Menu
Home
People
Places
Arts
History
Plants & Animals
Science
Life & Culture
Technology
Reference.org
2019 in spaceflight
open-in-new
<h2 id="overview">Overview</h2> <h3>Astronomy and astrophysics</h3> <p>The Russian-German X-ray observing satellite <a href="/facts/Spektr-RG/tqNoLvdS">Spektr-RG</a> was launched on 13 July. </p> <h3>Lunar exploration</h3><p> The Chinese probe <a href="/facts/Chang%27e_4/cn1fgHWP">Chang'e 4</a> made humanity's first soft landing on the <a href="/facts/Far_side_of_the_Moon/aUgDPTzj">far side of the Moon</a> on 3 January and released its <i><a href="/facts/Yutu_2/FYEMYKmb">Yutu 2</a></i> rover to explore the lunar surface on the far side for the first time in human history. </p> The first panorama from the far side of the Moon, captured by <a href="/facts/Chang%27e_4/cn1fgHWP">Chang'e 4</a> lander <p><a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY">Israel</a>'s <a href="/facts/SpaceIL/k8IFCKhG">SpaceIL</a>, one of the participants in the expired <a href="/facts/Google_Lunar_X_Prize/nkwLKplf">Google Lunar X Prize</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> launched the first private mission to the Moon in February. The <i><a href="/facts/Beresheet/d3aI71hY">Beresheet</a></i> lander from <a href="/facts/SpaceIL/k8IFCKhG">SpaceIL</a> made the landing attempt in April, but crashed onto the Moon.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> India launched the delayed <a href="/facts/Chandrayaan-2/F8kvgznt">Chandrayaan-2</a> lunar orbiter/lander/rover in July; the orbiter reached lunar orbit in September, but the <i>Vikram</i> lander crashed onto the lunar surface.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> </p> <h3>Exploration of the Solar System</h3> <p>The probe <i><a href="/facts/New_Horizons/G5XTU5DK">New Horizons</a></i> encountered the <a href="/facts/Kuiper_belt/IvLzYp5P">Kuiper belt</a> object <a href="/facts/486958_Arrokoth/7HQPCVNA">486958 Arrokoth</a> on 1 January. This is the farthest object from the Sun ever to have a close encounter with a spacecraft.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> The Japanese asteroid exploration mission <a href="/facts/Hayabusa2/ATAbjP6C">Hayabusa2</a> made a second touchdown with <a href="/facts/162173_Ryugu/I3RA3ITC">162173 Ryugu</a> to collect samples,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> and departed for Earth on 12 November.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> NASA declared the <a href="/facts/Opportunity_(rover)/MEC0VIuy">Mars rover <i>Opportunity'</i>s</a> mission over on 13 February.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/InSight/tFjy03P6">InSight</a> lander observed the first recorded <a href="/facts/Marsquake/AjgpnaXw">Marsquake</a> in April.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p> <h3>Human spaceflight</h3> <p>The first <a href="/facts/Commercial_Crew_Development/zzwrbnDF">Commercial Crew Development</a> test missions flew this year, aiming to restore <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a> human spaceflight capability following <a href="/facts/Space_Shuttle/7BoyetEv">Space Shuttle</a> retirement in 2011. In an uncrewed test flight, <a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a> <a href="/facts/SpaceX_Dragon_2/Wy8kUegK">SpaceX Dragon 2</a> successfully flew on a <a href="/facts/Falcon_9/mNck6vby">Falcon 9</a> to the <a href="/facts/International_Space_Station/VNPUBz9m">International Space Station</a> on 3 March 2019; the crewed mission was delayed when the recovered capsule exploded during testing on 20 April.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Boeing/tF5sMe9F">Boeing</a>'s <a href="/facts/CST-100_Starliner/VHmM9Yp7">CST-100 Starliner</a> launched a similar <a href="/facts/Boeing_Orbital_Flight_Test/3YoYAAUW">uncrewed test flight</a> on an <a href="/facts/Atlas_V/5SNgegyt">Atlas V</a> on 20 December, but an anomaly during launch meant that it could not reach the ISS and had to land only 2 days later.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p> <h3>Rocket innovation</h3> <p>At the beginning of the year, around 100 <a href="/facts/Small_satellite/vXN5EwvX">small satellite</a> launchers were in active use, in development, or were recently cancelled or stalled.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> Three Chinese manufacturers launched their first orbital rocket in 2019: The maiden flight of <a href="/facts/OS-M1/s9tmukBA">OS-M1</a> in March failed to reach orbit,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> the maiden flights of <a href="/facts/Hyperbola-1/lyfjoyY9">Hyperbola-1</a> in July<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> and of <a href="/facts/Jielong_1/yvb95h1V">Jielong 1</a> in August<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> were successful. The <a href="/facts/PSLV-DL/KantsJM7">PSLV-DL</a> and <a href="/facts/PSLV-QL/KantsJM7">PSLV-QL</a> variants of the Indian PSLV first flew in January and April respectively. </p><p>SpaceX began testing of the <a href="/facts/SpaceX_Starship/zkm1P9kA">SpaceX Starship</a> in 2019, with an <a href="/facts/Uncrewed_spacecraft/Reevc0WV">uncrewed</a> prototype "Starhopper" flying 150m in the air in a suborbital test flight on 27 August.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/Heavy-lift_launch_vehicle/IUfQAwcI">heavy-lift</a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_5/rzP8BRBA">Long March 5</a> made its return to flight in December, more than two years after the <a href="/facts/Long_March_5/rzP8BRBA">July 2017 launch failure</a> that grounded the vehicle and forced an engine redesign.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> </p><p>The "single stick" <a href="/facts/Delta_IV/QWun0yHh">Delta IV</a> was retired in August,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> and the analog-controlled <a href="/facts/Soyuz-FG/IXLFSTfd">Soyuz-FG</a> was retired in September.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> Due to Ukraine banning control system exports to Russia, <a href="/facts/Rokot/xXx9Gzg7">Rokot</a> was retired after a final flight in December.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="orbital-launches">Orbital launches</h2> <table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/2018_in_spaceflight/TEVVV0By">←</a> Jan</li><li>Feb</li><li>Mar</li><li>Apr</li><li>May</li><li>Jun</li><li>Jul</li><li>Aug</li><li>Sep</li><li>Oct</li><li>Nov</li><li>Dec <a href="/facts/2020_in_spaceflight/BEL9CByf">→</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table> <table><tbody><tr><th rowspan="3" scope="col">Date and time (<a href="/facts/UTC/2EnjfSyu">UTC</a>)</th><th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/facts/Rocket/b6j4keIl">Rocket</a></th><th scope="col">Flight number</th><th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/facts/Launch_site/y2SJQ8Wr">Launch site</a></th><th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/facts/Launch_service_provider/zAIh2zt4">LSP</a></th></tr><tr><th rowspan="2"></th><th><a href="/facts/Payload/wb7m7LLV">Payload</a>(⚀ = <a href="/facts/CubeSat/jL2IpYKd">CubeSat</a>)</th><th>Operator</th><th><a href="/facts/Orbit/nD2TPySG">Orbit</a></th><th>Function</th><th><a href="/facts/Orbital_decay/c9rj3aK6">Decay</a> (UTC)</th><th>Outcome</th></tr><tr><th colspan="6">Remarks</th></tr><tr><td colspan="8"><h3>January</h3></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">10 January17:05<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_3B/7HAsDyeL">Long March 3B</a>/E</td><td>3B-Y56<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center/LFCcfqxT">Xichang</a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Launch_Complex_2/LFCcfqxT">LC-2</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Chinasat/s2B9V1lI">Chinasat</a> 2D</td><td><a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">11 January15:31<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Falcon_9_Block_5/0QqsLwWb">Falcon 9 Block 5</a></td><td>F9-067</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base/CHNed3F4">Vandenberg</a> <a href="/facts/SLC-4E/JVoP1fwD">SLC-4E</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Iridium_NEXT/cB4n6MbQ">Iridium NEXT</a> 66–75</td><td><a href="/facts/Iridium_Communications/UVnlrjDM">Iridium</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">15 January<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> <a href="/facts/Simorgh_(rocket)/YujCuwTg">Simorgh</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> <a href="/facts/Semnan_Space_Center/bQ1ImTG4">Semnan</a> <a href="/facts/Imam_Khomeini_Spaceport/0FUe8VUN">LP-2</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> <a href="/facts/Iranian_Space_Agency/UEzFYESI">ISA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> Payam-e Amirkabir / AUTSAT 1<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Amirkabir_University_of_Technology/a1NsEY5V">Amirkabir University of Technology</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">15 January</td><td rowspan="1">Launch failure</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Third stage malfunctioned, satellite failed to reach orbit.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="10">18 January00:50:20<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Epsilon_(rocket)/yYqSd7J0">Epsilon</a></td><td>Epsilon-4<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Uchinoura_Space_Center/qdxArHnD">Uchinoura</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/JAXA/ofUpflgf">JAXA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="9"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/RAPIS-1/G5NRQBYd">RAPIS-1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/JAXA/ofUpflgf">JAXA</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/ALE-1/G5NRQBYd">ALE-1</a> / ALE-DOM</td><td><a href="/facts/Astro_Live_Experiences/pFwz1fAo">Astro Live Experiences</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td>Artificial <a href="/facts/Meteor_shower/ff47hYJA">meteor shower</a></td><td rowspan="1">ALE-1: In orbit<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a>ALE-DOM: 3 August 2022<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Payload failure<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Hodoyoshi-2/G5NRQBYd">Hodoyoshi-2</a> (RISESAT)</td><td><a href="/facts/Tohoku_University/ec7m7vYy">Tohoku University</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">14 March 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Vietnam/0ulfA8Eq"></a> <a href="/facts/MicroDragon/G5NRQBYd">MicroDragon</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Vietnam_National_Satellite_Center/mpm4XC34">VNSC</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">1 October 2024<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Singapore/CQDkhUvD"></a> / <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/AOBA-VELOX_4/G5NRQBYd">AOBA-VELOX 4</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Nanyang_Technological_University/C0ksstA4">Nanyang Technological University</a>, <a href="/facts/Kyushu_Institute_of_Technology/nue2L9gz">Kyutech</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">24 March 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/NEXUS_(satellite)/G5NRQBYd">NEXUS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Nihon_University/qyqMBTFz">Nihon University</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Amateur_radio_satellite/FQh7pzeM">Amateur radio</a></td><td rowspan="1">9 November 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/OrigamiSat-1/G5NRQBYd">OrigamiSat-1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Tokyo_Institute_of_Technology/kqdLTkto">Tokyo Institute of Technology</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">30 April 2022<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Launch of the <a href="/facts/Innovative_Satellite_Technology_Demonstration-1/G5NRQBYd">Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-1</a> mission.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">19 January19:05<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Delta_IV_Heavy/hLQT6QQG">Delta IV Heavy</a></td><td>D-382</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base/CHNed3F4">Vandenberg</a> <a href="/facts/SLC-6/mpD2bALS">SLC-6</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/United_Launch_Alliance/yWev1ndb">ULA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/KH-11_Kennen/yb96hV4E">KH-11 17</a> (<a href="/facts/List_of_USA_satellites/JvHl6zI2">USA-290</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/National_Reconnaissance_Office/Rnh04L8L">NRO</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Reconnaissance_satellite/LkL0IYHH">Reconnaissance</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6"><a href="/facts/NROL/cr5CUmIT">NROL</a>-71 mission.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="6">21 January05:42<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_11/kLqKep10">Long March 11</a></td><td>Y6<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center/cenXHpsK">Jiuquan</a> LS-95A</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Jilin-1/b3Uf14EG">Jilin-1 Hyperspectral-01</a> (Jilin Lincao 1)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Chang_Guang_Satellite_Technology/QLxGxGkC">Chang Guang Satellite Technology</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Jilin-1/b3Uf14EG">Jilin-1 Hyperspectral-02</a> (Wenchang Chaosun 1)</td><td><a href="/facts/Chang_Guang_Satellite_Technology/QLxGxGkC">Chang Guang Satellite Technology</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Xiaoxiang 1-03<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a></td><td>Tianyi Research Institute</td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">14 June 2022<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Lingque 1A<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a></td><td>Beijing ZeroG Technology</td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">14 June 2022<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="5">24 January18:07<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/PSLV/KantsJM7">PSLV</a>-DL</td><td><a href="/facts/PSLV-C44/nEjB6NS1">C44</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre/GkXD3tL3">Satish Dhawan</a> <a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre_First_Launch_Pad/GkXD3tL3">FLP</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/ISRO/CdAoFQTL">ISRO</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Microsat-R/f0sHe9kQ">Microsat-R</a></td><td><a href="/facts/DRDO/HYTLS49D">DRDO</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a> <a href="/facts/Anti-satellite_weapon/vd3acxFt">ASAT</a> target</td><td rowspan="1">27 March</td><td rowspan="1">Destroyed<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> Kalamsat<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a></td><td>Space Kidz India<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Amateur_radio_satellite/FQh7pzeM">HAM Radio</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">22 December 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Maiden flight of PSLV-DL. Microsat-R served as target for Indian ASAT experiment on 27 March 2019.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"><table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/2018_in_spaceflight/TEVVV0By">←</a> Jan</li><li>Feb</li><li>Mar</li><li>Apr</li><li>May</li><li>Jun</li><li>Jul</li><li>Aug</li><li>Sep</li><li>Oct</li><li>Nov</li><li>Dec <a href="/facts/2020_in_spaceflight/BEL9CByf">→</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h3>February</h3></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">5 February<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> <a href="/facts/Safir_(rocket)/jmDrfeug">Safir-1B</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> <a href="/facts/Semnan_Space_Center/bQ1ImTG4">Semnan</a> <a href="/facts/Semnan_Space_Center/bQ1ImTG4">LP-1</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> <a href="/facts/Iranian_Space_Agency/UEzFYESI">ISA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> Dousti</td><td><a href="/facts/Sharif_University_of_Technology/FN8IfJwx">Sharif University of Technology</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a>, <a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Remote sensing</a></td><td rowspan="1">5 February</td><td rowspan="1">Launch failure<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">5 February21:01<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Ariane_5/H78wlLG4">Ariane 5</a> ECA</td><td><a href="/facts/Ariane_flight_VA247/yyCMsHpH">VA247</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Centre_Spatial_Guyanais/hp6TSJ6W">Kourou</a> <a href="/facts/ELA-3/KpwR3FYw">ELA-3</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Arianespace/qxMUItMm">Arianespace</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Greece/lqHw8bTB"></a> <a href="/facts/Hellas_Sat_4/FfDrLDA9">Hellas Sat 4</a> / <a href="/facts/Saudi_Arabia/uyUpe1J2"></a> <a href="/facts/SGS-1/FfDrLDA9">SaudiGeoSat-1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Hellas-Sat/Tgwty5fU">Hellas-Sat</a> / <a href="/facts/ArabSat/quyPE2KF">ArabSat</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/GSAT-31/y2Mvvkvc">GSAT-31</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/ISRO/CdAoFQTL">ISRO</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">21 February16:47<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-2.1b/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2.1b</a> / <a href="/facts/Fregat-M/Sv4Ub6GJ">Fregat-M</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_31/R5tljuwK">Site 31/6</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Egypt/8Ttg0JwB"></a> <a href="/facts/EgyptSat_A/ncm16mrQ">EgyptSat A</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NARSS/boTNv3rv">NARSS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Third stage anomaly but achieved orbit in contingency mode</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="6">22 February01:45<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Falcon_9_Block_5/0QqsLwWb">Falcon 9 Block 5</a></td><td>F9-068</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/CCAFS/dwJ9MCPH">Cape Canaveral</a> <a href="/facts/SLC-40/z6Ql3cuD">SLC-40</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Indonesia/vQnWU3IW"></a> <a href="/facts/Nusantara_Satu/6XEKafSK">Nusantara Satu</a></td><td><a href="/facts/PT_Pasifik_Satelit_Nusantara/fddyAG4h">PSN</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> <i><a href="/facts/Beresheet/d3aI71hY">Beresheet</a></i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/SpaceIL/k8IFCKhG">SpaceIL</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Trans-lunar_injection/nc16VTrG">Moon transfer</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Lunar_lander/M6UsNnXY">Lunar lander</a></td><td rowspan="1">11 April</td><td rowspan="1">Landing failure</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> S5<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/AFRL/QGBMMKKa">AFRL</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6"><i>Beresheet</i> raised its orbit towards the Moon from a <a href="/facts/Supersynchronous_transfer_orbit/Ge5ssJq4">supersynchronous transfer orbit</a> with 60,000 km apogee.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">27 February21:37<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz_ST-B/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz ST-B</a> / <a href="/facts/Fregat-M/Sv4Ub6GJ">Fregat-M</a></td><td>VS21</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Centre_Spatial_Guyanais/hp6TSJ6W">Kourou</a> <a href="/facts/Ensemble_de_Lancement_Soyouz/KfapNnLj">ELS</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Arianespace/qxMUItMm">Arianespace</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2"></a> <a href="/facts/OneWeb/EWEtjggY">OneWeb</a> × 6</td><td><a href="/facts/OneWeb/EWEtjggY">OneWeb</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">First flight for OneWeb satellite constellation. Kourou flight 1.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"><table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/2018_in_spaceflight/TEVVV0By">←</a> Jan</li><li>Feb</li><li>Mar</li><li>Apr</li><li>May</li><li>Jun</li><li>Jul</li><li>Aug</li><li>Sep</li><li>Oct</li><li>Nov</li><li>Dec <a href="/facts/2020_in_spaceflight/BEL9CByf">→</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h3>March</h3></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">2 March07:49:03<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68"><sup>68</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Falcon_9_Block_5/0QqsLwWb">Falcon 9 Block 5</a></td><td>F9-069</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Kennedy_Space_Center/zmwszuPr">Kennedy</a> <a href="/facts/LC-39A/pnH83f5s">LC-39A</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/SpX-DM1/mrrJKcuw">SpX-DM1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a> / <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Flight_test/uyrUsN4M">Flight test</a> / <a href="/facts/ISS_logistics/3D6pBpHD">ISS logistics</a></td><td rowspan="1">8 March</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Crew Dragon Demo 1: Test of the <a href="/facts/SpaceX_Dragon_2/Wy8kUegK">SpaceX Dragon 2</a> as part of <a href="/facts/Commercial_Crew_Development/zzwrbnDF">Commercial Crew Development</a> program.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">9 March17:28<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69"><sup>69</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_3B/7HAsDyeL">Long March 3B</a>/E</td><td>3B-Y54<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70"><sup>70</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center/LFCcfqxT">Xichang</a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Launch_Complex_2/LFCcfqxT">LC-2</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Chinasat/s2B9V1lI">Chinasat</a> 6C (Zhongxing 6C)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71"><sup>71</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/China_Satellite_Communications/4dTsFAox">China Satcom</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">300th launch of the Long March rocket family.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72"><sup>72</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">14 March19:14:09<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73"><sup>73</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-FG/IXLFSTfd">Soyuz-FG</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Gagarin%27s_Start/9oK8wcD4">Site 1/5</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz_MS-12/bpjvL205">Soyuz MS-12</a> / 58S</td><td><a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/International_Space_Station/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Expedition_59/hMYm5z8a">Expedition 59</a>/<a href="/facts/Expedition_60/q9A4wXaY">60</a></td><td rowspan="1">3 October10:59</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Crewed flight with three cosmonauts.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">16 March00:26<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74"><sup>74</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Delta_IV/QWun0yHh">Delta IV</a> M+(5,4)</td><td>D-383</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/CCAFS/dwJ9MCPH">Cape Canaveral</a> <a href="/facts/SLC-37B/bGEN3MjW">SLC-37B</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/United_Launch_Alliance/yWev1ndb">ULA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Wideband_Global_SATCOM/c0CIqNDN">WGS-10</a> (USA-291)</td><td><a href="/facts/U.S._Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">U.S. Air Force</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Last flight of Delta IV M+ (5,4) variant<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75"><sup>75</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">22 March01:50:35<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76"><sup>76</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF"></a> <a href="/facts/Vega_(rocket)/AuH9mJ32">Vega</a></td><td>VV14</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Centre_Spatial_Guyanais/hp6TSJ6W">Kourou</a> <a href="/facts/ELA-1/pAcCbUz3">ELV</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Arianespace/qxMUItMm">Arianespace</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF"></a> <a href="/facts/PRISMA_(spacecraft)/pmD8GTss">PRISMA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Italian_Space_Agency/HNANQ521">Italian Space Agency</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">600th satellite orbited by Arianespace<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77"><sup>77</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">27 March09:39<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78"><sup>78</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/OS-M1/s9tmukBA">OS-M1</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center/cenXHpsK">Jiuquan</a> LS-95B</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/OneSpace/s9tmukBA">OneSpace</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Lingque 1B</td><td>Beijing ZeroG Technology</td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">27 March</td><td rowspan="1">Launch failure</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Maiden flight of OS-M1 rocket.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">28 March23:27<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79"><sup>79</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Electron_(rocket)/wmMhl3aA">Electron</a></td><td>"Two Thumbs Up"</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/New_Zealand/4mpSlJdg"></a> <a href="/facts/Mahia_LC-1A/2kD8ec3L">Mahia LC-1A</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Rocket_Lab/o5Wlgg6P">Rocket Lab</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> R3D2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80"><sup>80</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/DARPA/Uf9sarhT">DARPA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">23 May 202110:00<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81"><sup>81</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">31 March15:50<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82"><sup>82</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_3B/7HAsDyeL">Long March 3B</a>/E</td><td>3B-Y44<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83"><sup>83</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center/LFCcfqxT">Xichang</a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Launch_Complex_2/LFCcfqxT">LC-2</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Tianlian 2-01</td><td><a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a> (tracking and relay)</td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"><table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/2018_in_spaceflight/TEVVV0By">←</a> Jan</li><li>Feb</li><li>Mar</li><li>Apr</li><li>May</li><li>Jun</li><li>Jul</li><li>Aug</li><li>Sep</li><li>Oct</li><li>Nov</li><li>Dec <a href="/facts/2020_in_spaceflight/BEL9CByf">→</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h3>April</h3></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="10">1 April03:57<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84"><sup>84</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/PSLV/KantsJM7">PSLV</a>-QL</td><td><a href="/facts/PSLV-C45/1wYRzbQG">C45</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85"><sup>85</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre/GkXD3tL3">Satish Dhawan</a> <a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre_Second_Launch_Pad/GkXD3tL3">SLP</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/ISRO/CdAoFQTL">ISRO</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="9"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/EMISAT/Sn4h1S1q">EMISAT</a></td><td><a href="/facts/ISRO/CdAoFQTL">ISRO</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/ELINT/Iwzvw6AW">ELINT</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86"><sup>86</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Spain/bIyrB8EY"></a> Aistechsat-3</td><td><a href="/facts/GomSpace/UlN7QAUf">GomSpace</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a>, <a href="/facts/Traffic_monitoring/wrBPNLvz">Traffic monitoring</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Switzerland/LcGuxeTe"></a> <a href="/facts/Astrocast/ecnkPlY7">Astrocast</a> 0.2</td><td><a href="/facts/Astrocast_SA/ecnkPlY7">Astrocast SA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">19 November 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87"><sup>87</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Lithuania/dApVjLWW"></a> <a href="/facts/BlueWalker_1/Pun7zBj5">BlueWalker 1</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88"><sup>88</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/AST_%26_Science/Pun7zBj5">AST & Science</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Test_flight/uyrUsN4M">Test flight</a></td><td rowspan="1">29 November 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89"><sup>89</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Flock_(satellite)/IF1z08vV">Flock</a>-4a × 20<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90"><sup>90</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Planet_Labs/IF1z08vV">Planet Labs</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">First: 14 March 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91"><sup>91</sup></a>Last: 8 August 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92"><sup>92</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Lemur-2/DQpgMngs">Lemur-2</a> × 4</td><td><a href="/facts/Spire_Global/DQpgMngs">Spire Global</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">First: 7 March 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93"><sup>93</sup></a>Last: 30 June 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94"><sup>94</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Lithuania/dApVjLWW"></a> <a href="/facts/NanoAvionics/TjALDNpD">M6P</a></td><td>SpaceWorks Orbital / Lacuna Space</td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">20 July 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95"><sup>95</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Maiden flight of PSLV-QL</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">4 April11:01:35<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:96" href="#fn:96"><sup>96</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-2.1a/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2.1a</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_31/R5tljuwK">Site 31/6</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Progress_MS-11/DAwlUe2n">Progress MS-11</a> / 72P</td><td><a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/ISS_logistics/3D6pBpHD">ISS logistics</a></td><td rowspan="1">29 July</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">4 April17:03<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:97" href="#fn:97"><sup>97</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz_ST-B/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz ST-B</a> / <a href="/facts/Fregat-MT/Sv4Ub6GJ">Fregat-MT</a></td><td>VS22</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Centre_Spatial_Guyanais/hp6TSJ6W">Kourou</a> <a href="/facts/Ensemble_de_Lancement_Soyouz/KfapNnLj">ELS</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Arianespace/qxMUItMm">Arianespace</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Luxembourg/vRN04l7f"></a> <a href="/facts/O3b/5uhXa53e">O3b</a> × 4 (FM17–FM20)</td><td><a href="/facts/SES_S.A./rmak3edy">SES S.A.