Microsoft and open source

<h2 id="history">History</h2>
<h3>Initial stance on open source</h3>
See also: <a href="/facts/Open_Letter_to_Hobbyists/Nac3m4tw">Open Letter to Hobbyists</a>

The paradigm of freely sharing computer <a href="/facts/Source_code/o9J6Jv23">source code</a>—a practice known as <a href="/facts/Open_source/7X9rCdz4">open source</a>—traces back to the earliest commercial computers, whose user groups shared code to reduce duplicate work and costs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a> Following an antitrust suit that forced the unbundling of IBM's hardware and software, a proprietary software industry grew throughout the 1970s, in which companies sought to protect their software products. The technology company <a href="/facts/Microsoft/nGIDDXdx">Microsoft</a> was founded in this period and has long been an embodiment of the proprietary paradigm and its tension with open source practices, well before the terms "free software" or "open source" were coined. Within a year of founding Microsoft, <a href="/facts/Bill_Gates/z16t4m7s">Bill Gates</a> wrote an <a href="/facts/Open_Letter_to_Hobbyists/Nac3m4tw">open letter</a> that positioned the hobbyist act of copying software as a form of theft.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a>
Microsoft successfully expanded in personal computer and enterprise server markets through the 1990s, partially on the strength of the company's marketing strategies.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a> By the late 1990s, Microsoft came to view the growing open source movement as a threat to their revenue and platform. Internal strategy memos from this period, known as the <a href="/facts/Halloween_documents/lHflSbHC">Halloween documents</a>, describe the company's potential approaches to stopping open source momentum. One strategy was "<a href="/facts/Embrace-extend-extinguish/um1SvsHY">embrace-extend-extinguish</a>", in which Microsoft would adopt standard technology, add proprietary extensions, and upon establishing a customer base, would lock consumers into the proprietary extension to assert a monopoly of the space. The memos also acknowledged open source as a methodology capable of meeting or exceeding proprietary development methodology. Microsoft downplayed these memos as the opinions of an individual employee and not Microsoft's official position.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a>
While many major companies worked with open source software in the 2000s,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a> the decade was also marked by a "perennial war" between Microsoft and open source in which Microsoft continued to view open source as a scourge on its business<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a> and developed a reputation as the archenemy of the free and open source movement.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a> Bill Gates and Microsoft CEO <a href="/facts/Steve_Ballmer/8Yrdmxkp">Steve Ballmer</a> suggested free software developers and the Linux kernel were communist.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> Ballmer also likened <a href="/facts/Linux/9FvCKSTq">Linux</a> to a kind of cancer on intellectual property. Microsoft <a href="/facts/Microsoft_vs._Lindows/N42gqY2Q">sued Lindows</a>, a Linux operating system that could run <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Windows/bwhAhuSL">Microsoft Windows</a> applications, as a trademark violation. The court rejected the claim and after Microsoft purchased its trademark, the software changed its name to <a href="/facts/Linspire/HqA5o2Lp">Linspire</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a>
In 2002, Microsoft began experimenting with 'shared source', including the <a href="/facts/Shared_Source_Common_Language_Infrastructure/MGl2nV6J">Shared Source Common Language Infrastructure</a>, the core of <a href="/facts/.NET_Framework/J6QDAUhP">.NET Framework</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a>

<h3>Adoption</h3>
<h4>1990s</h4>
In 1998, Microsoft published at least one public beta release of their Services for UNIX (SFU)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a> based on the <a href="/facts/MKS_Toolkit/jNraIDyp">MKS toolkit</a>, which in turn included some <a href="/facts/GNU/EpSzvJGJ">GNU utilities</a> licensed under the <a href="/facts/GPL/S75KhLSX">GPL</a>. Microsoft fulfilled the obligations imposed by the GPL and other <a href="/facts/Free_and_open-source_software/1cHtjLCB">Open Source Software (FLOSS)</a> licenses by offering the source code of these software components and their licenses for download.
<a href="/facts/Services_for_Unix/GnDjKTeh">Services for UNIX (SFU)</a> v1.0 was released in February 1999.

<h4>2000s</h4>
In April 2004, <a href="/facts/WiX/bozKhva9">Windows Installer XML</a> (WiX) was the first <a href="/facts/Microsoft/nGIDDXdx">Microsoft</a> project to be released under an open-source license, the <a href="/facts/Common_Public_License/M12x3DgF">Common Public License</a>. Initially hosted on <a href="/facts/SourceForge/lxYAgUAX">SourceForge</a>, it was also the first Microsoft project to be hosted externally.
In June 2004, for the first time Microsoft was represented with a booth at <a href="/facts/LinuxTag/MMcmCNUn">LinuxTag</a>, a free software <a href="/facts/Computer_expo/p534DEaU">exposition</a>, held annually in <a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX">Germany</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a> LinuxTag claims to be Europe's largest exhibition for open source software.
In August 2004, Microsoft made the complete source code of the <a href="/facts/Windows_Template_Library/u5V4oKl8">Windows Template Library</a> (WTL) available under the <a href="/facts/Common_Public_License/M12x3DgF">Common Public License</a> and released it through SourceForge. Since version 9.1, the library is licensed under the <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Public_License/axtrf73j">Microsoft Public License</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a>
In September 2004, <a href="/facts/Microsoft/nGIDDXdx">Microsoft</a> released its <a href="/facts/FlexWiki/FjtH7GB0">FlexWiki</a>, making its source code available on SourceForge.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a> The engine is open source, also licensed under the Common Public License. FlexWiki was the third Microsoft project to be distributed via SourceForge, after WiX and Windows Template Library.
In 2005, Microsoft released the <a href="/facts/F_Sharp_(programming_language)/jdXHnYz5">F#</a> <a href="/facts/Programming_language/cWTYbgWa">programming language</a> under the <a href="/facts/Apache_License_2.0/5AeIjas8">Apache License 2.0</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a>
In 2006, Microsoft launched its <a href="/facts/CodePlex/D3Lty252">CodePlex</a> open source code hosting site, to provide hosting for open-source developers targeting Microsoft platforms. In the same year, Microsoft ported <a href="/facts/PHP/02Lfe6RM">PHP</a> to Windows under <a href="/facts/PHP_License/gDm0DzmU">PHP License</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a> and also partnered with and commissioned Vertigo Software to create <a href="/facts/Family.Show/EYbuKpG6">Family.Show</a>, a free and open-source <a href="/facts/Genealogy_program/AL9N53Dk">genealogy program</a>, as a reference application for Microsoft's latest <a href="/facts/UI_technology/v8wM8wwy">UI technology</a> and <a href="/facts/Software_deployment/9yMpwGTu">software deployment</a> mechanism at the time, <a href="/facts/Windows_Presentation_Foundation/KTs9FcFn">Windows Presentation Foundation</a> and <a href="/facts/ClickOnce/Rtu1R4qx">ClickOnce</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a> The source code has been published on CodePlex and is licensed under the <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Public_License/axtrf73j">Microsoft Public License</a>.

In November 2006, Microsoft and <a href="/facts/Novell/lABGMT7U">Novell</a> announced a broad partnership to make sure Windows interoperates with <a href="/facts/SUSE_Linux/TAEDo44B">SUSE Linux</a>. The initial agreement endured until 2012 and included promises not to sue over patents as well as joint development, marketing and support of Windows – Linux interoperability solutions. In addition, Microsoft and Novell agreed to work to ensure documents created in the free <a href="/facts/OpenOffice.org/561WcNgg">OpenOffice.org</a> productivity suite can seamlessly work in <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Office_2007/6qxbuGxr">Office 2007</a>, and vice versa. Both companies also agreed to develop on translators to improve interoperability between <a href="/facts/Office_Open_XML/294uNJrf">Office Open XML</a> and <a href="/facts/OpenDocument/pMtcVuNr">OpenDocument</a> formats. The company also purchased 70,000 one-year SUSE Linux Enterprise Server maintenance and update subscription coupons from Novell. Microsoft could distribute the coupons to customers as a way to convince them to choose Novell's Linux rather than a competitor's Linux distribution.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a>
Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer acknowledged that more customers are running mixed systems and said about the partnership with Novell:

<blockquote>While we're going to compete, we're going to collaborate in the right way.— <a href="/facts/Steve_Ballmer/8Yrdmxkp">Steve Ballmer</a>, CEO of Microsoft<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a></blockquote>
In June 2007, Tom Hanrahan, former Director of Engineering at the <a href="/facts/Linux_Foundation/5wbe2Vp0">Linux Foundation</a>, became Microsoft's Director of Linux Interoperability.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a>
The <a href="/facts/Open_Source_Initiative/sJtjc2EF">Open Source Initiative</a> approved the <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Public_License/axtrf73j">Microsoft Public License</a> (MS-PL) and <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Reciprocal_License/wRewF7Ja">Microsoft Reciprocal License</a> (MS-RL) in 2007.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a> Microsoft open sourced <a href="/facts/IronRuby/zfDwlxGn">IronRuby</a>, <a href="/facts/IronPython/lpXuCulA">IronPython</a>, and <a href="/facts/XUnit.net/9NQKqatI">xUnit.net</a> under MS-PL in 2007.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a>
In 2008, Microsoft joined the <a href="/facts/Apache_Software_Foundation/Xl9Tt9lE">Apache Software Foundation</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a> and co-founded the <a href="/facts/Open_Web_Foundation/vbmdVTSF">Open Web Foundation</a> with Google, Facebook, Sun, IBM, Apache, and others.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a> Also in 2008, Microsoft began distributing the open source <a href="/facts/JQuery/YIqFG0ww">jQuery</a> JavaScript library together with the <a href="/facts/Visual_Studio/omNe6Lej">Visual Studio</a> development environment for use within the <a href="/facts/ASP.NET_AJAX/ubN4mlFI">ASP.NET AJAX</a> and <a href="/facts/ASP.NET_MVC/KFyeWXHx">ASP.NET MVC</a> frameworks.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a>
When Microsoft released <a href="/facts/Hyper-V/3Qm0yJsv">Hyper-V</a> in 2008, <a href="/facts/SUSE_Linux_Enterprise_Server/Fqf31h9R">SUSE Linux Enterprise Server</a> became the first non-Windows operating system officially supported on Hyper-V. Microsoft and <a href="/facts/Novell/lABGMT7U">Novell</a> signed an agreement to work on interoperability two years earlier.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a>
Microsoft first began contributing to the <a href="/facts/Linux_kernel/dlkduHuA">Linux kernel</a> in 2009.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a> The <a href="/facts/CodePlex_Foundation/Na8qBPQV">CodePlex Foundation</a>, an independent <a href="/facts/501(c)(6)/Qx1XrC9t">501(c)(6)</a> non-profit corporation founded by Microsoft and led mostly by Microsoft employees and affiliates, was founded in September 2009. Its goal was to "enable the exchange of code and understanding among software companies and open source communities."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a> Later in September 2010, the name Outercurve Foundation was adopted.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a>
In November 2009, Microsoft released the source code of the <a href="/facts/.NET_Micro_Framework/334B92WM">.NET Micro Framework</a> to the development community as free and open-source software under the <a href="/facts/Apache_License_2.0/5AeIjas8">Apache License 2.0</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a>

<a href="/facts/StyleCop/6pY1de2j">StyleCop</a>, an originally proprietary <a href="/facts/Static_code_analysis/b56nr6QM">static code analysis</a> tool by Microsoft, was re-released as an open-source in April 2010 on <a href="/facts/CodePlex/D3Lty252">CodePlex</a>. Based on customer feedback, Microsoft relicensed <a href="/facts/IronRuby/zfDwlxGn">IronRuby</a>, <a href="/facts/IronPython/lpXuCulA">IronPython</a>, and the <a href="/facts/Dynamic_Language_Runtime/Py4udCP9">Dynamic Language Runtime</a> (DLR) under <a href="/facts/Apache_License_2.0/5AeIjas8">Apache License 2.0</a> in July 2010.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a>
Microsoft signed the <a href="/facts/Joomla/0s2PTdAE">Joomla</a> contributor agreement and started upstreaming improvements in 2010.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a>

