIx">1918</a> – <a href="/facts/Ralph_Young_(singer)/tKTawTGL">Ralph Young</a>, American singer and actor (died 2008)</li> <li>1918 – <a href="/facts/Ahmed_Deedat/bSFKLWSb">Ahmed Deedat</a>, South African writer and public speaker (died 2005)</li> <li>1918 – <a href="/facts/Pedro_Yap/XHTx6N9T">Pedro Yap</a>, Filipino lawyer (died 2003)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1919/5R5RKF5E">1919</a> – <a href="/facts/Arnold_Meri/e6C9Ase2">Arnold Meri</a>, Estonian colonel (died 2009)</li> <li>1919 – <a href="/facts/Malik_Dohan_al-Hassan/bA4lSuIw">Malik Dohan al-Hassan</a>, Iraqi politician (died 2021)</li> <li>1919 – <a href="/facts/Gerald_E._Miller/WjM7kIyE">Gerald E. Miller</a>, American vice admiral (died 2014)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1920/cMv9MvzA">1920</a> – <a href="/facts/Henri_Amouroux/ExonYIpD">Henri Amouroux</a>, French historian and journalist (died 2007)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a></li> <li>1920 – <a href="/facts/Harold_Sakata/vY9YCIte">Harold Sakata</a>, Japanese-American wrestler and actor (died 1982)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a></li> <li>1920 – <a href="/facts/George_I._Fujimoto/vSS0SLbl">George I. Fujimoto</a>, American-Japanese chemist (died 2023)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1921/7abkb6mF">1921</a> – <a href="/facts/Seretse_Khama/bIHBvtw8">Seretse Khama</a>, Batswana lawyer and politician, 1st <a href="/facts/President_of_Botswana/yvpk8Vo3">President of Botswana</a> (died 1980)</li> <li>1921 – <a href="/facts/Michalina_Wis%25C5%2582ocka/Xum2bRTS">Michalina Wisłocka</a>, Polish gynecologist and sexologist (died 2005)</li> <li>1921 – <a href="/facts/Arthur_Johnson_(canoeist)/xl5vDb7r">Arthur Johnson</a>, Canadian canoeist (died 2003)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1922/AFrJQ34X">1922</a> – <a href="/facts/Toshi_Seeger/SKJybn0Y">Toshi Seeger</a>, German-American activist, co-founder of the <a href="/facts/Clearwater_Festival/kY95WkEh">Clearwater Festival</a> (died 2013)</li> <li>1922 – <a href="/facts/Mordechai_Bibi/nNmlBQMB">Mordechai Bibi</a>, Israeli politician (died 2023)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1923/yARB7QmW">1923</a> – <a href="/facts/Scotty_Bowers/yTpNz5AK">Scotty Bowers</a>, American marine, author and pimp (died 2019)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1924/lArFYWHI">1924</a> – <a href="/facts/Antoni_Ramallets/NrdwJ690">Antoni Ramallets</a>, Spanish footballer and manager (died 2013)</li> <li>1924 – <a href="/facts/Florence_Stanley/b2bDMokh">Florence Stanley</a>, American actress (died 2003)</li> <li>1924 – <a href="/facts/Georges_Rivi%25C3%25A8re/kpM2aRsD">Georges Rivière</a>, French actor (died 2011)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1925/FKVmYRam">1925</a> – <a href="/facts/Farley_Granger/hd3NYDt8">Farley Granger</a>, American actor (died 2011)</li> <li>1925 – <a href="/facts/Art_McNally/Gnn8pFM5">Art McNally</a>, American football referee (died 2023)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1926/03cK1qtm">1926</a> – <a href="/facts/Robert_Fogel/Q2SP2LpI">Robert Fogel</a>, American economist and academic, <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Economics/8BBwNwre">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (died 2013)</li> <li>1926 – <a href="/facts/Carl_Hahn/g72opp19">Carl Hahn</a>, German businessman (died 2023)</li> <li>1926 – <a href="/facts/Mohamed_Abshir_Muse/XXXUr4Kz">Mohamed Abshir Muse</a>, Somali general (died 2017)</li> <li>1926 – <a href="/facts/Hans_Werner_Henze/5MtukewS">Hans Werner Henze</a>, German composer and educator (died 2012)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1927/jcoYnDtY">1927</a> – <a href="/facts/Alan_J._Charig/o6WhW22f">Alan J. Charig</a>, English paleontologist and author (died 1997)</li> <li>1927 – <a href="/facts/Winfield_Dunn/0Sk2vmUK">Winfield Dunn</a>, American politician, 43rd <a href="/facts/Governor_of_Tennessee/lqsVR1UE">Governor of Tennessee</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a> (died 2024)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a></li> <li>1927 – <a href="/facts/Joseph_Martin_Sartoris/G8dCnX29">Joseph Martin Sartoris</a>, American bishop (died 2025)</li> <li>1927 – <a href="/facts/Chandra_Shekhar/gPEH1EQo">Chandra Shekhar</a>, 8th Prime Minister of India (died 2007)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1929/CqjpW93q">1929</a> – <a href="/facts/Gerald_Edelman/f8ef2uel">Gerald Edelman</a>, American biologist and immunologist, <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine/rlnpJX84">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (died 2014)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1930/CrbUfsAD">1930</a> – <a href="/facts/Moustapha_Akkad/WWeGmL0Q">Moustapha Akkad</a>, Syrian-American director and producer (died 2005)</li> <li>1930 – <a href="/facts/Carol_Chomsky/gqo8FxkX">Carol Chomsky</a>, American linguist and academic (died 2008)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1931/JK9FEYxa">1931</a> – <a href="/facts/Leslie_Caron/gRQmJNsB">Leslie Caron</a>, French actress and dancer</li> <li><a href="/facts/1932/XlUMqV5p">1932</a> – <a href="/facts/Ze%2527ev_Schiff/IYDs5dSh">Ze'ev Schiff</a>, French-Israeli journalist and author (died 2007)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1933/2LFFswPa">1933</a> – <a href="/facts/C._Scott_Littleton/VW4CnAEl">C. Scott Littleton</a>, American anthropologist and academic (died 2010)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1934/tayEAFpw">1934</a> – <a href="/facts/Claude_Berri/5FXhawEk">Claude Berri</a>, French actor, director and screenwriter (died 2009)</li> <li>1934 – <a href="/facts/Jamie_Farr/0ffvYIha">Jamie Farr</a>, American actor</li> <li>1934 – <a href="/facts/Jean_Marsh/IKTpm0zn">Jean Marsh</a>, English actress and screenwriter (died 2025)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a></li> <li>1934 – <a href="/facts/Sydney_Pollack/Yq9XJPg1">Sydney Pollack</a>, American actor, director and producer (died 2008)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1935/cgLN91AJ">1935</a> – <a href="/facts/James_Cotton/dGhvj8lW">James Cotton</a>, American singer-songwriter and harmonica player (died 2017)</li> <li>1935 – <a href="/facts/David_Prowse/0ewTU0LQ">David Prowse</a>, English actor (died 2020)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1936/VsNHIP3x">1936</a> – <a href="/facts/Wally_Amos/ufUznG2A">Wally Amos</a>, American entrepreneur, founder of <a href="/facts/Famous_Amos/yF5xVGXq">Famous Amos</a> (died 2024)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1938/auSpdqeH">1938</a> – <a href="/facts/Craig_Anderson_(right-handed_pitcher)/gQUX36Q1">Craig Anderson</a>, American baseball player and coach</li> <li>1938 – <a href="/facts/Hariprasad_Chaurasia/Xktqxa5X">Hariprasad Chaurasia</a>, Indian flute player and composer</li> <li><a href="/facts/1939/qMDTC2rc">1939</a> – <a href="/facts/Karen_Black/yyT1rYwk">Karen Black</a>, American actress (died 2013)</li> <li>1939 – <a href="/facts/Delaney_Bramlett/vzAqVVV4">Delaney Bramlett</a>, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer (died 2008)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1940/AMQgqkYN">1940</a> – <a