</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Medium_Earth_orbit/7Qmz5XxG">Medium Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">11 April22:35<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:98" href="#fn:98"><sup>98</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Falcon_Heavy/vh7so7BW">Falcon Heavy</a></td><td>FH-002</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Kennedy_Space_Center/zmwszuPr">Kennedy</a> <a href="/facts/LC-39A/pnH83f5s">LC-39A</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Saudi_Arabia/uyUpe1J2"></a> <a href="/facts/Arabsat-6A/YC4x12KV">Arabsat-6A</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:99" href="#fn:99"><sup>99</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/ArabSat/quyPE2KF">ArabSat</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="20">17 April20:46<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:100" href="#fn:100"><sup>100</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Antares_230/bjaHqCmA">Antares 230</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Mid-Atlantic_Regional_Spaceport/NerIMmk0">MARS</a> <a href="/facts/Mid-Atlantic_Regional_Spaceport_Launch_Pad_0/tdB0Io71">LP-0A</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Northrop_Grumman_Innovation_Systems/zwkJhWEe">Northrop Grumman</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="19"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Cygnus_NG-11/ENVysndq">Cygnus NG-11</a>S.S. <i>Roger Chaffee</i></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/ISS_logistics/3D6pBpHD">ISS logistics</a></td><td rowspan="1">6 December</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> AeroCube-10 × 2</td><td><a href="/facts/The_Aerospace_Corporation/Thz1oDIY">The Aerospace Corporation</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">10A: 4 May 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:101" href="#fn:101"><sup>101</sup></a>10B: 15 May 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:102" href="#fn:102"><sup>102</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> EntrySat</td><td><a href="/facts/Institut_sup%C3%A9rieur_de_l%27a%C3%A9ronautique_et_de_l%27espace/0vxAdT6P">ISAE-SUPAERO</a> / <a href="/facts/ONERA/4zwE9F3H">ONERA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">10 August 2021<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:103" href="#fn:103"><sup>103</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2"></a> IOD-1 GEMS<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:104" href="#fn:104"><sup>104</sup></a></td><td>Orbital Micro Systems</td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a> / <a href="/facts/Weather_satellite/yl7QCK8n">Meteorology</a></td><td rowspan="1">3 April 202114:11<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:105" href="#fn:105"><sup>105</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Poland/eXJ7fd0D"></a> KRAKsat</td><td><a href="/facts/AGH_University_of_Science_and_Technology/FQgzUpeI">AGH University of Science and Technology</a> / <a href="/facts/Jagiellonian_University/m4yGkw85">Jagiellonian University</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">17 January 2022<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:106" href="#fn:106"><sup>106</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Spacecraft failure<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:107" href="#fn:107"><sup>107</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Nepal/yWCzTBR2"></a> <a href="/facts/NepaliSat-1/dgfUQ5nl">NepaliSat-1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Kyushu_Institute_of_Technology/nue2L9gz">KyuTech</a> / <a href="/facts/Nepal_Academy_of_Science_and_Technology/3zSzsHEj">NAST</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">4 October 2021<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:108" href="#fn:108"><sup>108</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Quantum-Radar 3<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:109" href="#fn:109"><sup>109</sup></a></td><td>SEOPS</td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_laser_ranging/y5GjpCNF">Satellite laser ranging</a></td><td rowspan="1">7 March 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:110" href="#fn:110"><sup>110</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Sri_Lanka/VtTBmysE"></a> <a href="/facts/Raavana_1/VN7CeYtw">Raavana 1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Arthur_C._Clarke_Institute_for_Modern_Technologies/hTrTnALE">ACCIMT</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">3 October 2021<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:111" href="#fn:111"><sup>111</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> SASSI2</td><td><a href="/facts/University_of_Illinois/gusw7HoS">University of Illinois</a> / <a href="/facts/Purdue_University/dRuTdltL">Purdue University</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a> / Education</td><td rowspan="1">28 April<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:112" href="#fn:112"><sup>112</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Spacecraft failure<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:113" href="#fn:113"><sup>113</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Seeker_(spacecraft)/GbJkUamx">Seeker</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Singapore/CQDkhUvD"></a> SpooQy-1</td><td><a href="/facts/National_University_of_Singapore/vP3kw0ye">NUS</a> / <a href="/facts/Singapore_Space_and_Technology_Ltd/9RtY4rel">SSTA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">16 October 2021<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:114" href="#fn:114"><sup>114</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:115" href="#fn:115"><sup>115</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Poland/eXJ7fd0D"></a> Swiatowid</td><td><a href="/facts/SatRevolution/2CeasS8n">SatRevolution</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a> / <a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">14 March 2021<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:116" href="#fn:116"><sup>116</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> ThinSat × 60</td><td><a href="/facts/Virginia_Commercial_Space_Flight_Authority/9PYxTT4P">Virginia Space</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a> / Education</td><td rowspan="1">28 April<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:117" href="#fn:117"><sup>117</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful (49/60 ThinSats)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:118" href="#fn:118"><sup>118</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> Uguisu</td><td><a href="/facts/Kyushu_Institute_of_Technology/nue2L9gz">KyuTech</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">7 October 2021<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:119" href="#fn:119"><sup>119</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> VCC A (Aeternitas)</td><td>Virginia Space Grant Consortium</td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">18 October 2021<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:120" href="#fn:120"><sup>120</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Spacecraft failure</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> VCC B (Libertas)</td><td>Virginia Space Grant Consortium</td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">13 October 2021<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:121" href="#fn:121"><sup>121</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Spacecraft failure</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> VCC C (Ceres)</td><td>Virginia Space Grant Consortium</td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">15 May 2021<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:122" href="#fn:122"><sup>122</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Spacecraft failure</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">SASSI2 and the 60 ThinSats were secondary payloads carried aboard the Antares upper stage booster.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:123" href="#fn:123"><sup>123</sup></a> EntrySat, IOD-1, KRAKsat, Swiatowid, Virginia CubeSat Constellation (VCC), Uguisu, <a href="/facts/Raavana_1/VN7CeYtw">Raavana 1</a>, <a href="/facts/NepaliSat-1/dgfUQ5nl">NepaliSat-1</a>, and SpooQy-1 were carried in Cygnus and later deployed from the <a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>. The AeroCubes and <a href="/facts/Seeker_(spacecraft)/GbJkUamx">Seeker</a> were carried in the unpressurized compartment of Cygnus, and deployed from Cygnus after its departure from the ISS. Uguisu, <a href="/facts/Raavana_1/VN7CeYtw">Raavana 1</a>, <a href="/facts/NepaliSat-1/dgfUQ5nl">NepaliSat-1</a>, and SpooQy-1 were deployed into orbit from the ISS on 17 June 2019. IOD-1 GEMS, KRAKsat, Swiatowid, EntrySat, and three VCC satellites were deployed into orbit on 3 July 2019. <a href="/facts/NepaliSat-1/dgfUQ5nl">NepaliSat-1</a> is the first Nepalese satellite and <a href="/facts/Raavana_1/VN7CeYtw">Raavana 1</a> is the first Sri Lankan satellite. On the departure of Cygnus NG-11 from the ISS, SlingShot Deployer—carrying Quantum Radar, NARSSCube-2, RFTSat, and ORCA—was placed on its hatch bulkhead.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:124" href="#fn:124"><sup>124</sup></a> Those CubeSats and also AeroCube-10 were deployed into orbit from Cygnus on 7 August 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:125" href="#fn:125"><sup>125</sup></a> The VCC satellites were unresponsive to attempts to contact them following their deployment.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:126" href="#fn:126"><sup>126</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:127" href="#fn:127"><sup>127</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">20 April14:41<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:128" href="#fn:128"><sup>128</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_3B/7HAsDyeL">Long March 3B</a>/E</td><td>3B-Y59<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:129" href="#fn:129"><sup>129</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center/LFCcfqxT">Xichang</a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Launch_Complex_3/LFCcfqxT">LC-3</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/BeiDou/eW9Ex0WP">BeiDou</a>-3 <a href="/facts/List_of_BeiDou_satellites/d90YPxck">I1Q</a> (Beidou-44)</td><td><a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Inclined_geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">IGSO</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_navigation/lVgPlF5v">Navigation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">29 April22:52<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:130" href="#fn:130"><sup>130</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_4B/CY23M8Ra">Long March 4B</a></td><td>4B-Y36<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:131" href="#fn:131"><sup>131</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Taiyuan_Satellite_Launch_Center/qgEeV9KG">Taiyuan</a> LC-9</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Tianhui_(satellite)/cqcKQcV3">Tianhui</a> 2-01A</td><td><a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Tianhui_(satellite)/cqcKQcV3">Tianhui</a> 2-01B</td><td><a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"><table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/2018_in_spaceflight/TEVVV0By">←</a> Jan</li><li>Feb</li><li>Mar</li><li>Apr</li><li>May</li><li>Jun</li><li>Jul</li><li>Aug</li><li>Sep</li><li>Oct</li><li>Nov</li><li>Dec <a href="/facts/2020_in_spaceflight/BEL9CByf">→</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h3>May</h3></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="5">4 May06:48<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:132" href="#fn:132"><sup>132</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Falcon_9_Block_5/0QqsLwWb">Falcon 9 Block 5</a></td><td>F9-070</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/CCAFS/dwJ9MCPH">Cape Canaveral</a> <a href="/facts/SLC-40/z6Ql3cuD">SLC-40</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/SpaceX_CRS-17/FUFfK9PJ">SpaceX CRS-17</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/ISS_logistics/3D6pBpHD">ISS logistics</a></td><td rowspan="1">3 June</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Red-Eye 1 (Pinot)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:133" href="#fn:133"><sup>133</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/DARPA/Uf9sarhT">DARPA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">24 July 2022<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:134" href="#fn:134"><sup>134</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Red-Eye 1 was carried in CRS-17, and deployed into orbit from the ISS on 27 June 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:135" href="#fn:135"><sup>135</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="5">5 May06:00<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:136" href="#fn:136"><sup>136</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Electron_(rocket)/wmMhl3aA">Electron</a></td><td>"That's a Funny Looking Cactus"</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/New_Zealand/4mpSlJdg"></a> <a href="/facts/Mahia_LC-1A/2kD8ec3L">Mahia LC-1A</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Rocket_Lab/o5Wlgg6P">Rocket Lab</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Harbinger (<a href="/facts/ICEYE/BWenW9Nu">ICEYE X3</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/U.S._Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">U.S. Air Force</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Falcon ODE</td><td><a href="/facts/U.S._Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">U.S. Air Force</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> SPARC-1</td><td><a href="/facts/U.S._Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">U.S. Air Force</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">26 June 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:137" href="#fn:137"><sup>137</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">17 May15:48<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:138" href="#fn:138"><sup>138</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_3C/mFRsmux1">Long March 3C/E</a></td><td>3C-Y16<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:139" href="#fn:139"><sup>139</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center/LFCcfqxT">Xichang</a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Launch_Complex_2/LFCcfqxT">LC-2</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/BeiDou-2/eW9Ex0WP">BeiDou-2</a> <a href="/facts/List_of_BeiDou_satellites/d90YPxck">G8</a> (Beidou-45)</td><td><a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_navigation/lVgPlF5v">Navigation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">22 May00:00<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:140" href="#fn:140"><sup>140</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/PSLV/KantsJM7">PSLV</a>-CA</td><td>C46<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:141" href="#fn:141"><sup>141</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre/GkXD3tL3">Satish Dhawan</a> <a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre_First_Launch_Pad/GkXD3tL3">FLP</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/ISRO/CdAoFQTL">ISRO</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/RISAT/qvLaPLad">RISAT-2B</a></td><td><a href="/facts/ISRO/CdAoFQTL">ISRO</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a> (radar)</td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">22 May22:49<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:142" href="#fn:142"><sup>142</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_4C/NPxa0GpR">Long March 4C</a></td><td>4C-Y23<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:143" href="#fn:143"><sup>143</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Taiyuan_Satellite_Launch_Center/qgEeV9KG">Taiyuan</a> LC-9</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Yaogan/cAsq1JnM">Yaogan</a> 33</td><td><a href="/facts/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences/zzHb3yVm">CAS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Reconnaissance_satellite/LkL0IYHH">Reconnaissance</a></td><td rowspan="1">22 May</td><td rowspan="1">Launch failure</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">24 May02:30<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:144" href="#fn:144"><sup>144</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Falcon_9_Block_5/0QqsLwWb">Falcon 9 Block 5</a></td><td>F9-071</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/CCAFS/dwJ9MCPH">Cape Canaveral</a> <a href="/facts/SLC-40/z6Ql3cuD">SLC-40</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Starlink/99JTqw3z">Starlink</a> × 60</td><td><a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">First: 20 February 2020Last: 24 October 2022<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:145" href="#fn:145"><sup>145</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Starlink test mission, launching 60 Starlink v0.9 experimental satellites.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">27 May06:23<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:146" href="#fn:146"><sup>146</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-2.1b/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2.1b</a> / <a href="/facts/Fregat-M/Sv4Ub6GJ">Fregat-M</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome/QG25T5Ph">Plesetsk</a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_43/pxIUWICh">Site 43/4</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Strategic_Missile_Troops/HMEx2wvU">RVSN RF</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/GLONASS-M/zxFp5tkR">GLONASS-M</a> <a href="/facts/List_of_GLONASS_satellites/k04t5YTM">758</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Russian_Aerospace_Forces/a8hLyjWU">VKS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Medium_Earth_orbit/7Qmz5XxG">Medium Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_navigation/lVgPlF5v">Navigation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">30 May17:42<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:147" href="#fn:147"><sup>147</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Proton-M/F9I5QHR7">Proton-M</a> / <a href="/facts/Briz-M/nPncWv0Q">Briz-M</a> P4</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_200/NpCuRkDs">Site 200/39</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Yamal-601/UxjVgd2f">Yamal-601</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Gazprom_Space_Systems/VN7AEJw6">Gazprom Space Systems</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"><table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/2018_in_spaceflight/TEVVV0By">←</a> Jan</li><li>Feb</li><li>Mar</li><li>Apr</li><li>May</li><li>Jun</li><li>Jul</li><li>Aug</li><li>Sep</li><li>Oct</li><li>Nov</li><li>Dec <a href="/facts/2020_in_spaceflight/BEL9CByf">→</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h3>June</h3></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="10">5 June04:06<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:148" href="#fn:148"><sup>148</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_11/kLqKep10">Long March 11</a>H</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Yellow_Sea/0T615mgC">Yellow Sea</a> Launch Platform<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:149" href="#fn:149"><sup>149</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="9"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Bufeng-1A</td><td><a href="/facts/China_Academy_of_Space_Technology/m6a1tVXG">CAST</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Bufeng-1B</td><td><a href="/facts/China_Academy_of_Space_Technology/m6a1tVXG">CAST</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Jilin-1/b3Uf14EG">Jilin-1 Gaofen-03A</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Chang_Guang_Satellite_Technology/QLxGxGkC">Chang Guang Satellite Technology</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Tianxiang-1A</td><td><a href="/facts/China_Electronics_Technology_Group/xPFRdvVr">CETC</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Tianxiang-1B</td><td><a href="/facts/China_Electronics_Technology_Group/xPFRdvVr">CETC</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Tianqi-3 (Tao Xingzhi)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:150" href="#fn:150"><sup>150</sup></a></td><td>Guodian Gaoke</td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Xiaoxiang 1-04</td><td>Tianyi Research Institute</td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">China's first sea launch in the Yellow Sea off <a href="/facts/Shandong/7IyuMEdW">Shandong</a>.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">12 June14:17<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:151" href="#fn:151"><sup>151</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Falcon_9_Block_5/0QqsLwWb">Falcon 9 Block 5</a></td><td>F9-072</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base/CHNed3F4">Vandenberg</a> <a href="/facts/SLC-4E/JVoP1fwD">SLC-4E</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a> <a href="/facts/RADARSAT_Constellation/ReWkkT9n">RADARSAT Constellation</a> × 3<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:152" href="#fn:152"><sup>152</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:153" href="#fn:153"><sup>153</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Canadian_Space_Agency/zL2njRvS">Canadian Space Agency</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">20 June21:43<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:154" href="#fn:154"><sup>154</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Ariane_5/H78wlLG4">Ariane 5</a> ECA</td><td><a href="/facts/Ariane_flight_VA248/DRyXXna2">VA248</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Guiana_Space_Centre/hp6TSJ6W">Kourou</a> <a href="/facts/ELA-3/KpwR3FYw">ELA-3</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Arianespace/qxMUItMm">Arianespace</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Eutelsat_7C/XEv7LccL">Eutelsat 7C</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:155" href="#fn:155"><sup>155</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Eutelsat/XEv7LccL">Eutelsat</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> AT&T T-16</td><td><a href="/facts/DirecTV/6YdG5f7H">DirecTV</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_television/UxytxnPW">Satellite television</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">24 June18:09<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:156" href="#fn:156"><sup>156</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_3B/7HAsDyeL">Long March 3B</a>/E</td><td>3B-Y60<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:157" href="#fn:157"><sup>157</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center/LFCcfqxT">Xichang</a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Launch_Complex_3/LFCcfqxT">LC-3</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/BeiDou/eW9Ex0WP">BeiDou</a>-3 <a href="/facts/List_of_BeiDou_satellites/d90YPxck">I2Q</a> (Beidou-46)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:158" href="#fn:158"><sup>158</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Inclined_geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">IGSO</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_navigation/lVgPlF5v">Navigation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="21">25 June06:30<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:159" href="#fn:159"><sup>159</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Falcon_Heavy/vh7so7BW">Falcon Heavy</a></td><td>FH-003</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Kennedy_Space_Center/zmwszuPr">Kennedy</a> <a href="/facts/LC-39A/pnH83f5s">LC-39A</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="20"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Space_Test_Program/2El3p9sv">STP-2</a></td><td><a href="/facts/U.S._Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">U.S. Air Force</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a>, <a href="/facts/Medium_Earth_orbit/7Qmz5XxG">Medium Earth</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:160" href="#fn:160"><sup>160</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Demonstration_and_Science_Experiments/wamzwGwD">DSX</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Air_Force_Research_Laboratory/QGBMMKKa">AFRL</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Medium_Earth_orbit/7Qmz5XxG">Medium Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Successful<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:161" href="#fn:161"><sup>161</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Taiwan/VcJoUD8w"></a> <a href="/facts/COSMIC-2/0MCdtm2R">COSMIC-2</a> × 6</td><td><a href="/facts/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration/IvcuqNJg">NOAA</a> / <a href="/facts/National_Space_Organization/o8QswQdV">NSPO</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Atmospheric_science/HKjTA3F4">Atmospheric</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Green_Propellant_Infusion_Mission/FB4mhjSR">GPIM</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">14 October 2020<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:162" href="#fn:162"><sup>162</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> NPSAT1</td><td><a href="/facts/United_States_Naval_Research_Laboratory/brXxYx34">NRL</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Atmospheric_science/HKjTA3F4">Atmospheric</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Oculus-ASR</td><td><a href="/facts/Michigan_Technological_University/xtGKYofo">Michigan Technological University</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">23 February 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:163" href="#fn:163"><sup>163</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> OTB</td><td><a href="/facts/General_Atomics/u8jAsX9y">General Atomics Electromagnetic Systems</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Prox-1</td><td><a href="/facts/Georgia_Institute_of_Technology/HKtrUSao">Georgia Institute of Technology</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> ARMADILLO</td><td><a href="/facts/University_of_Texas_at_Austin/6NApstxT">UT Austin</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">23 August 2022<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:164" href="#fn:164"><sup>164</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/BRICSat-2/DD3jkHd2">BRICSat-2</a></td><td><a href="/facts/United_States_Naval_Academy/zKBGBBUC">United States Naval Academy</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a> / <a href="/facts/Amateur_radio_satellite/FQh7pzeM">Amateur radio</a></td><td rowspan="1">20 April 2022<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:165" href="#fn:165"><sup>165</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:166" href="#fn:166"><sup>166</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:167" href="#fn:167"><sup>167</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> E-TBEx A</td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Atmospheric_science/HKjTA3F4">Atmospheric</a></td><td rowspan="1">9 March 2021<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:168" href="#fn:168"><sup>168</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> E-TBEx B</td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Atmospheric_science/HKjTA3F4">Atmospheric</a></td><td rowspan="1">22 February 2021<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:169" href="#fn:169"><sup>169</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/FalconSAT/UhII8zYF">FalconSAT</a>-7</td><td><a href="/facts/United_States_Air_Force_Academy/LhmgXJ7b">USAFA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">2 July 2021<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:170" href="#fn:170"><sup>170</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Spacecraft failure<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:171" href="#fn:171"><sup>171</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> LEO</td><td><a href="/facts/California_Polytechnic_State_University/IKzerwNw">Cal Poly</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">28 October 2021<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:172" href="#fn:172"><sup>172</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/LightSail_2/KlHNqzE6">LightSail 2</a></td><td><a href="/facts/The_Planetary_Society/rAuRH7IK">The Planetary Society</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">17 November 2022<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:173" href="#fn:173"><sup>173</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> PSAT2</td><td><a href="/facts/United_States_Naval_Academy/zKBGBBUC">United States Naval Academy</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Amateur_radio_satellite/FQh7pzeM">Amateur radio</a></td><td rowspan="1">15 February 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:174" href="#fn:174"><sup>174</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/StangSat/sUJToucI">StangSat</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Merritt_Island_High_School/yP2g8ohj">Merritt Island High School</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> TEPCE × 2</td><td><a href="/facts/United_States_Naval_Research_Laboratory/brXxYx34">NRL</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">1 February 2020<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:175" href="#fn:175"><sup>175</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">STP-2 carries multiple cubesats and other small payloads for <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a>, <a href="/facts/NOAA/IvcuqNJg">NOAA</a>, <a href="/facts/The_Planetary_Society/rAuRH7IK">The Planetary Society</a> and others in addition to the primary mission which consists of multiple U.S. Air Force payloads.