MP 40

<h2 id="development">Development</h2>

The Maschinenpistole 40 ("Machine pistol 40") descended from its predecessor the <a href="/facts/MP_38/dzzvJHPW">MP 38</a>, which was in turn based on the <a href="/facts/MP_36/08KyH6qk">MP 36</a>, a prototype made of <a href="/facts/Machining/Yrjfj6IV">machined</a> <a href="/facts/Steel/aN6qWo4H">steel</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4">4</a> The MP 36 was developed independently by <a href="/facts/Erma_Werke/cIv3lHAt">Erma Werke</a>'s Berthold Geipel with funding from the <a href="/facts/German_Army_(Wehrmacht)/yP5zyQ76">German Army</a>. It took design elements from <a href="/facts/Heinrich_Vollmer/3WbA9oVe">Heinrich Vollmer</a>'s VPM 1930 and <a href="/facts/ERMA_EMP-35/lGwbYm8T">EMP</a>. Vollmer then worked on Berthold Geipel's MP 36 and in 1938 submitted a prototype to answer a request from the <a href="/facts/Heereswaffenamt/3QIlWRIl">Heereswaffenamt</a> (Army Weapons Office) for a new submachine gun, which was adopted as MP 38. The MP 38 incorporated the simpler bolt design of Hugo Schmeisser's <a href="/facts/Maschinenkarabiner_36/8oCBmINn">M.K.36,III</a> as well as Schmeisser's magazine, but otherwise more closely followed Geipel's MP 36 design.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a> The MP 38 was a simplification of the MP 36, and the MP 40 was a further simplification of the MP 38, with certain cost-saving alterations, most notably in the more extensive use of <a href="/facts/Stamping_(metalworking)/deH1hLWX">stamped</a> steel rather than machined parts.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a>

<h2 id="design">Design</h2>

The MP 40 submachine guns are <a href="/facts/Open-bolt/JsotPBM8">open-bolt</a>, <a href="/facts/Blowback_(firearms)/W0nlETr7">blowback</a>-operated <a href="/facts/Automatic_firearm/al4qSyv2">automatic</a> arms. The only mode of fire is automatic, but the relatively low rate of fire permits single shots with controlled trigger pulls.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a> The bolt features a telescoping return spring guide which serves as a pneumatic recoil buffer.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a> The cocking handle was permanently attached to the bolt on early MP 38s, but on late-production MP 38s and MP 40s, the bolt handle was made as a separate part.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a> It also serves as a safety by pushing the head of the handle into one of two separate notches above the main opening; this action locks the bolt in either the cocked (rear) or uncocked (forward) position.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a> The absence of this feature on early MP 38s resulted in field expedients such as leather harnesses with a small loop that were used to hold the bolt in the forward position.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a>
The MP 38 receiver was made of machined steel, but this was a time-consuming and expensive process.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a> To save time and materials, and thus increase production, construction of the MP 40 receiver was simplified by using <a href="/facts/Stamping_(metalworking)/deH1hLWX">stamped</a> steel and electro-<a href="/facts/Spot_welding/55I9RXph">spot welding</a> as much as possible.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a> The MP 38 also features longitudinal grooving on the receiver and bolt, as well as a circular opening on the magazine housing. These features were eliminated on the MP 40.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a>

One feature found on most MP 38 and MP 40 submachine guns is an aluminum, steel, or Margolit (a variation of <a href="/facts/Bakelite/aczWmxTx">Bakelite</a>) resting bar under the barrel. This was used to steady the weapon when firing over the side of open-top <a href="/facts/Armored_personnel_carrier/I5yvRywl">armored personnel carriers</a> such as the <a href="/facts/Sd.Kfz._251/GaHbpqVV">Sd.Kfz. 251</a> <a href="/facts/Half-track/LTMQubz1">half-track</a>. A handguard, also made of Margolit, is located between the magazine housing and the Margolit pistol grip.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> The barrel lacked any form of insulation, which often resulted in burns on the supporting hand if it was incorrectly positioned.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a> The MP 40 also has a forward-folding metal stock, the first for a submachine gun, resulting in a shorter overall weapon when folded.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a> However, this stock design was at times insufficiently durable for hard combat use.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a>
Although the MP 40 was generally reliable, a major weakness was its 32-round magazine.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a> Unlike the double-column, staggered-feed magazine found on the <a href="/facts/Thompson_submachine_gun/0Um3TzJz">Thompson M1921/1928 variants</a>, the MP 40 uses a double-column, single-feed version.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a> The single-feed insert resulted in increased friction against the remaining cartridges moving upwards towards the feed lips, occasionally resulting in feed failures; this problem was exacerbated by the presence of dirt or other debris.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a> Another problem was that the magazine was also sometimes misused as a handhold.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a> This could cause the weapon to <a href="/facts/Firearm_malfunction/sFkF13P6">malfunction</a> when hand pressure on the magazine body caused the magazine lips to move out of the line of feed, since the magazine well did not keep the magazine firmly locked.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a> German soldiers were trained to grasp either the handguard on the underside of the weapon or the magazine housing with the supporting hand to avoid feed malfunctions.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a>