href="/facts/Craig_Brown_(footballer%2c_born_1940)/kq7LcVkr">Craig Brown</a>, Scottish footballer and manager (died 2023)</li> <li>1940 – <a href="/facts/Ela_Gandhi/wG6hj9k5">Ela Gandhi</a>, South African activist and politician</li> <li>1940 – <a href="/facts/Cahit_Zarifo%25C4%259Flu/HfjYhmRM">Cahit Zarifoğlu</a>, Turkish poet and author (died 1987)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1941/MxJwh6rk">1941</a> – <a href="/facts/Rod_Gilbert/YUxfIcrB">Rod Gilbert</a>, Canadian-American ice hockey player (died 2021)</li> <li>1941 – <a href="/facts/Alfred_G._Gilman/ETAwkkIL">Alfred G. Gilman</a>, American pharmacologist and biochemist, <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine/rlnpJX84">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (died 2015)</li> <li>1941 – <a href="/facts/Nicolae_Saramandu/CExks0na">Nicolae Saramandu</a>, Romanian linguist and philologist<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a></li> <li>1941 – <a href="/facts/Myron_Scholes/U5x5bhx6">Myron Scholes</a>, Canadian-American economist and academic, <a href="/facts/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences/8BBwNwre">Nobel Prize</a> laureate</li> <li>1941 – <a href="/facts/Twyla_Tharp/v0p5uFCX">Twyla Tharp</a>, American dancer and choreographer</li> <li><a href="/facts/1942/Hv8rLssG">1942</a> – <a href="/facts/Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri/YczKA5EI">Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri</a>, Iraqi field marshal and politician (died 2020)</li> <li>1942 – <a href="/facts/Genevi%25C3%25A8ve_Bujold/RW2s6raK">Geneviève Bujold</a>, Canadian actress</li> <li>1942 – <a href="/facts/Andra%25C3%25A9_Crouch/vMlhYv8D">Andraé Crouch</a>, American singer-songwriter, producer and pastor (died 2015)</li> <li>1942 – <a href="/facts/Julia_Higgins/kXC5KjII">Julia Higgins</a>, English chemist and academic</li> <li><a href="/facts/1943/3DdRsjrn">1943</a> – <a href="/facts/Philip_Brunelle/QkWeFDwe">Philip Brunelle</a>, American conductor and organist</li> <li>1943 – <a href="/facts/Peeter_Lepp/kgDks1bd">Peeter Lepp</a>, Estonian politician, 37th <a href="/facts/Mayor_of_Tallinn/shAPHpoD">Mayor of Tallinn</a></li> <li>1943 – <a href="/facts/Jeff_Wayne/QDPtJe4D">Jeff Wayne</a>, American composer, musician and lyricist</li> <li><a href="/facts/1944/A6Jvm3T6">1944</a> – <a href="/facts/Nurul_Haque_Miah/GDaM4qzz">Nurul Haque Miah</a>, Bangladeshi professor and writer (died 2021)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1945/w7Rc9CUl">1945</a> – <a href="/facts/Mike_Burstyn/WrexeYpr">Mike Burstyn</a>, American actor and singer</li> <li>1945 – <a href="/facts/Debbie_Harry/1bX0M5J3">Debbie Harry</a>, American singer-songwriter and actress</li> <li><a href="/facts/1946/BnTf4qUs">1946</a> – <a href="/facts/Mick_Aston/2XjtF5el">Mick Aston</a>, English archaeologist and academic (died 2013)</li> <li>1946 – <a href="/facts/Erkki_Tuomioja/CUV3b0Xa">Erkki Tuomioja</a>, Finnish sergeant and politician, <a href="/facts/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Finland)/c9gKMkB5">Finnish Minister for Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li>1946 – <a href="/facts/Kojo_Laing/xYzEpY8J">Kojo Laing</a>, Ghanaian novelist and poet (died 2017)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1947/Wy1AYbDz">1947</a> – <a href="/facts/Kazuyoshi_Hoshino/uChIPvAN">Kazuyoshi Hoshino</a>, Japanese race car driver</li> <li>1947 – <a href="/facts/Malcolm_Wicks/zI6lI5g1">Malcolm Wicks</a>, English academic and politician (died 2012)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1948/8PpY1FY5">1948</a> – <a href="/facts/John_Ford_(musician)/GTKTPdJa">John Ford</a>, English-American singer-songwriter and guitarist</li> <li><a href="/facts/1949/25neuEUm">1949</a> – <a href="/facts/N%25C3%25A9jia_Ben_Mabrouk/04bNXlYo">Néjia Ben Mabrouk</a>, Tunisian-Belgian director and screenwriter</li> <li>1949 – <a href="/facts/John_Farnham/82jrU6B5">John Farnham</a>, English-Australian singer-songwriter</li> <li>1949 – <a href="/facts/David_Hogan_(composer)/zze3IrzD">David Hogan</a>, American composer and educator (died 1996)</li> <li>1949 – <a href="/facts/Venkaiah_Naidu/EtCeYhj6">Venkaiah Naidu</a>, Indian lawyer and politician</li> <li><a href="/facts/1950/mxu5oLbY">1950</a> – <a href="/facts/David_Duke/yoA5X6H6">David Duke</a>, American white supremacist, politician and <a href="/facts/Ku_Klux_Klan/gTyz2sld">Ku Klux Klan</a> <a href="/facts/Grand_Wizard/lKqwoLCx">Grand Wizard</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1951/o7KS23e8">1951</a> – <a href="/facts/Trevor_Eve/AwbAGa0e">Trevor Eve</a>, English actor and producer</li> <li>1951 – <a href="/facts/Anne_Feeney/2hTWKCJY">Anne Feeney</a>, American singer-songwriter and activist (died 2021)</li> <li>1951 – <a href="/facts/Julia_Goodfellow/uhBjSKNN">Julia Goodfellow</a>, English physicist and academic</li> <li>1951 – <a href="/facts/Klaus-Peter_Justus/9q0Dw342">Klaus-Peter Justus</a>, German runner</li> <li>1951 – <a href="/facts/Tom_Kozelko/6VEG1wd2">Tom Kozelko</a>, American basketball player</li> <li>1951 – <a href="/facts/Terrence_Mann/WeebJdVl">Terrence Mann</a>, American actor, singer and dancer</li> <li>1951 – <a href="/facts/Fred_Schneider/3NmrWthw">Fred Schneider</a>, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player</li> <li>1951 – <a href="/facts/Victor_Willis/23UySm3q">Victor Willis</a>, American singer-songwriter, pianist and actor</li> <li><a href="/facts/1952/LYQM5Bu0">1952</a> – <a href="/facts/Dan_Aykroyd/hgv4fU1S">Dan Aykroyd</a>, Canadian actor, producer and screenwriter</li> <li>1952 – <a href="/facts/David_Arkenstone/avQNYhyx">David Arkenstone</a>, American composer and performer</li> <li>1952 – <a href="/facts/David_Lane_(oncologist)/4PoTw77f">David Lane</a>, English oncologist and academic</li> <li>1952 – <a href="/facts/Steve_Shutt/8PEGq77j">Steve Shutt</a>, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster</li> <li>1952 – <a href="/facts/Timothy_J._Tobias/Qb7TdFkb">Timothy J. Tobias</a>, American pianist and composer (died 2006)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1953/9mQVlynh">1953</a> – <a href="/facts/Lawrence_Gonzi/fuP5Iaf4">Lawrence Gonzi</a>, Maltese lawyer and politician, 12th <a href="/facts/Prime_Minister_of_Malta/r7E0xe0J">Prime Minister of Malta</a></li> <li>1953 – <a href="/facts/Mike_Haynes_(cornerback)/nUeQGXfz">Mike Haynes</a>, American football player<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a></li> <li>1953 – <a href="/facts/Jadranka_Kosor/kCn8WYwu">Jadranka Kosor</a>, Croatian journalist and politician, 9th <a href="/facts/Prime_Minister_of_Croatia/HkfE74Me">Prime Minister of Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1954/qggMYsgW">1954</a> – <a href="/facts/Keith_Whitley/2sgurCv9">Keith Whitley</a>, American singer and guitarist (died 1989)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1954/qggMYsgW">1954</a> – <a href="/facts/Hossein_Nuri/NXzLQjMf">Hossein Nuri</a>, Iranian artist and director<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1955/UeUsbRq8">1955</a> – <a href="/facts/Nikolai_Demidenko/dPWTFR96">Nikolai Demidenko</a>, Russian pianist and educator</li> <li>1955 – <a href="/facts/Li_Keqiang/2EoT4y4w">Li Keqiang</a>, Chinese economist and politician, 7th <a