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="9">29 June04:30<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:176" href="#fn:176"><sup>176</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Electron_(rocket)/wmMhl3aA">Electron</a></td><td>"Make It Rain"</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/New_Zealand/4mpSlJdg"></a> <a href="/facts/Mahia_LC-1A/2kD8ec3L">Mahia LC-1A</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Rocket_Lab/o5Wlgg6P">Rocket Lab</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="8"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> BlackSky Global 3<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:177" href="#fn:177"><sup>177</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Spaceflight_Industries/9BpBbvty">BlackSky Global</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Australia/qLHpbppq"></a> ACRUX-1</td><td>Melbourne Space Program</td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td>Education</td><td rowspan="1">17 June 2022<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:178" href="#fn:178"><sup>178</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Mexico/IT5bwhdh"></a> Painani 1<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:179" href="#fn:179"><sup>179</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Secretariat_of_National_Defense_(Mexico)/D8YssT65">SEDENA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">14 January 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:180" href="#fn:180"><sup>180</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Prometheus 2-7</td><td><a href="/facts/USSOCOM/eEf4JyAv">USSOCOM</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">20 May 2022<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:181" href="#fn:181"><sup>181</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Prometheus 2-9</td><td><a href="/facts/USSOCOM/eEf4JyAv">USSOCOM</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">6 June 2022<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:182" href="#fn:182"><sup>182</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/SpaceBEE/2R7EDK3I">SpaceBEE</a> 8</td><td><a href="/facts/Swarm_Technologies/2R7EDK3I">Swarm Technologies</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">26 April 2021<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:183" href="#fn:183"><sup>183</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/SpaceBEE/2R7EDK3I">SpaceBEE</a> 9</td><td><a href="/facts/Swarm_Technologies/2R7EDK3I">Swarm Technologies</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">16 December 2021<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:184" href="#fn:184"><sup>184</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"><table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/2018_in_spaceflight/TEVVV0By">←</a> Jan</li><li>Feb</li><li>Mar</li><li>Apr</li><li>May</li><li>Jun</li><li>Jul</li><li>Aug</li><li>Sep</li><li>Oct</li><li>Nov</li><li>Dec <a href="/facts/2020_in_spaceflight/BEL9CByf">→</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h3>July</h3></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="25">5 July05:41<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:185" href="#fn:185"><sup>185</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-2.1b/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2.1b</a> / <a href="/facts/Fregat-M/Sv4Ub6GJ">Fregat-M</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Vostochny_Cosmodrome/jNmQKDzu">Vostochny</a> <a href="/facts/Vostochny_Cosmodrome_Site_1S/z7xFpNsa">Site 1S</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="24"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Meteor-M/YkA5oFWR">Meteor-M</a> №2-2</td><td><a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Weather_satellite/yl7QCK8n">Meteorology</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:186" href="#fn:186"><sup>186</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Exolaunch/dscBpwzt">CarboNIX</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Exolaunch/dscBpwzt">Exolaunch</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2"></a> DoT-1</td><td><a href="/facts/Surrey_Satellite_Technology/zW8Gbz1B">SSTL</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Finland/G5Ak6T91"></a> <a href="/facts/ICEYE/BWenW9Nu">ICEYE X4</a></td><td><a href="/facts/ICEYE/BWenW9Nu">ICEYE</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Finland/G5Ak6T91"></a> <a href="/facts/ICEYE/BWenW9Nu">ICEYE X5</a></td><td><a href="/facts/ICEYE/BWenW9Nu">ICEYE</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> AmurSat</td><td><a href="/facts/Amur_State_University/nRe2wQCk">Amur State University</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> BeeSat × 4 (10-13)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Berlin/Ao7c79ru">Technische Universität Berlin</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> BeeSat 9</td><td><a href="/facts/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Berlin/Ao7c79ru">Technische Universität Berlin</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> D-Star One EXOCONNECT</td><td>German Orbital Systems</td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation/XaFvkHl1">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:187" href="#fn:187"><sup>187</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> D-Star One LightSat</td><td>German Orbital Systems</td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation/XaFvkHl1">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> El Camino Real<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:188" href="#fn:188"><sup>188</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Momentus_Space/TSHIGzdX">Momentus Space</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Spacecraft failure<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:189" href="#fn:189"><sup>189</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Thailand/GCUnN4JK"></a> JAISAT 1</td><td><a href="/facts/Radio_Amateur_Society_of_Thailand/xRBJTFBq">RAST</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Amateur_radio_satellite/FQh7pzeM">Amateur radio</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Lemur-2/DQpgMngs">Lemur-2</a> × 8</td><td><a href="/facts/Spire_Global/DQpgMngs">Spire Global</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a><a href="/facts/SIGINT/Iwzvw6AW">SIGINT</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Czech_Republic/vJYLD66Q"></a> Lucky-7</td><td>SkyFox Labs</td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> MOVE-2b<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:190" href="#fn:190"><sup>190</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technical_University_of_Munich/14UXILEo">TUM</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:191" href="#fn:191"><sup>191</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> MTCube (ROBUSTA 1C)</td><td><a href="/facts/University_of_Montpellier/3S5tWSeW">University of Montpellier</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> NSLSat 1</td><td>NSLComm</td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Sweden/u3qC7lyj"></a> <a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> <a href="/facts/Denmark/KVtykzsw"></a> <a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF"></a> SEAM 2.0</td><td><a href="/facts/KTH_Royal_Institute_of_Technology/VM9jmsXQ">KTH</a> / AAC Clyde Space / <a href="/facts/GomSpace/UlN7QAUf">GomSpace</a> / Kayser Italia</td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> SONATE</td><td><a href="/facts/University_of_W%C3%BCrzburg/LeK2xKVW">University of Würzburg</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> Sokrat</td><td><a href="/facts/Moscow_State_University/xHPG4oau">Moscow State University</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Estonia/PVjB16TI"></a> TTÜ101</td><td><a href="/facts/Tallinn_University_of_Technology/1X1MnQGM">Tallinn University of Technology</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Ecuador/Tdv7czY4"></a> UTE-Ecuador</td><td>Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial</td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> VDNH-80</td><td><a href="/facts/Moscow_State_University/xHPG4oau">Moscow State University</a> / <a href="/facts/VDNKh_(Moscow)/Lmn5FjEk">VDNKh</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="6">10 July17:14<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:192" href="#fn:192"><sup>192</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:193" href="#fn:193"><sup>193</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:194" href="#fn:194"><sup>194</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-2-1v/QD04uy3S">Soyuz-2-1v</a> / <a href="/facts/Volga_(rocket_stage)/luoslCGD">Volga</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome/QG25T5Ph">Plesetsk</a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_43/pxIUWICh">Site 43/4</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/RVSN_RF/HMEx2wvU">RVSN RF</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2501%E2%80%932750)/vuqCvgU2">Kosmos 2535</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Russian_Aerospace_Forces/a8hLyjWU">VKS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td>Satellite inspection</td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:195" href="#fn:195"><sup>195</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2501%E2%80%932750)/vuqCvgU2">Kosmos 2536</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Russian_Aerospace_Forces/a8hLyjWU">VKS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td>Satellite inspection</td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2501%E2%80%932750)/vuqCvgU2">Kosmos 2537</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Russian_Aerospace_Forces/a8hLyjWU">VKS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td>Radar calibration</td><td rowspan="1">7 October 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:196" href="#fn:196"><sup>196</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2501%E2%80%932750)/vuqCvgU2">Kosmos 2538</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Russian_Aerospace_Forces/a8hLyjWU">VKS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td>Radar calibration</td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">11 July01:53:03<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:197" href="#fn:197"><sup>197</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF"></a> <a href="/facts/Vega_(rocket)/AuH9mJ32">Vega</a></td><td>VV15</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Guiana_Space_Centre/hp6TSJ6W">Kourou</a> <a href="/facts/ELA-1/pAcCbUz3">ELV</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Arianespace/qxMUItMm">Arianespace</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_Arab_Emirates/o1bEjgbR"></a> Falcon Eye 1 (fr)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:198" href="#fn:198"><sup>198</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/UAE_Armed_Forces/j9kQoTBt">UAE Armed Forces</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/IMINT/pdNpFwgd">IMINT</a> (<a href="/facts/Reconnaissance_satellite/LkL0IYHH">Reconnaissance</a>)</td><td rowspan="1">11 July</td><td rowspan="1">Launch failure</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Possibly an ignition failure of the second stage.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:199" href="#fn:199"><sup>199</sup></a> Later investigation findings showed the failure mostly traced into a structural failure on the second stage's forward dome resulting from higher temperatures.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:200" href="#fn:200"><sup>200</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">13 July12:30:57<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:201" href="#fn:201"><sup>201</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Proton-M/F9I5QHR7">Proton-M</a> / <a href="/facts/DM-03/Xp8xLzGM">DM-03</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_81/vdwwQdaH">Site 81/24</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> <a href="/facts/Spektr-RG/tqNoLvdS">Spektr-RG</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:202" href="#fn:202"><sup>202</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Russian_Space_Research_Institute/vERX67sn">IKI RAN</a> <a href="/facts/Max_Planck_Institute/lVNb39aD">Max Planck Institute</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Lagrangian_point/XCAN4o3P">Sun–Earth</a> <a href="/facts/Lagrange_point/XCAN4o3P">L2</a>, <a href="/facts/Halo_orbit/NnTW9mnT">halo orbit</a></td><td><a href="/facts/X-ray_astronomy_satellite/vvBsw12n">X-ray astronomy</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:203" href="#fn:203"><sup>203</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Russian–German <a href="/facts/High-energy_astronomy/WuJkQtDt">high-energy astrophysics</a> space observatory. Launching to <a href="/facts/Lagrange_point/XCAN4o3P">L2</a>.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">20 July16:28:20<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:204" href="#fn:204"><sup>204</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-FG/IXLFSTfd">Soyuz-FG</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Gagarin%27s_Start/9oK8wcD4">Site 1/5</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz_MS-13/FXXPvHTn">Soyuz MS-13</a> / 59S</td><td><a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Expedition_60/q9A4wXaY">Expedition 60</a>/<a href="/facts/Expedition_61/sFdJzpj4">61</a></td><td rowspan="1">6 February 2020</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Crewed flight with three cosmonauts.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:205" href="#fn:205"><sup>205</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="6">22 July09:13<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:206" href="#fn:206"><sup>206</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle_Mark_III/BHqVWNrW">GSLV Mk III</a></td><td>M1</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre/GkXD3tL3">Satish Dhawan</a> <a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre_Second_Launch_Pad/GkXD3tL3">SLP</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/ISRO/CdAoFQTL">ISRO</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Chandrayaan-2/F8kvgznt">Chandrayaan-2</a></td><td><a href="/facts/ISRO/CdAoFQTL">ISRO</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Selenocentric_orbit/486BxvD6">Selenocentric</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Lunar_orbiter/18eyoNlA">Lunar orbiter</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Chandrayaan-2/F8kvgznt">Vikram</a></td><td><a href="/facts/ISRO/CdAoFQTL">ISRO</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Selenocentric_orbit/486BxvD6">Selenocentric</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Lunar_lander/M6UsNnXY">Lunar lander</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Landing Failure</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Chandrayaan-2/F8kvgznt">Pragyan</a></td><td><a href="/facts/ISRO/CdAoFQTL">ISRO</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Selenocentric_orbit/486BxvD6">Selenocentric</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Lunar_rover/PhwSy8DE">Lunar rover</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Landing Failure</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6"><a href="/facts/Chandrayaan-2/F8kvgznt">Chandrayaan-2</a> Mission.The lander crashed on the lunar surface and broke into pieces during powered descent. The Orbiter remains operational.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:207" href="#fn:207"><sup>207</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="5">25 July05:00<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:208" href="#fn:208"><sup>208</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Hyperbola-1/lyfjoyY9">Hyperbola-1</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center/cenXHpsK">Jiuquan</a> LS-95A</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/I-Space_(Chinese_company)/lyfjoyY9">i-Space</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4"></td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> CAS-7B<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:209" href="#fn:209"><sup>209</sup></a></td><td>CAMSAT</td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Amateur_radio_satellite/FQh7pzeM">Amateur radio</a></td><td rowspan="1">6 August<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:210" href="#fn:210"><sup>210</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Demonstration payload<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:211" href="#fn:211"><sup>211</sup></a></td><td>CAMSAT</td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td>Technology demonstration, <a href="/facts/Boilerplate_(spacecraft)/eJ4BBdAN">boilerplate</a></td><td rowspan="1">26 July<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:212" href="#fn:212"><sup>212</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Maiden flight of Hyperbola-1.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:213" href="#fn:213"><sup>213</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:214" href="#fn:214"><sup>214</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="7">25 July22:01:56<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:215" href="#fn:215"><sup>215</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Falcon_9_Block_5/0QqsLwWb">Falcon 9 Block 5</a></td><td>F9-073</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/CCAFS/dwJ9MCPH">Cape Canaveral</a> <a href="/facts/SLC-40/z6Ql3cuD">SLC-40</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="6"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/SpaceX_CRS-18/jRy0zU6o">SpaceX CRS-18</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/ISS_logistics/3D6pBpHD">ISS logistics</a></td><td rowspan="1">27 August</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> RFTSat</td><td><a href="/facts/Northwest_Nazarene_University/JsLybP59">Northwest Nazarene University</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Egypt/8Ttg0JwB"></a> NARSSCube-2</td><td><a href="/facts/National_Authority_for_Remote_Sensing_and_Space_Sciences/boTNv3rv">NARSS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> ORCA-1</td><td><a href="/facts/DARPA/Uf9sarhT">DARPA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">RFTSat, NARSSCube-2, and ORCA are carried in CRS-18 to ISS.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:216" href="#fn:216"><sup>216</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:217" href="#fn:217"><sup>217</sup></a> They were placed in SlingShot Deployer on <a href="/facts/Cygnus_NG-11/ENVysndq">Cygnus NG-11</a> hatch bulkhead.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:218" href="#fn:218"><sup>218</sup></a> They were deployed into orbit by SlingShot Deployer on 7 August 2019 after the departure of Cygnus NG-11 from the ISS. The upper stage has introduced a Grey Band on this mission.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="6">26 July03:57<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:219" href="#fn:219"><sup>219</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_2C/VBSyRIx6">Long March 2C</a></td><td>2C-Y37<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:220" href="#fn:220"><sup>220</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center/LFCcfqxT">Xichang</a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Launch_Complex_3/LFCcfqxT">LC-3</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:221" href="#fn:221"><sup>221</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Yaogan/cAsq1JnM">Yaogan</a> 30-05 01</td><td><a href="/facts/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences/zzHb3yVm">CAS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Reconnaissance_satellite/LkL0IYHH">Reconnaissance</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Yaogan/cAsq1JnM">Yaogan</a> 30-05 02</td><td><a href="/facts/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences/zzHb3yVm">CAS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Reconnaissance_satellite/LkL0IYHH">Reconnaissance</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Yaogan/cAsq1JnM">Yaogan</a> 30-05 03</td><td><a href="/facts/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences/zzHb3yVm">CAS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Reconnaissance_satellite/LkL0IYHH">Reconnaissance</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6"><a href="/facts/Grid_fin/CesBMrj0">Grid fins</a> located on the interstage of the rocket are being used to test first stage landing zone control and recovery technologies.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:222" href="#fn:222"><sup>222</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:223" href="#fn:223"><sup>223</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">30 July05:56<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:224" href="#fn:224"><sup>224</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-2.1a/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2.1a</a> / <a href="/facts/Fregat-M/Sv4Ub6GJ">Fregat-M</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome/QG25T5Ph">Plesetsk</a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_43/pxIUWICh">Site 43/4</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Strategic_Missile_Troops/HMEx2wvU">RVSN RF</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Meridian_(satellite)/6aqjX9N6">Meridian 8</a> (18L)</td><td><a href="/facts/Russian_Aerospace_Forces/a8hLyjWU">VKS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Molniya_orbit/uGEqtoSw">Molniya</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a> (military)</td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">31 July12:10:46<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:225" href="#fn:225"><sup>225</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-2.1a/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2.1a</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_31/R5tljuwK">Site 31/6</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Progress_MS-12/u8bYgqQH">Progress MS-12</a> / 73P</td><td><a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/ISS_logistics/3D6pBpHD">ISS logistics</a></td><td rowspan="1">29 November</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"><table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/2018_in_spaceflight/TEVVV0By">←</a> Jan</li><li>Feb</li><li>Mar</li><li>Apr</li><li>May</li><li>Jun</li><li>Jul</li><li>Aug</li><li>Sep</li><li>Oct</li><li>Nov</li><li>Dec <a href="/facts/2020_in_spaceflight/BEL9CByf">→</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h3>August</h3></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">5 August21:56<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:226" href="#fn:226"><sup>226</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Proton-M/F9I5QHR7">Proton-M</a> / <a href="/facts/Briz-M/nPncWv0Q">Briz-M</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_81/vdwwQdaH">Site 81/24</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/RVSN_RF/HMEx2wvU">RVSN RF</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Blagovest_(satellite)/wnvSjHl0">Blagovest</a>-14L</td><td><a href="/facts/Russian_Aerospace_Forces/a8hLyjWU">VKS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a> (military)</td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Fourth Blagovest satellite launch, completing the initial Blagovest satellite constellation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:227" href="#fn:227"><sup>227</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">6 August19:30<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:228" href="#fn:228"><sup>228</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Ariane_5/H78wlLG4">Ariane 5</a> ECA</td><td><a href="/facts/Ariane_flight_VA249/8KB8mocU">VA249</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Centre_Spatial_Guyanais/hp6TSJ6W">Kourou</a> <a href="/facts/ELA-3/KpwR3FYw">ELA-3</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Arianespace/qxMUItMm">Arianespace</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/EDRS/qaQ8hvvH">EDRS</a>-C<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:229" href="#fn:229"><sup>229</sup></a> / <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2"></a> HYLAS-3</td><td><a href="/facts/European_Space_Agency/L8YRNV0C">ESA</a> / <a href="/facts/Avanti_Communications/w4lxJz9F">Avanti</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Intelsat_39/uktuBLn9">Intelsat 39</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Intelsat/uktuBLn9">Intelsat</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">6 August23:23<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:230" href="#fn:230"><sup>230</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Falcon_9_Block_5/0QqsLwWb">Falcon 9 Block 5</a></td><td>F9-074</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/CCAFS/dwJ9MCPH">Cape Canaveral</a> <a href="/facts/SLC-40/z6Ql3cuD">SLC-40</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> AMOS 17<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:231" href="#fn:231"><sup>231</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:232" href="#fn:232"><sup>232</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Spacecom/kwqq4JSl">Spacecom</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">The launch was free of charge for Spacecom as compensation for <a href="/facts/AMOS-6/Hshx5WvK">AMOS-6</a>'s destruction on 1 September 2016. The booster, <a href="/facts/Falcon_9_booster_B1047/uIA83cHY">B1047</a>, was expended.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">8 August10:13<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:233" href="#fn:233"><sup>233</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Atlas_V/5SNgegyt">Atlas V</a> 551</td><td>AV-084</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/CCAFS/dwJ9MCPH">Cape Canaveral</a> <a href="/facts/SLC-41/QBUVHdSb">SLC-41</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/United_Launch_Alliance/yWev1ndb">ULA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/USA-292/66rdVTlN">USA-292</a> (<a href="/facts/AEHF/HYjDFpIw">AEHF</a>-5) <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:234" href="#fn:234"><sup>234</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/U.S._Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">U.S. Air Force</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a> (military)</td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> TDO-1<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:235" href="#fn:235"><sup>235</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/U.S._Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">U.S. Air Force</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Highly_elliptical_orbit/93YbggYy">Highly elliptical</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Space_debris/X7YSKlXl">Space debris tracking</a></td><td rowspan="1">30 December 2022<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:236" href="#fn:236"><sup>236</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="6">17 August04:11<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:237" href="#fn:237"><sup>237</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Jielong_1/yvb95h1V">Jielong 1</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center/cenXHpsK">Jiuquan</a> LS-95A</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/China_Academy_of_Launch_Vehicle_Technology/Fk9qsPBf">CALT</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Tianqi-2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:238" href="#fn:238"><sup>238</sup></a></td><td>Guodian Gaoke</td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Qian Sheng-1 01 (QS1-01)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:239" href="#fn:239"><sup>239</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:240" href="#fn:240"><sup>240</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:241" href="#fn:241"><sup>241</sup></a></td><td>Qian Sheng Exploration</td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td>Earth observation, <a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Xingshidai-5<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:242" href="#fn:242"><sup>242</sup></a></td><td>ADASpace<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:243" href="#fn:243"><sup>243</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Remote sensing</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Maiden flight of Jielong 1 (also known as Smart Dragon 1). First launch for the Qian Sheng satellite constellation.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">19 August12:03<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:244" href="#fn:244"><sup>244</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_3B/7HAsDyeL">Long March 3B</a>/E</td><td>3B-Y58<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:245" href="#fn:245"><sup>245</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center/LFCcfqxT">Xichang</a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Launch_Complex_2/LFCcfqxT">LC-2</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Chinasat/s2B9V1lI">Chinasat</a> 18<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:246" href="#fn:246"><sup>246</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/China_Satellite_Communications/4dTsFAox">China Satcom</a></td><td>Intended: <a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a>Actual: <a href="/facts/Geostationary_transfer_orbit/1WwL0SPz">GTO</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Spacecraft failure</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Spacecraft apparently failed to deploy solar panels after stage separation. It remains inoperable in <a href="/facts/Geostationary_transfer_orbit/1WwL0SPz">geostationary transfer orbit</a> (GTO).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:247" href="#fn:247"><sup>247</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:248" href="#fn:248"><sup>248</sup></a> The satellite has been declared as total loss by the Chinese government.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="5">19 August12:12<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:249" href="#fn:249"><sup>249</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Electron_(rocket)/wmMhl3aA">Electron</a></td><td>"Look Ma, No Hands"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:250" href="#fn:250"><sup>250</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/New_Zealand/4mpSlJdg"></a> <a href="/facts/Mahia_LC-1A/2kD8ec3L">Mahia LC-1A</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Rocket_Lab/o5Wlgg6P">Rocket Lab</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> BlackSky Global 4</td><td><a href="/facts/Spaceflight_Industries/9BpBbvty">BlackSky Global</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> BRO 1<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:251" href="#fn:251"><sup>251</sup></a></td><td>UnseenLabs</td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/ELINT/Iwzvw6AW">ELINT</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Pearl White × 2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:252" href="#fn:252"><sup>252</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Air_Force_Space_Command/BByYh3t4">Air Force Space Command</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">22 August03:38:31<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:253" href="#fn:253"><sup>253</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-2.1a/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2.1a</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_31/R5tljuwK">Site 31/6</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz_MS-14/ostVSunX">Soyuz MS-14</a> / 60S</td><td><a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Test_flight/uyrUsN4M">Test flight</a> / <a href="/facts/ISS_logistics/3D6pBpHD">ISS logistics</a></td><td rowspan="1">6 September21:32<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:254" href="#fn:254"><sup>254</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Uncrewed flight to certify <a href="/facts/Soyuz-2.1a/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2.1a</a> for crew transport missions<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:255" href="#fn:255"><sup>255</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:256" href="#fn:256"><sup>256</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:257" href="#fn:257"><sup>257</sup></a> with <a href="/facts/FEDOR_(robot)/f9GAKHIR">FEDOR (Skybot F-850)</a> robot on board. First docking attempt on 24 August was aborted due to an issue on ISS, second attempt on 27 August was successful. Delivered <a href="/facts/JEM-EUSO/K0y5geol">Mini-EUSO</a> telescope to ISS.