<h2 id="usage">Usage</h2>

At the outbreak of World War II, the majority of German soldiers carried either <a href="/facts/Karabiner_98k/bHutC83T">Karabiner 98k</a> rifles or MP 40s, both of which were regarded as the standard weapons of choice for an infantryman.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a>
However, later confrontations with Soviet troops such as the <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Stalingrad/Xc0okJKQ">Battle of Stalingrad</a>, where entire enemy units were armed with <a href="/facts/PPSh-41/ttlfAxhS">PPSh-41</a> submachine guns, the Germans found themselves out-gunned in short range urban combat which caused a shift in their tactics, and by the end of the war the MP 40 and its derivatives were sometimes issued to entire assault platoons.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a> Starting in 1943, the German military moved to replace both the Karabiner 98k rifle and MP 40 with the new, revolutionary <a href="/facts/StG_44/Qf19ebe4">StG 44</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a> By the end of World War II in 1945, an estimated 1.1 million MP 40s had been produced of all variants.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a>

<h3>Post-war use</h3>
During and after the end of World War II, many MP 40s were captured or surrendered (upwards of 200,000) to the <a href="/facts/Allies_of_World_War_II/YzCdtjDY">Allies</a> and were then redistributed to the paramilitary and irregular forces of some developing countries.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a> The Norwegian army withdrew the MP 38 from use in 1975 but used the MP 40 for some years more. In particular, the Territorials (<a href="/facts/Home_Guard_(Norway)/6xrn9W0F">Heimevernet</a>) used it until about 1990, when it was replaced by the <a href="/facts/Heckler_%26_Koch_MP5/NvoDyYzl">Heckler & Koch MP5</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a>

<h2 id="variants">Variants</h2>
<h3>MP 40/I</h3>
The MP 40/I (sometimes erroneously called MP 40/II) was a modified version of the standard MP 40 with a dual side-by-side magazine holder (for a theoretical ammunition total of 64 rounds), designed for special operations troops on the <a href="/facts/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)/W05zyTMj">Eastern Front</a> to compensate for the Soviet PPSh-41's larger magazine capacity. However, the design proved unsuccessful due to weight and reliability issues. Authentic versions, in addition to the dual mag magazine well, also have a smaller buttpad and shortened ejector.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a>

<h3>MP 41</h3>

In 1941, Hugo Schmeisser designed the MP 41, which was, in reality, an MP 40 upper receiver with a lower receiver of an <a href="/facts/MP_18/htdF5IS9">MP 28/II</a> submachine gun. It saw limited service, however, and was issued only to <a href="/facts/SS/nMNcQEHa">SS</a> and police units in 1944. The MP 41 was also supplied to Germany's <a href="/facts/Axis_Powers/Q3z1D8R9">Axis ally</a> Romania.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a>
Later in 1941, rival company Erma Werke sued <a href="/facts/C._G._Haenel/4064pKKb">Haenel</a>, at which Schmeisser was Chief Designer, for patent infringement. Production subsequently ceased on the MP 41.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a>

<h2 id="influence-on-later-weapons">Influence on later weapons</h2>
The MP 38 and MP 40 also directly influenced the design of later weapons, including the Spanish <a href="/facts/Star_Model_Z-45/JGXmc1xD">Star Z45</a>, the Yugoslavian <a href="/facts/M56_submachine_gun/FryX5D77">Zastava M56</a>, and the semi-automatic German Selbstladebüchse BD 38 replica.
Details of the MP 40 have also been adopted in other submachine guns, which otherwise differ significantly from a technical point of view:

<ul><li>The designers of the American <a href="/facts/M3_submachine_gun/LSBM8yMv">M3 "Grease Gun"</a> examined British <a href="/facts/Sten/WwduHbx3">Sten guns</a> and captured MP 40s for usable construction details.</li>
<li>The folding stock became the model for those on later weapons, such as the Soviet <a href="/facts/PPS-43/cMaUe1sz">PPS-43</a> and the AKS version of the <a href="/facts/AK-47/LQ2T2SM5">AK-47</a>.</li>
<li>The MP 40 magazine can also be used in the Belgian <a href="/facts/Vigneron_submachine_gun/2E1IN0yn">Vigneron submachine gun</a>.</li></ul>
<h2 id="users">Users</h2>

During World War II, the <a href="/facts/Resistance_during_World_War_II/vPzNDRjP">resistance</a> and the Allies sometimes captured MP 40s to replace or supplement their own weapons.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a> The MP 40 was used for several decades following World War II by many countries around the world in armed conflicts. Some found their way into guerrilla groups such as the <a href="/facts/Viet_Cong/hkoWcwRy">Viet Cong</a> or African guerrillas.
Its operators have included:

<h3>Current users</h3>
<ul><li> <a href="/facts/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic/zVB41kKB">Donetsk People's Republic</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a>[better source needed]</li>
<li> <a href="/facts/Syria/7pDXGzq8">Syria</a>: Used against Israel<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a> and used during <a href="/facts/Syrian_Civil_War/UD2gymjC">Syrian Civil War</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a></li>
<li> <a href="/facts/Ukraine/Qof0uqAj">Ukraine</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a>[better source needed]</li></ul>
<h3>Former users</h3>
<ul><li> <a href="/facts/Algeria/UXDF4Tj6">Algeria</a>: The <a href="/facts/National_Liberation_Army_(Algeria)/7WVnod4a">National Liberation Army</a> used MP 40s supplied by Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a></li>
<li> <a href="/facts/Austria/4qWIMIyc">Austria</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a></li>
<li> <a href="/facts/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina/jNVA1gPB">Bosnia</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a></li>
<li> <a href="/facts/Bulgaria/Er5pY3YS">Bulgaria</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a></li>
<li> <a href="/facts/Independent_State_of_Croatia/UgYw4UQ5">Croatia</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a></li>
<li> <a href="/facts/Czechoslovakia/9A6Kzmr0">Czechoslovakia</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a></li>
<li> <a href="/facts/Finland/G5Ak6T91">Finland</a>:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50">50</a> Around 160 were delivered together with German vehicles during the <a href="/facts/Continuation_War/cPEIVbUq">Continuation War</a>; after the war they were used by prison administration before being retired in the 1970s.</li>
<li> <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a>:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51">51</a> French resistance used captured guns during World War II. MP 40s were also carried by French Army in <a href="/facts/French_Indochina/Sv3okbSs">French Indochina</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52">52</a> and <a href="/facts/French_Algeria/TCd9S56V">French Algeria</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53">53</a> especially by paratroopers.</li>
<li> <a href="/facts/Greece/lqHw8bTB">Greece</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54">54</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55">55</a></li>
<li> <a href="/facts/Guatemala/MoMcSnla">Guatemala</a>: MP 38/40 supplied in 1954 from Czechoslovakia,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56">56</a> still in service with the police at the end of the <a href="/facts/Guatemalan_Civil_War/lfbn03eX">Guatemalan Civil War</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57">57</a></li>
<li> <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)/YCr6T5Y7">Hungary</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58">58</a></li>
<li> <a href="/facts/Indonesia/vQnWU3IW">Indonesia</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59">59</a></li>
<li> <a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY">Israel</a>: Used during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and by <a href="/facts/Unit_101/zzIJqJJ0">Unit 101</a> before replaced by the <a href="/facts/Uzi/7XhaHDAE">Uzi</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60">60</a></li>
<li> <a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8">Iran</a>: Used in small numbers by the 55th Airborne Brigade and Iranian Imperial Guards.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61">61</a></li>
<li> <a href="/facts/Italian_resistance_movement/FLVYn1AV">Italian Partisans</a>: Used examples captured from German soldiers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62">62</a></li>
<li> <a href="/facts/Kosovo_Liberation_Army/MUr6ql0l">Kosovo Liberation Army</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63">63</a></li>
<li> <a href="/facts/Nazi_Germany/8kRbqRpo">Nazi Germany</a>:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64">64</a> Used by the <a href="/facts/Wehrmacht/cVGQH8JW">Wehrmacht</a>, military police, <a href="/facts/Gestapo/X0bHmeX1">Gestapo</a>, <a href="/facts/Waffen-SS/KBYTW6jY">Waffen-SS</a>, <a href="/facts/Volkssturm/9HYrjk0L">Volkssturm</a>, and <a href="/facts/Hitler_Youth/j0jwve9S">Hitler Youth</a> at the end of war.</li>
<li> <a href="/facts/Netherlands/y8xn5stT">Netherlands</a>: Post war, used by the <a href="/facts/Papuan_Volunteer_Corps/QDIPr3Up">Papuan Volunteer Corps</a> during <a href="/facts/West_New_Guinea_dispute/tTu56NCC">West New Guinea dispute</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65">65</a></li>
<li> <a href="/facts/Norway/wlDRKRTR">Norway</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66">66</a></li>
<li> <a href="/facts/Poland/eXJ7fd0D">Poland</a>:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67">67</a> Captured MP 40s were used by Polish rebels during World War II.</li>
<li> <a href="/facts/Romania/yolzk5cN">Romania</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68">68</a></li>