<h4>2010s</h4>
In 2011, Microsoft started contributing code to the <a href="/facts/Samba_(software)/Huyc2pnX">Samba project</a>. The same year, Microsoft also ported <a href="/facts/Node.js/FKzhV4Qa">Node.js</a> to Windows, upstreaming the code under Apache License 2.0.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a> The first version of <a href="/facts/Python_Tools_for_Visual_Studio/UhrB5BNs">Python Tools for Visual Studio</a> (PTVS) was released in March 2011. After acquiring <a href="/facts/Skype/qdKbuh23">Skype</a> in 2011, Microsoft continued maintaining the Skype Linux client.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a>
In July 2011, Microsoft was the fifth largest contributor to the <a href="/facts/Linux_kernel/dlkduHuA">Linux 3.0 kernel</a> at 4% of the total changes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a> The company became a partner with LinuxTag for their 2011 event and also sponsored LinuxTag 2012.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50">50</a>
In 2012, Microsoft began hosting Linux <a href="/facts/Virtual_machine/BLevU3sx">virtual machines</a> in the <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Azure/CCnIHTHd">Azure</a> <a href="/facts/Cloud_computing/guhg0FGV">cloud computing</a> service and <a href="/facts/CodePlex/D3Lty252">CodePlex</a> introduced <a href="/facts/Git/U5Ty9QmQ">git</a> support.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51">51</a> The company also ported <a href="/facts/Apache_Hadoop/oUS1G2R7">Apache Hadoop</a> to Windows, upstreaming the code under MIT License.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52">52</a> In March 2012, a completely rewritten version of <a href="/facts/ChronoZoom/JSCG7GVu">ChronoZoom</a> was made available as open source<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53">53</a> via the <a href="/facts/Outercurve_Foundation/Na8qBPQV">Outercurve Foundation</a>. Also, <a href="/facts/ASP.NET/xq7KM8mN">ASP.NET</a>, <a href="/facts/ASP.NET_MVC/KFyeWXHx">ASP.NET MVC</a>, <a href="/facts/ASP.NET_Razor/JtSUR2SJ">ASP.NET Razor</a>, <a href="/facts/ASP.NET_Web_API/KFyeWXHx">ASP.NET Web API</a>, <a href="/facts/Reactive_extensions/PUruKUHN">Reactive extensions</a>, and IL2JS (an <a href="/facts/Common_Intermediate_Language/sBIaMXyW">IL</a> to JavaScript compiler) were released under Apache License 2.0.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54">54</a> The <a href="/facts/TypeScript/A6XNmrTd">TypeScript</a> <a href="/facts/Programming_language/cWTYbgWa">programming language</a> was released under Apache License 2.0 in 2012. It was the first Microsoft project hosted on GitHub.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55">55</a> In June 2012, Microsoft contributed <a href="/facts/Open_Management_Infrastructure/n4f4Yrps">Open Management Infrastructure</a> to <a href="/facts/The_Open_Group/uRoDdEae">The Open Group</a> with the goal "to remove all obstacles that stand in the way of implementing standards-based management so that every device in the world can be managed in a clear, consistent, coherent way and to nurture [and] spur a rich ecosystem of standards-based management products."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56">56</a>
In 2013, Microsoft relicensed the <a href="/facts/XUnit.net/9NQKqatI">xUnit.net</a> <a href="/facts/Unit_testing/SYoGGS3T">unit testing</a> tool for the .NET Framework under Apache License 2.0 and transferred it to the <a href="/facts/Outercurve_Foundation/Na8qBPQV">Outercurve Foundation</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57">57</a> Also in 2013, Microsoft added <a href="/facts/Git/U5Ty9QmQ">Git</a> support to <a href="/facts/Visual_Studio/omNe6Lej">Visual Studio</a> and <a href="/facts/Team_Foundation_Server/DakBjeAh">Team Foundation Server</a> using <a href="/facts/Libgit2/U5Ty9QmQ">libgit2</a>, the most widely deployed version of Git. The company is dedicating engineering hours to help further develop libgit2 and working with GitHub and other community programmers who devote time to the software.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58">58</a>

In 2014, <a href="/facts/Satya_Nadella/rrzI2elE">Satya Nadella</a> was named the new CEO of Microsoft. Microsoft began to adopt open source into its core business. In contrast to Ballmer's stance, Nadella presented a slide that read, "Microsoft loves Linux".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59">59</a> At the time of the acquisition of GitHub, Nadella said of Microsoft, "We are all in on open source." As the industry trended towards <a href="/facts/Cloud_computing/guhg0FGV">cloud</a>, <a href="/facts/Embedded_computing/a4muX1wU">embedded</a>, and <a href="/facts/Mobile_computing/eHT86bQU">mobile computing</a>, Microsoft turned to open source to stay apace in these open source dominated fields. Microsoft's adoption of open source included several surprising turns.

In 2014, the company opened the source of its <a href="/facts/.NET_Framework/J6QDAUhP">.NET Framework</a> to promote its software ecosystem and stimulate cross-platform development. Microsoft also started contributing to the <a href="/facts/OpenJDK/KDzob3aF">OpenJDK</a> the same year.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60">60</a> The Wireless Display Adapter, released in 2014, was Microsoft's first hardware device to use <a href="/facts/Embedded_Linux/GPryGqLa">embedded Linux</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61">61</a>
In the beginning of 2015, Microsoft open sourced the <a href="/facts/Z3_Theorem_Prover/bjMGgnYF">Z3 Theorem Prover</a>, a cross-platform <a href="/facts/Satisfiability_modulo_theories/10mBFLFB">satisfiability modulo theories</a> (SMT) solver.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62">62</a>
Also in 2015, Microsoft co-founded the <a href="/facts/Node.js_Foundation/J9oqdyl4">Node.js Foundation</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63">63</a> and joined the <a href="/facts/R_Foundation/LSrkr8K8">R Foundation</a>. After completing the acquisition of <a href="/facts/Revolution_Analytics/fe8UPrjL">Revolution Analytics</a> in 2015,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64">64</a> Microsoft integrated the open source <a href="/facts/R_(programming_language)/LSrkr8K8">R programming language</a> into <a href="/facts/SQL_Server_2016/eCdt2JBL">SQL Server 2016</a>, <a href="/facts/SQL_Server_2017/eCdt2JBL">SQL Server 2017</a>, <a href="/facts/SQL_Server_2019/eCdt2JBL">SQL Server 2019</a>, <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Power_BI/xqJUmU2w">Power BI</a>, <a href="/facts/Azure_SQL_Managed_Instance/CCnIHTHd">Azure SQL Managed Instance</a>, <a href="/facts/Azure_Cortana_Intelligence/CCnIHTHd">Azure Cortana Intelligence</a>, Microsoft ML Server and <a href="/facts/Visual_Studio_2017/omNe6Lej">Visual Studio 2017</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65">65</a>
The same year, Microsoft also open sourced Matter Center, Microsoft's legal practice management software and also <a href="/facts/Chakra_(JavaScript_engine)/fIgapWd0">Chakra</a>, the <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Edge/BGoJEFX9">Microsoft Edge</a> <a href="/facts/JavaScript_engine/6YEG2JFH">JavaScript engine</a> at the time.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66">66</a> Also in 2015, Microsoft released <a href="/facts/Windows_10/be9IHehJ">Windows 10</a> with native support for the open-source <a href="/facts/AllJoyn/lyuRMvuB">AllJoyn</a> framework, which means that any Windows 10 device can control any AllJoyn-aware <a href="/facts/Internet_of_Things/rwwGAxn3">Internet of Things</a> (IoT) device in the network.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67">67</a> Microsoft has been developing AllJoyn support and contributing code upstream since 2014.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68">68</a>
Microsoft opened the keynote speech at All Things Open in 2015 by stating that:

<blockquote>Microsoft's approach to open today is: Enable, integrate, release, and contribute.— <a href="/facts/Mark_Russinovich/xutjgFN2">Mark Russinovich</a>, CTO of <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Azure/CCnIHTHd">Microsoft Azure</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69">69</a></blockquote>
In August 2015, Microsoft released <a href="/facts/WinObjC/8mQ57pLM">WinObjC</a>, also known as Windows Bridge for iOS, an open-source <a href="/facts/Middleware/HobNosz9">middleware</a> toolkit that allows <a href="/facts/IOS/mK5cggH5">iOS</a> apps developed in <a href="/facts/Objective-C/5mM557BW">Objective-C</a> to be ported to Windows 10.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70">70</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71">71</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72">72</a> On November 18, 2015, <a href="/facts/Visual_Studio_Code/YsBDgKlK">Visual Studio Code</a> was released under the proprietary Microsoft License and a subset of its source code was posted to <a href="/facts/GitHub/n1hNCsc3">GitHub</a> under the <a href="/facts/Expat_License/8llAQtlk">MIT License</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73">73</a>

In January 2016, Microsoft became Gold Sponsor of SCALE 14x – the fourteenth annual <a href="/facts/Southern_California_Linux_Expo/HkeD0Ede">Southern California Linux Expo</a>, a major convention.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74">74</a>
When Microsoft acquired <a href="/facts/Xamarin/JEbH9UEP">Xamarin</a> and <a href="/facts/LinkedIn/Iq2IcNMt">LinkedIn</a> in 2016, it relicensed the <a href="/facts/Mono_(software)/PlyeJxRS">Mono</a> framework under MIT License and continued maintaining the <a href="/facts/Apache_Kafka/DVzgoEmu">Kafka</a> <a href="/facts/Stream_processing/vXe6gkTT">stream-processing</a> software platform as open source.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75">75</a> Also in 2016, Microsoft introduced the <a href="/facts/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux/ou97bFN2">Windows Subsystem for Linux</a>, which lets Linux applications run on the Windows operating system. The company invested in Linux server technology and Linux development to promote cross-platform compatibility and collaboration with open source companies and communities, culminating with Microsoft's platinum sponsorship of the <a href="/facts/Linux_Foundation/5wbe2Vp0">Linux Foundation</a> and seat on its board of directors.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76">76</a>
Microsoft released <a href="/facts/Microsoft_SQL_Server/eCdt2JBL">SQL Server</a> and the now open source <a href="/facts/PowerShell/G1d10lwn">PowerShell</a> for Linux.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77">77</a> Also, Microsoft began porting <a href="/facts/Sysinternals/74MuzdnW">Sysinternals</a> tools, including <a href="/facts/ProcDump/A4te9aVz">ProcDump</a> and <a href="/facts/Process_Monitor/yJmmKLN9">ProcMon</a>, to <a href="/facts/Linux/9FvCKSTq">Linux</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78">78</a> <a href="/facts/R_Tools_for_Visual_Studio/Er9UenGg">R Tools for Visual Studio</a> were released under <a href="/facts/Apache_License_2.0/5AeIjas8">Apache License 2.0</a> in March 2016.
In March 2016, Ballmer changed his stance on Linux, saying that he supports his successor Satya Nadella's open source commitments. He maintained that his comments in 2001 were right at the time but that times have changed.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79">79</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80">80</a>
Commentators have noted the adoption of open source and the change of strategy at Microsoft:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81">81</a>

<blockquote>The company has become an enthusiastic supporter of Linux and of open source and a very active member of many important projects.— Jim Zemlin, Executive Director of <a href="/facts/The_Linux_Foundation/5wbe2Vp0">The Linux Foundation</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82">82</a></blockquote>
At <a href="/facts/EclipseCon/dq96nh6j">EclipseCon</a> in March 2016, Microsoft announced that the company is joining the <a href="/facts/Eclipse_Foundation/dq96nh6j">Eclipse Foundation</a> as a Solutions Member.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83">83</a>
The <a href="/facts/BitFunnel/MFHVUYL8">BitFunnel</a> <a href="/facts/Search_engine_indexing/a0anbq3D">search engine indexing</a> algorithm and various components of the <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Bing/r2pIK5HT">Microsoft Bing</a> search engine were made open source by Microsoft in 2016.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84">84</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85">85</a> <a href="/facts/Vcpkg/oUhAnCP9">vcpkg</a>, a cross-platform open source <a href="/facts/Package_manager/kEX4kx7g">package manager</a>, was released in September 2016.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86">86</a>
Microsoft joined the <a href="/facts/Open_Source_Initiative/sJtjc2EF">Open Source Initiative</a>, the <a href="/facts/Cloud_Native_Computing_Foundation/8mLVvEfR">Cloud Native Computing Foundation</a>, and the <a href="/facts/MariaDB_Foundation/QWobVFIq">MariaDB Foundation</a> in 2017.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87">87</a> The Open Source Initiative, formerly a target of Microsoft, used the occasion of Microsoft's sponsorship as a milestone for open source software's widespread acceptance.
The <a href="/facts/Debian/cBd93qfJ">Debian</a>-based <a href="/facts/SONiC_(operating_system)/lSMrx8xu">SONiC</a> <a href="/facts/Network_operating_system/K9MlJLI3">network operating system</a> was open sourced by Microsoft in 2017.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88">88</a>
Also the same year, the Windows development was moved to <a href="/facts/Git/U5Ty9QmQ">Git</a> and Microsoft open sourced the <a href="/facts/Virtual_File_System_for_Git/2Je9ySG1">Git Virtual File System</a> (GVFS) developed for that purpose.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89">89</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90">90</a> Other contributions to Git include a number of performance improvements useful when working with large repositories.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91">91</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92">92</a> Microsoft opened the <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Store_(digital)/tnnWFhAF">Microsoft Store</a> to open source applications and gave the keynote speech at the <a href="/facts/Open_Source_Summit/JWUqoBya">Open Source Summit</a> North America 2017 in Los Angeles.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93">93</a>
In 2018, the Microsoft CTO of Data spoke with ZDNet about the growing importance of open source stating that:

<blockquote>We meet customers where they are, and in particular if you want Linux we'll give you Linux; if you want MySQL, well we'll give you MySQL; you want NoSQL well we'll give you NoSQL -- that means you need to be part of open source; open source by nature is a community thing.— <a href="/facts/Raghu_Ramakrishnan/H8Qc0Ibt">Raghu Ramakrishnan</a>, Microsoft CTO of Data<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94">94</a></blockquote>
Microsoft became Platinum Sponsor and delivered the keynote of the 2018 <a href="/facts/Southern_California_Linux_Expo/HkeD0Ede">Southern California Linux Expo</a> – the largest community-run open-source and free software conference in North America.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95">95</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:96" href="#fn:96">96</a>
Microsoft developed Linux-based operating systems for use with its <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Azure/CCnIHTHd">Azure cloud services</a>. Azure Cloud Switch supports the Azure infrastructure and is based on open source and proprietary technology, and Azure Sphere powers <a href="/facts/Internet_of_things/rwwGAxn3">Internet of things</a> devices. As part of its announcement, Microsoft acknowledged Linux's role in small devices where the full Windows operating system would be unnecessary.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:97" href="#fn:97">97</a>

Also in 2018, Microsoft acquired <a href="/facts/GitHub/n1hNCsc3">GitHub</a>, the largest host for open source project infrastructure. Microsoft is among the site's most active contributors and the site hosts the source code for Microsoft's <a href="/facts/Visual_Studio_Code/YsBDgKlK">Visual Studio Code</a> and .NET <a href="/facts/Runtime_system/YmCuC4xP">runtime system</a>. The company, though, has received some criticism for only providing limited returns to the Linux community, since the <a href="/facts/GPL_license/S75KhLSX">GPL license</a> lets Microsoft modify Linux source code for internal use without sharing those changes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:98" href="#fn:98">98</a>
In 2018, Microsoft included <a href="/facts/OpenSSH/2qxJ3Fe7">OpenSSH</a>, <a href="/facts/Tar_(computing)/DCJ37j3d">tar</a>, and <a href="/facts/CURL/01m2dW2j">curl</a> <a href="/facts/Command_(computing)/zUrvQbFy">commands</a> in Windows.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:99" href="#fn:99">99</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:100" href="#fn:100">100</a> Also, Microsoft released <a href="/facts/Windows_Calculator/JGxIKHgh">Windows Calculator</a> as open source under <a href="/facts/MIT_License/8llAQtlk">MIT License</a> on GitHub.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:101" href="#fn:101">101</a>
Since 2018, Microsoft has been a sponsor of the <a href="/facts/AdoptOpenJDK/KDzob3aF">AdoptOpenJDK</a> project. It is a drop-in replacement for <a href="/facts/Oracle_Corporation/0z14FygH">Oracle</a>'s <a href="/facts/Java_(programming_language)/9ScgFyAL">Java</a>/<a href="/facts/Java_Development_Kit/qL5cDos6">JDK</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:102" href="#fn:102">102</a>
In April 2018, Microsoft released the Windows 3.x/Windows NT <a href="/facts/File_Manager_(Windows)/IdJYk8Yg">File Manager</a> source code licensed under the <a href="/facts/MIT_License/8llAQtlk">MIT License</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:103" href="#fn:103">103</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:104" href="#fn:104">104</a> In August 2018, Microsoft added support for the open source <a href="/facts/Python_(programming_language)/YbuGqofa">Python</a> programming language to <a href="/facts/Power_BI/xqJUmU2w">Power BI</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:105" href="#fn:105">105</a> In October 2018, Microsoft joined the <a href="/facts/Open_Invention_Network/Db1rthwo">Open Invention Network</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:106" href="#fn:106">106</a> and cross-licensed 60,000 patents with the open source community.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:107" href="#fn:107">107</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:108" href="#fn:108">108</a>
In 2019, Microsoft's Windows Subsystem for Linux 2 transitioned from an emulated Linux kernel to a full Linux kernel within a <a href="/facts/Virtual_machine/BLevU3sx">virtual machine</a>, improving processor performance manifold. In-keeping with the GPL open source license, Microsoft will submit its kernel improvements for accommodation into the master, public release.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:109" href="#fn:109">109</a>
Also in 2019, Microsoft released <a href="/facts/Windows_Terminal/vq1ftQbT">Windows Terminal</a>, <a href="/facts/PowerToys/cfJJW5CK">PowerToys</a>, and the <a href="/facts/Microsoft_C%252B%252B_Standard_Library/A5vQNSAD">Microsoft C++ Standard Library</a> as open source<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:110" href="#fn:110">110</a> and transitioned its <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Edge/BGoJEFX9">Edge browser</a> to use the open source <a href="/facts/Chromium_(web_browser)/F1S8sAEt">Chromium</a> as the basis.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:111" href="#fn:111">111</a> The <a href="/facts/Windows_Console/p8vz2Cdk">Windows Console</a> infrastructure was open-sourced under the <a href="/facts/MIT_License/8llAQtlk">MIT License</a> alongside Windows Terminal.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:112" href="#fn:112">112</a>
After publishing <a href="/facts/ExFAT/w9R3QhPC">exFAT</a> as an <a href="/facts/Open_specification/RGvhGQVI">open specification</a>, Microsoft contributed the patents to the <a href="/facts/Open_Invention_Network/Db1rthwo">Open Invention Network</a> (OIN), and started upstreaming the <a href="/facts/Device_driver/rDYnHU1G">device driver</a> to the <a href="/facts/Linux_kernel/dlkduHuA">Linux kernel</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:113" href="#fn:113">113</a>
At <a href="/facts/Build_2019/nVnk6tUD">Build 2019</a>, Microsoft announced that it is open-sourcing its <a href="/facts/Quantum_Development_Kit/qRToC3jJ">Quantum Development Kit</a>, including its Q# compilers and simulators.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:114" href="#fn:114">114</a>
In December 2019, Microsoft released <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Teams/w21lo6BU">Microsoft Teams</a> for Linux. This marked the first time Microsoft released an <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Office/faD8vYG0">Office app</a> for the Linux operating system. The app is available in native <a href="/facts/Package_manager/kEX4kx7g">packages</a> in <a href="/facts/Deb_(file_format)/tTvVkqty">.deb</a> and <a href="/facts/RPM_Package_Manager/msKjb8FW">.rpm</a> formats.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:115" href="#fn:115">115</a> Also in December 2019, after <a href="/facts/JS_Foundation/J9oqdyl4">JS Foundation</a> and <a href="/facts/Node.js_Foundation/J9oqdyl4">Node.js Foundation</a> merged to form <a href="/facts/OpenJS_Foundation/J9oqdyl4">OpenJS Foundation</a>, Microsoft contributed the popular cross-platform desktop application development tool <a href="/facts/Electron_(software_framework)/15eHlAWQ">Electron</a> to OpenJS Foundation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:116" href="#fn:116">116</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:117" href="#fn:117">117</a>