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">22 August13:06<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:258" href="#fn:258"><sup>258</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Delta_IV/QWun0yHh">Delta IV</a> M+ (4,2)U</td><td>D-384</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/CCAFS/dwJ9MCPH">Cape Canaveral</a> <a href="/facts/SLC-37B/bGEN3MjW">SLC-37B</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/United_Launch_Alliance/yWev1ndb">ULA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/GPS_Block_IIIA/rGsRMFr5">GPS IIIA</a>-<a href="/facts/List_of_GPS_satellites/WWqL3oFj">02</a> <i>Magellan</i></td><td><a href="/facts/U.S._Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">U.S. Air Force</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Medium_Earth_Orbit/7Qmz5XxG">Medium Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Navigation_satellite/lVgPlF5v">Navigation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Last flight of the <a href="/facts/Delta_IV/QWun0yHh">Delta IV</a> "single stick" M+ series (<a href="/facts/Delta_IV_Heavy/hLQT6QQG">Delta IV Heavy</a> will continue flying). Named after Portuguese explorer <a href="/facts/Ferdinand_Magellan/DgNLv567">Ferdinand Magellan</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:259" href="#fn:259"><sup>259</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">29 August (ground test)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:260" href="#fn:260"><sup>260</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> <a href="/facts/Safir_(rocket)/jmDrfeug">Safir-1B</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:261" href="#fn:261"><sup>261</sup></a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> <a href="/facts/Semnan_Space_Center/bQ1ImTG4">Semnan</a> <a href="/facts/Semnan_Space_Center/bQ1ImTG4">LP-1</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> <a href="/facts/Iranian_Space_Agency/UEzFYESI">ISA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> <a href="/facts/Nahid_(satellite)/2GRz6Ubz">Nahid 1</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:262" href="#fn:262"><sup>262</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Iranian_Space_Research_Center/NFphxtP4">Iranian Space Research Center</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1"><a href="/facts/N/A/hRcpf8rK">N/A</a></td><td rowspan="1">Rocket destroyed prior to launch<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:263" href="#fn:263"><sup>263</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Rocket apparently exploded on the launch pad.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:264" href="#fn:264"><sup>264</sup></a> According to the Iranian <a href="/facts/Ministry_of_Information_and_Communications_Technology_of_Iran/Sy4W1Mvu">Ministry of ICT</a>, the Nahid 1 satellite had yet to be delivered to the launch site.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:265" href="#fn:265"><sup>265</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">30 August14:00<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:266" href="#fn:266"><sup>266</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Rokot/xXx9Gzg7">Rokot</a> / <a href="/facts/Briz-KM/nPncWv0Q">Briz-KM</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome/QG25T5Ph">Plesetsk</a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_133/RTxF86WV">Site 133/3</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Strategic_Missile_Troops/HMEx2wvU">RVSN RF</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Geo-IK-2/LvNBSNg7">Geo-IK-2</a> No.3 (Musson-2)</td><td><a href="/facts/Russian_Aerospace_Forces/a8hLyjWU">VKS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_geodesy/r9AAcApl">Geodesy</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">30 August23:41<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:267" href="#fn:267"><sup>267</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Kuaizhou/F73q5vRf">Kuaizhou</a> 1A</td><td>Y10<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:268" href="#fn:268"><sup>268</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center/cenXHpsK">Jiuquan</a> LS-95A</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/ExPace/RKzgmEIW">ExPace</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Taiji_Program_in_Space/vxBhz8QL">Taiji</a>-1 (KX-09)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:269" href="#fn:269"><sup>269</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:270" href="#fn:270"><sup>270</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences/zzHb3yVm">CAS</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Micro-g_environment/3bwWnSlj">Microgravity science</a><a href="/facts/Gravitational-wave_astronomy/eJGxCvdl">Gravitational-wave astronomy</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Xiaoxiang 1-07<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:271" href="#fn:271"><sup>271</sup></a></td><td>Tianyi Research Institute</td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"><table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/2018_in_spaceflight/TEVVV0By">←</a> Jan</li><li>Feb</li><li>Mar</li><li>Apr</li><li>May</li><li>Jun</li><li>Jul</li><li>Aug</li><li>Sep</li><li>Oct</li><li>Nov</li><li>Dec <a href="/facts/2020_in_spaceflight/BEL9CByf">→</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h3>September</h3></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="5">12 September03:26<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:272" href="#fn:272"><sup>272</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_4B/CY23M8Ra">Long March 4B</a></td><td>4B-Y39<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:273" href="#fn:273"><sup>273</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Taiyuan_Satellite_Launch_Center/qgEeV9KG">Taiyuan</a> LC-9</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Ziyuan_(satellite)/V9MIVq4v">Ziyuan</a> I-02D</td><td><a href="/facts/People%27s_Liberation_Army/nr4YlS9J">PLA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a> (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Ice Pathfinder (BNU-1)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:274" href="#fn:274"><sup>274</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Beijing_Normal_University/AvkJBqWS">Beijing Normal University</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a> (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Taurus 1 (Jinniuzuo-1)</td><td>Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology</td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a> (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">19 September06:42<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:275" href="#fn:275"><sup>275</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_11/kLqKep10">Long March 11</a></td><td>Y8<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:276" href="#fn:276"><sup>276</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center/cenXHpsK">Jiuquan</a> LS-95A</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Zhuhai-1 OHS 3A–3D<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:277" href="#fn:277"><sup>277</sup></a></td><td>Zhuhai Orbita Control Engineering</td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Zhuhai-1 OVS 3A<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:278" href="#fn:278"><sup>278</sup></a></td><td>Zhuhai Orbita Control Engineering</td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">22 September21:10<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:279" href="#fn:279"><sup>279</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_3B/7HAsDyeL">Long March 3B</a> / <a href="/facts/Yuanzheng-1/pyk19Vgn">YZ-1</a></td><td>3B-Y65<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:280" href="#fn:280"><sup>280</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center/LFCcfqxT">Xichang</a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Launch_Complex_2/LFCcfqxT">LC-2</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/BeiDou/eW9Ex0WP">BeiDou</a>-3 <a href="/facts/List_of_BeiDou_satellites/d90YPxck">M23</a> (Beidou-47)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:281" href="#fn:281"><sup>281</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Medium_Earth_orbit/7Qmz5XxG">Medium Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_navigation/lVgPlF5v">Navigation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/BeiDou/eW9Ex0WP">BeiDou</a>-3 <a href="/facts/List_of_BeiDou_satellites/d90YPxck">M24</a> (Beidou-48)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:282" href="#fn:282"><sup>282</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Medium_Earth_orbit/7Qmz5XxG">Medium Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_navigation/lVgPlF5v">Navigation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="7">24 September16:05<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:283" href="#fn:283"><sup>283</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/H-IIB/k5CMQBXm">H-IIB</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Tanegashima_Space_Center/PKLppwl8">Tanegashima</a> <a href="/facts/Yoshinobu_Launch_Complex/KsybTnBt">LA-Y2</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Mitsubishi_Heavy_Industries/8sEQU1Yn">MHI</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="6"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Kounotori_8/z1D52yG7">HTV-8</a></td><td><a href="/facts/JAXA/ofUpflgf">JAXA</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/ISS_logistics/3D6pBpHD">ISS logistics</a></td><td rowspan="1">3 November02:09<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:284" href="#fn:284"><sup>284</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Egypt/8Ttg0JwB"></a> NARSSCube-1</td><td><a href="/facts/National_Authority_for_Remote_Sensing_and_Space_Sciences/boTNv3rv">NARSS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">20 December 2021<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:285" href="#fn:285"><sup>285</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/AQT-D/h5c9z7ou">AQT-D</a></td><td><a href="/facts/University_of_Tokyo/Td0xnQDF">University of Tokyo</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">20 April 2022<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:286" href="#fn:286"><sup>286</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Rwanda/UKR5UdKy"></a> RWASAT-1</td><td>Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority</td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">27 April 2022<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:287" href="#fn:287"><sup>287</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">The first launch attempt on 10 September, 21:33 UTC, was postponed due to a fire on the launch pad. NARSSCube-1, <a href="/facts/AQT-D/h5c9z7ou">AQT-D</a>, and RWASAT-1 were carried to ISS inside <a href="/facts/HTV-8/z1D52yG7">HTV-8</a> for later deployment into orbit from the ISS. RWASAT-1 was Rwanda's first satellite.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:288" href="#fn:288"><sup>288</sup></a> The satellites were deployed into orbit from the ISS on 20 November 2019.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">25 September00:54<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:289" href="#fn:289"><sup>289</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_2D/popxUWJ3">Long March 2D</a></td><td>2D-Y43<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:290" href="#fn:290"><sup>290</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center/cenXHpsK">Jiuquan</a> <a href="/facts/Jiuquan_Launch_Area_4/wIqIbEWl">SLS-2</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Yunhai-1 02</td><td><a href="/facts/Shanghai_Academy_of_Spaceflight_Technology/Yy50rKEL">SAST</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Meteorology/xblFr28q">Meteorology</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Spacecraft damaged; operational status uncertain</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Struck by a piece of <a href="/facts/Space_debris/X7YSKlXl">space debris</a> on 18 March 2021, eighteen months after launch. 37 associated pieces of debris have being tracked from the collision. The source of the debris was a piece of the <a href="/facts/Zenit-2/DWGa0bN9">Zenit-2</a> rocket that launched <a href="/facts/Tselina-2/4BvLb2yT">Tselina-2</a> in 1996. The satellite appears to have survived the encounter, though its operational status remains uncertain.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:291" href="#fn:291"><sup>291</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">25 September13:57:43<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:292" href="#fn:292"><sup>292</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-FG/IXLFSTfd">Soyuz-FG</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Gagarin%27s_Start/9oK8wcD4">Site 1/5</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz_MS-15/IMsgJlWx">Soyuz MS-15</a> / 61S</td><td><a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Expedition_61/sFdJzpj4">Expedition 61</a>/<a href="/facts/Expedition_62/Ef4b2oE5">62</a></td><td rowspan="1">17 April 202005:16</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Crewed flight with three cosmonauts. Last flight of <a href="/facts/Soyuz-FG/IXLFSTfd">Soyuz-FG</a> and last launch from <a href="/facts/Gagarin%27s_Start/9oK8wcD4">Baikonur Site 1 ("Gagarin's Start")</a>; replaced by <a href="/facts/Soyuz-2.1a/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2.1a</a> launching from <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_31/R5tljuwK">Site 31</a> for crewed missions starting with <a href="/facts/Soyuz_MS-16/Xf8v5d5I">Soyuz MS-16</a> in April 2020.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">26 September07:46<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:293" href="#fn:293"><sup>293</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-2.1b/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2.1b</a> / <a href="/facts/Fregat-M/Sv4Ub6GJ">Fregat-M</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome/QG25T5Ph">Plesetsk</a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_43/pxIUWICh">Site 43/4</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Strategic_Missile_Troops/HMEx2wvU">RVSN RF</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/EKS_(satellite_system)/yAcPGHx2">EKS-3</a> (Tundra 13L)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:294" href="#fn:294"><sup>294</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Russian_Aerospace_Forces/a8hLyjWU">VKS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Molniya_orbit/uGEqtoSw">Molniya</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Missile_defense/p12UNXRz">Early warning</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"><table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/2018_in_spaceflight/TEVVV0By">←</a> Jan</li><li>Feb</li><li>Mar</li><li>Apr</li><li>May</li><li>Jun</li><li>Jul</li><li>Aug</li><li>Sep</li><li>Oct</li><li>Nov</li><li>Dec <a href="/facts/2020_in_spaceflight/BEL9CByf">→</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h3>October</h3></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">4 October18:51<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:295" href="#fn:295"><sup>295</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_4C/NPxa0GpR">Long March 4C</a></td><td>4C-Y33</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Taiyuan_Satellite_Launch_Center/qgEeV9KG">Taiyuan</a> LC-9</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Gaofen_10R/YYaDygcL">Gaofen 10R</a></td><td><a href="/facts/China_Academy_of_Space_Technology/m6a1tVXG">CAST</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Replacement for the Gaofen 10 satellite lost on 31 August 2016.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="5">9 October10:17<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:296" href="#fn:296"><sup>296</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Proton-M/F9I5QHR7">Proton-M</a> / <a href="/facts/Briz-M/nPncWv0Q">Briz-M</a> P4</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_200/NpCuRkDs">Site 200/39</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/International_Launch_Services/8bocEJ1I">ILS</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Eutelsat_5_West_B/wCP2WD1t">Eutelsat 5 West B</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Eutelsat/XEv7LccL">Eutelsat</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Mission_Extension_Vehicle/5nM5QDyy">MEV-1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Northrop_Grumman/M6keKE1A">Northrop Grumman</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/On-orbit_satellite_servicing/k8mwdQhx">Satellite servicing</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">MEV-1 successfully rendezvoused with <a href="/facts/Intelsat_901/jWDgIgH9">Intelsat 901</a> on 25 February 2020.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:297" href="#fn:297"><sup>297</sup></a> MEV-1 will extend Intelsat 901's operational life by five years through <a href="/facts/Orbital_station-keeping/tNNee2Dm">in-orbit station-keeping</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:298" href="#fn:298"><sup>298</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">11 October02:00<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:299" href="#fn:299"><sup>299</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Pegasus_(rocket)/w8swDwhu">Pegasus-XL</a></td><td>F44</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <i><a href="/facts/Stargazer_(aircraft)/QaVDvvCx">Stargazer</a></i>, <a href="/facts/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station/dwJ9MCPH">CCAFS</a> <a href="/facts/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station/dwJ9MCPH">Skid Strip</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Northrop_Grumman/M6keKE1A">Northrop Grumman</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Ionospheric_Connection_Explorer/JPRmq2KE">ICON</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Ionosphere/mT9tTBE5">Ionospheric research</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">17 October01:22<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:300" href="#fn:300"><sup>300</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Electron_(rocket)/wmMhl3aA">Electron</a></td><td>"As The Crow Flies"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:301" href="#fn:301"><sup>301</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/New_Zealand/4mpSlJdg"></a> <a href="/facts/Mahia_LC-1A/2kD8ec3L">Mahia LC-1A</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Rocket_Lab/o5Wlgg6P">Rocket Lab</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Palisade<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:302" href="#fn:302"><sup>302</sup></a></td><td>Astro Digital</td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a> (<a href="/facts/Polar_orbit/JLUlIPlq">Polar</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">17 October15:21<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:303" href="#fn:303"><sup>303</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_3B/7HAsDyeL">Long March 3B</a>/E</td><td>3B-Y57</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center/LFCcfqxT">Xichang</a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Launch_Complex_3/LFCcfqxT">LC-3</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Tongxin_Jishu_Shiyan/HvTRIgPj">TJS-4</a></td><td><a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a><a href="/facts/SIGINT/Iwzvw6AW">SIGINT</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"><table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/2018_in_spaceflight/TEVVV0By">←</a> Jan</li><li>Feb</li><li>Mar</li><li>Apr</li><li>May</li><li>Jun</li><li>Jul</li><li>Aug</li><li>Sep</li><li>Oct</li><li>Nov</li><li>Dec <a href="/facts/2020_in_spaceflight/BEL9CByf">→</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h3>November</h3></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="15">2 November13:59:47<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:304" href="#fn:304"><sup>304</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Antares_230%2B/bjaHqCmA">Antares 230+</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Mid-Atlantic_Regional_Spaceport/NerIMmk0">MARS</a> <a href="/facts/Mid-Atlantic_Regional_Spaceport_Launch_Pad_0/tdB0Io71">LP-0A</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Northrop_Grumman_Innovation_Systems/zwkJhWEe">Northrop Grumman</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="14"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Cygnus_NG-12/eoPsbUF1">Cygnus NG-12</a>S.S. <i>Alan Bean</i></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/ISS_logistics/3D6pBpHD">ISS logistics</a></td><td rowspan="1">17 March 202023:00</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/STPSat/2El3p9sv">STPSat</a> 4<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:305" href="#fn:305"><sup>305</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/USAF/7MxWBYlc">USAF</a> <a href="/facts/Space_Test_Program/2El3p9sv">STP</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">4 October 2022<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:306" href="#fn:306"><sup>306</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> AeroCube 14 (IMPACT) × 2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:307" href="#fn:307"><sup>307</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/National_Reconnaissance_Office/Rnh04L8L">NRO</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">14A: 4 February 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:308" href="#fn:308"><sup>308</sup></a>14B: 8 February 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:309" href="#fn:309"><sup>309</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> AeroCube 15 (Rogue) × 2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:310" href="#fn:310"><sup>310</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/U.S._Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">U.S. Air Force</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">15A: 7 February 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:311" href="#fn:311"><sup>311</sup></a>15B: 10 February 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:312" href="#fn:312"><sup>312</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Argus-02</td><td><a href="/facts/Saint_Louis_University/GJwW0jLu">Saint Louis University</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">6 May 2022<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:313" href="#fn:313"><sup>313</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/HyperAngular_Rainbow_Polarimeter/aIouQY3n">HARP</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:314" href="#fn:314"><sup>314</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park/Wmc5R1kM">UM</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a> <a href="/facts/Atmospheric_sciences/HKjTA3F4">Atmospheric research</a></td><td rowspan="1">4 April 2022<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:315" href="#fn:315"><sup>315</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/HuskySat-1/UbX7CKc4">HuskySat-1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/University_of_Washington/36PG6qkG">University of Washington</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">12 Apr 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:316" href="#fn:316"><sup>316</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Orbital Factory 2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:317" href="#fn:317"><sup>317</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/University_of_Texas/6NApstxT">University of Texas</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">20 March 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:318" href="#fn:318"><sup>318</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Phoenix</td><td><a href="/facts/Arizona_State_University/e4lLNfmP">Arizona State University</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">12 June 2022</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> RadSat-u</td><td><a href="/facts/Montana_State_University/2c8pVBCj">Montana State University</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">30 April 2022<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:319" href="#fn:319"><sup>319</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> SOCRATES</td><td><a href="/facts/University_of_Minnesota/vN1uQvP5">University of Minnesota</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">2022</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> SwampSat II</td><td><a href="/facts/University_of_Florida/zGg0HXXs">University of Florida</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">19 October 2021<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:320" href="#fn:320"><sup>320</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">First <a href="/facts/Commercial_Resupply_Services_2/TahzTN1Y">CRS-2</a> mission for <a href="/facts/Cygnus_(spacecraft)/8jFp6gs7">Cygnus</a>. The <a href="/facts/Educational_Launch_of_Nanosatellites/XHoXDHez">ELaNa</a> 25A mission launched on this resupply flight.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:321" href="#fn:321"><sup>321</sup></a> STPSat-4 was deployed into orbit from ISS on 29 January 2020.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:322" href="#fn:322"><sup>322</sup></a> AeroCube 14 × 2, AeroCube 15 × 2, HuskySat-1, SwampSat-II, and Orbital Factory 2 were deployed into orbit from Cygnus NG-12 after it departed from the ISS.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:323" href="#fn:323"><sup>323</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:324" href="#fn:324"><sup>324</sup></a> RadSat-U, Phoenix, SOCRATES, HARP, and Argus-02 were deployed into orbit from the ISS on 19 February 2020.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:325" href="#fn:325"><sup>325</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="7">3 November03:22:39<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:326" href="#fn:326"><sup>326</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:327" href="#fn:327"><sup>327</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_4B/CY23M8Ra">Long March 4B</a></td><td>4B-Y38</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Taiyuan_Satellite_Launch_Center/qgEeV9KG">Taiyuan</a> LC-9</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="6"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Gaofen/YYaDygcL">Gaofen 7</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:328" href="#fn:328"><sup>328</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Ministry_of_Natural_Resources_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China/sdCzosUT">Ministry of Natural Resources</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Huangpu-1 (Jingzhi-1)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:329" href="#fn:329"><sup>329</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Shanghai_Academy_of_Spaceflight_Technology/Yy50rKEL">SAST</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Sudan/yGeaNdvS"></a> Sudan Remote Sensing Satellite 1 (SRSS-1)</td><td><a href="/facts/Sudan/yGeaNdvS">Sudan</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Xiaoxiang 1-08 / Tianyi 15 / Dianfeng</td><td>Tianyi Research Institute</td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">25 April 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:330" href="#fn:330"><sup>330</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Xiaoxiang 1-08 carries the first propulsion system in space using solid iodine as propellant (cold gas thruster) developed by a French start-up.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:331" href="#fn:331"><sup>331</sup></a> Test of grid fins towards development of reusable boosters for <a href="/facts/Long_March_8/KDwuRJSs">Long March 8</a>. SRSS-1, Sudan's first satellite developed and built by Chinese satellite manufacturer, Shenzhen Aerospace Oriental Red Sea Satellite Co., was launched as a rideshare on this mission.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:332" href="#fn:332"><sup>332</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:333" href="#fn:333"><sup>333</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">4 November17:43<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:334" href="#fn:334"><sup>334</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_3B/7HAsDyeL">Long March 3B</a>/E</td><td>3B-Y61<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:335" href="#fn:335"><sup>335</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center/LFCcfqxT">Xichang</a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Launch_Complex_2/LFCcfqxT">LC-2</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/BeiDou/eW9Ex0WP">BeiDou</a>-3 <a href="/facts/List_of_BeiDou_satellites/d90YPxck">I3Q</a></td><td><a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Inclined_geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">IGSO</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_navigation/lVgPlF5v">Navigation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">11 November14:56<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:336" href="#fn:336"><sup>336</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Falcon_9_Block_5/0QqsLwWb">Falcon 9 Block 5</a></td><td>Starlink V1.0-L1</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/CCAFS/dwJ9MCPH">Cape Canaveral</a> <a href="/facts/SLC-40/z6Ql3cuD">SLC-40</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Starlink_(satellite_constellation)/99JTqw3z">Starlink</a> × 60</td><td><a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">First operational Starlink mission, launching the first 60 Starlink v1.0 satellites. The booster was flown for the 4th time. First launch of Starlink Group 1 Satellites.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">13 November03:40<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:337" href="#fn:337"><sup>337</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Kuaizhou/F73q5vRf">Kuaizhou</a> 1A</td><td>Y11</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center/cenXHpsK">Jiuquan</a> LS-95A</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/ExPace/RKzgmEIW">ExPace</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Jilin-1/b3Uf14EG">Jilin-1 Gaofen-02A</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:338" href="#fn:338"><sup>338</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Chang_Guang_Satellite_Technology/QLxGxGkC">Chang Guang Satellite Technology</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">13 November06:35<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:339" href="#fn:339"><sup>339</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:340" href="#fn:340"><sup>340</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_6/r6fJMHoo">Long March 6</a></td><td>Y4</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Taiyuan_Satellite_Launch_Center/qgEeV9KG">Taiyuan</a> LC-16</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Ningxia-1 (Zhongzi) × 5<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:341" href="#fn:341"><sup>341</sup></a></td><td>Ningxia Jingui Information Technology</td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="5">17 November10:00<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:342" href="#fn:342"><sup>342</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Kuaizhou/F73q5vRf">Kuaizhou</a> 1A</td><td>Y7<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:343" href="#fn:343"><sup>343</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center/cenXHpsK">Jiuquan</a> LS-95A</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/ExPace/RKzgmEIW">ExPace</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> KL-Alpha A<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:344" href="#fn:344"><sup>344</sup></a></td><td>KLEO Connect</td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> KL-Alpha B<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:345" href="#fn:345"><sup>345</sup></a></td><td>KLEO Connect</td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">The two satellites are part of an international cooperative commercial project between the Innovation Academy for Microsatellites of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and KLEO Connect.