<li> <a href="/facts/Soviet_Union/m7wWsPto">Soviet Union</a>: Captured MP 40s were used by <a href="/facts/Soviet_partisans/lzqVWu1g">Soviet partisans</a> and Worker-Peasant Red Army. After the war, the MP 40 with other weapons, were sold to others countries in the <a href="/facts/Eastern_Bloc/12f32hA7">Eastern Bloc</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69">69</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70">70</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71">71</a></li>
<li> <a href="/facts/South_Vietnam/2QwTFmzd">South Vietnam</a>: Used by the <a href="/facts/South_Vietnamese_Popular_Force/435xL9Gd">South Vietnamese Popular Force</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72">72</a></li>
<li> <a href="/facts/Spain/bIyrB8EY">Spain</a>: Copied as the <a href="/facts/Star_Model_Z-45/JGXmc1xD">Star Model Z-45</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73">73</a></li>
<li> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a>: Captured MP 40s used by United States during World War II and by <a href="/facts/Special_Forces_(United_States_Army)/jT2G7KWy">Special Forces</a> and their <a href="/facts/Civilian_Irregular_Defense_Group_program/goRIRkEr">Civilian Irregular Defense Group program</a> at the beginning of the <a href="/facts/Vietnam_War/W0gfbGTE">Vietnam War</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74">74</a></li>
<li> <a href="/facts/Vietnam/0ulfA8Eq">Vietnam</a>: Captured from the <a href="/facts/French_Far_East_Expeditionary_Corps/skSC9FXt">French Far East Expeditionary Corps</a> and used by the <a href="/facts/Viet_Minh/l03MGQh5">Viet Minh</a>, the <a href="/facts/Viet_Cong/hkoWcwRy">Viet Cong</a> and the <a href="/facts/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam/ayoTsmQP">People's Army of Vietnam</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75">75</a></li>
<li> <a href="/facts/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia/PXRlHx9q">Yugoslavia</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76">76</a></li>
<li> <a href="/facts/Zimbabwe/8Yqt8490">Zimbabwe</a>: Used by <a href="/facts/Zimbabwe_People%27s_Revolutionary_Army/mP640Deq">ZIPRA</a> and <a href="/facts/Zimbabwe_African_National_Liberation_Army/zkgVQ8Dy">ZANLA</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77">77</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="civilian-ownership-in-the-united-states">Civilian ownership in the United States</h2>
During the <a href="/facts/Allied-occupied_Germany/bHssyCW5">Allied occupation of Germany</a> starting in 1945, U.S. servicemen shipped home thousands of captured firearms as <a href="/facts/War_trophy/dqyEYdHX">war trophies</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78">78</a> including MP 40s. This practice required proper registration of automatic weapons in accordance with the <a href="/facts/National_Firearms_Act/7Fqu6Et8">National Firearms Act</a> before they could be imported, but this was curtailed later in the occupation, meaning a relatively small number of civilian-transferable original German MP 40s remain in circulation and are valued at around $20,000-37,500 as of 2021, with some selling for almost $50,000.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79">79</a>
After the commercial importation of complete machine guns was banned by the <a href="/facts/Gun_Control_Act_of_1968/Qkm6d2v6">Gun Control Act of 1968</a>, MP 40 <a href="/facts/Parts_kit/mweX1uyK">parts kits</a> (the disassembled parts of the gun excluding the receiver tube) were imported and reassembled onto receivers manufactured in the United States by Charles Erb, Wilson Arms, and others.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80">80</a> These remanufactured legally transferable machine guns, colloquially called "tube guns", are (depending on quality of construction and condition) generally valued at 50-75% of the price of original German MP 40s, as they do not have their historical background.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81">81</a> As such, they are commonly used for recreational range shooting and WW2 <a href="/facts/Historical_reenactment/uH5SHrbC">historical reenactments</a>, because the associated wear and tear (within reasonable limits) will not significantly diminish their value, as it would on original collectible examples. Manufacture of new tube guns ceased following the passage of the <a href="/facts/Firearm_Owners_Protection_Act/hS3xDbo7">Firearm Owners Protection Act</a> in 1986.
There are several <a href="/facts/Semi-automatic_firearm/2mTJkWwp">semi-automatic</a> variants and cosmetic replicas of the MP 40 available for civilian ownership in the U.S. Beginning in 2014, American Tactical Imports began importing an MP 40 replica manufactured by <a href="/facts/German_Sport_Guns_GmbH/bqRD7ynb">German Sporting Guns GmbH</a> chambered in <a href="/facts/.22_Long_Rifle/lYgYNrNV">.22LR</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82">82</a> and since 2016 has also imported a pistol variant chambered in <a href="/facts/9%C3%9719mm_Parabellum/m8sP9Hz9">9mm</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83">83</a>