<h4>2020s</h4>
<a href="/facts/Project_Verona/2FpCr3D2">Project Verona</a>, a memory-safe <a href="/facts/Research_programming_language/cWTYbgWa">research programming language</a>, was open sourced in January 2020.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:118" href="#fn:118">118</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:119" href="#fn:119">119</a> Microsoft released <a href="/facts/DeepSpeed/qRBmYYbw">DeepSpeed</a>, an open source <a href="/facts/Deep_learning/JLuwD3ea">deep learning</a> optimization library for <a href="/facts/PyTorch/4Gv1t13B">PyTorch</a>, in February 2020.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:120" href="#fn:120">120</a>
In 2020, Microsoft open sourced the <a href="/facts/Java_(programming_language)/9ScgFyAL">Java</a> extension for <a href="/facts/Microsoft_SQL_Server/eCdt2JBL">Microsoft SQL Server</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:121" href="#fn:121">121</a> <a href="/facts/MsQuic/vgGvmlte">MsQuic</a> (a <a href="/facts/Windows_NT_kernel/s0mJp1uG">Windows NT kernel</a> library for the <a href="/facts/QUIC/nQt0oLRW">QUIC</a> general-purpose <a href="/facts/Transport_layer/UmIGUCeK">transport layer</a> <a href="/facts/Network_protocol/5uady7cB">network protocol</a>),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:122" href="#fn:122">122</a> Project Petridish, a neural architecture search algorithm for deep learning,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:123" href="#fn:123">123</a> and the <a href="/facts/Fluid_Framework/6nTr10d2">Fluid Framework</a> for building distributed, real-time collaborative web applications.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:124" href="#fn:124">124</a> Microsoft also released the Linux-based <a href="/facts/Azure_Sphere/uYpnD0Es">Azure Sphere</a> operating system.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:125" href="#fn:125">125</a>
In March 2020, Microsoft acquired <a href="/facts/Npm_(software)/wJg3ebn2">npm</a>, the open source Node <a href="/facts/Package_manager/kEX4kx7g">package manager</a>. It is the world’s largest <a href="/facts/Software_registry/TlX4RM8Y">software registry</a> with more than 1.3 million packages that have 75 billion downloads a month.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:126" href="#fn:126">126</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:127" href="#fn:127">127</a> Also in March 2020, <a href="/facts/Microsoft/nGIDDXdx">Microsoft</a> together with researchers and leaders from the <a href="/facts/Allen_Institute_for_AI/gjMqU5vI">Allen Institute for AI</a>, the <a href="/facts/Chan_Zuckerberg_Initiative/4N35boUu">Chan Zuckerberg Initiative</a>, the <a href="/facts/Center_for_Security_and_Emerging_Technology/7qo4vfQm">Georgetown University's Center for Security and Emerging Technhology</a>, and the <a href="/facts/United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine/Hzty0MCX">National Library of Medicine</a> released <a href="/facts/CORD-19/NHLVsfXY">CORD-19</a>, a public dataset of academic articles about <a href="/facts/COVID-19/YsUgvsaX">COVID-19</a> and research related to the <a href="/facts/COVID-19_pandemic/0xTsh7Ut">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:128" href="#fn:128">128</a> The dataset is created through the use of <a href="/facts/Text_mining/5QsIa3Cz">text mining</a> of the current research literature.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:129" href="#fn:129">129</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:130" href="#fn:130">130</a>
After exploring different alternative options and talking with various well-known commercial and open source package manager teams including <a href="/facts/Chocolatey/EzKUx5B2">Chocolatey</a>, Scoop, <a href="/facts/Ninite/50dytkkE">Ninite</a> and others such as AppGet, <a href="/facts/Npackd/JPHvFEXx">Npackd</a> and the <a href="/facts/PowerShell/G1d10lwn">PowerShell</a> based <a href="/facts/OneGet/EzKUx5B2">OneGet</a> package manager-manager, Microsoft decided to develop and release the open source <a href="/facts/Windows_Package_Manager/NYB8UjNU">Windows Package Manager</a> in 2020.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:131" href="#fn:131">131</a>
Microsoft was one of the silver sponsors for the <a href="/facts/X.Org_Developer%25E2%2580%2599s_Conference/YGJCfVRM">X.Org Developer’s Conference</a> 2020 (XDC2020). Microsoft had multiple developers presenting on the opening day.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:132" href="#fn:132">132</a>
Microsoft completed the first phase of porting the <a href="/facts/Java_(programming_language)/9ScgFyAL">Java</a> <a href="/facts/OpenJDK/KDzob3aF">OpenJDK</a> for <a href="/facts/Windows_10_on_ARM/be9IHehJ">Windows 10 on ARM</a> devices in June 2020.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:133" href="#fn:133">133</a>
In August 2020, Microsoft became founding member of the <a href="/facts/Open_Source_Security_Foundation/9XgjqfGv">Open Source Security Foundation</a> (OpenSSF), a cross-industry forum for a collaborative effort to improve open source <a href="/facts/Software_security/7E5dIy7G">software security</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:134" href="#fn:134">134</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:135" href="#fn:135">135</a>
In September 2020, Microsoft released the <a href="/facts/Surface_Duo/wclX6aQA">Surface Duo</a>, an <a href="/facts/Android_(operating_system)/nNyHb0xz">Android</a>-based smartphone with a Linux kernel.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:136" href="#fn:136">136</a> The same month, Microsoft released <a href="/facts/OneFuzz/sg1Muz2V">OneFuzz</a>, a <a href="/facts/Self-hosting_(web_services)/5y84cmKG">self-hosted</a> <a href="/facts/Fuzzing/I1GK5kxr">fuzzing-as-a-service platform</a> that automates the detection of <a href="/facts/Software_bug/I1uSXySv">software bugs</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:137" href="#fn:137">137</a> It supports Windows and Linux.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:138" href="#fn:138">138</a>
Microsoft is a major contributor to the <a href="/facts/Chromium_(web_browser)/F1S8sAEt">Chromium project</a> with the highest percentage of all non-Google contributors coming from Microsoft (35.2%). The company has contributed 29.4% of all non-Google commits to the source code in 2020.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:139" href="#fn:139">139</a> <a href="/facts/CBL-Mariner/gMACQuof">CBL-Mariner</a>, a <a href="/facts/Cloud_infrastructure/guhg0FGV">cloud infrastructure</a> <a href="/facts/Operating_system/8XTuvMh2">operating system</a> based on <a href="/facts/Linux/9FvCKSTq">Linux</a> and developed by the Linux Systems Group at Microsoft for its edge network services and as part of its <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Azure/CCnIHTHd">Microsoft Azure</a> cloud infrastructure was open sourced in 2020.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:140" href="#fn:140">140</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:141" href="#fn:141">141</a>
In February 2021, Microsoft made the source code for its <a href="/facts/Extensible_Storage_Engine/PEqJ4Lhk">Extensible Storage Engine</a> (ESE) available on GitHub under MIT License.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:142" href="#fn:142">142</a> Also in February 2021, Microsoft, together with four other founding companies (<a href="/facts/Amazon_Web_Services/UFVN2796">AWS</a>, <a href="/facts/Huawei/Qwu0tbnL">Huawei</a>, <a href="/facts/Google/GT9Sugza">Google</a>, and <a href="/facts/Mozilla/FevL9Itn">Mozilla</a>) formed the <a href="/facts/Rust_Foundation/8JNMV19F">Rust Foundation</a> as an independent non-profit organization to steward the open source <a href="/facts/Rust_(programming_language)/8JNMV19F">Rust</a> <a href="/facts/Programming_language/cWTYbgWa">programming language</a> and ecosystem.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:143" href="#fn:143">143</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:144" href="#fn:144">144</a> In March 2021, Microsoft became founding member of the new <a href="/facts/Eclipse_Adoptium_Working_Group/3MlUpDRP">Eclipse Adoptium Working Group</a> whose goal is to promote free, open source <a href="/facts/Java_runtime/l9Nzrsun">Java runtimes</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:145" href="#fn:145">145</a> Microsoft released a preview of the <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Build_of_OpenJDK/KDzob3aF">Microsoft Build of OpenJDK</a> in April 2021. It is available for x64 server and desktop editions of Windows, as well as on <a href="/facts/Linux/9FvCKSTq">Linux</a> and <a href="/facts/MacOS/Y93vVpTm">macOS</a>. The company provides long-term support for this distribution of the OpenJDK.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:146" href="#fn:146">146</a> In April 2021, Microsoft also released a Windows 10 test build that includes the ability to run Linux <a href="/facts/Graphical_user_interface/wBlQFWDP">graphical user interface</a> (GUI) apps using <a href="/facts/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux_2/ou97bFN2">Windows Subsystem for Linux 2</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:147" href="#fn:147">147</a> In the following month, Microsoft launched an open source project to make the <a href="/facts/Berkeley_Packet_Filter/G9AHJjCr">Berkeley Packet Filter</a> work on Windows.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:148" href="#fn:148">148</a>
At the <a href="/facts/Windows_11/J2ywV8r4">Windows 11</a> announcement event in June 2021, Microsoft showcased the new <a href="/facts/Windows_Subsystem_for_Android/J2ywV8r4">Windows Subsystem for Android</a> (WSA) that will enable support for the <a href="/facts/Android_Open_Source_Project/nNyHb0xz">Android Open Source Project</a> (AOSP) and will allow users to run <a href="/facts/Android_app/nNyHb0xz">Android apps</a> on their Windows desktop.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:149" href="#fn:149">149</a>
In August 2021, Microsoft announced that it is expanding its partnership to become a Strategic Member at the Eclipse Foundation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:150" href="#fn:150">150</a>
Microsoft released the source code of <a href="/facts/3D_Movie_Maker/PqYJCJxI">3D Movie Maker</a> under the <a href="/facts/MIT_License/8llAQtlk">MIT License</a> in May 2022,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:151" href="#fn:151">151</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:152" href="#fn:152">152</a> following a request by the <a href="/facts/Twitter/VWwDNGUm">Twitter</a> user Foone a month earlier.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:153" href="#fn:153">153</a> Also in May, Microsoft joined the XDP community and released a new open-source <a href="/facts/Express_Data_Path/gFwn8Qjy">Express Data Path</a> interface for Windows.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:154" href="#fn:154">154</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:155" href="#fn:155">155</a>
In August 2022, Microsoft open sourced more than 1,500 of its 3D <a href="/facts/Emoji/Qkp7gwBH">emoji</a> to let creators remix and customize them. The library is available on <a href="/facts/Figma_(software)/wDrFARtH">Figma</a> and GitHub.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:156" href="#fn:156">156</a>
On May 18, 2025, Microsoft released <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Edit/6gARCW4e">Microsoft Edit</a>, an open-source recreation of the <a href="/facts/MS-DOS_Editor/6gARCW4e">MS-DOS Editor</a> written in the <a href="/facts/Rust_(programming_language)/8JNMV19F">Rust programming language</a> for modern versions of Windows.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:157" href="#fn:157">157</a>

<h2 id="support-of-open-source-organizations">Support of open source organizations</h2>
Microsoft is either founding member, joining member, contributing member, and/or sponsor of a number of open source related organizations and initiatives. Examples include:

<ul><li><a href="/facts/.NET_Foundation/X7cE1qXM">.NET Foundation</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:158" href="#fn:158">158</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Alliance_for_Open_Media/hh8D2xpK">Alliance for Open Media</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:159" href="#fn:159">159</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Apache_Software_Foundation/Xl9Tt9lE">Apache Software Foundation</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:160" href="#fn:160">160</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Bytecode_Alliance/7ukwnxY9">Bytecode Alliance</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:161" href="#fn:161">161</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Cloud_Native_Computing_Foundation/8mLVvEfR">Cloud Native Computing Foundation</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:162" href="#fn:162">162</a></li>
<li>CodePlex Foundation, later known as <a href="/facts/Outercurve_Foundation/Na8qBPQV">Outercurve Foundation</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:163" href="#fn:163">163</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Confidential_Computing_Consortium/5wbe2Vp0">Confidential Computing Consortium</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:164" href="#fn:164">164</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Eclipse_Adoptium_Working_Group/3MlUpDRP">Eclipse Adoptium Working Group</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:165" href="#fn:165">165</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Eclipse_Foundation/dq96nh6j">Eclipse Foundation</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:166" href="#fn:166">166</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/F_Sharp_Software_Foundation/DT67qjqr">F# Software Foundation</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:167" href="#fn:167">167</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Hyperledger/8Qj5GhC1">Hyperledger</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:168" href="#fn:168">168</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Linux_Foundation/5wbe2Vp0">Linux Foundation</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:169" href="#fn:169">169</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/MariaDB_Foundation/QWobVFIq">MariaDB Foundation</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:170" href="#fn:170">170</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Node.js_Foundation/J9oqdyl4">Node.js Foundation</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:171" href="#fn:171">171</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Open_3D_Foundation/5wbe2Vp0">Open 3D Foundation</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:172" href="#fn:172">172</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/OpenAPI_Initiative/QrSdM4bg">OpenAPI Initiative</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:173" href="#fn:173">173</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/OpenBMC/J76PUENh">OpenBMC</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:174" href="#fn:174">174</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/OpenChain/5wbe2Vp0">OpenChain</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:175" href="#fn:175">175</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Open_Compute_Project/nCt85QF1">Open Compute Project</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:176" href="#fn:176">176</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Open_Connectivity_Foundation/SlNRVtth">Open Connectivity Foundation</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:177" href="#fn:177">177</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Open_Container_Initiative/dvvVEUPq">Open Container Initiative</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:178" href="#fn:178">178</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Open_Infrastructure_Foundation/bAfb8KVQ">Open Infrastructure Foundation</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:179" href="#fn:179">179</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Open_Invention_Network/Db1rthwo">Open Invention Network</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:180" href="#fn:180">180</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/OpenJS_Foundation/J9oqdyl4">OpenJS Foundation</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:181" href="#fn:181">181</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Open_Source_Initiative/sJtjc2EF">Open Source Initiative</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:182" href="#fn:182">182</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Open_Source_Security_Foundation/9XgjqfGv">Open Source Security Foundation</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:183" href="#fn:183">183</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Open_Web_Foundation/vbmdVTSF">Open Web Foundation</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:184" href="#fn:184">184</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Outreachy/FgRwBR2G">Outreachy</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:185" href="#fn:185">185</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/R_Consortium/5wbe2Vp0">R Consortium</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:186" href="#fn:186">186</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/R_Foundation/LSrkr8K8">R Foundation</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:187" href="#fn:187">187</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Rust_Foundation/8JNMV19F">Rust Foundation</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:188" href="#fn:188">188</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/The_Open_Group/uRoDdEae">The Open Group</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:189" href="#fn:189">189</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Unified_Patents/C8qMpJyC">Unified Patents</a> Open Source Zone<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:190" href="#fn:190">190</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="selected-products">Selected products</h2>