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:346" href="#fn:346"><sup>346</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:347" href="#fn:347"><sup>347</sup></a> KL-Alpha A and B are the first commercial satellites built by a Chinese satellite construction organization for a foreign company.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:348" href="#fn:348"><sup>348</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">23 November00:55<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:349" href="#fn:349"><sup>349</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_3B/7HAsDyeL">Long March 3B</a> / <a href="/facts/Yuanzheng-1/pyk19Vgn">YZ-1</a></td><td>3B-Y66<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:350" href="#fn:350"><sup>350</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center/LFCcfqxT">Xichang</a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Launch_Complex_3/LFCcfqxT">LC-3</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/BeiDou/eW9Ex0WP">BeiDou</a>-3 <a href="/facts/List_of_BeiDou_satellites/d90YPxck">M21</a></td><td><a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Medium_Earth_orbit/7Qmz5XxG">Medium Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_navigation/lVgPlF5v">Navigation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/BeiDou/eW9Ex0WP">BeiDou</a>-3 <a href="/facts/List_of_BeiDou_satellites/d90YPxck">M22</a></td><td><a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Medium_Earth_orbit/7Qmz5XxG">Medium Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_navigation/lVgPlF5v">Navigation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="5">25 November17:52<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:351" href="#fn:351"><sup>351</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-2-1v/QD04uy3S">Soyuz-2-1v</a> / <a href="/facts/Volga_(rocket_stage)/luoslCGD">Volga</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome/QG25T5Ph">Plesetsk</a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_43/pxIUWICh">Site 43/4</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/RVSN_RF/HMEx2wvU">RVSN RF</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2501%E2%80%932750)/vuqCvgU2">Kosmos 2542</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia)/ANg3AG5c">Ministry of Defence</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td>Satellite inspection<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:352" href="#fn:352"><sup>352</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">24 October 202310:07<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:353" href="#fn:353"><sup>353</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(2501%E2%80%932750)/vuqCvgU2">Kosmos 2543</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia)/ANg3AG5c">Ministry of Defence</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td>Satellite inspection<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:354" href="#fn:354"><sup>354</sup></a><a href="/facts/Anti-satellite_weapon/vd3acxFt">ASAT</a> test</td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Kosmos 2542, the main satellite, deployed a small inspector sub-satellite, Kosmos 2543, on 6 December.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:355" href="#fn:355"><sup>355</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:356" href="#fn:356"><sup>356</sup></a> Kosmos 2543 deployed an even smaller sub-satellite at a high velocity on 15 July 2020, an event that U.S. military officials characterized as a test of a space-based <a href="/facts/Anti-satellite_weapon/vd3acxFt">anti-satellite weapon</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:357" href="#fn:357"><sup>357</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">26 November21:23<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:358" href="#fn:358"><sup>358</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Ariane_5/H78wlLG4">Ariane 5</a> ECA</td><td><a href="/facts/Ariane_flight_VA250/8KB8mocU">VA250</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Guiana_Space_Centre/hp6TSJ6W">Kourou</a> <a href="/facts/ELA-3/KpwR3FYw">ELA-3</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Arianespace/qxMUItMm">Arianespace</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2"></a> <a href="/facts/Inmarsat-5/G2XzF3r6">Inmarsat-5</a> F5 (GX5)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:359" href="#fn:359"><sup>359</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:360" href="#fn:360"><sup>360</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Inmarsat/G2XzF3r6">Inmarsat</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Egypt/8Ttg0JwB"></a> TIBA 1<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:361" href="#fn:361"><sup>361</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Egypt/8Ttg0JwB">Egypt</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="5">27 November03:58<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:362" href="#fn:362"><sup>362</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:363" href="#fn:363"><sup>363</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/PSLV-XL/KantsJM7">PSLV-XL</a></td><td>C47<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:364" href="#fn:364"><sup>364</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre/GkXD3tL3">Satish Dhawan</a> <a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre_Second_Launch_Pad/GkXD3tL3">SLP</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/ISRO/CdAoFQTL">ISRO</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Cartosat-3/A8ekzXQJ">Cartosat-3</a></td><td><a href="/facts/ISRO/CdAoFQTL">ISRO</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Flock_(satellite)/IF1z08vV">Flock-4p</a> × 12<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:365" href="#fn:365"><sup>365</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Planet_Labs/IF1z08vV">Planet Labs</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Meshbed<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:366" href="#fn:366"><sup>366</sup></a></td><td>Analytical Space Inc.</td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">2 May 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:367" href="#fn:367"><sup>367</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">27 November23:52<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:368" href="#fn:368"><sup>368</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:369" href="#fn:369"><sup>369</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_4C/NPxa0GpR">Long March 4C</a></td><td>4C-Y24</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Taiyuan_Satellite_Launch_Center/qgEeV9KG">Taiyuan</a> LC-9</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Gaofen_12/YYaDygcL">Gaofen 12</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Rural_Affairs/aFq8eteu">Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"><table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/2018_in_spaceflight/TEVVV0By">←</a> Jan</li><li>Feb</li><li>Mar</li><li>Apr</li><li>May</li><li>Jun</li><li>Jul</li><li>Aug</li><li>Sep</li><li>Oct</li><li>Nov</li><li>Dec <a href="/facts/2020_in_spaceflight/BEL9CByf">→</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h3>December</h3></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="15">5 December17:29<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:370" href="#fn:370"><sup>370</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Falcon_9_Block_5/0QqsLwWb">Falcon 9 Block 5</a></td><td>F9-076</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/CCAFS/dwJ9MCPH">Cape Canaveral</a> <a href="/facts/SLC-40/z6Ql3cuD">SLC-40</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="14"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/SpaceX_CRS-19/fUBSXAj1">SpaceX CRS-19</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/ISS_logistics/3D6pBpHD">ISS logistics</a></td><td rowspan="1">7 January 2020</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Mexico/IT5bwhdh"></a> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> AzTechSat-1<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:371" href="#fn:371"><sup>371</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Universidad_Popular_Aut%C3%B3noma_del_Estado_de_Puebla/RJIBjMTf">UPAEP</a> / <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">10 December 2021</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> CIRiS<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:372" href="#fn:372"><sup>372</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Utah_State_University/qamWhgaC">USU</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">14 March 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:373" href="#fn:373"><sup>373</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> CryoCube 1<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:374" href="#fn:374"><sup>374</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">23 November 2021</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> EdgeCube<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:375" href="#fn:375"><sup>375</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Sonoma_State_University/8wxoX316">SSU</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">25 October 2022<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:376" href="#fn:376"><sup>376</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> MakerSat-1<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:377" href="#fn:377"><sup>377</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:378" href="#fn:378"><sup>378</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Northwest_Nazarene_University/JsLybP59">NNU</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">29 October 2022<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:379" href="#fn:379"><sup>379</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> MiniCarb (CNGB)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:380" href="#fn:380"><sup>380</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory/WuXIbIKz">LLNL</a> / <a href="/facts/Goddard_Space_Flight_Center/WfoEKknM">GSFC</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> ORCA-2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:381" href="#fn:381"><sup>381</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/DARPA/Uf9sarhT">DARPA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> ORCA-8<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:382" href="#fn:382"><sup>382</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/DARPA/Uf9sarhT">DARPA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">8 August 2022</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Belgium/YKuMXP5j"></a> QARMAN<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:383" href="#fn:383"><sup>383</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:384" href="#fn:384"><sup>384</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Von_Karman_Institute/mFh1DXnk">Von Karman Institute</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">6 February 2022</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> SORTIE<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:385" href="#fn:385"><sup>385</sup></a></td><td>ASTRA LLC</td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">18 September 2022<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:386" href="#fn:386"><sup>386</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> VPM<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:387" href="#fn:387"><sup>387</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Air_Force_Research_Laboratory/QGBMMKKa">AFRL</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Magnetosphere/BXzgPoPy">Magnetospheric research</a></td><td rowspan="1">29 September 2022<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:388" href="#fn:388"><sup>388</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:389" href="#fn:389"><sup>389</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">The <a href="/facts/Educational_Launch_of_Nanosatellites/XHoXDHez">ELaNa</a> 25B and 28 missions were launched on this resupply flight.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:390" href="#fn:390"><sup>390</sup></a> EdgeCube, CIRiS, MakerSat-1, VPM, ORCA-2, ORCA-8 and MiniCarb were deployed from Cygnus NG-12 after its departure from the ISS.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:391" href="#fn:391"><sup>391</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:392" href="#fn:392"><sup>392</sup></a> AzTechSat-1, CryoCube 1, SORTIE, and QARMAN were deployed from the ISS on 19 February 2020.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:393" href="#fn:393"><sup>393</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="10">6 December08:18<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:394" href="#fn:394"><sup>394</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Electron_(rocket)/wmMhl3aA">Electron</a></td><td>"Running Out Of Fingers"</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/New_Zealand/4mpSlJdg"></a> <a href="/facts/Mahia_LC-1A/2kD8ec3L">Mahia LC-1A</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Rocket_Lab/o5Wlgg6P">Rocket Lab</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="9"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> ALE-2</td><td><a href="/facts/Astro_Live_Experiences/pFwz1fAo">Astro Live Experiences</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td>Artificial <a href="/facts/Meteor_shower/ff47hYJA">meteor shower</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Spacecraft failure<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:395" href="#fn:395"><sup>395</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td> ▫ <a href="/facts/Hungary/YRedQLtI"></a> ATL 1</td><td><a href="/facts/Budapest_University_of_Technology_and_Economics/VnoF96E7">BME</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">11 October 2020<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:396" href="#fn:396"><sup>396</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td> ▫ <a href="/facts/Spain/bIyrB8EY"></a> FossaSat 1</td><td><a href="/facts/Fossa_Systems/tdlH4A4p">Fossa Systems</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">28 October 2020</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td> ▫ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> NOOR 1A (Unicorn 2B)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:397" href="#fn:397"><sup>397</sup></a></td><td>Stara Space</td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">29 December 2020<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:398" href="#fn:398"><sup>398</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td> ▫ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> NOOR 1B (Unicorn 2C)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:399" href="#fn:399"><sup>399</sup></a></td><td>Stara Space</td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">7 April 2020<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:400" href="#fn:400"><sup>400</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:401" href="#fn:401"><sup>401</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td> ▫ <a href="/facts/Hungary/YRedQLtI"></a> SMOG-P</td><td><a href="/facts/Budapest_University_of_Technology_and_Economics/VnoF96E7">BME University</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">28 September 2020<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:402" href="#fn:402"><sup>402</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td> ▫ <a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> TRSI Sat</td><td><a href="/facts/ACME_AtronOmatic/LXRTojLF">ACME AtronOmatic</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">9 October 2020<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:403" href="#fn:403"><sup>403</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Launched ALE-2 and six <a href="/facts/PocketQube/0CAX4oBU">PocketQubes</a> forming <i>Alba Cluster 2</i> for <a href="/facts/Alba_Orbital/3m0bWSKN">Alba Orbital</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:404" href="#fn:404"><sup>404</sup></a> Tested <a href="/facts/Reusable_launch_system/j0WC10op">reusability technologies</a> on the first stage following stage separation and reentry.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:405" href="#fn:405"><sup>405</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">6 December09:34:11<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:406" href="#fn:406"><sup>406</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-2.1a/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2.1a</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_31/R5tljuwK">Site 31/6</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Progress_MS-13/wNVSnKkj">Progress MS-13</a> / 74P<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:407" href="#fn:407"><sup>407</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/ISS_logistics/3D6pBpHD">ISS logistics</a></td><td rowspan="1">8 July 2020</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">7 December02:55<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:408" href="#fn:408"><sup>408</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Kuaizhou/F73q5vRf">Kuaizhou</a> 1A</td><td>Y2</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Taiyuan_Satellite_Launch_Center/qgEeV9KG">Taiyuan</a> <a href="/facts/Missile_vehicle/VMjALVdn">Mobile Launch Platform</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/ExPace/RKzgmEIW">ExPace</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Jilin-1/b3Uf14EG">Jilin-1 Gaofen-02B</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Chang_Guang_Satellite_Technology/QLxGxGkC">Chang Guang Satellite Technology</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="8">7 December08:52<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:409" href="#fn:409"><sup>409</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Kuaizhou/F73q5vRf">Kuaizhou</a> 1A</td><td>Y12</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Taiyuan_Satellite_Launch_Center/qgEeV9KG">Taiyuan</a> LC-16</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/ExPace/RKzgmEIW">ExPace</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="7"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> HEAD-2A<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:410" href="#fn:410"><sup>410</sup></a></td><td>HEAD Aerospace</td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Automatic_identification_system/9yyPSH9p">AIS ship tracking</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> HEAD-2B<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:411" href="#fn:411"><sup>411</sup></a></td><td>HEAD Aerospace</td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Automatic_identification_system/9yyPSH9p">AIS ship tracking</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Tianqi-4A<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:412" href="#fn:412"><sup>412</sup></a></td><td>Guodian Gaoke</td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Internet_of_things/rwwGAxn3">IoT</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Tianqi-4B<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:413" href="#fn:413"><sup>413</sup></a></td><td>Guodian Gaoke</td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Internet_of_things/rwwGAxn3">IoT</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Tianyi 16</td><td>Spacety Aerospace</td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Tianyi 17</td><td>Spacety Aerospace</td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">11 December08:54:48<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:414" href="#fn:414"><sup>414</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-2.1b/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2.1b</a> / <a href="/facts/Fregat-M/Sv4Ub6GJ">Fregat-M</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome/QG25T5Ph">Plesetsk</a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_43/pxIUWICh">Site 43/3</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Strategic_Missile_Troops/HMEx2wvU">RVSN RF</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/GLONASS-M/zxFp5tkR">GLONASS-M</a> <a href="/facts/List_of_GLONASS_satellites/k04t5YTM">759</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Russian_Aerospace_Forces/a8hLyjWU">VKS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Medium_Earth_orbit/7Qmz5XxG">Medium Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_navigation/lVgPlF5v">Navigation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="10">11 December09:55<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:415" href="#fn:415"><sup>415</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:416" href="#fn:416"><sup>416</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/PSLV-QL/KantsJM7">PSLV-QL</a></td><td>C48</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre/GkXD3tL3">Satish Dhawan</a> <a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre_First_Launch_Pad/GkXD3tL3">FLP</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/ISRO/CdAoFQTL">ISRO</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="9"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/RISAT-2BR1/rtTzB9Tf">RISAT-2BR1</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:417" href="#fn:417"><sup>417</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/ISRO/CdAoFQTL">ISRO</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a><a href="/facts/Reconnaissance_satellite/LkL0IYHH">Reconnaissance</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> Izanagi (QPS-SAR 1)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:418" href="#fn:418"><sup>418</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/IQPS/X5TsdoJy">iQPS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> 1HOPSAT TD<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:419" href="#fn:419"><sup>419</sup></a></td><td>Hera Systems</td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> Duchifat-3<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:420" href="#fn:420"><sup>420</sup></a></td><td>Herzliya Science Center</td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a>Education</td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Lemur-2/DQpgMngs">Lemur-2</a> × 4</td><td><a href="/facts/Spire_Global/DQpgMngs">Spire Global</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> NANOVA / COMMTRAIL (<a href="/facts/Tyvak_Nano-Satellite_Systems/2LF1urCT">Tyvak</a> 92)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:421" href="#fn:421"><sup>421</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:422" href="#fn:422"><sup>422</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Elbit_Systems/JQpvbPIf">Elbit Systems</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Search_and_rescue/pdLTUPgl">Search and rescue</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Pathfinder_Technology_Demonstrator/Ef9e8dp8">Pathfinder Risk Reduction</a> (<a href="/facts/Tyvak_Nano-Satellite_Systems/2LF1urCT">Tyvak</a> 129)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:423" href="#fn:423"><sup>423</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Tyvak_Nano-Satellite_Systems/2LF1urCT">Tyvak</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">50th PSLV launch.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">16 December07:22<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:424" href="#fn:424"><sup>424</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_3B/7HAsDyeL">Long March 3B</a> / <a href="/facts/Yuanzheng-1/pyk19Vgn">YZ-1</a></td><td>3B-Y67</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center/LFCcfqxT">Xichang</a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Launch_Complex_3/LFCcfqxT">LC-3</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/BeiDou/eW9Ex0WP">BeiDou</a>-3 <a href="/facts/List_of_BeiDou_satellites/d90YPxck">M19</a></td><td><a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Medium_Earth_orbit/7Qmz5XxG">Medium Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_navigation/lVgPlF5v">Navigation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/BeiDou/eW9Ex0WP">BeiDou</a>-3 <a href="/facts/List_of_BeiDou_satellites/d90YPxck">M20</a></td><td><a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Medium_Earth_orbit/7Qmz5XxG">Medium Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_navigation/lVgPlF5v">Navigation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">17 December00:10<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:425" href="#fn:425"><sup>425</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Falcon_9_Block_5/0QqsLwWb">Falcon 9 Block 5</a></td><td>F9-077</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/CCAFS/dwJ9MCPH">Cape Canaveral</a> <a href="/facts/SLC-40/z6Ql3cuD">SLC-40</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Singapore/CQDkhUvD"></a> JCSAT-18 / <a href="/facts/Kacific_1/Nm4KIV8s">Kacific 1</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:426" href="#fn:426"><sup>426</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/SKY_Perfect_JSAT_Group/sG2o2f5B">JSAT</a> / <a href="/facts/Kacific_Broadband_Satellites/Nm4KIV8s">Kacific</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="7">18 December08:54:20<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:427" href="#fn:427"><sup>427</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz_ST-A/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz ST-A</a> / <a href="/facts/Fregat-M/Sv4Ub6GJ">Fregat-M</a></td><td>VS23</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Centre_Spatial_Guyanais/hp6TSJ6W">Kourou</a> <a href="/facts/Ensemble_de_Lancement_Soyouz/KfapNnLj">ELS</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Arianespace/qxMUItMm">Arianespace</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="6"></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/CHEOPS/tJ5JRNkx">CHEOPS</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:428" href="#fn:428"><sup>428</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/ESA/L8YRNV0C">ESA</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Space_telescope/BtI46sDX">Space telescope</a><a href="/facts/Exoplanetology/RpGsQceL">Exoplanetary science</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF"></a> <a href="/facts/COSMO-SkyMed/uF6t5rXm">COSMO-SkyMed</a> (CSG) 1</td><td><a href="/facts/Italian_Space_Agency/HNANQ521">ASI</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a> (radar)</td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> ANGELS<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:429" href="#fn:429"><sup>429</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/CNES/4eJbr1fQ">CNES</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> EyeSat<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:430" href="#fn:430"><sup>430</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/CNES/4eJbr1fQ">CNES</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Astronomy/0ArJVM1p">Astronomy</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/OPS-SAT/6QePnwSz">OPS-SAT</a></td><td><a href="/facts/ESA/L8YRNV0C">ESA</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="12">20 December03:22:29<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:431" href="#fn:431"><sup>431</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:432" href="#fn:432"><sup>432</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_4B/CY23M8Ra">Long March 4B</a></td><td>4B-Y44</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Taiyuan_Satellite_Launch_Center/qgEeV9KG">Taiyuan</a> LC-9</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="11"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL"></a> <a href="/facts/CBERS/j2C70tEI">CBERS</a> 4A / <a href="/facts/Ziyuan_(satellite)/V9MIVq4v">Ziyuan</a> I-04A<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:433" href="#fn:433"><sup>433</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a> / <a href="/facts/Instituto_Nacional_de_Pesquisas_Espaciais/tt694S4M">INPE</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Ethiopia/LVujNp5v"></a> <a href="/facts/ETRSS-1/dd40DV2s">ETRSS-1</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:434" href="#fn:434"><sup>434</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Ethiopian_Space_Science_and_Technology_Institute/WXJsjPGK">ESSTI</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Gemini-1 01 (Yuheng)</td><td><a href="/facts/National_University_of_Defense_Technology/zKVDyrYQ">NUDT</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Gemini-1 02 (Shuntian)</td><td><a href="/facts/National_University_of_Defense_Technology/zKVDyrYQ">NUDT</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/TianQin/6EmcJXkG">Tianqin 1</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:435" href="#fn:435"><sup>435</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Sun_Yat-sen_University/G9DKqhwp">Sun Yat-sen University</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Gravitational-wave_astronomy/eJGxCvdl">Gravitational-wave astronomy</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Tianyan-1/QILnhC71">Tianyan 01 / Yizheng-1</a></td><td>Jiangsu Satellite Technology Services</td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Weilai 1R / Future 1R<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:436" href="#fn:436"><sup>436</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/China_Central_Television/WPRppsUb">China Central Television</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL"></a> FloripaSat-1<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:437" href="#fn:437"><sup>437</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Federal_University_of_Santa_Catarina/Rvn8reb2">UFSC</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Tianyan-2/QILnhC71">Tianyan 02 / Xingshidai-8</a></td><td>ADASpace</td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">ETRSS-1 is the first <a href="/facts/Ethiopia/LVujNp5v">Ethiopian</a> satellite, which was developed in collaboration between Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute and China Academy of Space Technology, with $6 million pledged by China to provide grant and training covering the satellite's $8 million development cost.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:438" href="#fn:438"><sup>438</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">20 December11:36:43<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:439" href="#fn:439"><sup>439</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Atlas_V/5SNgegyt">Atlas V</a> N22</td><td>AV-080</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/CCAFS/dwJ9MCPH">Cape Canaveral</a> <a href="/facts/SLC-41/QBUVHdSb">SLC-41</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/United_Launch_Alliance/yWev1ndb">ULA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/CST-100_Starliner/VHmM9Yp7">Starliner</a> <a href="/facts/Boe-OFT/3YoYAAUW">Boe-OFT</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Boeing/tF5sMe9F">Boeing</a> / <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Flight_test/uyrUsN4M">Flight test</a> / <a href="/facts/ISS_logistics/3D6pBpHD">ISS logistics</a></td><td rowspan="1">22 December 201912:58</td><td rowspan="1">Spacecraft anomaly, recovered successfully</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Boeing Orbital Flight Test of <a href="/facts/CST-100_Starliner/VHmM9Yp7">CST-100 Starliner</a> as part of <a href="/facts/Commercial_Crew_Development/zzwrbnDF">Commercial Crew Development</a> program.