<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/List_of_World_War_II_infantry_weapons/PNKkbyXe">List of World War II infantry weapons</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/List_of_submachine_guns/vTHJIcYF">List of submachine guns</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/List_of_World_War_II_firearms_of_Germany/M9wHLpRr">List of World War II firearms of Germany</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="sources">Sources</h2>
<ul><li>Axworthy, Mark (1991). The Romanian Army of World War II. Osprey Publishing. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1855321694.</li>
<li>Bishop, Chris (2002). The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1586637620.</li>
<li>Dunlap, Roy (1966). Ordnance Went Up Front. R & R Books. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1884849091.</li>
<li>Fowler, William (2005). Stalingrad, the Vital Seven Days. Spellmount. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1862272781.</li>
<li>Hobart, Frank (1975). Pictorial History of the Sub-machine Gun. Scribner Publishing. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0684141862.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Ian_V._Hogg/WoV0qzHT">Hogg, Ian</a>; Weeks, John, eds. (1977). Military Small Arms of the 20th Century. Arms & Armour Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-85368-301-8.</li>
<li>Hogg, Ian (2001). Submachine Guns. Greenhill Books. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1853674488.</li>
<li>Ingram, Mike (2001). The MP40 Submachine Gun. Zenith Imprint. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-7603-1014-9.</li>
<li>Katz, Samuel (1988). Israeli Elite Units Since 1948. Osprey Publishing. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-85045-8374.</li>
<li>Myatt, Frederick; Ridefort, Gerard, eds. (1992). New Illustrated Guide to Modern Rifles & Sub-Machine Guns. Smithmark Publishing. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0831750558.</li>
<li>Neil, Grant (2015). Mauser Military Rifles. Osprey Publishing. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1472805942.</li>
<li>Peterson, Philip (2011). Standard Catalog of Military Firearms: The Collector's Price and Reference Guide. F+W Media, Inc. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1440228810.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Rick_Priestley/uApdCc1u">Priestley, Rick</a>; Cavatore, Alessio, eds. (2014). Bolt Action: World War II Wargames Rules. Osprey Publishing. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1782009702.</li>
<li>de Quesada, Alejandro (2014). MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Guns. Osprey Publishing. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1780963884.</li>
<li>Rottman, Gordon L (2012). The AK-47: Kalashnikov-series Assault Rifles. Osprey Publishing. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1-84908-835-0.</li>
<li>Willbanks, James (2004). Machine Guns: An Illustrated History of Their Impact. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1851094806.</li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120604034121/http://world.guns.ru/smg/de/mp3-mp40-e.html">"Erma MP-38 and MP-40 submachine gun (Germany)"</a>. World Guns. Archived from <a href="http://world.guns.ru/smg/de/mp3-mp40-e.html">the original</a> on 4 June 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2015.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.medalnet.net/mpforty/mpforty_manufacturers.htm">"MP40 Manufacturers and Markings"</a>. Medal Net. Retrieved 7 March 2015.</li></ul>
<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>