<ul><li><a href="/facts/.NET/PDMQdfFu">.NET</a> – <a href="/facts/Managed_code/3jJfe94N">Managed code</a> <a href="/facts/Software_framework/EWasA8sG">software framework</a> for Windows, Linux, and macOS operating systems<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:191" href="#fn:191">191</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Roslyn_(compiler)/y2lksQ5d">.NET Compiler Platform (Roslyn)</a> – <a href="/facts/Compiler/WNfCDFJe">Compilers</a> and <a href="/facts/Code_analysis/b56nr6QM">code analysis</a> APIs for <a href="/facts/C_Sharp_(programming_language)/UC2gxeyb">C#</a> and <a href="/facts/Visual_Basic_.NET/09mPEo4q">Visual Basic .NET</a> programming languages</li>
<li><a href="/facts/.NET_Gadgeteer/qMf3mYSf">.NET Gadgeteer</a> – Rapid-prototyping standard for building small electronic devices</li>
<li><a href="/facts/.NET_MAUI/Igdd6vw8">.NET MAUI</a> – A cross-platform <a href="/facts/UI_toolkit/v8wM8wwy">UI toolkit</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/.NET_Micro_Framework/334B92WM">.NET Micro Framework</a> – <a href="/facts/.NET_Framework/J6QDAUhP">.NET Framework</a> platform for resource-constrained devices</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="/facts/3D_Movie_Maker/PqYJCJxI">3D Movie Maker</a> – A children's <a href="/facts/Computer_program/e38jH9N9">computer program</a> developed by <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Home/bRl1xuIu">Microsoft Home</a>'s <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Kids/bRl1xuIu">Microsoft Kids</a> subsidiary for making <a href="/facts/Film/wM3b9Kk3">films</a> using <a href="/facts/3D_computer_graphics/zlWW6eaF">3D computer graphics</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/AirSim/fpYSh80b">AirSim</a> – Simulator for drones, cars and other objects, built as a platform for <a href="/facts/AI/lJGauQwX">AI</a> research</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Allegiance_(video_game)/722CSbsA">Allegiance</a> – <a href="/facts/Multiplayer_video_game/8CC60Nwj">Multiplayer</a> <a href="/facts/Online_game/UH6ItLnW">online game</a> providing a mix of <a href="/facts/Real-time_strategy/0xmCAUgz">real-time strategy</a> and player piloted <a href="/facts/Space_combat_simulator/hfzTFLxG">space combat</a> gameplay</li>
<li><a href="/facts/ASP.NET/xq7KM8mN">ASP.NET</a> – It is a web application framework developed for building dynamic web applications and services.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/ASP.NET_AJAX/ubN4mlFI">ASP.NET AJAX</a> – It is a set of extensions for ASP.NET that enables developers to create asynchronous, interactive web applications.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/ASP.NET_Core/t93JjWxg">ASP.NET Core</a> – It is an open-source, cross-platform framework developed for building modern web applications and services.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/ASP.NET_MVC/KFyeWXHx">ASP.NET MVC</a> – It is a web application framework which follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/ASP.NET_Razor/JtSUR2SJ">ASP.NET Razor</a> – It is a markup syntax used in ASP.NET for creating web pages.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/ASP.NET_Web_Forms/d4tnbp4b">ASP.NET Web Forms –</a> It is a web application framework that allows developers to build dynamic websites by utilizing a component-based approach.</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="/facts/Atom_(text_editor)/fHN07lHW">Atom</a> – <a href="/facts/Text_editor/jPCgtbvN">Text</a> and <a href="/facts/Source_code_editor/D0hecHMt">source code editor</a> for <a href="/facts/MacOS/Y93vVpTm">macOS</a>, <a href="/facts/Linux/9FvCKSTq">Linux</a>, and <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Windows/bwhAhuSL">Microsoft Windows</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Babylon.js/skqbUE9C">Babylon.js</a> – A <a href="/facts/Real-time_computing/p9HxgL4L">real time</a> 3D engine using a <a href="/facts/JavaScript/XhhIIEsl">JavaScript</a> library for displaying <a href="/facts/3D_computer_graphics/zlWW6eaF">3D graphics</a> in a web browser via <a href="/facts/HTML5/HBAxEAr6">HTML5</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/BitFunnel/MFHVUYL8">BitFunnel</a> – A signature-based <a href="/facts/Search_engine/SRntsbz2">search engine</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Blazor/DflqmThl">Blazor</a> – <a href="/facts/Web_framework/8f1CVHDX">Web framework</a> that enables developers to create <a href="/facts/Web_app/BLkF3BIN">web apps</a> using <a href="/facts/C_Sharp_(programming_language)/UC2gxeyb">C#</a> and <a href="/facts/HTML/sSc3fT78">HTML</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Bosque_(programming_language)/fSrSkaeJ">Bosque</a> – <a href="/facts/Functional_programming/cdxqPEIM">Functional programming</a> language<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:192" href="#fn:192">192</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/C%252B%252B%2fWinRT/6TX9dCJk">C++/WinRT</a> – <a href="/facts/C%252B%252B/Et0F2qn9">C++</a> library for Microsoft's <a href="/facts/Windows_Runtime/82L9965U">Windows Runtime</a> platform, designed to provide access to modern <a href="/facts/Windows_API/RRw4RtTu">Windows APIs</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/C_Sharp_(programming_language)/UC2gxeyb">C#</a> – General-purpose, <a href="/facts/Multi-paradigm_programming_language/7LwgRpB3">multi-paradigm programming language</a> encompassing <a href="/facts/Strong_typing/WYexudnr">strong typing</a>, <a href="/facts/Lexically_scoped/bbj6AFMo">lexically scoped</a>, <a href="/facts/Imperative_programming/6b5dUnE1">imperative</a>, <a href="/facts/Declarative_programming/gogtdzcJ">declarative</a>, <a href="/facts/Functional_programming/cdxqPEIM">functional</a>, <a href="/facts/Generic_programming/kqtqJk7p">generic</a>, <a href="/facts/Object-oriented_programming/TxNMEcao">object-oriented</a> (<a href="/facts/Class_(computer_science)/zvzkSAtE">class</a>-based), and <a href="/facts/Component-based_software_engineering/eW5wvSHC">component-oriented</a> programming disciplines</li>
<li><a href="/facts/CBL-Mariner/gMACQuof">CBL-Mariner</a> – <a href="/facts/Cloud_infrastructure/guhg0FGV">Cloud infrastructure</a> <a href="/facts/Operating_system/8XTuvMh2">operating system</a> based on Linux</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Chakra_(JavaScript_engine)/fIgapWd0">ChakraCore</a> – <a href="/facts/JavaScript/XhhIIEsl">JavaScript</a> engine</li>
<li><a href="/facts/ChronoZoom/JSCG7GVu">ChronoZoom</a> – Project that visualizes <a href="/facts/Time/3ShdpqLx">time</a> on the broadest possible scale from the <a href="/facts/Big_Bang/I5T1vTnv">Big Bang</a> to the <a href="/facts/Present/k3ke8J3m">present</a> day</li>
<li><a href="/facts/CLR_Profiler/p2KUmByC">CLR Profiler</a> – Memory <a href="/facts/Profiler_(computing)/JbSlDHPP">profiler</a> for the <a href="/facts/.NET_Framework/J6QDAUhP">.NET Framework</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Conference_XP/pgqBLzDG">Conference XP</a> – <a href="/facts/Video_conferencing/Ya9TMFQD">Video conferencing</a> platform</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Dafny/a8UjhGNL">Dafny</a> – <a href="/facts/Imperative_programming/6b5dUnE1">Imperative</a> <a href="/facts/Compiled_programming_language/WRqIRjFx">compiled language</a> that targets <a href="/facts/C_Sharp_(programming_language)/UC2gxeyb">C#</a> and supports <a href="/facts/Formal_specification/4q2oDkvS">formal specification</a> through <a href="/facts/Preconditions/dWbBdG2e">preconditions</a>, <a href="/facts/Postconditions/4tF1Havd">postconditions</a>, <a href="/facts/Loop_invariant/fIbNgcsI">loop invariants</a> and <a href="/facts/Loop_variant/cBGrhPwv">loop variants</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Dapr/typwj9Vj">Dapr</a> – Event-driven, portable <a href="/facts/Runtime_system/YmCuC4xP">runtime system</a> designed to support <a href="/facts/Cloud_native_computing/WhoeJwQQ">cloud native</a> and <a href="/facts/Serverless_computing/NKDtLmfI">serverless computing</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/DeepSpeed/qRBmYYbw">DeepSpeed</a> – <a href="/facts/Deep_learning/JLuwD3ea">Deep learning</a> optimization library for <a href="/facts/PyTorch/4Gv1t13B">PyTorch</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Microsoft_Detours/JtvDqBnc">Detours</a> – C++ library for intercepting, monitoring and instrumenting binary functions on Microsoft Windows</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="/facts/DiskSpd/7XGxdcEb">DiskSpd</a> – <a href="/facts/Command-line_tool/R9JpGmXQ">Command-line tool</a> for storage <a href="/facts/Benchmark_(computing)/XSS42cRe">benchmarking</a> that generates a variety of requests against <a href="/facts/Computer_file/FjFH3Ufm">computer files</a>, <a href="/facts/Disk_partitioning/wrBk5RRS">partitions</a> or <a href="/facts/Computer_data_storage/wPHKFpdx">storage devices</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Dynamic_Language_Runtime/Py4udCP9">Dynamic Language Runtime</a> – Runtime that runs on top of the <a href="/facts/Common_Language_Runtime/4Y0cUdkd">CLR</a> and provides <a href="/facts/Computer_language/n3L56qdP">computer language</a> services for <a href="/facts/Dynamic_language/j8cQm8RF">dynamic languages</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/EBPF_on_Windows/qesJRqpf">eBPF on Windows</a> – Register-based virtual machine designed to run a custom 64-bit RISC-like architecture via just-in-time compilation inside the kernel</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Extensible_Storage_Engine/PEqJ4Lhk">Extensible Storage Engine</a> – An <a href="/facts/ISAM/J1Q7sty3">ISAM</a> <a href="/facts/Database_engine/w4V0QlqB">database engine</a> that provides <a href="/facts/Transaction_(database)/q1Etrsl8">transacted</a> data update and retrieval</li>
<li><a href="/facts/F*_(programming_language)/nXDhQebE">F*</a> – <a href="/facts/Functional_programming_language/cdxqPEIM">Functional programming language</a> inspired by <a href="/facts/ML_(programming_language)/RfwxASRF">ML</a> and aimed at <a href="/facts/Program_verification/BYD4GnJR">program verification</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/F_Sharp_(programming_language)/jdXHnYz5">F#</a> – General purpose, <a href="/facts/Strong_and_weak_typing/WYexudnr">strongly typed</a>, <a href="/facts/Programming_paradigm/7LwgRpB3">multi-paradigm</a> <a href="/facts/Programming_language/cWTYbgWa">programming language</a> that encompasses <a href="/facts/Functional_programming/cdxqPEIM">functional</a>, <a href="/facts/Imperative_programming/6b5dUnE1">imperative</a>, and <a href="/facts/Object-oriented_programming/TxNMEcao">object-oriented programming</a> methods</li>
<li><a href="/facts/File_Manager_(Windows)/IdJYk8Yg">File Manager</a> – <a href="/facts/File_manager/t7CSQ40a">File manager</a> for Microsoft Windows</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Fluid_Framework/6nTr10d2">Fluid Framework</a> – Platform for <a href="/facts/Collaborative_real-time_editor/A3UsbNLn">real-time collaboration</a> across applications<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:193" href="#fn:193">193</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:194" href="#fn:194">194</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/fourqlib/">FourQlib</a> – <a href="/facts/Reference_implementation/k9B97xel">Reference implementation</a> of the <a href="/facts/FourQ/0P2nAnvn">FourQ</a> <a href="/facts/Elliptic_curve_cryptography/YbjcXIWk">elliptic curve</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/GW-BASIC/3XcQtD2e">GW-BASIC</a> – Dialect of the <a href="/facts/BASIC/ELoTkjnM">BASIC</a> <a href="/facts/Programming_language/cWTYbgWa">programming language</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Microsoft_C%252B%252B_Standard_Library/A5vQNSAD">Microsoft C++ Standard Library</a> – Implementation of the <a href="/facts/C%252B%252B_Standard_Library/A5vQNSAD">C++ Standard Library</a> (also known as the STL)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:195" href="#fn:195">195</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Microsoft_Edit/6gARCW4e">Microsoft Edit</a> – <a href="/facts/Text-based_user_interface/bngNtqIY">TUI</a> <a href="/facts/Text_editor/jPCgtbvN">text editor</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="/facts/Mixed_Reality_Toolkit/Jk2FY0Mq">Mixed Reality Toolkit</a> – Software development kit (SDK) for the development of <a href="/facts/Mixed_reality/DaqNCIPp">mixed reality</a> (MR) and <a href="/facts/Augmented_reality/xQk3nd1z">augmented reality</a> (AR) software applications</li>
<li><a href="/facts/MonoDevelop/HN4e0nVj">MonoDevelop</a> – <a href="/facts/Integrated_development_environment/jbEINSQf">Integrated development environment</a> for Linux, macOS, and Windows</li>
<li><a href="/facts/MSBuild/mm7VTkk2">MSBuild</a> – <a href="/facts/Build_tool/gWwxNg5K">Build tool</a> set for <a href="/facts/Managed_code/3jJfe94N">managed code</a> as well as native <a href="/facts/C%252B%252B/Et0F2qn9">C++</a> code</li>