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:440" href="#fn:440"><sup>440</sup></a> Approach to ISS aborted after achieving orbit due to error in Mission-Elapsed Timer on the spacecraft, resulting in an anomalous orbital injection.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:441" href="#fn:441"><sup>441</sup></a> Spacecraft landed at <a href="/facts/White_Sands_Missile_Range/JUsgxDjF">White Sands Missile Range</a> on 22 December 2019 after two days in space.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:442" href="#fn:442"><sup>442</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">24 December12:03<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:443" href="#fn:443"><sup>443</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Proton-M/F9I5QHR7">Proton-M</a> / <a href="/facts/DM-03/Xp8xLzGM">DM-03</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_81/vdwwQdaH">Site 81/24</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Elektro-L/IBdT6HbI">Elektro-L</a> No.3</td><td><a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Weather_satellite/yl7QCK8n">Meteorology</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="7">26 December23:11:57<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:444" href="#fn:444"><sup>444</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:445" href="#fn:445"><sup>445</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Rokot/xXx9Gzg7">Rokot</a> / <a href="/facts/Briz-KM/nPncWv0Q">Briz-KM</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome/QG25T5Ph">Plesetsk</a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_133/RTxF86WV">Site 133/3</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Strategic_Missile_Troops/HMEx2wvU">RVSN RF</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="6"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Gonets-M/S8qayXCV">Gonets-M</a> 14</td><td><a href="/facts/Gonets_Satellite_System/S8qayXCV">Gonets Satellite System</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Gonets-M/S8qayXCV">Gonets-M</a> 15</td><td><a href="/facts/Gonets_Satellite_System/S8qayXCV">Gonets Satellite System</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Gonets-M/S8qayXCV">Gonets-M</a> 16</td><td><a href="/facts/Gonets_Satellite_System/S8qayXCV">Gonets Satellite System</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/BLITS-M/syo9XKIp">BLITS-M</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_laser_ranging/y5GjpCNF">Laser ranging</a></td><td rowspan="1">10 April 2020<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:446" href="#fn:446"><sup>446</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Payload separation failure</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Final flight of Rokot. BLITS-M failed to separate from the upper stage.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:447" href="#fn:447"><sup>447</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">27 December12:45<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:448" href="#fn:448"><sup>448</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:449" href="#fn:449"><sup>449</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_5/rzP8BRBA">Long March 5</a></td><td>Y3<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:450" href="#fn:450"><sup>450</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Wenchang_Spacecraft_Launch_Site/1RJ6epFK">Wenchang</a> LC-1</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation/C1QT8Dvv">CASC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Shijian/3dxvaPcw">Shijian</a> 20</td><td><a href="/facts/China_Academy_of_Space_Technology/m6a1tVXG">CAST</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Long March 5 return-to-flight mission following the July 2017 launch failure.</td></tr></tbody></table> <table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/2018_in_spaceflight/TEVVV0By">←</a> Jan</li><li>Feb</li><li>Mar</li><li>Apr</li><li>May</li><li>Jun</li><li>Jul</li><li>Aug</li><li>Sep</li><li>Oct</li><li>Nov</li><li>Dec <a href="/facts/2020_in_spaceflight/BEL9CByf">→</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="suborbital-flights">Suborbital flights</h2> <table><tbody><tr><th rowspan="3" scope="col">Date and time (<a href="/facts/UTC/2EnjfSyu">UTC</a>)</th><th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/facts/Rocket/b6j4keIl">Rocket</a></th><th scope="col">Flight number</th><th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/facts/Launch_site/y2SJQ8Wr">Launch site</a></th><th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/facts/Launch_service_provider/zAIh2zt4">LSP</a></th></tr><tr><th rowspan="2"></th><th><a href="/facts/Payload/wb7m7LLV">Payload</a>(⚀ = <a href="/facts/CubeSat/jL2IpYKd">CubeSat</a>)</th><th>Operator</th><th><a href="/facts/Orbit/nD2TPySG">Orbit</a></th><th>Function</th><th><a href="/facts/Orbital_decay/c9rj3aK6">Decay</a> (UTC)</th><th>Outcome</th></tr><tr><th colspan="6">Remarks</th></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">4 January09:27</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a> Black Brant XIIA</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Norway/wlDRKRTR"></a> <a href="/facts/And%C3%B8ya_Rocket_Range/wsb0PrDq">Andøya</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> CAPER-2</td><td>Dartmouth College</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Auroral research</td><td rowspan="1">4 January</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 774 kilometres (481 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">13 January09:13</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Terrier_Malemute/NIwGk69D">Terrier-Improved Malemute</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Norway/wlDRKRTR"></a> <a href="/facts/And%C3%B8ya_Rocket_Range/wsb0PrDq">Andøya</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> G-CHASER</td><td><a href="/facts/University_of_Colorado/4Vq0nU5H">University of Colorado</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Student payloads</td><td rowspan="1">13 January</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 174 kilometres (108 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">22 January</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> <a href="/facts/Arrow_(Israeli_missile)/9txuxGnv">Silver Sparrow</a> ?</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> <a href="/facts/F-15_Eagle/8ublq0RC">F-15 Eagle</a>, <a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY">Israel</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> <a href="/facts/Israeli_Air_Force/bcm4GjTf">IAF</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>IAI/<a href="/facts/Israel_Defense_Forces/9hPaqcAM">IDF</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test target</td><td rowspan="1">22 January</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Arrow III target, successfully intercepted</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">22 January</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> <a href="/facts/Arrow_(Israeli_missile)/9txuxGnv">Arrow III</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> <a href="/facts/Negev/LFYIQtkY">Negev</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> IAF</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>IAI/<a href="/facts/Israel_Defense_Forces/9hPaqcAM">IDF</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Flight test</td><td rowspan="1">22 January</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Successful intercept, Apogee: ~200 kilometres (120 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">23 January15:05<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:451" href="#fn:451"><sup>451</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/New_Shepard/QpzbYepM">New Shepard</a></td><td>NS-10</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Corn_Ranch/Ept2vDCz">Corn Ranch</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Blue_Origin/CxFvEmDr">Blue Origin</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Crew Capsule 2.0</td><td><a href="/facts/Blue_Origin/CxFvEmDr">Blue Origin</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Test flight</td><td rowspan="1">23 January</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Tenth test flight of the New Shepard development program, fourth one with the current vehicle.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:452" href="#fn:452"><sup>452</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">6 February07:01</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Minuteman-III/sG0t20v1">Minuteman-III</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base/CHNed3F4">Vandenberg Air Force Base</a> LF-04</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/US_Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">US Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> FTU-1</td><td><a href="/facts/US_Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">US Air Force</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Test flight</td><td rowspan="1">6 February</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">6 February08:31</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/RS-24_Yars/pc7wI7uu">RS-24 Yars</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> Plesetsk</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Strategic_Missile_Troops/HMEx2wvU">RVSN</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Strategic_Missile_Troops/HMEx2wvU">RVSN</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">6 February</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">12 February</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Indian_Ballistic_Missile_Defence_Programme/xVjjX5SX">PDV-II</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> ITR IC-4</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> DRDO</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Anti-satellite_weapon/vd3acxFt">ASAT</a></td><td><a href="/facts/DRDO/HYTLS49D">DRDO</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Satellite intercept</td><td rowspan="1">12 February</td><td rowspan="1">Launch failure</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">First attempt of <a href="/facts/2019_Indian_anti-satellite_missile_test/1G2DKcA0">Mission Shakhti</a> (ASAT Test with Microsat-R as target)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:453" href="#fn:453"><sup>453</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">22 February16:54</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/SpaceShipTwo/IAAHm6Qx">SpaceShipTwo</a></td><td><a href="/facts/VSS_Unity_VF-01/Ne1nLqma">VF-01</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/White_Knight_Two/yLNJmmH8">White Knight Two</a>, from <a href="/facts/Mojave_Spaceport/BRUofdUg">Mojave Spaceport</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Virgin_Galactic/BrJavxml">Virgin Galactic</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/VSS_Unity/ooUekxsP">VSS Unity</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Virgin_Galactic/BrJavxml">Virgin Galactic</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Sub-orbital_spaceflight/NdLRlGIq">Suborbital</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Test_flight/uyrUsN4M">Test flight</a></td><td rowspan="1">22 February</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Second crewed sub-orbital high altitude flight of SpaceShipTwo with three crew members on board, pilot <a href="/facts/David_Mackay_(pilot)/LtV1SMS4">David Mackay</a>, co-pilot Mike Masucci and chief trainer <a href="/facts/Beth_Moses/CAAkYz4n">Beth Moses</a>, Apogee: 89.9 kilometres (55.9 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">2 March17:45</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/SARGE/QADcsFwN">SARGE</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Spaceport_America/sLWgIGvh">Spaceport America</a>, New Mexico</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Exos_Aerospace/QADcsFwN">Exos Aerospace</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td>SARGE M1</td><td><a href="/facts/Exos_Aerospace/QADcsFwN">Exos Aerospace</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Microgravity Research</td><td rowspan="1">2 March</td><td rowspan="1">Partial failure</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Second launch of the SARGE suborbital launch vehicle, it carried several small research payloads and was intended to reach a peak altitude of 80 kilometers, but winds kept the rocket from achieving its planned altitude, it reached only an apogee of 20 kilometres (12 mi)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:454" href="#fn:454"><sup>454</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">25 March17:20</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> ICBM-T2</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Ronald_Reagan_Ballistic_Missile_Defense_Test_Site/Jr6pdQyQ">Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Missile_Defense_Agency/WjXAD9m7">MDA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> FTG-11 target</td><td><a href="/facts/Missile_Defense_Agency/WjXAD9m7">MDA</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>ABM target</td><td rowspan="1">25 March</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Ballistic missile target for interception</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">25 March17:30</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Ground-Based_Interceptor/MH19SQpK">GBI-OBV</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base/CHNed3F4">Vandenberg Air Force Base</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Missile_Defense_Agency/WjXAD9m7">MDA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> FTG-11 Interceptor</td><td><a href="/facts/Missile_Defense_Agency/WjXAD9m7">MDA</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>ABM test</td><td rowspan="1">25 March</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Ballistic missile interceptor</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">25 March17:31</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Ground-Based_Interceptor/MH19SQpK">GBI-OBV</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base/CHNed3F4">Vandenberg Air Force Base</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Missile_Defense_Agency/WjXAD9m7">MDA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> FTG-11 Interceptor</td><td><a href="/facts/Missile_Defense_Agency/WjXAD9m7">MDA</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>ABM test</td><td rowspan="1">25 March</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Ballistic missile interceptor</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">27 March05:40</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Indian_Ballistic_Missile_Defence_Programme/xVjjX5SX">PDV-II</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> ITR IC-4</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> DRDO</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Anti-satellite_weapon/vd3acxFt">ASAT</a></td><td><a href="/facts/DRDO/HYTLS49D">DRDO</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Satellite intercept</td><td rowspan="1">27 March</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6"><a href="/facts/2019_Indian_anti-satellite_missile_test/1G2DKcA0">Mission Shakhti</a> (ASAT Test with Microsat-R as target), Apogee: 270 kilometres (170 mi), satellite successfully destroyed</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">5 April22:14</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a> Black Brant XIA</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Norway/wlDRKRTR"></a> <a href="/facts/And%C3%B8ya_Rocket_Range/wsb0PrDq">Andøya</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> NASA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> AZURE 1</td><td><a href="/facts/Clemson_University/xPSgG0v1">Clemson</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Auroral</td><td rowspan="1">5 April</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 320 kilometres (200 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">5 April22:16</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a> Black Brant XIA</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Norway/wlDRKRTR"></a> <a href="/facts/And%C3%B8ya_Rocket_Range/wsb0PrDq">Andøya</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> NASA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> AZURE 2</td><td><a href="/facts/Clemson_University/xPSgG0v1">Clemson</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Auroral</td><td rowspan="1">5 April</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 320 kilometres (200 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">11 April16:51</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a> Black Brant IX</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/White_Sands_Missile_Range/JUsgxDjF">White Sands Missile Range</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> NASA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a><a href="/facts/Spain/bIyrB8EY"></a><a href="/facts/Norway/wlDRKRTR"></a><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> CLASP-2</td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a> / <a href="/facts/National_Astronomical_Observatory_of_Japan/SwLo2NV2">NAOJ</a> / <a href="/facts/JAXA/ofUpflgf">JAXA</a> / <a href="/facts/Instituto_de_Astrof%C3%ADsica_de_Canarias/9mWBEdka">IAC</a> / IAS</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Solar astronomy</td><td rowspan="1">11 April</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 274 kilometres (170 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">21 April</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Traveler IV</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Spaceport America, New Mexico</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/University_of_Southern_California/N0v9R5gs">USC</a> Rocket Propulsion Lab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td>Flight test</td><td>–</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Flight test</td><td rowspan="1">21 April</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">First suborbital flight by a student team.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:455" href="#fn:455"><sup>455</sup></a> Apogee: 104 kilometres (65 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">22 April23:28<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:456" href="#fn:456"><sup>456</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Tianxing 1</td><td>Y1</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Space Transportation</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a></td><td>Space Transportation</td><td>Suborbital</td><td><a href="/facts/Flight_test/uyrUsN4M">Flight test</a></td><td rowspan="1">22 April</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Test flight of the Tianxing 1 suborbital spaceplane.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">23 April</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Terrier_Malemute/NIwGk69D">Terrier Malemute</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Pacific_Missile_Range_Facility/9aaPL4fR">Pacific Missile Range Facility</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/National_Nuclear_Security_Administration/s0xIr6ka">NNSA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> HOT SHOT 2</td><td><a href="/facts/National_Nuclear_Security_Administration/s0xIr6ka">NNSA</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Technology experiments</td><td rowspan="1">23 April</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: ~320 kilometres (200 mi)?</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">24 April</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Terrier_Malemute/NIwGk69D">Terrier Malemute</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Pacific_Missile_Range_Facility/9aaPL4fR">Pacific Missile Range Facility</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/National_Nuclear_Security_Administration/s0xIr6ka">NNSA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> HOT SHOT 3</td><td><a href="/facts/National_Nuclear_Security_Administration/s0xIr6ka">NNSA</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Technology experiments</td><td rowspan="1">24 April</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: ~320 kilometres (200 mi)?</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">1 May09:42</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Minuteman-III/sG0t20v1">Minuteman-III</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base/CHNed3F4">Vandenberg Air Force Base</a> LF-10</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/US_Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">US Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/US_Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">US Air Force</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Test flight</td><td rowspan="1">1 May</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">2 May<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:457" href="#fn:457"><sup>457</sup></a>13:35</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/New_Shepard/QpzbYepM">New Shepard</a></td><td>NS-11</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Corn_Ranch/Ept2vDCz">Corn Ranch</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Blue_Origin/CxFvEmDr">Blue Origin</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Crew Capsule 2.0</td><td><a href="/facts/Blue_Origin/CxFvEmDr">Blue Origin</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Test flight</td><td rowspan="1">2 May</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Took 38 research payloads into space</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">3 May20:45</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Momo_(rocket)/RCKMVPW2">Momo 3</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Taiki_Aerospace_Research_Field/x5d3Eunz">Taiki Aerospace Research Field</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Interstellar_Technologies/RCKMVPW2">Interstellar Technologies</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Kochi_University_of_Technology/pqE2b34f">Kochi University of Technology</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Infrasound propagation measurement</td><td rowspan="1">3 May</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 113 kilometres (70 mi)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:458" href="#fn:458"><sup>458</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">9 May07:40</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Minuteman-III/sG0t20v1">Minuteman-III</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base/CHNed3F4">Vandenberg Air Force Base</a> LF-09</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/US_Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">US Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/US_Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">US Air Force</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Test flight</td><td rowspan="1">9 May</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">9 May</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/UGM-133_Trident_II/1TkWo3KJ">UGM-133 Trident II</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/USS_Rhode_Island_(SSBN-740)/ojXxw23D">USS Rhode Island (SSBN-740)</a>, <a href="/facts/Eastern_Test_Range/FppmhMY8">ETR</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/US_Navy/xYK0fUou">US Navy</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/US_Navy/xYK0fUou">US Navy</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">9 May</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Demonstration and Shakedown Operation (DASO) 29</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">10 May</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/RIM-161_Standard_Missile_3/wG92btcA">SM-3-IB</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/USS_Roosevelt_(DDG-80)/dlAvhBQv">USS Roosevelt (DDG-80)</a>, Hebrides Range</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/US_Navy/xYK0fUou">US Navy</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/US_Navy/xYK0fUou">US Navy</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Test flight</td><td rowspan="1">10 May</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">FS-19 E4, apogee: ~150 kilometres (93 mi)?</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">23 May</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Pakistan/cbIsvJy1"></a> <a href="/facts/Shaheen-II/VRsCLkuc">Shaheen-II</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Pakistan/cbIsvJy1"></a> Sonmiani</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Pakistan/cbIsvJy1"></a> ASFC</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>ASFC</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">23 May</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">13 June02:21</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL"></a> <a href="/facts/VSB-30/RMIzFhs8">VSB-30</a>?</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Sweden/u3qC7lyj"></a> <a href="/facts/Esrange/SHd6XSeQ">Esrange</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a><a href="/facts/German_Aerospace_Center/nIeKtKqd">DLR</a> / <a href="/facts/Sweden/u3qC7lyj"></a><a href="/facts/Swedish_Space_Corporation/XS4Q2nId">SSC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> ATEK/MAPHEUS-8</td><td><a href="/facts/German_Aerospace_Center/nIeKtKqd">DLR</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">13 June</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 240 kilometres (150 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">19 June11:28</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a> <a href="/facts/Black_Brant_(rocket)/mxjN9D4v">Black Brant IX</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Marshall_Islands/rRV4U7oD"></a> <a href="/facts/Kwajalein_Atoll/3tJ4WG6T">Kwajalein Atoll</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> TooWINDY 1</td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td><a href="/facts/Ionosphere/mT9tTBE5">Ionosphere</a> research</td><td rowspan="1">19 June</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 373 kilometres (232 mi)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:459" href="#fn:459"><sup>459</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">19 June11:33</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a> <a href="/facts/Black_Brant_(rocket)/mxjN9D4v">Black Brant IX</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Marshall_Islands/rRV4U7oD"></a> <a href="/facts/Kwajalein_Atoll/3tJ4WG6T">Kwajalein Atoll</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> TooWINDY 2</td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td><a href="/facts/Ionosphere/mT9tTBE5">Ionosphere</a> research</td><td rowspan="1">19 June</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 412 kilometres (256 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">20 June09:38</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Terrier_Orion/QsJvWqEu">Terrier-Improved Orion</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Wallops_Flight_Facility/F6QvD712">Wallops Flight Facility</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> RockOn</td><td><a href="/facts/University_of_Colorado/4Vq0nU5H">University of Colorado</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Student payloads</td><td rowspan="1">20 June</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 117 kilometres (73 mi)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:460" href="#fn:460"><sup>460</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">24 June06:52</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL"></a> <a href="/facts/VSB-30/RMIzFhs8">VSB-30</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Sweden/u3qC7lyj"></a> Esrange</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Europe/DTAtrKfh"></a> EuroLaunch</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Sweden/u3qC7lyj"></a> <a href="/facts/Maser_(rocket)/hlhdCIGT">MASER-14</a></td><td>SSC</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Microgravity</td><td rowspan="1">24 June</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">apogee: 260 kilometres (160 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">29 June18:00</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/SARGE/QADcsFwN">SARGE</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Spaceport_America/sLWgIGvh">Spaceport America</a>, New Mexico</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Exos_Aerospace/QADcsFwN">Exos Aerospace</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td>SARGE M1</td><td><a href="/facts/Exos_Aerospace/QADcsFwN">Exos Aerospace</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Microgravity Research</td><td rowspan="1">29 June</td><td rowspan="1">Launch failure</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Third launch of the SARGE suborbital launch vehicle, it carried several small research payloads for nine clients. The flight failed seconds after launch. However, the rocket was recovered.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:461" href="#fn:461"><sup>461</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">2 July11:00<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:462" href="#fn:462"><sup>462</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Orion_Abort_Test_Booster/hYLKv3YK">Orion Abort Test Booster</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/CCAFS/dwJ9MCPH">Cape Canaveral</a> <a href="/facts/SLC-46/W68Ybkz4">SLC-46</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Orion_(spacecraft)/nh8VQRpD">Orion</a> Ascent Abort-2</td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Test flight</td><td rowspan="1">2 July</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">In-flight abort test under the highest aerodynamic loads. A specific booster repurposed from a <a href="/facts/LGM-118_Peacekeeper/HpETRcB9">LGM-118 Peacekeeper</a> missile was used in this mission.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:463" href="#fn:463"><sup>463</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:464" href="#fn:464"><sup>464</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">24 July</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a><a href="/facts/Shahab-3/7h8TbgQ2">Shahab-3</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a>Iran</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a>IRGC</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>IRGC</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">24 July</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: ~150 kilometres (93 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">26 July</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/RT-2PM_Topol/mxB1Qwsq">RS-12M Topol</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Kapustin_Yar/IpWRzUPs">Kapustin Yar</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Strategic_Missile_Troops/HMEx2wvU">RVSN</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Strategic_Missile_Troops/HMEx2wvU">RVSN</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">26 July</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">26 July ?