Wikimedia Commons has media related to MP40 and MP41.

<ul><li><a href="http://www.mp40.nl/">Website dedicated to the MP 38, MP 40 and MP 41</a></li>
<li><a href="http://world.guns.ru/smg/de/mp3-mp40-e.html">Gunworld article on the MP 40</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120604034121/http://world.guns.ru/smg/de/mp3-mp40-e.html">Archived</a> 4 June 2012 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U5eKWnZx6RE">The Schmeisser MP41: A Hybrid Submachine Gun</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "MP 40 - Role & Tactics". YouTube. 7 July 2020. <a href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/PXt3KWpcW2g" target="_blank">https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/PXt3KWpcW2g</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">"MP40 Sub Machine Gun | ParaData". www.paradata.org.uk. Retrieved 27 March 2021. <a href="https://www.paradata.org.uk/article/mp40-sub-machine-gun" target="_blank">https://www.paradata.org.uk/article/mp40-sub-machine-gun</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Rottman 2012, p. 9. - Rottman, Gordon L (2012). The AK-47: Kalashnikov-series Assault Rifles. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84908-835-0. <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">de Quesada 2014, p. 13. - de Quesada, Alejandro (2014). MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Guns. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1780963884. <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">"The Prototypes". mp40.nl. Retrieved 5 April 2019. <a href="https://www.mp40.nl/index.php?page=mp36-2" target="_blank">https://www.mp40.nl/index.php?page=mp36-2</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">de Quesada 2014, p. 13. - de Quesada, Alejandro (2014). MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Guns. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1780963884. <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Peterson 2011, p. 314. - Peterson, Philip (2011). Standard Catalog of Military Firearms: The Collector's Price and Reference Guide. F+W Media, Inc. ISBN 978-1440228810. <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Peterson 2011, p. 314. - Peterson, Philip (2011). Standard Catalog of Military Firearms: The Collector's Price and Reference Guide. F+W Media, Inc. ISBN 978-1440228810. <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Bishop 2002, p. 259. - Bishop, Chris (2002). The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN 978-1586637620. <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Bishop 2002, p. 259. - Bishop, Chris (2002). The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN 978-1586637620. <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">World Guns. - "Erma MP-38 and MP-40 submachine gun (Germany)". World Guns. Archived from the original on 4 June 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2015. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120604034121/http://world.guns.ru/smg/de/mp3-mp40-e.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120604034121/http://world.guns.ru/smg/de/mp3-mp40-e.html</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">de Quesada 2014, p. 17. - de Quesada, Alejandro (2014). MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Guns. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1780963884. <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">de Quesada 2014, p. 17. - de Quesada, Alejandro (2014). MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Guns. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1780963884. <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">de Quesada 2014, p. 17. - de Quesada, Alejandro (2014). MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Guns. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1780963884. <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Hobart 1975, pp. 95–98. - Hobart, Frank (1975). Pictorial History of the Sub-machine Gun. Scribner Publishing. ISBN 978-0684141862. <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">Hobart 1975, pp. 95–98. - Hobart, Frank (1975). Pictorial History of the Sub-machine Gun. Scribner Publishing. ISBN 978-0684141862. <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Hogg & Weeks 1977, p. 90. - Hogg, Ian; Weeks, John, eds. (1977). Military Small Arms of the 20th Century. Arms & Armour Press. ISBN 0-85368-301-8. <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">Hogg & Weeks 1977, p. 90. - Hogg, Ian; Weeks, John, eds. (1977). Military Small Arms of the 20th Century. Arms & Armour Press. ISBN 0-85368-301-8. <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">Hogg & Weeks 1977, p. 33. - Hogg, Ian; Weeks, John, eds. (1977). Military Small Arms of the 20th Century. Arms & Armour Press. ISBN 0-85368-301-8. <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">Hogg & Weeks 1977, p. 33. - Hogg, Ian; Weeks, John, eds. (1977). Military Small Arms of the 20th Century. Arms & Armour Press. ISBN 0-85368-301-8. <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">Hogg & Weeks 1977, p. 33. - Hogg, Ian; Weeks, John, eds. (1977). Military Small Arms of the 20th Century. Arms & Armour Press. ISBN 0-85368-301-8. <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">Dunlap 1966, pp. 80–81. - Dunlap, Roy (1966). Ordnance Went Up Front. R & R Books. ISBN 978-1884849091. <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">Dunlap 1966, pp. 80–81. - Dunlap, Roy (1966). Ordnance Went Up Front. R & R Books. ISBN 978-1884849091. <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">Dunlap 1966, pp. 80–81. - Dunlap, Roy (1966). Ordnance Went Up Front. R & R Books. ISBN 978-1884849091. <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:25">Neil 2015, p. 65. - Neil, Grant (2015). Mauser Military Rifles. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1472805942. <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:26">Priestley & Cavatore 2014, pp. 105–108. - Priestley, Rick; Cavatore, Alessio, eds. (2014). Bolt Action: World War II Wargames Rules. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1782009702. <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:27">Priestley & Cavatore 2014, pp. 105–108. - Priestley, Rick; Cavatore, Alessio, eds. (2014). Bolt Action: World War II Wargames Rules. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1782009702. <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:28">Neil 2015, p. 65. - Neil, Grant (2015). Mauser Military Rifles. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1472805942. <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:29">Willbanks 2004, p. 82. - Willbanks, James (2004). Machine Guns: An Illustrated History of Their Impact. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1851094806. <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:30">Ingram 2001, p. 75. - Ingram, Mike (2001). The MP40 Submachine Gun. Zenith Imprint. ISBN 0-7603-1014-9. <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:31">World Guns. - "Erma MP-38 and MP-40 submachine gun (Germany)". World Guns. Archived from the original on 4 June 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2015. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120604034121/http://world.guns.ru/smg/de/mp3-mp40-e.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120604034121/http://world.guns.ru/smg/de/mp3-mp40-e.html</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:32">The WW2 Double-Magazine MP40/I <a href="https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-ww2-double-magazine-mp40-i/" target="_blank">https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-ww2-double-magazine-mp40-i/</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:33">Axworthy 1991, p. 42. - Axworthy, Mark (1991). The Romanian Army of World War II. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1855321694. <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:34">"MP41". Imperial War Museums. Retrieved 5 July 2020. <a href="https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30029383" target="_blank">https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30029383</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:35">"MP.41 Schmeisser". Modern Firearms. 27 October 2010. Retrieved 5 July 2020. <a href="https://modernfirearms.net/en/submachine-guns/germany-submachine-guns/mp-41-schmeisser-eng/" target="_blank">https://modernfirearms.net/en/submachine-guns/germany-submachine-guns/mp-41-schmeisser-eng/</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:36">Sakaida, Henry (20 May 2003). Hook, Christa (ed.). Heroines of the Soviet Union 1941-45. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 59. ISBN 1841765988. <a href="1841765988" target="_blank">1841765988</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:37">Cornish, Nik (20 June 2014). Karachtchouk, Andrei (ed.). Soviet Partisan 1941-45. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 29. ISBN 9781472801456. <a href="9781472801456" target="_blank">9781472801456</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:38">Weckstein, Leon (2011). 200,000 Heroes: Italian Partisans and the American OSS in WWII. Hellgate Press. p. 233. ISBN 9781555716981. <a href="9781555716981" target="_blank">9781555716981</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:39">Noir, War. "#Russia #Ukraine 🇷🇺🇺🇦: A new photo posted by a combatant of #DPR/#DNR Forces in #Donbas/#Donbass. The combatant seems to be carrying a fairly noteable [sic] "MP 40" ('Maschinenpistole 40') submachine gun, claimed to be seized from #Ukrainian Troops". x.com. War Noir. Retrieved 12 February 2025. <a href="https://x.com/war_noir/status/1550544494348697600" target="_blank">https://x.com/war_noir/status/1550544494348697600</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:40">Campbell, David (2016). Israeli Soldier vs Syrian Soldier: Golan Heights 1967–73. Combat. illustrated by Johnny Shumate. Osprey Publishing. p. 10. ISBN 9781472813305. <a href="9781472813305" target="_blank">9781472813305</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:41">B, Eric (6 April 2017). "MP40 sub-machine gun in Syria". thefirearmblog.com. Retrieved 12 February 2025. <a href="https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2017/04/06/mp40-sub-machine-gun-syria/" target="_blank">https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2017/04/06/mp40-sub-machine-gun-syria/</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:42">Noir, War. "#Russia #Ukraine 🇷🇺🇺🇦: #Russian Forces have released a photo of the weapons allegedly seized from #Ukrainian Combatants in #Gostomel (#Hostomel), #Kyiv/#Kiev". x.com. War Noir. Retrieved 12 February 2025. <a href="https://x.com/war_noir/status/1505903903275200517" target="_blank">https://x.com/war_noir/status/1505903903275200517</a> <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:43">Windrow, Martin (1997). The Algerian War, 1954-62. Men-at Arms 312. London: Osprey Publishing. pp. 10&37. ISBN 978-1-85532-658-3. <a href="978-1-85532-658-3" target="_blank">978-1-85532-658-3</a> <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:44">de Quesada 2014, p. 66. - de Quesada, Alejandro (2014). MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Guns. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1780963884. <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:45">de Quesada 2014, p. 64. - de Quesada, Alejandro (2014). MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Guns. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1780963884. <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:46">de Quesada 2014, p. 28. - de Quesada, Alejandro (2014). MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Guns. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1780963884. <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:47">de Quesada 2014, p. 66. - de Quesada, Alejandro (2014). MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Guns. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1780963884. <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:48">Brnardic, Vladimir (17 November 2016). Aralica, Višeslav (ed.). World War II Croatian Legionaries: Croatian Troops Under Axis Command 1941—45. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-4728-1767-9. <a href="978-1-4728-1767-9" target="_blank">978-1-4728-1767-9</a> <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:49">de Quesada 2014, p. 66. - de Quesada, Alejandro (2014). MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Guns. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1780963884. <a href="#fnref:49" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:50">"FINNISH ARMY 1918 - 1945: MACHINEPISTOLS PART 2". www.jaegerplatoon.net. Retrieved 14 November 2022. <a href="https://www.jaegerplatoon.net/MACHINEPISTOLS2.htm" target="_blank">https://www.jaegerplatoon.net/MACHINEPISTOLS2.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:50" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:51">de Quesada 2014, p. 66. - de Quesada, Alejandro (2014). MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Guns. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1780963884. <a href="#fnref:51" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:52">Windrow, Martin (15 November 1998). The French Indochina War 1946–54. Men-at-Arms 322. Osprey Publishing. p. 12. ISBN 9781855327894. <a href="9781855327894" target="_blank">9781855327894</a> <a href="#fnref:52" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:53">"L'armement français en A.F.N." Gazette des Armes (in French). No. 220. March 1992. pp. 12–16. Archived from the original on 8 October 2018. Retrieved 8 October 2018. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181008174853/http://fr.1001mags.com/parution/gazette-des-armes/numero-220-mars-1992/page-12-13-texte-integral" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20181008174853/http://fr.1001mags.com/parution/gazette-des-armes/numero-220-mars-1992/page-12-13-texte-integral</a> <a href="#fnref:53" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:54">de Quesada 2014, p. 66. - de Quesada, Alejandro (2014). MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Guns. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1780963884. <a href="#fnref:54" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:55">McNab, Chris (2002). 20th Century Military Uniforms (2nd ed.). Kent: Grange Books. p. 124. ISBN 1-84013-476-3. <a href="1-84013-476-3" target="_blank">1-84013-476-3</a> <a href="#fnref:55" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:56">Perutka, Lukáš (September 2014). Checoslovaquia, Guatemala y México en el Período de la Revolución Guatemalteca: Ibero-Americana Pragensia - Supplementum 32/2013 (in Spanish). Karolinum Press. p. 110. ISBN 978-80-246-2429-7. <a href="978-80-246-2429-7" target="_blank">978-80-246-2429-7</a> <a href="#fnref:56" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:57">Montes, Julio A. (4 December 2015). "Police Small Arms Arsenals in the Northern Central American Triangle". Small Arms Defense Journal. Vol. 7, no. 5. <a href="http://www.sadefensejournal.com/wp/?p=3259" target="_blank">http://www.sadefensejournal.com/wp/?p=3259</a> <a href="#fnref:57" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:58">Tibor, Rada (2001). "Német gyalogsági fegyverek magyar kézben" [German infantry weapons in Hungarian hands]. A Magyar Királyi Honvéd Ludovika Akadémia és a Testvérintézetek Összefoglalt Története (1830-1945) (in Hungarian). Vol. II. Budapest: Gálos Nyomdász Kft. p. 1114. ISBN 963-85764-3-X. <a href="963-85764-3-X" target="_blank">963-85764-3-X</a> <a href="#fnref:58" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:59">de Quesada 2014, p. 77. - de Quesada, Alejandro (2014). MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Guns. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1780963884. <a href="#fnref:59" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:60">Katz 1988, p. 9. - Katz, Samuel (1988). Israeli Elite Units Since 1948. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 0-85045-8374. <a href="#fnref:60" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:61">"Silah Report Podcast V33: Iranian Submachine Guns (1941-1979)". 21 June 2021. <a href="https://silahreport.com/2021/06/21/iranian-submachine-guns-1941-1979/" target="_blank">https://silahreport.com/2021/06/21/iranian-submachine-guns-1941-1979/</a> <a href="#fnref:61" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:62">Gianluigi, Usai; Riccio, Ralph (28 January 2017). Italian partisan weapons in WWII. Schiffer Military History. pp. 184–185. ISBN 978-0764352102. <a href="978-0764352102" target="_blank">978-0764352102</a> <a href="#fnref:62" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:63">de Quesada 2014, p. 69. - de Quesada, Alejandro (2014). MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Guns. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1780963884. <a href="#fnref:63" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:64">de Quesada 2014, p. 20. - de Quesada, Alejandro (2014). MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Guns. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1780963884. <a href="#fnref:64" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:65">"Kiprah Tempur Pasukan Belanda" [Dutch Troops Combat History]. Angkasa Edisi Koleksi No. 82: Kisah Heroik Pertempuran Laut Trikora (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Kompas Gramedia Group. February 2013. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/Kompas_Gramedia_Group" target="_blank">/wiki/Kompas_Gramedia_Group</a> <a href="#fnref:65" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:66">de Quesada 2014, p. 68. - de Quesada, Alejandro (2014). MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Guns. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1780963884. <a href="#fnref:66" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:67">de Quesada 2014, p. 56. - de Quesada, Alejandro (2014). MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Guns. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1780963884. <a href="#fnref:67" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:68">de Quesada 2014, p. 23. - de Quesada, Alejandro (2014). MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Guns. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1780963884. <a href="#fnref:68" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:69">Sakaida, Henry (20 May 2003). Hook, Christa (ed.). Heroines of the Soviet Union 1941-45. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 59. ISBN 1841765988. <a href="1841765988" target="_blank">1841765988</a> <a href="#fnref:69" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:70">Cornish, Nik (20 June 2014). Karachtchouk, Andrei (ed.). Soviet Partisan 1941-45. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 29. ISBN 9781472801456. <a href="9781472801456" target="_blank">9781472801456</a> <a href="#fnref:70" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:71">Williams, Anthony G.; Popenker, Maxim (15 January 2012). Sub-Machine Gun: The Development of Sub-Machine Guns and their Ammunition from World War 1 to the Present Day. Crowood Press UK. p. 15. ISBN 978-1847972934. <a href="978-1847972934" target="_blank">978-1847972934</a> <a href="#fnref:71" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:72">Ezell, Edward Clinton (1988). Personal firepower. The Illustrated history of the Vietnam War 15. Bantam Books. pp. 42–44. ISBN 9780553345490. OCLC 1036801376. <a href="9780553345490" target="_blank">9780553345490</a> <a href="#fnref:72" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:73">de Quesada 2014, p. 64. - de Quesada, Alejandro (2014). MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Guns. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1780963884. <a href="#fnref:73" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:74">Rottman, Gordon L. (25 July 2002). Green Beret in Vietnam 1957–73. Warrior 28. Osprey Publishing. p. 41. ISBN 9781855325685. <a href="9781855325685" target="_blank">9781855325685</a> <a href="#fnref:74" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:75">Ezell, Edward Clinton (1988). Personal firepower. The Illustrated history of the Vietnam War 15. Bantam Books. pp. 42–44. ISBN 9780553345490. OCLC 1036801376. <a href="9780553345490" target="_blank">9780553345490</a> <a href="#fnref:75" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:76">de Quesada 2014, p. 66. - de Quesada, Alejandro (2014). MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Guns. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1780963884. <a href="#fnref:76" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:77">Abbott, Peter; Botham, Philip (15 June 1986). Modern African Wars (1): Rhodesia 1965–80. Men-at-Arms 183. Osprey Publishing. p. 10. ISBN 9780850457285. <a href="9780850457285" target="_blank">9780850457285</a> <a href="#fnref:77" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:78">"Chapter XVIII: The Occupation Troops". history.army.mil. Retrieved 5 January 2018. <a href="https://history.army.mil/books/wwii/Occ-GY/ch18.htm" target="_blank">https://history.army.mil/books/wwii/Occ-GY/ch18.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:78" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:79">"Lot 1566: German - MP 40". www.rockislandauction.com. Retrieved 19 March 2021. <a href="https://www.rockislandauction.com/detail/71/1566/german-mp-40" target="_blank">https://www.rockislandauction.com/detail/71/1566/german-mp-40</a> <a href="#fnref:79" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:80">Iannamico, Frank (1 December 2017). "MP 40 Road Test". Small Arms Review. Retrieved 29 July 2022. <a href="http://www.smallarmsreview.com/display.article.cfm?idarticles=3953" target="_blank">http://www.smallarmsreview.com/display.article.cfm?idarticles=3953</a> <a href="#fnref:80" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:81">"Submachine Guns". Machine Gun Price Guide. April 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2022. <a href="http://machinegunpriceguide.com/html/subguns.html" target="_blank">http://machinegunpriceguide.com/html/subguns.html</a> <a href="#fnref:81" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:82">Grant, Jim (19 January 2014). "ATI's GSG MP40, the quintessential bad-guy gun". Guns.com. Retrieved 5 January 2018. <a href="http://www.guns.com/2014/01/19/mp40-22lr/" target="_blank">http://www.guns.com/2014/01/19/mp40-22lr/</a> <a href="#fnref:82" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:83">Johnson, Steve (24 February 2016). "BREAKING NEWS: ATF Approve ATI MP40 9mm Pistol (Pistol Version of German WWII MP40 Submachine Gun) - The Firearm Blog". The Firearm Blog. Retrieved 5 January 2018. <a href="http://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2016/02/24/breaking-news/" target="_blank">http://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2016/02/24/breaking-news/</a> <a href="#fnref:83" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

MP 40 open-in-new

MP 40