href="/facts/Premier_of_the_People%2527s_Republic_of_China/K2UtWsSI">Premier of the People's Republic of China</a> (died 2023)</li> <li>1955 – <a href="/facts/Lisa_Scottoline/CDSvlwTQ">Lisa Scottoline</a>, American lawyer and author</li> <li>1955 – <a href="/facts/Ma%25CA%25BBafu_Tukui%25CA%25BBaulahi/8XIJmLur">Maʻafu Tukuiʻaulahi</a>, Tongan politician and military officer, Deputy Prime Minister (died 2021)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1956/s8lywmqd">1956</a> – <a href="/facts/Alan_Ruck/5o7BRFIM">Alan Ruck</a>, American actor<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1957/6Aeq0xSI">1957</a> – <a href="/facts/Lisa_Blount/EbFlzwUf">Lisa Blount</a>, American actress and producer (died 2010)</li> <li>1957 – <a href="/facts/Hannu_Kamppuri/VJA3fMC3">Hannu Kamppuri</a>, Finnish ice hockey player</li> <li>1957 – <a href="/facts/Sean_O%2527Driscoll/ek1ydYUr">Sean O'Driscoll</a>, English footballer and manager</li> <li><a href="/facts/1958/hMBPu5oV">1958</a> – <a href="/facts/Jack_Dyer_Crouch_II/UfFQE3p3">Jack Dyer Crouch II</a>, American diplomat, <a href="/facts/Deputy_National_Security_Advisor_(United_States)/6bGK3PJy">United States Deputy National Security Advisor</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1960/H5oTKVEk">1960</a> – <a href="/facts/Michael_Beattie_(rugby_league)/cyLpF8tM">Michael Beattie</a>, Australian rugby league player and coach</li> <li>1960 – <a href="/facts/Lynn_Jennings/Fhlbftcl">Lynn Jennings</a>, American runner</li> <li>1960 – <a href="/facts/Evelyn_%2522Champagne%2522_King/jrwkPnyf">Evelyn "Champagne" King</a>, American soul/disco singer</li> <li>1960 – <a href="/facts/Kevin_Swords/CRz5TUWF">Kevin Swords</a>, American rugby player</li> <li><a href="/facts/1961/aVtANPeE">1961</a> – <a href="/facts/Malcolm_Elliott/I8yFde1H">Malcolm Elliott</a>, English cyclist</li> <li>1961 – <a href="/facts/Ivan_Kaye/4jW24IDB">Ivan Kaye</a>, English actor</li> <li>1961 – <a href="/facts/Carl_Lewis/u72gj0J8">Carl Lewis</a>, American long jumper and runner<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68"><sup>68</sup></a></li> <li>1961 – <a href="/facts/Diana%2c_Princess_of_Wales/nNq36PRL">Diana, Princess of Wales</a> (died 1997)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69"><sup>69</sup></a></li> <li>1961 – <a href="/facts/Michelle_Wright/PdHR4hRa">Michelle Wright</a>, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist</li> <li><a href="/facts/1962/l6s31Ap3">1962</a> – <a href="/facts/Andre_Braugher/T7zoa6js">Andre Braugher</a>, American actor (died 2023)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70"><sup>70</sup></a></li> <li>1962 – <a href="/facts/Mokhzani_Mahathir/ksh2wCAL">Mokhzani Mahathir</a>, Malaysian businessman</li> <li><a href="/facts/1963/IAgXNXRm">1963</a> – <a href="/facts/Roddy_Bottum/yI5pAsNv">Roddy Bottum</a>, American singer and keyboard player</li> <li>1963 – <a href="/facts/Nick_Giannopoulos/V5zakdzP">Nick Giannopoulos</a>, Australian actor</li> <li>1963 – <a href="/facts/David_Wood_(environmental_campaigner)/p8JmMnTf">David Wood</a>, American lawyer and environmentalist (died 2006)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1964/3juQ3GsC">1964</a> – <a href="/facts/Bernard_Laporte/fQXDGtQp">Bernard Laporte</a>, French rugby player and coach</li> <li><a href="/facts/1965/RlpYNuG1">1965</a> – <a href="/facts/Carl_Fogarty/pw0t2fL7">Carl Fogarty</a>, English motorcycle racer</li> <li>1965 – <a href="/facts/Garry_Schofield/6cCnoIWP">Garry Schofield</a>, English rugby player and coach</li> <li>1965 – <a href="/facts/Harald_Zwart/aX65Efba">Harald Zwart</a>, Norwegian director and producer</li> <li><a href="/facts/1966/6ET4QfEl">1966</a> – <a href="/facts/Enrico_Annoni/HA99W0pv">Enrico Annoni</a>, Italian footballer and coach</li> <li>1966 – <a href="/facts/Shawn_Burr/lflEmWFR">Shawn Burr</a>, Canadian-American ice hockey player (died 2013)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1967/dmIuJ9Qy">1967</a> – <a href="/facts/Pamela_Anderson/vfkvDwaW">Pamela Anderson</a>, Canadian-American model and actress</li> <li><a href="/facts/1969/Qunmv17a">1969</a> – <a href="/facts/S%25C3%25A9amus_Egan/9nJWg7uV">Séamus Egan</a>, American-Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist</li> <li><a href="/facts/1971/436B8JtH">1971</a> – <a href="/facts/Missy_Elliott/IU21WmBV">Missy Elliott</a>, American rapper, producer, dancer and actress</li> <li>1971 – <a href="/facts/Julianne_Nicholson/981JfUBc">Julianne Nicholson</a>, American actress</li> <li><a href="/facts/1974/yb8hxjWJ">1974</a> – <a href="/facts/Jefferson_P%25C3%25A9rez/7C1Mcosl">Jefferson Pérez</a>, Ecuadorian race walker</li> <li><a href="/facts/1975/VYMnwoeF">1975</a> – <a href="/facts/Sean_Colson/4fNvM16A">Sean Colson</a>, American basketball player and coach</li> <li>1975 – <a href="/facts/Sufjan_Stevens/bUhbVYpS">Sufjan Stevens</a>, American singer-songwriter and guitarist</li> <li><a href="/facts/1976/78RFM9Xk">1976</a> – <a href="/facts/Patrick_Kluivert/AY01BUNd">Patrick Kluivert</a>, Dutch footballer and coach</li> <li>1976 – <a href="/facts/Hannu_Tihinen/IRovPAKP">Hannu Tihinen</a>, Finnish footballer</li> <li>1976 – <a href="/facts/Albert_Torrens/dBfHX4fV">Albert Torrens</a>, Australian rugby league player</li> <li>1976 – <a href="/facts/Ruud_van_Nistelrooy/CNXn1m8U">Ruud van Nistelrooy</a>, Dutch footballer and manager</li> <li>1976 – <a href="/facts/Szymon_Zi%25C3%25B3%25C5%2582kowski/LBNhRV6U">Szymon Ziółkowski</a>, Polish hammer thrower</li> <li><a href="/facts/1977/wrXpt5jT">1977</a> – <a href="/facts/Tom_Frager/8BUl0wme">Tom Frager</a>, Senegalese-French singer-songwriter and guitarist</li> <li>1977 – <a href="/facts/Keigo_Hayashi/Puz1jk61">Keigo Hayashi</a>, Japanese musician</li> <li>1977 – <a href="/facts/Jarome_Iginla/oIFNqLsx">Jarome Iginla</a>, Canadian ice hockey player</li> <li>1977 – <a href="/facts/Liv_Tyler/U4m3q7ck">Liv Tyler</a>, American actress<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71"><sup>71</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1979/V4o6YhYF">1979</a> – <a href="/facts/Forrest_Griffin/b1GIKTGz">Forrest Griffin</a>, American mixed martial artist and actor</li> <li><a href="/facts/1980/LlDU6MAx">1980</a> – <a href="/facts/Nelson_Cruz/npYSI0Lb">Nelson Cruz</a>, Dominican-American baseball player<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72"><sup>72</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1981/KMGWH0jA">1981</a> – <a href="/facts/Carlo_Del_Fava/gXwU7z0V">Carlo Del Fava</a>, South African-Italian rugby player</li> <li>1981 – <a href="/facts/Tadhg_Kennelly/cgae9s8R">Tadhg Kennelly</a>, Irish-Australian footballer</li> <li><a href="/facts/1982/oMGkW7wb">1982</a> – <a href="/facts/Justin_Huber/J6aaBFp4">Justin Huber</a>, Australian baseball player</li> <li>1982 – <a href="/facts/Joachim_Johansson/6T4UktCT">Joachim Johansson</a>, Swedish tennis player</li> <li>1982 – <a href="/facts/Adrian_Ward_(American_football)/yJABVlmo">Adrian Ward</a>, American football player</li> <li>1982 – <a href="/facts/Fedi_Nuril/YB3N0abI">Fedi Nuril</a>, Indonesian actor, model, and musician<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73"><sup>73</sup></a></li> <li>1982 – <a href="/facts/Hilarie_Burton/jIgqWpNT">Hilarie Burton</a>, American actress</li> <li><a