</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> eMRBM ?</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/C-17_Globemaster_III/LurFFvap">C-17</a>, Pacific Ocean ?</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> MDA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a><a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> FTA-01</td><td>MDA</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Arrow III target</td><td rowspan="1">26 July ?</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi), the FTA-01 exercise saw three US Missile Defense Agency medium range targets of undisclosed type launched from an undisclosed location on undisclosed dates in July, all intercepted by Israeli Arrow 3 interceptors launched from Kodiak, Alaska.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:465" href="#fn:465"><sup>465</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">26 July ?</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> <a href="/facts/Arrow_(Israeli_missile)/9txuxGnv">Arrow III</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Kodiak_Launch_Complex/HNyk1k1K">Kodiak</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> <a href="/facts/Israeli_Air_Force/bcm4GjTf">IAF</a> / <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> MDA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a><a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> FTA-01</td><td>MDA/<a href="/facts/Israel_Defense_Forces/9hPaqcAM">IDF</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>ABM test</td><td rowspan="1">26 July ?</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Intercepted target missile, apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">26 July ?</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> eMRBM ?</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/C-17_Globemaster_III/LurFFvap">C-17</a>, Pacific Ocean ?</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> MDA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a><a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> FTA-01</td><td>MDA</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Arrow III target</td><td rowspan="1">26 July ?</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi), successful intercepted</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">26 July ?</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> <a href="/facts/Arrow_(Israeli_missile)/9txuxGnv">Arrow III</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Kodiak_Launch_Complex/HNyk1k1K">Kodiak</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> <a href="/facts/Israeli_Air_Force/bcm4GjTf">IAF</a> / <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> MDA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a><a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> FTA-01</td><td>MDA/<a href="/facts/Israel_Defense_Forces/9hPaqcAM">IDF</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>ABM test</td><td rowspan="1">26 July ?</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Intercepted target missile, apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">26 July ?</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> eMRBM ?</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/C-17_Globemaster_III/LurFFvap">C-17</a>, Pacific Ocean ?</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> MDA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a><a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> FTA-01</td><td>MDA</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Arrow III target</td><td rowspan="1">26 July ?</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi), successful intercepted</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">26 July ?</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> <a href="/facts/Arrow_(Israeli_missile)/9txuxGnv">Arrow III</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Kodiak_Launch_Complex/HNyk1k1K">Kodiak</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> <a href="/facts/Israeli_Air_Force/bcm4GjTf">IAF</a> / <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> MDA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a><a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> FTA-01</td><td>MDA/<a href="/facts/Israel_Defense_Forces/9hPaqcAM">IDF</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>ABM test</td><td rowspan="1">26 July ?</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Intercepted target missile, apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">27 July07:20</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Momo_(rocket)/RCKMVPW2">Momo 4</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Taiki_Aerospace_Research_Field/x5d3Eunz">Taiki Aerospace Research Field</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Interstellar_Technologies/RCKMVPW2">Interstellar Technologies</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Kochi_University_of_Technology/pqE2b34f">Kochi University of Technology</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Infrasound propagation measurement</td><td rowspan="1">27 July</td><td rowspan="1">Launch failure</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">The rocket suffered an early engine shutdown and only reached 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) altitude.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">11 August06:07</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a> <a href="/facts/Black_Brant_(rocket)/mxjN9D4v">Black Brant IX</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/White_Sands_Missile_Range/JUsgxDjF">White Sands Missile Range</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/SISTINE/CFLcSXWC">SISTINE</a></td><td><a href="/facts/University_of_Colorado/4Vq0nU5H">University of Colorado</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>UV Astronomy</td><td rowspan="1">11 August</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 259 km (161 mi).</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">12 August09:44</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Terrier_Malemute/NIwGk69D">Terrier-Improved Malemute</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Wallops_Flight_Facility/F6QvD712">Wallops Flight Facility</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> RockSat-X</td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Student experiments</td><td rowspan="1">12 August</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 154 kilometres (96 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">24 August</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/R-29RMU_Sineva/RphbKkuA">R-29RMU Sineva</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Russian_submarine_Tula_(K-114)/m9jXeTa5">K-114 <i>Tula</i></a>, near <a href="/facts/North_Pole/gjfItQJH">North Pole</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Russian_Navy/6LA3GgUY">VMF</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>VMF</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">24 August</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">24 August</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> RSM-56 Bulava</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Russian_submarine_Yury_Dolgorukiy_(K-535)/64YUEDxt">K-535 <i>Yury Dolgorukiy</i></a>, <a href="/facts/Barents_Sea/T3NSg7xU">Barents Sea</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> VMF</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>VMF</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">24 August</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">30 August</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> eMRBM ?</td><td>FTT-23</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/C-17_Globemaster_III/LurFFvap">C-17</a>, Pacific Ocean</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> MDA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a></td><td>MDA</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>ABM target</td><td rowspan="1">30 August</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi), successfully intercepted</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">30 August</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Terminal_High_Altitude_Area_Defense/K2qPwyoY">THAAD</a></td><td>FTT-23</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Ronald_Reagan_Ballistic_Missile_Defense_Test_Site/Jr6pdQyQ">Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> US Army</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a></td><td>US Army/MDA</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>ABM test</td><td rowspan="1">30 August</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Intercepted target missile, apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">4 September</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/UGM-133_Trident_II/1TkWo3KJ">UGM-133 Trident II</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/USS_Nebraska_(SSBN-739)/vxxtovfx">USS Nebraska (SSBN-739)</a>, <a href="/facts/Pacific_Missile_Range_Facility/9aaPL4fR">Pacific Missile Range Facility</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/US_Navy/xYK0fUou">US Navy</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/US_Navy/xYK0fUou">US Navy</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">4 September</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Commander Evaluation Test (CET)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">4 September</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/UGM-133_Trident_II/1TkWo3KJ">UGM-133 Trident II</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/USS_Nebraska_(SSBN-739)/vxxtovfx">USS Nebraska (SSBN-739)</a>, <a href="/facts/Pacific_Missile_Range_Facility/9aaPL4fR">Pacific Missile Range Facility</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/US_Navy/xYK0fUou">US Navy</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/US_Navy/xYK0fUou">US Navy</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">4 September</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Commander Evaluation Test (CET)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">6 September</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/UGM-133_Trident_II/1TkWo3KJ">UGM-133 Trident II</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/USS_Nebraska_(SSBN-739)/vxxtovfx">USS Nebraska (SSBN-739)</a>, <a href="/facts/Pacific_Missile_Range_Facility/9aaPL4fR">Pacific Missile Range Facility</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/US_Navy/xYK0fUou">US Navy</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/US_Navy/xYK0fUou">US Navy</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">6 September</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Commander Evaluation Test (CET)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">6 September</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/UGM-133_Trident_II/1TkWo3KJ">UGM-133 Trident II</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/USS_Nebraska_(SSBN-739)/vxxtovfx">USS Nebraska (SSBN-739)</a>, <a href="/facts/Pacific_Missile_Range_Facility/9aaPL4fR">Pacific Missile Range Facility</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/US_Navy/xYK0fUou">US Navy</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/US_Navy/xYK0fUou">US Navy</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">6 September</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Commander Evaluation Test (CET)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">18 September09:30 ?</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a> <a href="/facts/Black_Brant_(rocket)/mxjN9D4v">Black Brant IX</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Wallops_Flight_Facility/F6QvD712">Wallops Flight Facility</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a></td><td><a href="/facts/United_States_Department_of_Defense/dWAvf7e3">DoD</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">18 September</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">30 September18:04</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a> Black Brant IX</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/White_Sands_Missile_Range/JUsgxDjF">White Sands Missile Range</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> ESIS</td><td><a href="/facts/Montana_State_University/2c8pVBCj">Montana State University</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td><a href="/facts/Sun/CadPCVHh">Solar research</a></td><td rowspan="1">30 September</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 246 kilometres (153 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">30 September</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/RT-2PM_Topol/mxB1Qwsq">RS-12M Topol</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> Plesetsk</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> RVSN</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>RVSN</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">30 September</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">1 October<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:466" href="#fn:466"><sup>466</sup></a>10:00</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/North_Korea/Q41laakP"></a> <a href="/facts/Pukguksong-3/H8x6WrKT">Pukguksong-3</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/North_Korea/Q41laakP"></a> Yonghung Bay, <a href="/facts/Kangwon_Province,_North_Korea/7q6lCDnL">Kangwon Province</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/North_Korea/Q41laakP"></a> <a href="/facts/Korean_People%27s_Army/DFGFDtm7">Korean People's Army</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/North_Korea/Q41laakP"></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Korean_People%27s_Army/DFGFDtm7">Korean People's Army</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">1 October</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 910 kilometres (570 mi).</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">2 October08:13</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Minuteman-III/sG0t20v1">Minuteman-III</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base/CHNed3F4">Vandenberg Air Force Base</a> LF-10</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/US_Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">US Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/US_Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">US Air Force</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Test flight</td><td rowspan="1">2 October</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">7 October15:00</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a> Black Brant IX</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/White_Sands_Missile_Range/JUsgxDjF">White Sands Missile Range</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> DUST</td><td><a href="/facts/Goddard_Space_Flight_Center/WfoEKknM">GSFC</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Physics</td><td rowspan="1">7 October</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 338 kilometres (210 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">17 October<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:467" href="#fn:467"><sup>467</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Black Dagger</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Fort Wingate</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/United_States_Army_Space_and_Missile_Defense_Command/aQ1ybsJK">SMDC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a></td><td><a href="/facts/United_States_Army_Space_and_Missile_Defense_Command/aQ1ybsJK">SMDC</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">17 October</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">17 October</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/RS-24_Yars/pc7wI7uu">RS-24 Yars</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> Plesetsk</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Strategic_Missile_Troops/HMEx2wvU">RVSN</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Strategic_Missile_Troops/HMEx2wvU">RVSN</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">17 October</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">17 October</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/R-29RMU_Sineva/RphbKkuA">R-29RMU Sineva</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Russian_submarine_Karelia_(K-18)/SPU24U28">K-18 <i>Karelia</i></a>, <a href="/facts/Barents_Sea/T3NSg7xU">Barents Sea</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Russian_Navy/6LA3GgUY">VMF</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>VMF</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">17 October</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">17 October</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/R-29_(missile)/wczwEaPJ">R-29R Volna</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> K-44 Ryazan, <a href="/facts/Sea_of_Okhotsk/T4QL1000">Sea of Okhotsk</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> VMF</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>VMF</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">17 October</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">25 October00:00</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Terrier_Malemute/NIwGk69D">Terrier-Improved Malemute</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Wallops_Flight_Facility/F6QvD712">Wallops Flight Facility</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> SubTec-8</td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">25 October</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 209 kilometres (130 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">26 October17:42</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/SARGE/QADcsFwN">SARGE</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Spaceport_America/sLWgIGvh">Spaceport America</a>, New Mexico</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Exos_Aerospace/QADcsFwN">Exos Aerospace</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td>SARGE M1</td><td><a href="/facts/Exos_Aerospace/QADcsFwN">Exos Aerospace</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Microgravity Research</td><td rowspan="1">26 October</td><td rowspan="1">Launch failure</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Fourth launch of the SARGE suborbital launch vehicle, it carried several small research payloads. The rocket lost control of attitude seconds after launch. Several pieces of debris felt back to the ground, and the rocket body crashed near the launch pad nearly three and a half minutes after liftoff. The rocket reached a peak altitude of about 12.6 kilometres (7.8 mi), far short of the planned altitude of at least 80 kilometres (50 mi).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:468" href="#fn:468"><sup>468</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">28 October04:30</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a> Black Brant IX</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/White_Sands_Missile_Range/JUsgxDjF">White Sands Missile Range</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> NASA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> FORTIS-4</td><td><a href="/facts/Johns_Hopkins_University/56US0mHw">JHU</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>UV Astronomy</td><td rowspan="1">28 October</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 261 kilometres (162 mi). Payload: Experimental FORTIS (Far-ultraviolet Off Rowland-circle Telescope for Imaging and Spectroscopy) telescope and Next-Generation Microshutter Array (NGMSA). Studied the way gas is being ejected by supernovae from galaxy M33. The goal is to understand matter recycling between stellar generations of the galaxy. Experiment was successful.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:469" href="#fn:469"><sup>469</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">30 October14:57</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> RSM-56 Bulava</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Russian_submarine_Knyaz_Vladimir/4FcvXHRp">K-549 <i>Knyaz Vladimir</i></a>, <a href="/facts/White_Sea/gGCLtEtu">White Sea</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> VMF</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>VMF</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">30 October</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">4 November14:15</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Boeing_CST-100_Starliner/VHmM9Yp7">Starliner</a> launch abort engines</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/White_Sands_Missile_Range/JUsgxDjF">White Sands Missile Range</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Boeing/tF5sMe9F">Boeing</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Boeing_CST-100_Starliner/VHmM9Yp7">Starliner</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Boeing/tF5sMe9F">Boeing</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Emergency escape systems test; pad-abort test</td><td rowspan="1">4 November</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 1,349 meters (4,426 ft)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">15 November09:35</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL"></a> <a href="/facts/VSB-30/RMIzFhs8">VSB-30</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Sweden/u3qC7lyj"></a> <a href="/facts/Esrange/SHd6XSeQ">Esrange</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Europe/DTAtrKfh"></a> EuroLaunch</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> <a href="/facts/TEXUS/9dUpLw2h">TEXUS</a>-56</td><td><a href="/facts/German_Aerospace_Center/nIeKtKqd">DLR</a> / <a href="/facts/ESA/L8YRNV0C">ESA</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td><a href="/facts/Microgravity/3bwWnSlj">Microgravity</a></td><td rowspan="1">15 November</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 256 kilometres (159 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">16 November14:02</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Agni_II/0YdLgSro">Agni II</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Integrated_Test_Range/KuFjMocB">Integrated Test Range</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Indian_Army/4a3vrgyL">Indian Army</a> / <a href="/facts/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation/HYTLS49D">DRDO</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Indian Army/DRDO</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">16 November</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">22 November15:19</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/SpaceLoft_XL/FUXJFkRY">SpaceLoft XL</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Spaceport_America/sLWgIGvh">Spaceport America</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/UP_Aerospace/U2XsrqJQ">UP Aerospace</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> FOP-7, ADS-B experiment</td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Technology experiments</td><td rowspan="1">22 November</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Mission SL-14, Apogee: 92 kilometres (57 mi)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:470" href="#fn:470"><sup>470</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">26 November07:43</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Terrier_Malemute/NIwGk69D">Terrier-Improved Malemute</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Norway/wlDRKRTR"></a> <a href="/facts/Ny-%C3%85lesund/gAJcJAt5">Ny-Ålesund</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a><a href="/facts/Norway/wlDRKRTR"></a> ICI-5</td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a>/<a href="/facts/University_of_Oslo/uYPDcgpU">Oslo</a>/Andøya</td><td>Suborbital</td><td><a href="/facts/Ionosphere/mT9tTBE5">Ionosphere</a> research</td><td rowspan="1">26 November</td><td rowspan="1">Partial failure</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 253 kilometres (157 mi), the rocket experienced a roll rate anomaly, precluding the instruments from functioning as intended.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:471" href="#fn:471"><sup>471</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">28 November</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/RT-2PM_Topol/mxB1Qwsq">RS-12M Topol</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Kapustin_Yar/IpWRzUPs">Kapustin Yar</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Strategic_Missile_Troops/HMEx2wvU">RVSN</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Strategic_Missile_Troops/HMEx2wvU">RVSN</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">28 November</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">30 November13:50</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Agni-III/FYqkbbzM">Agni-III</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Integrated_Test_Range/KuFjMocB">ITR</a> IC-4</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Indian_Army/4a3vrgyL">Indian Army</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Indian Army</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">30 November</td><td rowspan="1">Launch failure<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:472" href="#fn:472"><sup>472</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">The maiden night trial of the Agni-III was conducted. The missile reportedly started diverging from its planned flight trajectory after traveling a distance of 115 kilometers. This caused the mission control to subsequently abort the flight. A manufacturing defect is thought to be the potential cause of the failure.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">10 December09:30</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a> Black Brant IX</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Norway/wlDRKRTR"></a> <a href="/facts/Ny-%C3%85lesund/gAJcJAt5">Ny-Ålesund</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> CHI</td><td><a href="/facts/Clemson_University/xPSgG0v1">Clemson</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td><a href="/facts/Ionosphere/mT9tTBE5">Ionosphere</a> research</td><td rowspan="1">10 December</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 360 kilometres (220 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="5">11 December17:53<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:473" href="#fn:473"><sup>473</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/New_Shepard/QpzbYepM">New Shepard</a></td><td>NS-12</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Corn_Ranch/Ept2vDCz">Corn Ranch</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Blue_Origin/CxFvEmDr">Blue Origin</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Crew Capsule 2.0</td><td><a href="/facts/Blue_Origin/CxFvEmDr">Blue Origin</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Test flight/Payload delivery</td><td rowspan="1">11 December</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_Arab_Emirates/o1bEjgbR"></a><a href="/facts/Australia/qLHpbppq"></a><a href="/facts/Austria/4qWIMIyc"></a><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a><a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a><a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2"></a><a href="/facts/Croatia/MSS0yyvw"></a><a href="/facts/Indonesia/vQnWU3IW"></a><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a><a href="/facts/Malaysia/8zbUMzCP"></a><a href="/facts/New_Zealand/4mpSlJdg"></a><a href="/facts/Philippines/ARpmxXQV"></a><a href="/facts/Romania/yolzk5cN"></a><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a><a href="/facts/Slovakia/gmJwpwM3"></a><a href="/facts/Sweden/u3qC7lyj"></a><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a><a href="/facts/Venezuela/eX1qnkln"></a><a href="/facts/South_Africa/vvXQpLgq"></a> Postcards</td><td>Club For The Future</td><td>Suborbital</td><td><a href="/facts/Education/WIwsQKF9">Education</a></td><td rowspan="1">11 December</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Peak altitude 104.5 kilometers. Took a number of research and educational payloads to space. Sixth flight for the propulsion module+capsule combination. Both the propulsion module and capsule landed successfully. A Croatian postcard was the first payload from Croatia to be sent into space.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">12 December16:30<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:474" href="#fn:474"><sup>474</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/IRBM/LoJL6GJt">IRBM</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base/CHNed3F4">Vandenberg Air Force Base</a> TP-01</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/US_Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">US Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/US_Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">US Air Force</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Test flight</td><td rowspan="1">12 December</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">23 December00:50<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:475" href="#fn:475"><sup>475</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Tianxing 1</td><td>Y2</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Space Transportation</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a></td><td>Space Transportation</td><td>Suborbital</td><td><a href="/facts/Flight_test/uyrUsN4M">Flight test</a></td><td rowspan="1">23 December</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Test flight of the Tianxing 1 suborbital spaceplane.</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="deep-space-rendezvous">Deep-space rendezvous</h2> <table><tbody><tr><th>Date (UTC)</th><th>Spacecraft</th><th>Event</th><th>Remarks</th></tr><tr><td>1 January</td><td><i><a href="/facts/New_Horizons/G5XTU5DK">New Horizons</a></i></td><td>Flyby of <a href="/facts/Kuiper_belt/IvLzYp5P">Kuiper belt</a> object <a href="/facts/486958_Arrokoth/7HQPCVNA">486958 Arrokoth</a></td><td>The observed planetesimal, consisting of two spheroid pieces, was initially nicknamed <i>Ultima Thule</i>.</td></tr><tr><td>3 January<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:476" href="#fn:476"><sup>476</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Chang%27e_4/cn1fgHWP">Chang'e 4</a></td><td>Landing at <a href="/facts/Von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_(lunar_crater)/4Px994Fp">Von Kármán crater</a></td><td>First landing on the <a href="/facts/Far_side_of_the_Moon/aUgDPTzj">far side of the Moon</a>, coordinates <a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=2019_in_spaceflight¶ms=45.457_S_177.589_E_globe:Moon">45°27′25″S 177°35′20″E / 45.457°S 177.589°E / -45.457; 177.589</a>.</td></tr><tr><td>12 February</td><td><a href="/facts/Juno_(spacecraft)/UzlYPApe"><i>Juno</i></a></td><td>18th <a href="/facts/Perijove/VaL6ow9w">perijove</a> of <a href="/facts/Jupiter/95m7XjMT">Jupiter</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>21 February</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Hayabusa2/ATAbjP6C">Hayabusa2</a></i></td><td>First sample collection from asteroid <a href="/facts/162173_Ryugu/I3RA3ITC">Ryugu</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:477" href="#fn:477"><sup>477</sup></a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4 April</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Parker_Solar_Probe/MDCAJsnl">Parker Solar Probe</a></i></td><td>Second <a href="/facts/Perihelion/VaL6ow9w">perihelion</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4 April</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Beresheet/d3aI71hY">Beresheet</a></i></td><td>Lunar orbital insertion</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5 April</td><td><i>Hayabusa2</i></td><td>Release of Small Carry-On Impactor (SCI) on the surface of Ryugu</td><td>SCI created a crater for further investigation. A dedicated DCAM-3 camera was deployed to observe the impact.