<li><a href="/facts/MsQuic/vgGvmlte">MsQuic</a> – Implementation of the <a href="/facts/IETF/tIcCsFhX">IETF</a> <a href="/facts/QUIC/nQt0oLRW">QUIC</a> protocol</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Neural_Network_Intelligence/F69M6hF2">Neural Network Intelligence</a> – An <a href="/facts/AutoML/7MRUSKHq">AutoML</a> toolkit</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Npm_(software)/wJg3ebn2">npm</a> – <a href="/facts/Package_manager/kEX4kx7g">Package manager</a> for the <a href="/facts/JavaScript/XhhIIEsl">JavaScript</a> programming language</li>
<li><a href="/facts/OneFuzz/sg1Muz2V">OneFuzz</a> – Cross-platform <a href="/facts/Fuzzer/I1GK5kxr">fuzz testing framework</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Open_Live_Writer/yozWNker">Open Live Writer</a> – Desktop <a href="/facts/Blog/bb6awu2X">blogging</a> application</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Open_Management_Infrastructure/n4f4Yrps">Open Management Infrastructure</a> – <a href="/facts/Common_Information_Model_(computing)/B8MTC0kh">CIM</a> management server</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Open_XML_SDK/cuhpElSM">Open XML SDK</a> – set of <a href="/facts/Managed_code/3jJfe94N">managed code</a> libraries to create and manipulate <a href="/facts/Office_Open_XML/294uNJrf">Office Open XML</a> files programmatically</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Orleans_(software_framework)/YDUUfDue">Orleans</a> – Cross-platform <a href="/facts/Software_framework/EWasA8sG">software framework</a> for building scalable and robust distributed applications based on the .NET Framework</li>
<li><a href="/facts/P_(programming_language)/lCoc90KF">P</a> – Programming language for asynchronous <a href="/facts/Event-driven_programming/QlGL2Fu6">event-driven programming</a> and the <a href="/facts/Internet_of_things/rwwGAxn3">IoT</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="/facts/Microsoft_Power_Fx/9f1P0KsM">Power Fx</a> – <a href="/facts/Low-code/JEEGmlVl">Low-code</a>, <a href="/facts/General-purpose_programming_language/LyA5zR3M">general-purpose</a> programming language for expressing logic across the <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Power_Platform/Izqae1tn">Microsoft Power Platform</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/PowerShell/G1d10lwn">PowerShell</a> – Command-line <a href="/facts/Shell_(computing)/Sa67elS7">shell</a> and <a href="/facts/Scripting_language/8pF4ajBL">scripting language</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:196" href="#fn:196">196</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Process_Monitor/yJmmKLN9">Process Monitor</a> – Tool that monitors and displays in real-time all file system activity</li>
<li><a href="/facts/ProcDump/A4te9aVz">ProcDump</a> – Command-line application for creating <a href="/facts/Crash_dump/rnhaVc2f">crash dumps</a> during a <a href="/facts/CPU/Jxp1bqMV">CPU</a> spike<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:197" href="#fn:197">197</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Project_Mu/16FlDme2">Project Mu</a> – <a href="/facts/UEFI/w86VGmy2">UEFI</a> core used in <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Surface/9J4JzCyg">Microsoft Surface</a> and <a href="/facts/Hyper-V/3Qm0yJsv">Hyper-V</a> products</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Project_Verona/2FpCr3D2">Project Verona</a> – Experimental <a href="/facts/Memory_safety/sMWW6SY8">memory-safe</a> <a href="/facts/Research_programming_language/cWTYbgWa">research programming language</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Microsoft_PowerToys/cfJJW5CK">PowerToys for Windows 10</a> – <a href="/facts/System_utilities/0faaXG4d">System utilities</a> for <a href="/facts/Power_user/DpzdFQ32">power users</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/ReactiveX/PUruKUHN">ReactiveX</a> – A set of tools allowing <a href="/facts/Imperative_programming/6b5dUnE1">imperative programming</a> languages to operate on sequences of data regardless of whether the data is <a href="/facts/Synchronous/L39sYwbr">synchronous</a> or <a href="/facts/Asynchronous_programming/1cwyNFMu">asynchronous</a> implementing <a href="/facts/Reactive_programming/Jj8CsdKY">reactive programming</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/RecursiveExtractor/Igdd6vw8">RecursiveExtractor</a> – An <a href="/facts/Archive_file/u7BIXv7D">archive file</a> extraction library written in C#</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Sandcastle_(software)/U3Iq2lUf">Sandcastle</a> – <a href="/facts/Documentation_generator/YA1UJ8ts">Documentation generator</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/StyleCop/6pY1de2j">StyleCop</a> – <a href="/facts/Static_code_analysis/b56nr6QM">Static code analysis</a> tool that checks C# code for conformance to recommended <a href="/facts/Coding_style/8HoSgA0e">coding styles</a> and a subset of the .NET Framework design guidelines</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="/facts/Windows_Terminal/vq1ftQbT">Windows Terminal</a> – <a href="/facts/Terminal_emulator/yNfevBJd">Terminal emulator</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:198" href="#fn:198">198</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:199" href="#fn:199">199</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/TypeScript/A6XNmrTd">TypeScript</a> – Programming language similar to <a href="/facts/JavaScript/XhhIIEsl">JavaScript</a>, among the most popular on GitHub<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:200" href="#fn:200">200</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/U-Prove/1MSj6nLq">U-Prove</a> – Cross-platform technology and accompanying <a href="/facts/Software_development_kit/2Hkk6Hbs">SDK</a> for user-centric <a href="/facts/Identity_management/D4Ukft0T">identity management</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Vcpkg/oUhAnCP9">vcpkg</a> – Cross-platform <a href="/facts/Package_manager/kEX4kx7g">package manager</a> used to simplify the acquisition and installation of third-party <a href="/facts/Library_(computing)/xRzL3P7q">libraries</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Virtual_File_System_for_Git/2Je9ySG1">VFS for Git</a> – <a href="/facts/Virtual_file_system/lRI31T4T">Virtual file system</a> extension to the <a href="/facts/Git/U5Ty9QmQ">Git</a> version control system</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Visual_Basic_.NET/09mPEo4q">Visual Basic .NET</a> – <a href="/facts/Multi-paradigm_programming_language/7LwgRpB3">Multi-paradigm</a>, <a href="/facts/Object-oriented_programming/TxNMEcao">object-oriented</a> <a href="/facts/Programming_language/cWTYbgWa">programming language</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Visual_Studio_Code/YsBDgKlK">Visual Studio Code</a> – <a href="/facts/Source_code_editor/D0hecHMt">Source code editor</a> and <a href="/facts/Debugger/mCe6UsWj">debugger</a> for Windows, Linux and macOS,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:201" href="#fn:201">201</a> and GitHub's top open source project<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:202" href="#fn:202">202</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/VoTT/8MfsTcyV">VoTT</a> (Visual Object Tagging Tool) – <a href="/facts/Electron_(software_framework)/15eHlAWQ">Electron app</a> for <a href="/facts/Image_annotation/8V2cAfwG">image annotation</a> and labeling</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="/facts/Vowpal_Wabbit/kF9JGLJo">Vowpal Wabbit</a> – <a href="/facts/Online_machine_learning/4BoJlDfg">online</a> interactive <a href="/facts/Machine_learning/e0w0XJTu">machine learning</a> system library and program</li>
<li><a href="/facts/WikiBhasha/ekjuBTWY">WikiBhasha</a> – <a href="/facts/Multi-lingual/WgzhSW6h">Multi-lingual</a> content creation application for the <a href="/facts/Wikipedia/La2xLBFt">Wikipedia</a> online <a href="/facts/Encyclopedia/fRsmb4q6">encyclopedia</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Windows_Calculator/JGxIKHgh">Windows Calculator</a> – Software <a href="/facts/Calculator/eeLfRS8L">calculator</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:203" href="#fn:203">203</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:204" href="#fn:204">204</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Windows_Communication_Foundation/IoErd0b4">Windows Communication Foundation</a> – <a href="/facts/Run-time_system/YmCuC4xP">runtime</a> and a set of <a href="/facts/Application_Programming_Interface/GMlN4vUr">APIs</a> for building connected, <a href="/facts/Service-oriented_architecture/g8krR0dk">service-oriented</a> applications</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Windows_Console/p8vz2Cdk">Windows Console</a> – <a href="/facts/Terminal_emulator/yNfevBJd">Terminal emulator</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Windows_Driver_Frameworks/HdlLLRCE">Windows Driver Frameworks</a> – Tools and libraries that aid in the creation of device drivers for <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Windows/bwhAhuSL">Microsoft Windows</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Windows_Forms/H8VpGJxX">Windows Forms</a> – <a href="/facts/Graphical_user_interface/wBlQFWDP">Graphical user interface</a> (GUI) <a href="/facts/Library_(computing)/xRzL3P7q">class library</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="/facts/Windows_Package_Manager/NYB8UjNU">Windows Package Manager</a> – <a href="/facts/Package_manager/kEX4kx7g">Package manager</a> for Windows 10</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Windows_Presentation_Foundation/KTs9FcFn">Windows Presentation Foundation</a> – Graphical subsystem (similar to <a href="/facts/WinForms/H8VpGJxX">WinForms</a>) for rendering <a href="/facts/User_interface/e9sPEWVD">user interfaces</a> in Windows-based applications</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux/ou97bFN2">Windows Subsystem for Linux</a> – Windows component that allows a GNU/Linux environment to be used from within Windows.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Windows_Template_Library/u5V4oKl8">Windows Template Library</a> – <a href="/facts/Object-oriented_programming/TxNMEcao">Object-oriented</a> <a href="/facts/C%252B%252B/Et0F2qn9">C++</a> template <a href="/facts/Library_(computing)/xRzL3P7q">library</a> for <a href="/facts/Win32/RRw4RtTu">Win32</a> development</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Windows_UI_Library/Igdd6vw8">Windows UI Library</a> – Set of <a href="/facts/UI_control/SuVeScB2">UI controls</a> and features for the <a href="/facts/Universal_Windows_Platform/8mQ57pLM">Universal Windows Platform</a> (UWP)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/WinJS/76BKAjyd">WinJS</a> – <a href="/facts/JavaScript/XhhIIEsl">JavaScript</a> <a href="/facts/Library_(computing)/xRzL3P7q">library</a> for cross-platform app development</li>
<li><a href="/facts/WinObjC/8mQ57pLM">WinObjC</a> – <a href="/facts/Middleware/HobNosz9">Middleware</a> toolkit that allows <a href="/facts/IOS/mK5cggH5">iOS</a> apps developed in <a href="/facts/Objective-C/5mM557BW">Objective-C</a> to be ported to Windows 10</li>
<li><a href="/facts/WiX/bozKhva9">WiX</a> (Windows Installer XML Toolset) – Toolset for building <a href="/facts/Windows_Installer/PGsKkYBr">Windows Installer</a> packages from <a href="/facts/XML/clNgUfWk">XML</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/WorldWide_Telescope/34xURL2p">WorldWide Telescope</a> – Astronomy software</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="/facts/XDP_for_Windows/gFwn8Qjy">XDP for Windows</a> – Interface used to accelerate networking by bypassing most of the OS networking stack<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:205" href="#fn:205">205</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/XML_Notepad/ADuYjhNj">XML Notepad</a> – <a href="/facts/XML_editor/v2dmuegs">XML editor</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/XSP_(software)/n8pG51PL">XSP</a> – Standalone <a href="/facts/Web_server/A4GS6thA">web server</a> written in <a href="/facts/C_Sharp_(programming_language)/UC2gxeyb">C#</a> that hosts <a href="/facts/ASP.NET/xq7KM8mN">ASP.NET</a> for <a href="/facts/Unix-like/YAKrAxzd">Unix-like</a> operating systems</li>
<li><a href="/facts/XUnit.net/9NQKqatI">xUnit.net</a> – <a href="/facts/Unit_testing/SYoGGS3T">Unit testing</a> tool for the .NET Framework</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Z3_Theorem_Prover/bjMGgnYF">Z3 Theorem Prover</a> – Cross-platform <a href="/facts/Satisfiability_modulo_theories/10mBFLFB">satisfiability modulo theories</a> (SMT) solver</li></ul>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul>
<li>Free and open-source software portal</li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Free_software_movement/aLlvF4D4">Free software movement</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/History_of_free_and_open-source_software/3hFsHMAX">History of free and open-source software</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Timeline_of_free_and_open-source_software/ozxuSnF7">Timeline of free and open-source software</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Comparison_of_open-source_and_closed-source_software/DAr4xUx3">Comparison of open-source and closed-source software</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Business_models_for_open-source_software/FLBEQ73t">Business models for open-source software</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2>