href="/facts/1983/Hh9D0QTA">1983</a> – <a href="/facts/Leeteuk/ycGw9rRh">Leeteuk</a>, South Korean singer and entertainer<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74"><sup>74</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1984/JqqEX46m">1984</a> – <a href="/facts/Donald_Thomas_(athlete)/I6NBoXB3">Donald Thomas</a>, Bahamian high jumper</li> <li><a href="/facts/1985/XsTSpulI">1985</a> – <a href="/facts/Chris_Perez_(baseball)/GzHjUAfj">Chris Perez</a>, American baseball player</li> <li>1985 – <a href="/facts/L%25C3%25A9a_Seydoux/ye7v4eWg">Léa Seydoux</a>, French actor<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75"><sup>75</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1986/8uT5tERV">1986</a> – <a href="/facts/Charlie_Blackmon/XFxAUuYQ">Charlie Blackmon</a>, American baseball player</li> <li>1986 – <a href="/facts/Andrew_Lee_(Australian_footballer)/UAa5aoum">Andrew Lee</a>, Australian footballer</li> <li>1986 – <a href="/facts/Julian_Prochnow/w2X6EHzb">Julian Prochnow</a>, German footballer</li> <li><a href="/facts/1987/pThGJW7B">1987</a> – <a href="/facts/Michael_Schrader/CFDeoM3o">Michael Schrader</a>, German decathlete</li> <li><a href="/facts/1988/VsU0rXfc">1988</a> – <a href="/facts/Ded%25C3%25A9_(footballer%2c_born_1988)/6hv5K3Ed">Dedé</a>, Brazilian footballer</li> <li>1988 – <a href="/facts/Aleksander_Lesun/SJLM7Rht">Aleksander Lesun</a>, Russian modern pentathlete</li> <li><a href="/facts/1989/HWvGcTeT">1989</a> – <a href="/facts/Kent_Bazemore/FuGedxNy">Kent Bazemore</a>, American basketball player</li> <li>1989 – <a href="/facts/Hannah_Murray/36fWtkkT">Hannah Murray</a>, English actress<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76"><sup>76</sup></a></li> <li>1989 – <a href="/facts/Daniel_Ricciardo/b9sg3Vbp">Daniel Ricciardo</a>, Australian race car driver</li> <li><a href="/facts/1991/2VyD1KeD">1991</a> – <a href="/facts/Lucas_V%25C3%25A1zquez/blVm0r03">Lucas Vázquez</a>, Spanish footballer<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77"><sup>77</sup></a></li> <li>1991 – <a href="/facts/Michael_Wacha/qk2WnfHN">Michael Wacha</a>, American baseball player</li> <li><a href="/facts/1992/C3hhqclX">1992</a> – <a href="/facts/Aaron_Sanchez_(baseball)/5mmsclBN">Aaron Sanchez</a>, American baseball player<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78"><sup>78</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1994/DHYvCLxY">1994</a> – <a href="/facts/Chlo%25C3%25A9_Paquet/jL844dqI">Chloé Paquet</a>, French tennis player<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79"><sup>79</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1995/d3Qass5d">1995</a> – <a href="/facts/Boli_Bolingoli-Mbombo/04gJQrpK">Boli Bolingoli-Mbombo</a>, Belgian footballer</li> <li>1995 – <a href="/facts/Savvy_Shields/AchgBufM">Savvy Shields</a>, <a href="/facts/Miss_America_2017/A1ftzEWx">Miss America 2017</a></li> <li>1995 – <a href="/facts/Taeyong/11rSPcNm">Taeyong</a>, South Korea rapper<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80"><sup>80</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1996/qrQNaXmK">1996</a> – <a href="/facts/Adelina_Sotnikova/4uWJHQEB">Adelina Sotnikova</a>, Russian figure skater<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81"><sup>81</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82"><sup>82</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1998/m0E92lbX">1998</a> – <a href="/facts/Chloe_Bailey/ax5J9GWz">Chloe Bailey</a>, American singer-songwriter and actress<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83"><sup>83</sup></a></li> <li>1998 – <a href="/facts/Susan_Bandecchi/hGy6D2sJ">Susan Bandecchi</a>, Swiss tennis player<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84"><sup>84</sup></a></li> <li>1998 – <a href="/facts/Aleksandra_Golovkina/YYyYLosX">Aleksandra Golovkina</a>, Lithuanian figure skater<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85"><sup>85</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/2000/UbBNQdMl">2000</a> – <a href="/facts/Lalu_Muhammad_Zohri/VhEuVlG4">Lalu Muhammad Zohri</a>, Indonesian sprinter<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86"><sup>86</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/2001/oo7IoNIA">2001</a> – <a href="/facts/Chosen_Jacobs/Xsj43oKl">Chosen Jacobs</a>, American actor and singer<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87"><sup>87</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/2003/jR4SwKlP">2003</a> – <a href="/facts/Tate_McRae/tpvjl0g2">Tate McRae</a>, Canadian singer-songwriter and dancer<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88"><sup>88</sup></a></li> <li>2003 – <a href="/facts/Storm_Reid/MTYU7zUJ">Storm Reid</a>, American actress<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89"><sup>89</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="deaths">Deaths</h2> <h3>Pre-1600</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/552/qvqv7NTD">552</a> – <a href="/facts/Totila/kqhAu9Jz">Totila</a>, Ostrogoth king</li> <li><a href="/facts/992/4StIIVpT">992</a> – <a href="/facts/Queen_Heonjeong/XFJBU1zJ">Heonjeong</a>, Korean queen (born 966)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1109/T4JUFqcN">1109</a> – <a href="/facts/Alfonso_VI_of_Le%25C3%25B3n_and_Castile/BqYbzbYl">Alfonso VI</a>, king of León and Castile (born 1040)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1224/I9D30HVd">1224</a> – <a href="/facts/H%25C5%258Dj%25C5%258D_Yoshitoki/GazdHrJd">Hōjō Yoshitoki</a>, regent of the <a href="/facts/Kamakura_shogunate/AdB8emNW">Kamakura shogunate</a> of Japan (born 1163)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1242/jc7I6TJg">1242</a> – <a href="/facts/Chagatai_Khan/EjrFGs0B">Chagatai Khan</a>, Mongol ruler (born 1183)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1277/oY7QCFD7">1277</a> – <a href="/facts/Baibars/jduT4a9u">Baibars</a>, Egyptian sultan (born 1223)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1287/161NsUKl">1287</a> – <a href="/facts/Narathihapate/EnswjhTt">Narathihapate</a>, Burmese king (born 1238)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90"><sup>90</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1321/nmo5yK62">1321</a> – <a href="/facts/Mar%25C3%25ADa_de_Molina/x8HNFdj5">María de Molina</a>, queen of Castile and León</li> <li><a href="/facts/1348/MFkKx6Ux">1348</a> – <a href="/facts/Joan_of_England_(1335%25E2%2580%25931348)/2cFuLC4D">Joan</a>, English princess</li> <li><a href="/facts/1555/V8v6TRgx">1555</a> – <a href="/facts/John_Bradford/k2CglY2R">John Bradford</a>, English <a href="/facts/English_Reformation/BNESA0Ab">reformer</a>, <a href="/facts/Prebendary/q7w56bDI">prebendary</a> of <a href="/facts/Old_St_Paul%2527s_Cathedral/Hr5orCag">St. Paul's</a> (born 1510)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1589/1ADfLmeu">1589</a> – <a href="/facts/Lady_Saig%25C5%258D/VF46MxFc">Lady Saigō</a>, Japanese concubine (born 1552)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1592/UlFy2P5N">1592</a> – <a href="/facts/Marc%2527Antonio_Ingegneri/JCF3Po4h">Marc'Antonio Ingegneri</a>, Italian composer and educator (born 1535)</li></ul> <h3>1601–1900</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/1614/XQXpDAV8">1614</a> – <a href="/facts/Isaac_Casaubon/RWwSwDEh">Isaac Casaubon</a>, French philologist and scholar (born 1559)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1622/IlLRWNRU">1622</a> – <a href="/facts/William_Parker%2c_4th_Baron_Monteagle/1wBDmkGL">William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle</a>, English politician (born 1575)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1681/PhE7zcf1">1681</a> – <a href="/facts/Oliver_Plunkett/SmA5T7Uc">Oliver Plunkett</a>, Irish archbishop and saint (born 1629)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1736/M3t1lv4R">1736</a> – <a href="/facts/Ahmed_III/AvUeVxCA">Ahmed III</a>, Ottoman sultan (born 1673)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1749/M2EdC2gf">1749</a> – <a href="/facts/William_Jones_(mathematician)/Pj4FpWou">William Jones</a>, Welsh mathematician and academic (born 1675)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91"><sup>91</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1774/KBzhWkgq">1774</a> – <a href="/facts/Henry_Fox%2c_1st_Baron_Holland/2lfpRDXC">Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland</a>, English politician, <a href="/facts/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Southern_Department/so7uxs6T">Secretary of State for the Southern Department</a> (born 1705)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1782/rCE7RQcG">1782</a> – <a href="/facts/Charles_Watson-Wentworth%2c_2nd_Marquess_of_Rockingham/BtN28WzJ">Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham</a>, English politician, <a href="/facts/Prime_Minister_of_Great_Britain/Uf40UlBb">Prime Minister of Great Britain</a> (born 1730)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92"><sup>92</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1784/V7EehDfV">1784</a> – <a href="/facts/Wilhelm_Friedemann_Bach/zrq5s9WI">Wilhelm Friedemann Bach</a>, German composer (born 1710)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93"><sup>93</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1787/I2GaPFfB">1787</a> – <a href="/facts/Charles%2c_Prince_of_Soubise/QoXClVDd">Charles de Rohan</a>, French marshal (born 1715)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1819/H4JYLWFl">1819</a> – The <a href="/facts/Public_Universal_Friend/MqhXmJNd">Public Universal Friend</a>, American evangelist (born 1752)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94"><sup>94</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1828/dgLDhnSW">1828</a> – <a href="/facts/Lyncoya_Jackson/BFDzq19z">Lyncoya Jackson</a>, a Muscogee war orphan adopted by Andrew Jackson<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95"><sup>95</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1839/D4oVgcgX">1839</a> – <a href="/facts/Mahmud_II/HHeQYa2h">Mahmud II</a>, Ottoman sultan (born 1785)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1860/4dczHW4c">1860</a> – <a href="/facts/Charles_Goodyear/RLSBBLAW">Charles Goodyear</a>, American chemist and engineer (born 1800)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1863/boxyWlLF">1863</a> – <a href="/facts/John_F._Reynolds/xl4419mN">John F. Reynolds</a>, American general (born 1820)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1887/42l31f6p">1887</a> – <a href="/facts/Thomas_Francis_Meagher/8lcS6Ygw">Thomas Francis Meagher</a>, Leader of the <a href="/facts/Young_Ireland_rebellion/8Py057g8">Young Ireland rebellion</a> of 1848, Commander of the <a href="/facts/Irish_Brigade_(Union_army)/9MC4yQXE">Irish Brigade</a> in the US Civil War (born 1823)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:96" href="#fn:96"><sup>96</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1884/sMq3Cz3G">1884</a> – <a href="/facts/Allan_Pinkerton/FB3cEoCa">Allan Pinkerton</a>, Scottish-American detective and spy (born 1819)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1896/4AqQphen">1896</a> – <a href="/facts/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe/V0njHnsq">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a>, American author and activist (born 1811)</li></ul> <h3>1901–present</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/1905/o7XdVa8l">1905</a> – <a href="/facts/John_Hay/G8NRgydR">John Hay</a>, American journalist and politician, 37th <a href="/facts/United_States_Secretary_of_State/AgUe4Dkq">United States Secretary of State</a> (born 1838)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1912/6y6T0vzf">1912</a> – <a href="/facts/Harriet_Quimby/pTaoNTqh">Harriet Quimby</a>, American pilot and screenwriter (born 1875)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1925/FKVmYRam">1925</a> – <a href="/facts/Erik_Satie/eogpmfVx">Erik Satie</a>, French pianist and composer (born 1866)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1934/tayEAFpw">1934</a> – <a href="/facts/Ernst_R%25C3%25B6hm/YAluHyGH">Ernst Röhm</a>, German paramilitary commander, co-founder and leader of the <i><a href="/facts/Sturmabteilung/NUReWb8Q">Sturmabteilung</a></i> (SA) (born 1887)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1942/Hv8rLssG">1942</a> – <a href="/facts/Peadar_Toner_Mac_Fhionnlaoich/50qWWUGy">Peadar Toner Mac Fhionnlaoich</a>, Irish writer (born 1857)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1943/3DdRsjrn">1943</a> – <a href="/facts/Willem_Arondeus/Y0y8JFIp">Willem Arondeus</a>, Dutch artist, author and anti-Nazi resistance fighter (born 1894)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1944/A6Jvm3T6">1944</a> – <a href="/facts/Carl_Mayer/KlFGGVJ2">Carl Mayer</a>, Austrian-English screenwriter (born 1894)</li> <li>1944 – <a href="/facts/Tanya_Savicheva/LnKkCg43">Tanya Savicheva</a>, Russian author (born 1930)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1948/8PpY1FY5">1948</a> – <a href="/facts/Achille_Varzi/5s2rE68K">Achille Varzi</a>, Italian race car driver (born 1904)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1950/mxu5oLbY">1950</a> – <a href="/facts/%25C3%2589mile_Jaques-Dalcroze/98TWdU6B">Émile Jaques-Dalcroze</a>, Swiss composer and educator (born 1865)</li> <li>1950 – <a href="/facts/Eliel_Saarinen/0Rp6zVnR">Eliel Saarinen</a>, Finnish-American architect, co-designed the <a href="/facts/National_Museum_of_Finland/jgpyQhGt">National Museum of Finland</a> (born 1873)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1951/o7KS23e8">1951</a> – <a href="/facts/Tadeusz_Borowski/U6vk2suI">Tadeusz Borowski</a>, Polish poet, novelist and journalist (born 1922)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1961/aVtANPeE">1961</a> – <a href="/facts/Louis-Ferdinand_C%25C3%25A9line/I6txeGAV">Louis-Ferdinand Céline</a>, French physician and author (born 1894)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1962/l6s31Ap3">1962</a> – <a href="/facts/Purushottam_Das_Tandon/mAsAmS7A">Purushottam Das Tandon</a>, Indian lawyer and politician (born 1882)</li> <li>1962 – <a href="/facts/Bidhan_Chandra_Roy/UBvYt3ht">Bidhan Chandra Roy</a>, Indian physician and politician, 2nd <a href="/facts/Chief_Minister_of_West_Bengal/WE6mTjsj">Chief Minister of West Bengal</a> (born 1882)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1964/3juQ3GsC">1964</a> – <a href="/facts/Pierre_Monteux/LxE3nn3N">Pierre Monteux</a>, French-American viola player and conductor (born 