<ul><li>Radits, Markus (January 25, 2019). A Business Ecology Perspective on Community-Driven Open Source: The Case of the Free and Open Source Content Management System Joomla. Linköping University Electronic Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-91-7685-305-4.</li>
<li>Bright, Peter (May 10, 2019). <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2019/05/microsoft-the-open-source-company/">"Microsoft: The open source company"</a>. <a href="/facts/Ars_Technica/zvnX7pnh">Ars Technica</a>. Retrieved May 11, 2019.</li>
<li>Hayes, Frank (March 19, 2001). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dFT5Vb1soN0C&pg=PA78">"The Microsoft Way"</a>. <a href="/facts/Computerworld/fEvubHhX">Computerworld</a>. Vol. 35, no. 12. p. 78. <a href="/facts/ISSN_(identifier)/DPAflDvU">ISSN</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0010-4841">0010-4841</a>.</li>
<li>Nadella, Satya (2017). Hit Refresh: The Quest to Rediscover Microsoft's Soul and Imagine a Better Future for Everyone. Harper Business. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0062652508.</li>
<li>Ovide, Shira (April 16, 2012). <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304432704577347783238850756">"Microsoft Dips Further Into Open-Source Software"</a>. <a href="/facts/Wall_Street_Journal/9Pkf2cYK">Wall Street Journal</a>. <a href="/facts/ISSN_(identifier)/DPAflDvU">ISSN</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>.</li>
<li>Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. (October 29, 2014). <a href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/why-microsoft-loves-linux/">"Why Microsoft loves Linux"</a>. <a href="/facts/ZDNet/N69bLRQz">ZDNet</a>. Retrieved April 21, 2019.</li>
<li>Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. (January 26, 2015). <a href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-the-open-source-company/">"Microsoft: The open-source company"</a>. ZDNet. Retrieved December 31, 2019.</li>
<li>Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. (June 9, 2016). <a href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/why-microsoft-is-turning-into-an-open-source-company/">"Why Microsoft is turning into an open-source company"</a>. <a href="/facts/ZDNet/N69bLRQz">ZDNet</a>. Retrieved April 21, 2019.</li>
<li>Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. (December 30, 2019). <a href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/2019s-five-biggest-linux-and-open-source-stories/">"Linux and open-source rules: 2019's five biggest stories show why"</a>. ZDNet. Retrieved December 31, 2019.</li>
<li>Warren, Tom (April 29, 2019). <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2019/4/29/18515776/microsoft-design-open-fluent-prototypes-history">"How Microsoft learned from the past to redesign its future"</a>. <a href="/facts/The_Verge/GNkdYcJe">The Verge</a>. Retrieved April 30, 2019.</li>
<li>Warren, Tom (May 18, 2020). <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/18/21262103/microsoft-open-source-linux-history-wrong-statement">"Microsoft: we were wrong about open source"</a>. <a href="/facts/The_Verge/GNkdYcJe">The Verge</a>. Retrieved May 20, 2020.</li>
<li>Warren, Tom (October 22, 2021). <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2021/10/22/22740701/microsoft-dotnet-hot-reload-removal-decision-open-source">"Microsoft angers the .NET open source community with a controversial decision"</a>. <a href="/facts/The_Verge/GNkdYcJe">The Verge</a>. Retrieved October 23, 2021.</li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="https://opensource.microsoft.com/">Open source releases from Microsoft</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Bright, Peter (April 26, 2018). "Even Windows revenue is up in Microsoft's $26.8 billion 3Q18". Ars Technica. Retrieved December 18, 2019. <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2018/04/even-windows-revenue-is-up-in-microsofts-26-8-billion-3q18/" target="_blank">https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2018/04/even-windows-revenue-is-up-in-microsofts-26-8-billion-3q18/</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">"GitHub rivals gain from Microsoft acquisition but it's no mass exodus, yet". ZDNet. May 6, 2019. <a href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/github-rivals-gain-from-microsoft-acquisition-but-its-no-mass-exodus-yet/" target="_blank">https://www.zdnet.com/article/github-rivals-gain-from-microsoft-acquisition-but-its-no-mass-exodus-yet/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Asay, Matt (October 30, 2017). "Why Microsoft and Google are now leading the open source revolution". TechRepublic. Retrieved April 21, 2019. <a href="https://www.techrepublic.com/article/why-microsoft-and-google-are-now-leading-the-open-source-revolution/" target="_blank">https://www.techrepublic.com/article/why-microsoft-and-google-are-now-leading-the-open-source-revolution/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">"Microsoft may be the world's largest open source contributor, but developers don't care--yet". TechRepublic. November 4, 2018. <a href="https://www.techrepublic.com/article/microsoft-may-be-the-worlds-largest-open-source-contributor-but-developers-dont-yet-care/" target="_blank">https://www.techrepublic.com/article/microsoft-may-be-the-worlds-largest-open-source-contributor-but-developers-dont-yet-care/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Asay, Matt (February 7, 2018). "Who really contributes to open source". InfoWorld. <a href="https://www.infoworld.com/article/3253948/who-really-contributes-to-open-source.html" target="_blank">https://www.infoworld.com/article/3253948/who-really-contributes-to-open-source.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Radits 2019, pp. 13–14. - Radits, Markus (January 25, 2019). A Business Ecology Perspective on Community-Driven Open Source: The Case of the Free and Open Source Content Management System Joomla. Linköping University Electronic Press. ISBN 978-91-7685-305-4. <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Radits 2019, pp. 17–18. - Radits, Markus (January 25, 2019). A Business Ecology Perspective on Community-Driven Open Source: The Case of the Free and Open Source Content Management System Joomla. Linköping University Electronic Press. ISBN 978-91-7685-305-4. <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Radits 2019, pp. 27–28. - Radits, Markus (January 25, 2019). A Business Ecology Perspective on Community-Driven Open Source: The Case of the Free and Open Source Content Management System Joomla. Linköping University Electronic Press. ISBN 978-91-7685-305-4. <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Radits 2019, p. 27. - Radits, Markus (January 25, 2019). A Business Ecology Perspective on Community-Driven Open Source: The Case of the Free and Open Source Content Management System Joomla. Linköping University Electronic Press. ISBN 978-91-7685-305-4. <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Radits 2019, p. 30. - Radits, Markus (January 25, 2019). A Business Ecology Perspective on Community-Driven Open Source: The Case of the Free and Open Source Content Management System Joomla. Linköping University Electronic Press. ISBN 978-91-7685-305-4. <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Radits 2019, p. 31. - Radits, Markus (January 25, 2019). A Business Ecology Perspective on Community-Driven Open Source: The Case of the Free and Open Source Content Management System Joomla. Linköping University Electronic Press. ISBN 978-91-7685-305-4. <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">Radits 2019, p. 32. - Radits, Markus (January 25, 2019). A Business Ecology Perspective on Community-Driven Open Source: The Case of the Free and Open Source Content Management System Joomla. Linköping University Electronic Press. ISBN 978-91-7685-305-4. <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">Lea, Graham (July 31, 2000). "MS' Ballmer: Linux is communism". The Register. Retrieved August 24, 2021. <a href="https://www.theregister.com/2000/07/31/ms_ballmer_linux_is_communism/" target="_blank">https://www.theregister.com/2000/07/31/ms_ballmer_linux_is_communism/</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">Penenberg, Adam L. (November 21, 2005). "Red Herring". Slate. Retrieved August 24, 2021. <a href="https://slate.com/technology/2005/11/the-open-source-movement-isn-t-communism.html" target="_blank">https://slate.com/technology/2005/11/the-open-source-movement-isn-t-communism.html</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Hernandez, Daniela (July 4, 2014). "Watch Steve Ballmer Mock Linux While Dressed as The Matrix's Neo". Wired. Retrieved August 24, 2021. <a href="https://www.wired.com/2014/07/tech-time-warp-ms-matrix/" target="_blank">https://www.wired.com/2014/07/tech-time-warp-ms-matrix/</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">Radits 2019, p. 31. - Radits, Markus (January 25, 2019). A Business Ecology Perspective on Community-Driven Open Source: The Case of the Free and Open Source Content Management System Joomla. Linköping University Electronic Press. ISBN 978-91-7685-305-4. <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Barnes, Hayden (May 23, 2020). "Microsoft and Open Source: An unofficial timeline". boxofcables.dev. Retrieved October 18, 2020. <a href="https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/" target="_blank">https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">"Microsoft Resources for UNIX professionals". Microsoft. Archived from the original on October 22, 2003. Retrieved September 8, 2023. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031022182301/http://www.microsoft.com/windows/sfu/unixproresources/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20031022182301/http://www.microsoft.com/windows/sfu/unixproresources/</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">LinuxTag 2004 Ausstellerliste <a href="http://www.linuxtag.org/2004/exhibitorlist.html" target="_blank">http://www.linuxtag.org/2004/exhibitorlist.html</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">Download pages for WTL version 7.5, 8.0, 9.0, 9.1 and 10 <a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/wtl/files/" target="_blank">https://sourceforge.net/projects/wtl/files/</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">"FlexWiki: Microsofts Third Open Software Project", eWeek, September 28, 2004, retrieved April 5, 2012 <a href="http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Windows/FlexWiki-Microsofts-Third-Open-Software-Project/" target="_blank">http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Windows/FlexWiki-Microsofts-Third-Open-Software-Project/</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">Barnes, Hayden (May 23, 2020). "Microsoft and Open Source: An unofficial timeline". boxofcables.dev. Retrieved October 18, 2020. <a href="https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/" target="_blank">https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">Barnes, Hayden (May 23, 2020). "Microsoft and Open Source: An unofficial timeline". boxofcables.dev. Retrieved October 18, 2020. <a href="https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/" target="_blank">https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">Tim Sneath : Announcing Family.Show 2.0 - July 17, 2007 MSDN Blogs <a href="http://blogs.msdn.com/tims/archive/2007/07/17/announcing-family-show-2-0.aspx" target="_blank">http://blogs.msdn.com/tims/archive/2007/07/17/announcing-family-show-2-0.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:25">Tim Sneath : Announcing Family.Show v3 – Our WPF Reference Application - February 23, 2009, MSDN Blogs <a href="http://blogs.msdn.com/tims/archive/2009/02/23/announcing-family-show-v3-our-wpf-reference-application.aspx" target="_blank">http://blogs.msdn.com/tims/archive/2009/02/23/announcing-family-show-v3-our-wpf-reference-application.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:26">"Vertigo Software: I See Dead People with WPF" – via channel9.msdn.com. <a href="https://channel9.msdn.com/Shows/Inside+Out/Vertigo-Software-I-See-Dead-People-with-WPF" target="_blank">https://channel9.msdn.com/Shows/Inside+Out/Vertigo-Software-I-See-Dead-People-with-WPF</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:27">Mook, Nate (November 2, 2006). "Novell, Microsoft Ink Linux Partnership". betanews. Retrieved April 14, 2021. <a href="https://betanews.com/2006/11/02/novell-microsoft-ink-linux-partnership/" target="_blank">https://betanews.com/2006/11/02/novell-microsoft-ink-linux-partnership/</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:28">Wong, Grace (November 2, 2006). "Linux to work with Windows". CNN Money. Retrieved April 14, 2021. <a href="https://money.cnn.com/2006/11/02/technology/microsoft/" target="_blank">https://money.cnn.com/2006/11/02/technology/microsoft/</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:29">Thurston, Richard (June 11, 2007). "Microsoft appoints Linux interoperability chief". ZDNet. <a href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-appoints-linux-interoperability-chief/" target="_blank">https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-appoints-linux-interoperability-chief/</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:30">Krill, Paul (June 8, 2007). "Microsoft names Linux interop director". InfoWorld. <a href="https://www.infoworld.com/article/2644663/microsoft-names-linux-interop-director.html" target="_blank">https://www.infoworld.com/article/2644663/microsoft-names-linux-interop-director.html</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:31">Barnes, Hayden (May 23, 2020). "Microsoft and Open Source: An unofficial timeline". boxofcables.dev. Retrieved October 18, 2020. <a href="https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/" target="_blank">https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:32">Barnes, Hayden (May 23, 2020). "Microsoft and Open Source: An unofficial timeline". boxofcables.dev. Retrieved October 18, 2020. <a href="https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/" target="_blank">https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:33">"Microsoft Joins Apache Software Foundation -- Redmondmag.com". Redmondmag. <a href="https://redmondmag.com/articles/2008/07/28/microsoft-joins-apache-software-foundation.aspx" target="_blank">https://redmondmag.com/articles/2008/07/28/microsoft-joins-apache-software-foundation.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:34">Barnes, Hayden (May 23, 2020). "Microsoft and Open Source: An unofficial timeline". boxofcables.dev. Retrieved October 18, 2020. <a href="https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/" target="_blank">https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:35">Resig, John (September 28, 2008). "jQuery, Microsoft, and Nokia". jQuery Blog. jQuery. Retrieved January 29, 2009. <a href="http://jquery.com/blog/2008/09/28/jquery-microsoft-nokia/" target="_blank">http://jquery.com/blog/2008/09/28/jquery-microsoft-nokia/</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:36">Guthrie, Scott (September 28, 2008). "jQuery and Microsoft". ScottGu's Blog. Retrieved April 15, 2019. <a href="https://weblogs.asp.net/scottgu/jquery-and-microsoft" target="_blank">https://weblogs.asp.net/scottgu/jquery-and-microsoft</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:153">@Foone (April 6, 2022). "hey @Microsoft give me the source code to 3D Movie Maker. You released it in 1995 and I want to expand and extend it" (Tweet) – via Twitter. <a href="https://x.com/Foone/status/1511808848729804803" target="_blank">https://x.com/Foone/status/1511808848729804803</a> <a href="#fnref:153" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:154">Jawad, Usama (May 25, 2022). "Microsoft brings Linux XDP project to Windows". Neowin. Retrieved May 26, 2022. <a href="https://www.neowin.net/news/microsoft-brings-linux-xdp-project-to-windows/" target="_blank">https://www.neowin.net/news/microsoft-brings-linux-xdp-project-to-windows/</a> <a href="#fnref:154" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:155">Yasar, Erdem (May 25, 2022). "Microsoft introduced open-source XDP for Windows". cloud7. Retrieved May 26, 2022. <a href="https://cloud7.news/development/microsoft-introduced-open-source-xdp-for-windows/" target="_blank">https://cloud7.news/development/microsoft-introduced-open-source-xdp-for-windows/</a> <a href="#fnref:155" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:156">Warren, Tom (August 10, 2022). "Microsoft open sources its 3D emoji to let creators remix and customize them". The Verge. Retrieved August 14, 2022. <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2022/8/10/23299527/microsoft-emoji-open-source-creators" target="_blank">https://www.theverge.com/2022/8/10/23299527/microsoft-emoji-open-source-creators</a> <a href="#fnref:156" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:157">Warren, Tom (May 19, 2025). "Microsoft's Edit on Windows is a new command-line text editor". The Verge. Retrieved May 21, 2025. <a href="https://www.theverge.com/news/669318/microsoft-edit-on-windows-command-line-text-editor" target="_blank">https://www.theverge.com/news/669318/microsoft-edit-on-windows-command-line-text-editor</a> <a href="#fnref:157" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:158">Lardinois, Frederic (April 3, 2014). "Microsoft Launches .NET Foundation To Foster The .NET Open Source Ecosystem". TechCrunch. Retrieved October 18, 2020. <a href="https://techcrunch.com/2014/04/03/microsoft-launches-net-foundation-to-foster-the-net-open-source-ecosystem/" target="_blank">https://techcrunch.com/2014/04/03/microsoft-launches-net-foundation-to-foster-the-net-open-source-ecosystem/</a> <a href="#fnref:158" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:159">"About". Alliance for Open Media. <a href="http://aomedia.org/about/" target="_blank">http://aomedia.org/about/</a> <a href="#fnref:159" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:160">Barnes, Hayden (May 23, 2020). "Microsoft and Open Source: An unofficial timeline". boxofcables.dev. Retrieved October 18, 2020. <a href="https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/" target="_blank">https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/</a> <a href="#fnref:160" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:161">"Bytecode Alliance". Bytecode Alliance. <a href="https://bytecodealliance.org/" target="_blank">https://bytecodealliance.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:161" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:162">"Members". Cloud Native Computing Foundation. <a href="https://www.cncf.io/about/members/" target="_blank">https://www.cncf.io/about/members/</a> <a href="#fnref:162" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:163">Barnes, Hayden (May 23, 2020). "Microsoft and Open Source: An unofficial timeline". boxofcables.dev. Retrieved October 18, 2020. <a href="https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/" target="_blank">https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/</a> <a href="#fnref:163" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:164">"Members". <a href="https://confidentialcomputing.io/members/" target="_blank">https://confidentialcomputing.io/members/</a> <a href="#fnref:164" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:165">"Microsoft Build of OpenJDK". Microsoft. <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/openjdk" target="_blank">https://www.microsoft.com/openjdk</a> <a href="#fnref:165" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:166">Guindon, Christopher. "Explore Our Members | The Eclipse Foundation". www.eclipse.org. <a href="https://www.eclipse.org/membership/exploreMembership.php#tab-contributing" target="_blank">https://www.eclipse.org/membership/exploreMembership.php#tab-contributing</a> <a href="#fnref:166" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:167">"F# Foundation: Taking Microsoft's F# Language to a Higher Ground (eWeek)". January 6, 2013. Retrieved October 18, 2020. <a href="http://www.eweek.com/developer/f-foundation-taking-microsofts-f-language-to-a-higher-ground/" target="_blank">http://www.eweek.com/developer/f-foundation-taking-microsofts-f-language-to-a-higher-ground/</a> <a href="#fnref:167" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:168">"Supporting Members". <a href="https://www.hyperledger.org/about/members" target="_blank">https://www.hyperledger.org/about/members</a> <a href="#fnref:168" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:169">Barnes, Hayden (May 23, 2020). "Microsoft and Open Source: An unofficial timeline". boxofcables.dev. Retrieved October 18, 2020. <a href="https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/" target="_blank">https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/</a> <a href="#fnref:169" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:170">Barnes, Hayden (May 23, 2020). "Microsoft and Open Source: An unofficial timeline". boxofcables.dev. Retrieved October 18, 2020. <a href="https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/" target="_blank">https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/</a> <a href="#fnref:170" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:171">Barnes, Hayden (May 23, 2020). "Microsoft and Open Source: An unofficial timeline". boxofcables.dev. Retrieved October 18, 2020. <a href="https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/" target="_blank">https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/</a> <a href="#fnref:171" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:172">"O3D Foundation". O3D Foundation. May 12, 2022. Retrieved July 23, 2022. <a href="https://o3d.foundation//" target="_blank">https://o3d.foundation//</a> <a href="#fnref:172" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:173">"Current Members". <a href="https://www.openapis.org/membership/members" target="_blank">https://www.openapis.org/membership/members</a> <a href="#fnref:173" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:174">"Home". OpenBMC. <a href="https://www.openbmc.org/" target="_blank">https://www.openbmc.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:174" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:175">"Home". OpenChain. <a href="https://openchain.lfprojects.linuxfoundation.org/" target="_blank">https://openchain.lfprojects.linuxfoundation.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:175" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:176">"Open Compute Project". Open Compute Project. <a href="https://www.opencompute.org/membership/membership-organizational-directory" target="_blank">https://www.opencompute.org/membership/membership-organizational-directory</a> <a href="#fnref:176" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:177">"OCF Membership List". <a href="https://openconnectivity.org/foundation/membership-list/" target="_blank">https://openconnectivity.org/foundation/membership-list/</a> <a href="#fnref:177" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:178">"Open Container Initiative - Open Container Initiative". opencontainers.org. <a href="https://opencontainers.org/" target="_blank">https://opencontainers.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:178" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:179">"Microsoft joins Open Infrastructure Foundation". ZDNet. Retrieved September 10, 2021. <a href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-joins-open-infrastructure-foundation/" target="_blank">https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-joins-open-infrastructure-foundation/</a> <a href="#fnref:179" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:180">"United States Archives". <a href="https://openinventionnetwork.com/directory-community/tags/united-states/" target="_blank">https://openinventionnetwork.com/directory-community/tags/united-states/</a> <a href="#fnref:180" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:181">"Members". <a href="https://openjsf.org/about/members/" target="_blank">https://openjsf.org/about/members/</a> <a href="#fnref:181" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:182">Barnes, Hayden (May 23, 2020). "Microsoft and Open Source: An unofficial timeline". boxofcables.dev. Retrieved October 18, 2020. <a href="https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/" target="_blank">https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/</a> <a href="#fnref:182" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:183">"Google, Microsoft, GitHub, and Others Join the Open Source Security Foundation". InfoQ. <a href="https://www.infoq.com/news/2020/08/open-source-security-foundation/" target="_blank">https://www.infoq.com/news/2020/08/open-source-security-foundation/</a> <a href="#fnref:183" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:184">Barnes, Hayden (May 23, 2020). "Microsoft and Open Source: An unofficial timeline". boxofcables.dev. Retrieved October 18, 2020. <a href="https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/" target="_blank">https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/</a> <a href="#fnref:184" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:185">"Outreachy | Internships Supporting Diversity in Tech". www.outreachy.org. <a href="https://www.outreachy.org/" target="_blank">https://www.outreachy.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:185" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:186">Machlis, Sharon. "Esri joins the R Consortium". Computerworld. Retrieved October 18, 2020. <a href="http://www.computerworld.com/article/3123783/enterprise-applications/esri-joins-r-consortium.html" target="_blank">http://www.computerworld.com/article/3123783/enterprise-applications/esri-joins-r-consortium.html</a> <a href="#fnref:186" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:187">Barnes, Hayden (May 23, 2020). "Microsoft and Open Source: An unofficial timeline". boxofcables.dev. Retrieved October 18, 2020. <a href="https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/" target="_blank">https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/</a> <a href="#fnref:187" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:188">"Rust Foundation formed to manage namesake language". Neowin. Retrieved February 8, 2021. <a href="https://www.neowin.net/news/rust-foundation-formed-to-manage-namesake-language" target="_blank">https://www.neowin.net/news/rust-foundation-formed-to-manage-namesake-language</a> <a href="#fnref:188" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:189">Open Group Gold Membership Report <a href="https://reports.opengroup.org/gold.shtml" target="_blank">https://reports.opengroup.org/gold.shtml</a> <a href="#fnref:189" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:190">Barnes, Hayden (May 23, 2020). "Microsoft and Open Source: An unofficial timeline". boxofcables.dev. Retrieved October 18, 2020. <a href="https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/" target="_blank">https://boxofcables.dev/microsoft-and-open-source-an-unofficial-timeline/</a> <a href="#fnref:190" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:191">Radits 2019, p. 33. - Radits, Markus (January 25, 2019). A Business Ecology Perspective on Community-Driven Open Source: The Case of the Free and Open Source Content Management System Joomla. Linköping University Electronic Press. ISBN 978-91-7685-305-4. <a href="#fnref:191" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:192">Krill, Paul (April 18, 2019). "Microsoft aims for simplicity with Bosque programming language". InfoWorld. Retrieved April 22, 2019. <a href="https://www.infoworld.com/article/3390197/microsoft-aims-for-simplicity-with-bosque-programming-language.html" target="_blank">https://www.infoworld.com/article/3390197/microsoft-aims-for-simplicity-with-bosque-programming-language.html</a> <a href="#fnref:192" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:193">Tung, Liam (September 10, 2020). "Microsoft's new Fluid Framework: Now it's open-sourced on GitHub". ZDNet. Retrieved September 20, 2020. <a href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsofts-new-fluid-framework-now-its-open-sourced-on-github/" target="_blank">https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsofts-new-fluid-framework-now-its-open-sourced-on-github/</a> <a href="#fnref:193" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:201">Radits 2019, p. 35. - Radits, Markus (January 25, 2019). A Business Ecology Perspective on Community-Driven Open Source: The Case of the Free and Open Source Content Management System Joomla. Linköping University Electronic Press. ISBN 978-91-7685-305-4. <a href="#fnref:201" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:205">Yasar, Erdem (May 25, 2022). "Microsoft introduced open-source XDP for Windows". cloud7. Retrieved May 26, 2022. <a href="https://cloud7.news/development/microsoft-introduced-open-source-xdp-for-windows/" target="_blank">https://cloud7.news/development/microsoft-introduced-open-source-xdp-for-windows/</a> <a href="#fnref:205" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Microsoft and open source open-in-new

Microsoft and open source