1875)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1965/RlpYNuG1">1965</a> – <a href="/facts/Wally_Hammond/5QlDnPUV">Wally Hammond</a>, English cricketer (born 1903)</li> <li>1965 – <a href="/facts/Robert_Ruark/XAowsSV5">Robert Ruark</a>, American journalist and author (born 1915)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1966/6ET4QfEl">1966</a> – <a href="/facts/Frank_Verner/2fUEeqe6">Frank Verner</a>, American runner (born 1883)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1967/dmIuJ9Qy">1967</a> – <a href="/facts/Gerhard_Ritter/mGaIR0UN">Gerhard Ritter</a>, German historian and academic (born 1888)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1968/KPacXbuQ">1968</a> – <a href="/facts/Fritz_Bauer/CCmRxjNn">Fritz Bauer</a>, German judge and politician (born 1903)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1971/436B8JtH">1971</a> – <a href="/facts/William_Lawrence_Bragg/MGbHcMPa">William Lawrence Bragg</a>, Australian-English physicist and academic, <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics/o6w1nCbr">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (born 1890)</li> <li>1971 – <a href="/facts/Learie_Constantine/FL9AFGNU">Learie Constantine</a>, Trinidadian-English cricketer, lawyer and politician (born 1901)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1974/yb8hxjWJ">1974</a> – <a href="/facts/Juan_Per%25C3%25B3n/KQQm2xGI">Juan Perón</a>, Argentinian general and politician, <a href="/facts/President_of_Argentina/RJpPWGFK">President of Argentina</a> (born 1895)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1978/0yIlakn7">1978</a> – <a href="/facts/Kurt_Student/2cfd97jR">Kurt Student</a>, German general and pilot (born 1890)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1981/KMGWH0jA">1981</a> – <a href="/facts/Carlos_de_Oliveira/Ely0UrGA">Carlos de Oliveira</a>, Portuguese author and poet (born 1921)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1983/Hh9D0QTA">1983</a> – <a href="/facts/Buckminster_Fuller/fLvx87hc">Buckminster Fuller</a>, American architect, designed the <a href="/facts/Montreal_Biosph%25C3%25A8re/P1ltA4sb">Montreal Biosphère</a> (born 1895)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1984/JqqEX46m">1984</a> – <a href="/facts/Mosh%25C3%25A9_Feldenkrais/UfA9rexz">Moshé Feldenkrais</a>, Ukrainian-Israeli physicist and academic (born 1904)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1990/ySbaqvwp">1990</a> – <a href="/facts/Jurriaan_Schrofer/HIwzYAaM">Jurriaan Schrofer</a>, Dutch sculptor, designer and educator (born 1926)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:97" href="#fn:97"><sup>97</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/1991/2VyD1KeD">1991</a> – <a href="/facts/Michael_Landon/dhnUv3XY">Michael Landon</a>, American actor, director and producer (born 1936)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1992/C3hhqclX">1992</a> – <a href="/facts/Franco_Cristaldi/TVPyEDws">Franco Cristaldi</a>, Italian screenwriter and producer (born 1924)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1994/DHYvCLxY">1994</a> – <a href="/facts/Merriam_Modell/PWYManKB">Merriam Modell</a>, American author (born 1908)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1995/d3Qass5d">1995</a> – <a href="/facts/Wolfman_Jack/3xEArkme">Wolfman Jack</a>, American radio host (born 1938)</li> <li>1995 – <a href="/facts/Ian_Parkin/BqzjNbM4">Ian Parkin</a>, English guitarist (<a href="/facts/Be-Bop_Deluxe/Lz3faITS">Be-Bop Deluxe</a>) (born 1950)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1996/qrQNaXmK">1996</a> – <a href="/facts/William_T._Cahill/kN1kX3qt">William T. Cahill</a>, American lawyer and politician, 46th <a href="/facts/Governor_of_New_Jersey/A5eayf5w">Governor of New Jersey</a> (born 1904)</li> <li>1996 – <a href="/facts/Margaux_Hemingway/7GubVMY8">Margaux Hemingway</a>, American model and actress (born 1954)</li> <li>1996 – <a href="/facts/Steve_Tesich/ndB8lnc6">Steve Tesich</a>, Serbian-American author and screenwriter (born 1942)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1997/FSVnuhSn">1997</a> – <a href="/facts/Robert_Mitchum/4cvFW5ur">Robert Mitchum</a>, American actor (born 1917)</li> <li>1997 – <a href="/facts/Charles_Werner/uQCgt9WF">Charles Werner</a>, American cartoonist (born 1909)</li> <li><a href="/facts/1999/pc1BDf3P">1999</a> – <a href="/facts/Edward_Dmytryk/vcmMax68">Edward Dmytryk</a>, Canadian-American director and producer (born 1908)</li> <li>1999 – <a href="/facts/Forrest_Mars_Sr./UfWdesg0">Forrest Mars Sr.</a>, American businessman, creator of <a href="/facts/M%2526M%2527s/cJoAjbK8">M&M's</a> and the <a href="/facts/Mars_(chocolate_bar)/YMc5PALC">Mars chocolate bar</a> (born 1904)</li> <li>1999 – <a href="/facts/Sylvia_Sidney/6dIyV0dH">Sylvia Sidney</a>, American actress (born 1910)</li> <li>1999 – <a href="/facts/Sola_Sierra/YY4e5UBU">Sola Sierra</a>, Chilean human rights activist (born 1935)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:98" href="#fn:98"><sup>98</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/2000/UbBNQdMl">2000</a> – <a href="/facts/Walter_Matthau/R1UvLn7X">Walter Matthau</a>, American actor (born 1920)</li> <li><a href="/facts/2001/oo7IoNIA">2001</a> – <a href="/facts/Nikolay_Basov/oGkeuIvx">Nikolay Basov</a>, Russian physicist and academic, <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics/o6w1nCbr">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (born 1922)</li> <li>2001 – <a href="/facts/Jean-Louis_Rosier/5aRIsupf">Jean-Louis Rosier</a>, French race car driver (born 1925)</li> <li><a href="/facts/2003/jR4SwKlP">2003</a> – <a href="/facts/Herbie_Mann/WxTcJj1c">Herbie Mann</a>, American flute player and saxophonist (born 1930)</li> <li><a href="/facts/2004/0yE6vkMU">2004</a> – <a href="/facts/Peter_Barnes_(playwright)/3K1YPC9f">Peter Barnes</a>, English playwright and screenwriter (born 1931)</li> <li>2004 – <a href="/facts/Marlon_Brando/9eYnscbA">Marlon Brando</a>, American actor and director (born 1924)</li> <li>2004 – <a href="/facts/Todor_Skalovski/S5b51luY">Todor Skalovski</a>, Macedonian composer and conductor (born 1909)</li> <li><a href="/facts/2005/gV0sNsas">2005</a> – <a href="/facts/Renaldo_Benson/MgEUw1zt">Renaldo Benson</a>, American singer-songwriter (<a href="/facts/Four_Tops/KhtfrNHG">Four Tops</a>) (born 1936)</li> <li>2005 – <a href="/facts/Gus_Bodnar/2uSTP72n">Gus Bodnar</a>, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (born 1923)</li> <li>2005 – <a href="/facts/Luther_Vandross/Gd78mVoA">Luther Vandross</a>, American singer-songwriter and producer (<a href="/facts/Change_(band)/LuM5uq8S">Change</a>) (born 1951)</li> <li><a href="/facts/2006/3BeSooyh">2006</a> – <a href="/facts/Ryutaro_Hashimoto/TMSfYqEL">Ryutaro Hashimoto</a>, Japanese politician, 53rd <a href="/facts/Prime_Minister_of_Japan/RMknUoMt">Prime Minister of Japan</a> (born 1937)</li> <li>2006 – <a href="/facts/Robert_Lepikson/sl1lghY0">Robert Lepikson</a>, Estonian race car driver and politician, <a href="/facts/Minister_of_the_Interior_(Estonia)/hglxWA3x">Estonian Minister of the Interior</a> (born 1952)</li> <li>2006 – <a href="/facts/Fred_Trueman/uL7DeJh4">Fred Trueman</a>, English cricketer and sportscaster (born 1931)</li> <li><a href="/facts/2008/nrFQTFDH">2008</a> – <a href="/facts/Mel_Galley/s2ClxFh9">Mel Galley</a>, English guitarist (born 1948)</li> <li><a href="/facts/2009/yEThXjmg">2009</a> – <a href="/facts/Karl_Malden/hysjjeKt">Karl Malden</a>, American actor (born 1912)</li> <li>2009 – <a href="/facts/Onni_Palaste/u6aPnb4w">Onni Palaste</a>, Finnish soldier and author (born 1917)</li> <li>2009 – <a href="/facts/Mollie_Sugden/ckxcBRUJ">Mollie Sugden</a>, English actress (born 1922)</li> <li><a href="/facts/2010/aNH2Is5x">2010</a> – <a href="/facts/Don_Coryell/nNuoqny4">Don Coryell</a>, American football player and coach (born 1924)</li> <li>2010 – <a href="/facts/Arnold_Friberg/SU5Nr3E6">Arnold Friberg</a>, American painter and illustrator (born 1913)</li> <li>2010 – <a href="/facts/Ilene_Woods/BnjP2xkS">Ilene Woods</a>, American actress and singer (born 1929)</li> <li><a href="/facts/2012/XEX1VQNP">2012</a> – <a href="/facts/Peter_E._Gillquist/tbu3cISE">Peter E. Gillquist</a>, American priest and author (born 1938)</li> <li>2012 – <a href="/facts/Ossie_Hibbert/gLhnUwDy">Ossie Hibbert</a>, Jamaican-American keyboard player and producer (born 1950)</li> <li>2012 – <a href="/facts/Evelyn_Lear/sGauWtFc">Evelyn Lear</a>, American operatic soprano (born 1926)</li> <li>2012 – <a href="/facts/Alan_G._Poindexter/ouajMIpT">Alan G. Poindexter</a>, American captain, pilot and astronaut (born 1961)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:99" href="#fn:99"><sup>99</sup></a></li> <li>2012 – <a href="/facts/Jack_Richardson_(writer)/PCSCH4KG">Jack Richardson</a>, American author and playwright (born 1934)</li> <li><a href="/facts/2013/eQaDXDHl">2013</a> – <a href="/facts/Sidney_Bryan_Berry/Ip1UV2VI">Sidney Bryan Berry</a>, American general (born 1926)</li> <li>2013 – <a href="/facts/Charles_Foley_(inventor)/GrqN5CBE">Charles Foley</a>, American game designer, co-creator of <a href="/facts/Twister_(game)/ENaMI8Ad">Twister</a> (born 1930)</li> <li>2013 – <a href="/facts/William_H._Gray_(Pennsylvania_politician)/GkG7FSdj">William H. Gray</a>, American minister and politician (born 1941)</li> <li><a href="/facts/2014/dJ82Jq47">2014</a> – <a href="/facts/Jean_Garon/IfyFf3aG">Jean Garon</a>, Canadian economist, lawyer and politician (born 1938)</li> <li>2014 – <a href="/facts/Stephen_Gaskin/sBz93cIK">Stephen Gaskin</a>, American activist, co-founder of <a href="/facts/The_Farm_(Tennessee)/axFDCtuF">The Farm</a> (born 1935)</li> <li>2014 – <a href="/facts/Bob_Jones_(police_commissioner)/8o0DGvbz">Bob Jones</a>, English lawyer and politician (born 1955)</li> <li>2014 – <a href="/facts/Anatoly_Kornukov/bm3jgQfp">Anatoly Kornukov</a>, Ukrainian-Russian general (born 1942)</li> <li>2014 – <a href="/facts/Walter_Dean_Myers/jAQ62rcL">Walter Dean Myers</a>, American author and poet (born 1937)</li> <li><a href="/facts/2015/bcMDMUaf">2015</a> – <a href="/facts/Val_Doonican/yYg6XoVB">Val Doonican</a>, Irish singer and television host (born 1927)</li> <li>2015 – <a href="/facts/Czes%25C5%2582aw_Olech/a3NVElIC">Czesław Olech</a>, Polish mathematician and academic (born 1931)</li> <li>2015 – <a href="/facts/Nicholas_Winton/U28VuVXL">Nicholas Winton</a>, English lieutenant and humanitarian (born 1909)</li> <li><a href="/facts/2016/VTotH5cp">2016</a> – <a href="/facts/Robin_Hardy_(film_director)/5nhVlyGh">Robin Hardy</a>, English author and film director (born 1929)</li> <li><a href="/facts/2019/HR1M318D">2019</a> – <a href="/facts/Bogus%25C5%2582aw_Schaeffer/CjMF1dzE">Bogusław Schaeffer</a>, Polish composer (born 1929)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:100" href="#fn:100"><sup>100</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/2021/7TI7Mcnk">2021</a> – <a href="/facts/Louis_Andriessen/WlaQJpbw">Louis Andriessen</a>, Dutch composer (born 1939)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:101" href="#fn:101"><sup>101</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:102" href="#fn:102"><sup>102</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/2023/xUnp4b0W">2023</a> – <a href="/facts/Dilano_van_%2527t_Hoff/MJ3Vuz86">Dilano van 't Hoff</a>, Dutch race car driver (born 2004)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:103" href="#fn:103"><sup>103</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/2024/oobtmKEa">2024</a> – <a href="/facts/Ismail_Kadare/Xa91mxAz">Ismail Kadare</a>, Albanian novelist (born 1936)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:104" href="#fn:104"><sup>104</sup></a></li> <li>2024 – <a href="/facts/Robert_Towne/6P4WBCPV">Robert Towne</a>, American screenwriter (born 1934)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:105" href="#fn:105"><sup>105</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/2025/zDNPTD1E">2025</a> – <a href="/facts/Jimmy_Swaggart/rafIoelh">Jimmy Swaggart</a>, American pastor and television host (born 1935)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:106" href="#fn:106"><sup>106</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="holidays-and-observances">Holidays and observances</h2> <ul><li>Christian <a href="/facts/Feast_day/HIapcqYk">feast day</a>: <ul><li><a href="/facts/Aaron/raWl8fp3">Aaron</a> (<a href="/facts/Syriac_Christianity/pfeSzQJ6">Syriac Christianity</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Beatification/ne6lk71y">Blessed</a> <a href="/facts/Antonio_Rosmini-Serbati/BIBJb9kM">Antonio Rosmini-Serbati</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Felix_of_Como/LDbxddaN">Felix of Como</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Jun%25C3%25ADpero_Serra/GYWxHNhB">Junípero Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Julius_and_Aaron/qUBbVuE9">Julius and Aaron</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Leontius_of_Autun/LdCwkYNa">Leontius of Autun</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Saint_Serf/y0I8zcnk">Servanus</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Saint_Veep/vHsfVzDs">Veep</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/July_1_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)/Ny4e5WKS">July 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Feast_of_the_Most_Precious_Blood/Xz4lyCuF">Feast of the Most Precious Blood of Our Lord Jesus Christ</a> (removed from official <a href="/facts/Roman_Catholic/rJ4F4gqH">Roman Catholic</a> calendar since 1969)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/Armed_Forces_Day_(Singapore)/mxWow9nk">Armed Forces Day (Singapore)</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Bobby_Bonilla/QTV4Us4B">Bobby Bonilla</a> Day (United States)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Canada_Day/SulEpWA7">Canada Day</a>, formerly <a href="/facts/Dominion_Day/8dsY0SQw">Dominion Day</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Children%2527s_Day_(Pakistan)/PmzzJ87G">Children's Day (Pakistan)</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Chinese_Communist_Party/MwS3Togt">Chinese Communist Party Founding Day</a> (China)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Day_of_Officials_and_Civil_Servants/kWRnen76">Day of Officials and Civil Servants</a> (<a href="/facts/Hungary/YRedQLtI">Hungary</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Doctors%2527_Day/UDaerqFP">Doctors' Day</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Emancipation_Day/v23T37yQ">Emancipation Day</a> (<a href="/facts/Sint_Maarten/MUFmDfD5">Sint Maarten</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:107" href="#fn:107"><sup>107</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/Sint_Eustatius/YCSuk9Tj">Sint Eustatius</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:108" href="#fn:108"><sup>108</sup></a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Engineer%2527s_Day/7VqatpvI">Engineer's Day</a> (<a href="/facts/Bahrain/ndXdWPhr">Bahrain</a>, <a href="/facts/Mexico/IT5bwhdh">Mexico</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region_Establishment_Day/XkdKPxAF">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day</a> (<a href="/facts/Hong_Kong/4nAf3mqQ">Hong Kong</a>, China)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Independence_Day_(Burundi)/fQhYvPCF">Independence Day (Burundi)</a>, celebrates the independence of <a href="/facts/Burundi/GTNtpIra">Burundi</a> from Belgium in 1962.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Independence_Day_(Rwanda)/7S9Szghx">Independence Day (Rwanda)</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Independence_Day_(Somalia)/v8SJscnz">Independence Day (Somalia)</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/International_Tartan_Day/FWINwH2q">International Tartan Day</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/July_Morning/M6IWSTeC">July Morning</a> (<a href="/facts/Bulgaria/Er5pY3YS">Bulgaria</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Keti_Koti/C3KytcUK">Keti Koti</a> (<a href="/facts/Emancipation_Day/v23T37yQ">Emancipation Day</a>) (<a href="/facts/Suriname/zjwRFBPL">Suriname</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Madeira_Day/J8rfwXnH">Madeira Day</a> (<a href="/facts/Madeira/HRlYxvhe">Madeira</a>, Portugal)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Moving_Day_(Quebec)/RQAGBb64">Moving Day (Quebec)</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Newfoundland_and_Labrador_Memorial_Day/F802DE9S">Newfoundland and Labrador Memorial Day</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Republic_Day_(Ghana)/0rMsQKm7">Republic Day (Ghana)</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/RONPhos/9Ph63GkA">RONPhos</a> Handover Day (<a href="/facts/Nauru/ndT45vaC">Nauru</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:109" href="#fn:109"><sup>109</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:110" href="#fn:110"><sup>110</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Sir_Seretse_Khama_Day/Yb4dl7Ju">Sir Seretse Khama Day</a> (<a href="/facts/Botswana/dGw6g94p">Botswana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Territory_Day_(British_Virgin_Islands)/49y6EHP3">Territory Day (British Virgin Islands)</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Territory_Day_(Northern_Territory)/57JGTmRc">Territory Day (Northern Territory, Australia)</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:111" href="#fn:111"><sup>111</sup></a></li> <li>The first day of <a href="/facts/Van_Mahotsav/Nn5D3omM">Van Mahotsav</a>, celebrated until July 7. (India)</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to July 1. <ul><li><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/1">"On This Day"</a>. BBC.</li> <li></li> <li><a href="https://archive.nytimes.com/learning.blogs.nytimes.com/on-this-day/july-1"><i>The New York Times</i>: On This Day</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.onthisday.com/events/july/1">"Historical Events on July 1"</a>. OnThisDay.com.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Lebel-Hadas, Mirelle (1993). Flavius Josephus: Eyewitness to Rome's First-Century Conquest of Judea. New York: Macmillan. p. 140. ISBN 9780743217965. OCLC 610244378. <a href="9780743217965" target="_blank">9780743217965</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Anderson, Earl R. (2017). Friendly Fire in the Literature of War. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co. pp. 120–121. ISBN 9781476667218. <a href="9781476667218" target="_blank">9781476667218</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Melegari, Vezio (1972). The Great Military Sieges. London: New English Library. p. 67. ISBN 9780450013256. <a href="9780450013256" target="_blank">9780450013256</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Setton, Kenneth M.; Hazard, Henry W. (1975). A History of the Crusades. Vol. 3: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. Madison, Wisc.: University of Wisconsin Press. p. 446. ISBN 9780299066703. <a href="9780299066703" target="_blank">9780299066703</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>David Marley (1998). Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the New World, 1492 to the Present. ABC-CLIO. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-87436-837-6. <a href="978-0-87436-837-6" target="_blank">978-0-87436-837-6</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>de Groot, Aart (2014). "Netherlands". In Hillerbrand, Hans J. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Protestantism. Volume 3: L—R. New York: Routledge. p. 1598. ISBN 9780415924726. <a href="9780415924726" target="_blank">9780415924726</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Union of Lublin, July 1st 1569 r." Sejm Rzeczypospolite Polskiej. <a href="https://www.dziejesejmu.pl/en/union-of-lublin-july-1st-1569-r,p1509767935" target="_blank">https://www.dziejesejmu.pl/en/union-of-lublin-july-1st-1569-r,p1509767935</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Lynn, John A. (1999). The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714. Longman. p. 207. ISBN 0-582-05629-2. <a href="0-582-05629-2" target="_blank">0-582-05629-2</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Stanger, Francis Merriman (February 1932). "National Origins in Central America". The Hispanic American Historical Review. 12 (1). Duke University Press: 40–41. doi:10.2307/2506428. JSTOR 2506428. <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" target="_blank">/wiki/Duke_University_Press</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Hobbins, Peter (10 October 2019). "Can archives help us measure climate change?". National Archives of Australia. Retrieved 19 May 2024. <a href="https://www.naa.gov.au/blog/can-archives-help-us-measure-climate-change" target="_blank">https://www.naa.gov.au/blog/can-archives-help-us-measure-climate-change</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>McPherson, James M. (2003). Battle Cry of Freedom. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 653–655. ISBN 9780195168952. <a href="9780195168952" target="_blank">9780195168952</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"First international phone call". Famousdaily.com. Retrieved 2016-07-08. <a href="http://www.famousdaily.com/history/worlds-first-international-telephone-call.html" target="_blank">http://www.famousdaily.com/history/worlds-first-international-telephone-call.html</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Congo Free State" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" target="_blank">/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Keenan, Jerry; Tucker, Spencer C. (2009). "San Juan Heights, Battle of". In Tucker, Spencer (ed.). 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