</td></tr><tr><td>6 April</td><td><i>Juno</i></td><td>19th perijove</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>11 April</td><td><i>Beresheet</i></td><td>Lunar landing</td><td>Crashed due to gyroscope failure<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:478" href="#fn:478"><sup>478</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>29 May</td><td><i>Juno</i></td><td>20th perijove</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>11 July</td><td><i>Hayabusa2</i></td><td>Second sample collection from Ryugu</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>21 July</td><td><i>Juno</i></td><td>21st perijove</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>20 August</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Chandrayaan-2/F8kvgznt">Chandrayaan-2</a></i></td><td>Lunar orbital insertion</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1 September</td><td><i>Parker Solar Probe</i></td><td>Third perihelion</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6 September</td><td>Chandrayaan-2</td><td>Lunar landing</td><td>Vikram lander crashed after it lost attitude and contact at an altitude of 2.3 km.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:479" href="#fn:479"><sup>479</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>12 September</td><td><i>Juno</i></td><td>22nd perijove</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2 October</td><td><i>Hayabusa2</i></td><td>Deployment of <a href="/facts/Hayabusa2/ATAbjP6C">ROVER-2 (MINERVA-II-2)</a></td><td>Rover failed before deployment, it was deployed in orbit around the asteroid to perform gravitational measurements before it impacted on 8 October.</td></tr><tr><td>3 November</td><td><i>Juno</i></td><td>23rd perijove</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>13 November</td><td><i>Hayabusa2</i></td><td>Departure from Ryugu</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>26 December</td><td><i>Parker Solar Probe</i></td><td>Second <a href="/facts/Gravity_assist/4sqIByot">gravity assist</a> at <a href="/facts/Venus/pADnueP6">Venus</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>26 December</td><td><i>Juno</i></td><td>24th perijove</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="extravehicular-activities-evas">Extravehicular activities (EVAs)</h2> <table><tbody><tr><th>Start Date/Time</th><th>Duration</th><th>End Time</th><th>Spacecraft</th><th>Crew</th><th>Remarks</th></tr><tr><td>22 March 12:01</td><td>6 hours<p>39 minutes</p></td><td>18:40</td><td><a href="/facts/Expedition_59/hMYm5z8a">Expedition 59</a><p><a href="/facts/Quest_Joint_Airlock/qzx5E9YW">ISS <i>Quest</i></a></p></td><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Anne_McClain/J0vKIfCh">Anne McClain</a><p><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Nick_Hague/Vf12YWCH">Nick Hague</a></p></td><td><ul><li>connected 3 new Li-ion batteries to replace 6 old Ni-H batteries on power channel 4A of the P4 truss segment.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:480" href="#fn:480"><sup>480</sup></a></li><li>cleaned up debris on Unity's common berthing mechanism using Kapton tape <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:481" href="#fn:481"><sup>481</sup></a></li><li>secured a tieback for restraints on the solar array blanket box.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:482" href="#fn:482"><sup>482</sup></a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>29 March 11:42</td><td>6 hours<p>45 minutes</p></td><td>18:27</td><td><a href="/facts/Expedition_59/hMYm5z8a">Expedition 59</a><p><a href="/facts/Quest_Joint_Airlock/qzx5E9YW">ISS <i>Quest</i></a></p></td><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Nick_Hague/Vf12YWCH">Nick Hague</a><p><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Christina_Koch/jtSHnANz">Christina Koch</a></p></td><td><ul><li>connected 3 new Li-ion batteries to replace 6 old Ni-H batteries on power channel 2A of the P4 truss segment.</li><li>disconnected cables and relocated an adapter plate to enable <a href="/facts/Mobile_Servicing_System/Sj8HSaJv">Canadarm2</a> to remove a failed Li-ion battery.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:483" href="#fn:483"><sup>483</sup></a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>8 April 11:31</td><td>6 hours 29 minutes</td><td>18:00</td><td><a href="/facts/Expedition_59/hMYm5z8a">Expedition 59</a><p><a href="/facts/Quest_Joint_Airlock/qzx5E9YW">ISS <i>Quest</i></a></p></td><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Anne_McClain/J0vKIfCh">Anne McClain</a><p><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a> <a href="/facts/David_Saint-Jacques/wqt320l2">David Saint-Jacques</a></p></td><td><ul><li>installed jumper cables between the Unity module and the S0 truss to establish redundant power to <a href="/facts/Mobile_Servicing_System/Sj8HSaJv">Canadarm2</a>.</li><li>installed cables to provide for more expansive wireless communications coverage outside the orbital complex.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:484" href="#fn:484"><sup>484</sup></a></li><li>relocated an adapter plate from the 22 March spacewalk in preparation for future battery upgrade operations<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:485" href="#fn:485"><sup>485</sup></a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>29 May 15:42</td><td>6 hours 1 minute</td><td>21:43</td><td><a href="/facts/Expedition_59/hMYm5z8a">Expedition 59</a><p><a href="/facts/Pirs_(ISS_module)/6JCGTA18">ISS <i>Pirs</i></a></p></td><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Oleg_Kononenko/a5bTaulX">Oleg Kononenko</a><p><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Aleksey_Ovchinin/2xjzpvcx">Aleksey Ovchinin</a></p></td><td><ul><li>removed experiments from the <a href="/facts/Pirs_docking_compartment/6JCGTA18">Pirs docking compartment</a> and cleaned the windows.</li><li>installed a handrail to connect <a href="/facts/Zarya_(ISS_module)/54ph8f5A">Zarya</a> to Poisk and re-positioned the Plume Measuring Unit.</li><li>moved to the <a href="/facts/Zvezda_(ISS_module)/UM2qsV7z">Zvesda</a> Service Module and removed and jettisoned the Plasma Monitoring Units.</li><li>wished happy birthday to <a href="/facts/Alexei_Leonov/m410Rt3D">Alexei Leonov</a> who is the first spacewalker and is celebrating his 85th birthday on 30 May. Also brought a picture of Leonov into space with them.</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>21 August 12:27</td><td>6 hours 32 minutes</td><td>18:59</td><td><a href="/facts/Expedition_60/q9A4wXaY">Expedition 60</a><p><a href="/facts/Quest_Joint_Airlock/qzx5E9YW">ISS <i>Quest</i></a></p></td><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Nick_Hague/Vf12YWCH">Nick Hague</a><p><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Andrew_R._Morgan/8dIeD7T8">Andrew R. Morgan</a></p></td><td><p>Hague and Morgan installed the final <a href="/facts/International_Docking_Adapter/gq0Rdw4j">International Docking Adapter</a> on the <a href="/facts/Harmony_(ISS_module)/RY1kewMY"><i>Harmony Module</i></a>. The task for this spacewalk was identical to Spacewalk 194 and required work by both spacewalkers and <a href="/facts/Dextre/9XwmQyzA">Dextre</a> to get the docking port installed in preparation for the <a href="/facts/Boeing_CST-100_Starliner/VHmM9Yp7">Boeing CST-100 Starliner</a> orbital flight test, which will occur by the end of December. The crew also routed cables and installed <a href="/facts/Wi-Fi/u94quCsx">Wi-Fi</a> <a href="/facts/Router_(computing)/Nh5cIyVf">routers</a> for upcoming experiments.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:486" href="#fn:486"><sup>486</sup></a></p></td></tr><tr><td>6 October 11:39</td><td>7 hours 01 minutes</td><td>18:40</td><td><a href="/facts/Expedition_61/sFdJzpj4">Expedition 61</a><p><a href="/facts/Quest_Joint_Airlock/qzx5E9YW">ISS <i>Quest</i></a></p></td><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Christina_Koch/jtSHnANz">Christina Koch</a><p><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Andrew_R._Morgan/8dIeD7T8">Andrew R. Morgan</a></p></td><td><p>This spacewalk was the first of Expedition 61 and the first in a series of five to replace and improve ISS batteries on the P6 truss.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:487" href="#fn:487"><sup>487</sup></a></p></td></tr><tr><td>11 October 11:38</td><td>6 hours 45 minutes</td><td>18:23</td><td><a href="/facts/Expedition_61/sFdJzpj4">Expedition 61</a><p><a href="/facts/Quest_Joint_Airlock/qzx5E9YW">ISS <i>Quest</i></a></p></td><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Andrew_R._Morgan/8dIeD7T8">Andrew R. Morgan</a><p><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Christina_Koch/jtSHnANz">Christina Koch</a></p></td><td><p>This spacewalk was the second of Expedition 61 and the second in a series of five to replace and improve ISS batteries on the P6 truss. Before they went out to the hatch, <a href="/facts/RKA_Mission_Control_Center/4NzcqzG3">Mission Control Moscow</a> relayed to the crew that <a href="/facts/Alexei_Leonov/m410Rt3D">Alexei Leonov</a> had died and that this spacewalk was dedicated to him. As the crew came in and took off their suits, each gave a few words in memory of Leonov before station commander Luca Parmitano said "Farewell Alexei, and ad astra."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:488" href="#fn:488"><sup>488</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:489" href="#fn:489"><sup>489</sup></a></p></td></tr><tr><td>18 October<p>11:38</p></td><td>7 hours 17 minutes</td><td>18:55</td><td><a href="/facts/Expedition_61/sFdJzpj4">Expedition 61</a><p><a href="/facts/Quest_Joint_Airlock/qzx5E9YW">ISS <i>Quest</i></a></p></td><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Christina_Koch/jtSHnANz">Christina Koch</a><p><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Jessica_Meir/7ekmIwbJ">Jessica Meir</a></p></td><td><p>This spacewalk was the third of Expedition 61 and the third in a series of five to replace and improve ISS batteries on the P6 truss. Some of the battery swaps were delayed to EVA 222 due to a power failure in a Battery Charge Discharge Unit in slots 5 and 6 on the P6 Truss taking the 4B battery channel offline. Koch and Meir replaced the failed unit and brought it back inside. The battery swap was moved to EVA 222 to save time and Meir and Koch wrapped up the spacewalk by installing a stanchion on the <a href="/facts/Columbus_(ISS_module)/qYqbxpTR">Columbus</a> Module and tightening the bolts on the S0 Truss, which had come loose. This spacewalk was the first all-female spacewalk. During the spacewalk, <a href="/facts/Donald_Trump/pqqKY21P">President Trump</a> called the station and congratulated Koch and Meir on this milestone.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:490" href="#fn:490"><sup>490</sup></a></p></td></tr><tr><td>15 November<p>11:39</p></td><td>6 hours 39 minutes</td><td>18:18</td><td><a href="/facts/Expedition_61/sFdJzpj4">Expedition 61</a><p><a href="/facts/Quest_Joint_Airlock/qzx5E9YW">ISS <i>Quest</i></a></p></td><td><a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF"></a> <a href="/facts/Luca_Parmitano/mk33yvL6">Luca Parmitano</a><p><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Andrew_R._Morgan/8dIeD7T8">Andrew Morgan</a></p></td><td><p>First of a series of four spacewalks to repair the <a href="/facts/Alpha_Magnetic_Spectrometer/lcd9kQwf">Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer</a> which suffered a power failure last year in one of its four cooling pumps limiting the operation of the experiment. Parmitano and Morgan went outside and removed a cover plate from AMS and jettisoned it into space to make way for a cryo pump that they will assemble between spacewalks. Some of the bolts put up a fight but Parmitano got them all out. The highlight of the spacewalk is when Andrew Morgan threw the cover plate overboard and it drifted off aft of the station into the vacuum of space. The plate will stay in orbit for a few days until the end of December when it enters the atmosphere and burns up. The crew also removed several carbon fiber strips around fluid lines and installed handrails and grapple bars as get-ahead task. This spacewalk marks Parmitano's return to spacewalking after the Water in the Helmet Incident during EVA 171.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:491" href="#fn:491"><sup>491</sup></a></p></td></tr><tr><td>22 November<p>12:02</p></td><td>6 hours 33 minutes</td><td>16:35</td><td><a href="/facts/Expedition_61/sFdJzpj4">Expedition 61</a><p><a href="/facts/Quest_Joint_Airlock/qzx5E9YW">ISS <i>Quest</i></a></p></td><td><a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF"></a> <a href="/facts/Luca_Parmitano/mk33yvL6">Luca Parmitano</a><p><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Andrew_R._Morgan/8dIeD7T8">Andrew Morgan</a></p></td><td><p>The second in a series of four spacewalks to repair the AMS. Parmitano and Morgan cut fluid lines and installed a vent on the AMS Experiment to prep the old cooling pump for removal on the third spacewalk. Parmitano and Morgan also routed cables and installed a new power supply to power the pumps when they are installed on the third spacewalk.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:492" href="#fn:492"><sup>492</sup></a></p></td></tr><tr><td>2 December<p>11:31</p></td><td>6 hours 2 minutes</td><td>17:33</td><td><a href="/facts/Expedition_61/sFdJzpj4">Expedition 61</a><p><a href="/facts/Quest_Joint_Airlock/qzx5E9YW">ISS <i>Quest</i></a></p></td><td><a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF"></a> <a href="/facts/Luca_Parmitano/mk33yvL6">Luca Parmitano</a><p><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Andrew_R._Morgan/8dIeD7T8">Andrew Morgan</a></p></td><td><p>The third in a series of four spacewalks to repair the AMS. Parmitano and Morgan went out on the third spacewalk and installed the cryo pump and routed fluid and electrical lines to power the pump. Flight controllers in <a href="/facts/Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr._Mission_Control_Center/8DxahkB2">Houston</a>, <a href="/facts/Payload_Operations_and_Integration_Center/vUB1P2Hg">Huntsville</a>, and at <a href="/facts/CERN/y1gwRchm">CERN</a> activated the experiment and radioed to the crew that AMS passed with flying colors. The crew finished the spacewalk by doing a get-ahead task by covering AMS with thermal blanket.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:493" href="#fn:493"><sup>493</sup></a></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="space-debris-events">Space debris events</h2> <p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/List_of_space_debris_producing_events/hSuwnDaC">List of space debris producing events</a></p> <table><tbody><tr><th>Date/Time (UTC)</th><th>Source object</th><th>Event type</th><th>Pieces tracked</th><th>Remarks</th></tr><tr><td>27 March</td><td><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Microsat-R/f0sHe9kQ">Microsat-R</a> (suspected) and kinetic kill vehicle</td><td><a href="/facts/2019_Indian_anti-satellite_missile_test/1G2DKcA0">2019 Indian anti-satellite missile test</a></td><td>121<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:494" href="#fn:494"><sup>494</sup></a></td><td>Indian Prime Minister <a href="/facts/Narendra_Modi/bVn4fGGz">Narendra Modi</a> announced a successful test of an anti-satellite weapon. The test was believed to have destroyed the Microsat-R satellite launched in January.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:495" href="#fn:495"><sup>495</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:496" href="#fn:496"><sup>496</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Early April</td><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> A Centaur 3 upper stage(previously <a href="/facts/International_Designator/AwfuQFUY">International Designator</a> 2018-079B)</td><td>Unknown<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:497" href="#fn:497"><sup>497</sup></a></td><td>54<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:498" href="#fn:498"><sup>498</sup></a></td><td>The upper stage of the Centaur 3 that carried <a href="/facts/AEHF/HYjDFpIw">AEHF</a> −4 in high Earth orbit on 17 October 2018 broke up for unknown reasons.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:499" href="#fn:499"><sup>499</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>7 May</td><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Titan IIIC Transtage rocket body<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:500" href="#fn:500"><sup>500</sup></a></td><td>Titan IIIC Transtage rocket body</td><td>?<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:501" href="#fn:501"><sup>501</sup></a></td><td>Energetic fragmentation event by caused the overheating of leftover anhydrous hydrazine(N2H4) Mono Propellant</td></tr><tr><td>13 August</td><td><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> Ariane 42P third stage rocket body</td><td>Unknown</td><td>7</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19 August</td><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> SOZ (Sistema Obespecheniya Zapuska) ullage motor</td><td>Proton Block DM fourth stage</td><td>?<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:502" href="#fn:502"><sup>502</sup></a></td><td>Energetic fragmentation event; caused by left over fuel in the ullage motor.</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="orbital-launch-statistics">Orbital launch statistics</h2> <p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/Timeline_of_spaceflight/hqnayygD">Timeline of spaceflight</a></p> <h3>By country</h3> <p>For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For example, <a href="/facts/Soyuz_at_the_Guiana_Space_Centre/vVR1DUFl">Soyuz launches by Arianespace in Kourou</a> are counted under Russia because <a href="/facts/Soyuz-2/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2</a> is a Russian rocket. </p> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="2">Country</th><th>Launches</th><th>Successes</th><th>Failures</th><th>Partial failures</th><th>Remarks</th></tr><tr><td></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>34</td><td>32</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td> <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a></td><td>4</td><td>4</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td> <a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF">Italy</a></td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td> <a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM">India</a></td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td> <a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8">Iran</a></td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>Additionally, one rocket exploded on the launch pad during a ground test.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>25</td><td>25</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Includes three <a href="/facts/European_Soyuz/vVR1DUFl">European Soyuz</a> launches from <a href="/facts/Soyuz_at_the_Guiana_Space_Centre/vVR1DUFl">Kourou</a>, <a href="/facts/Guiana_Space_Centre/hp6TSJ6W">French Guiana</a> by <a href="/facts/Arianespace/qxMUItMm">Arianespace</a>.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>27</td><td>27</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Includes six <a href="/facts/Electron_(rocket)/wmMhl3aA">Electron</a> launches from <a href="/facts/Rocket_Lab_Launch_Complex_1/2kD8ec3L">Mahia</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2">World</th><th>102</th><th>97</th><th>5</th><th>0</th><th></th></tr></tbody></table> <h3>By rocket</h3> 5 10 15 20 25 30 <a href="/facts/Antares_(rocket)/bjaHqCmA">Antares</a> <a href="/facts/Ariane_(rocket_family)/bxpEpRRh">Ariane</a> <a href="/facts/Atlas_(rocket_family)/G4rKFbb7">Atlas</a> <a href="/facts/Delta_(rocket_family)/gQH4EUYB">Delta</a> <a href="/facts/Electron_(rocket)/wmMhl3aA">Electron</a> <a href="/facts/Falcon_(rocket_family)/RF4Ylp7q">Falcon</a> <a href="/facts/Kuaizhou/F73q5vRf">Kuaizhou</a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_(rocket_family)/IKrU6jfw">Long March</a> <a href="/facts/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle/KantsJM7">PSLV</a> <a href="/facts/R-7_(rocket_family)/G4HrfbkB">R-7</a> <a href="/facts/Universal_Rocket/qF52yQI8">UR</a> <a href="/facts/Vega_(rocket_family)/AuH9mJ32">Vega</a> <a href="/facts/Comparison_of_orbital_launch_systems/lSEHGfUx">Others</a> <ul><li> <a href="/facts/Antares_(rocket)/bjaHqCmA">Antares 230+</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Ariane_5/H78wlLG4">Ariane 5</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Atlas_V/5SNgegyt">Atlas V</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Delta_IV/QWun0yHh">Delta IV</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Delta_IV_Heavy/hLQT6QQG">Delta IV Heavy</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Electron_(rocket)/wmMhl3aA">Electron</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Falcon_9/mNck6vby">Falcon 9</a> new</li> <li> Falcon 9 reused</li> <li> <a href="/facts/Falcon_Heavy/vh7so7BW">Falcon Heavy</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Kuaizhou_1A/F73q5vRf">Kuaizhou 1A</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Long_March_2/15Vmhlvn">Long March 2</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Long_March_3/mlndRuEl">Long March 3</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Long_March_4/IKrU6jfw">Long March 4</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Long_March_5/rzP8BRBA">Long March 5</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Long_March_6/r6fJMHoo">Long March 6</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Long_March_11/kLqKep10">Long March 11</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle/KantsJM7">PSLV</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-FG/IXLFSTfd">Soyuz-FG</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-2/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2</a> (Russia)</li> <li> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-ST/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-ST</a> (Europe)</li> <li> <a href="/facts/Proton-M/F9I5QHR7">Proton-M</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Rokot/xXx9Gzg7">Rokot</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Vega_(rocket)/AuH9mJ32">Vega</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Comparison_of_orbital_launch_systems/lSEHGfUx">Others</a></li></ul> <h4>By family</h4> <table><tbody><tr><th>Family</th><th>Country</th><th>Launches</th><th>Successes</th><th>Failures</th><th>Partial failures</th><th>Remarks</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Antares_(rocket)/bjaHqCmA">Antares</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Ariane_(rocket_family)/bxpEpRRh">Ariane</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a></td><td>4</td><td>4</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Atlas_(rocket_family)/G4rKFbb7">Atlas</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Delta_(rocket_family)/gQH4EUYB">Delta</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Electron_(rocket)/wmMhl3aA">Electron</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Epsilon_(rocket)/yYqSd7J0">Epsilon</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Falcon_(rocket_family)/RF4Ylp7q">Falcon</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>13</td><td>13</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/LVM_3/BHqVWNrW">GLSV Mk III</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM">India</a></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/H-II_(rocket_family)/Em5atYzl">H-II</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/I-Space_(Chinese_company)/lyfjoyY9">Hyperbola</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Maiden flight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Jielong_1/yvb95h1V">Jielong</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Maiden flight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Kuaizhou/F73q5vRf">Kuaizhou</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_(rocket_family)/IKrU6jfw">Long March</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>26</td><td>25</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Pegasus_(rocket)/w8swDwhu">Pegasus</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/OneSpace/s9tmukBA">OneSpace</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>Maiden flight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle/KantsJM7">PSLV</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM">India</a></td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/R-7_(rocket_family)/G4HrfbkB">R-7</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>18</td><td>18</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Safir_(rocket)/jmDrfeug">Safir</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8">Iran</a></td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Simorgh_(rocket)/YujCuwTg">Simorgh</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8">Iran</a></td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Universal_Rocket/qF52yQI8">Universal Rocket</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>7</td><td>7</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Vega_(rocket)/AuH9mJ32">Vega</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF">Italy</a></td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h4>By type</h4> <table><tbody><tr><th>Rocket</th><th>Country</th><th>Family</th><th>Launches</th><th>Successes</th><th>Failures</th><th>Partial failures</th><th>Remarks</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Antares_(rocket)/bjaHqCmA">Antares 200</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Antares</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Ariane_5/H78wlLG4">Ariane 5</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a></td><td>Ariane</td><td>4</td><td>4</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Atlas_V/5SNgegyt">Atlas V</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Atlas</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Delta_IV/QWun0yHh">Delta IV</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Delta</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Electron_(rocket)/wmMhl3aA">Electron</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Electron</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Epsilon_(rocket)/yYqSd7J0">Epsilon</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td>Epsilon</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Falcon_9/mNck6vby">Falcon 9</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Falcon</td><td>13</td><td>13</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/LVM_3/BHqVWNrW">GLSV Mk III</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM">India</a></td><td>GLSV Mk III</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/H-IIB/k5CMQBXm">H-IIB</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td>H-II</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/I-Space_(Chinese_company)/lyfjoyY9">Hyperbola-1</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Hyperbola</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Maiden flight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Jielong_1/yvb95h1V">Jielong 1</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Jielong</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Maiden flight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Kuaizhou-1/F73q5vRf">Kuaizhou-1</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Kuaizhou</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_2/15Vmhlvn">Long March 2</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Long March</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_(rocket_family)/IKrU6jfw">Long March 3</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Long March</td><td>12</td><td>12</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_(rocket_family)/IKrU6jfw">Long March 4</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Long March</td><td>7</td><td>6</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_5/rzP8BRBA">Long March 5</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Long March</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_6/r6fJMHoo">Long March 6</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Long March</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_11/kLqKep10">Long March 11</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Long March</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/OneSpace/s9tmukBA">OS-M1</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>OneSpace</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>Maiden flight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Pegasus_XL/w8swDwhu">Pegasus XL</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Pegasus</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Proton_(rocket)/susmVN0U">Proton</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>Universal Rocket</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle/KantsJM7">PSLV</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM">India</a></td><td>PSLV</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Safir_(rocket)/jmDrfeug">Safir</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8">Iran</a></td><td>Safir</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>Final flight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Simorgh_(rocket)/YujCuwTg">Simorgh</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8">Iran</a></td><td>Simorgh</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Soyuz_(rocket_family)/cGMjYIPX">Soyuz</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>R-7</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Final flight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Soyuz-2/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>R-7</td><td>15</td><td>15</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/UR-100/3WpHtj8H">UR-100</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>Universal Rocket</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Final flight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Vega_(rocket)/AuH9mJ32">Vega</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF">Italy</a></td><td>Vega</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h4>By configuration</h4> <table><tbody><tr><th>Rocket</th><th>Country</th><th>Type</th><th>Launches</th><th>Successes</th><th>Failures</th><th>Partial failures</th><th>Remarks</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Antares_(rocket)/bjaHqCmA">Antares 230</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Antares 200</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Final flight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Antares_(rocket)/bjaHqCmA">Antares 230+</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Antares 200</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Maiden flight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Ariane_5/H78wlLG4">Ariane 5 ECA</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a></td><td>Ariane 5</td><td>4</td><td>4</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Atlas_V/5SNgegyt">Atlas V 401</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Atlas V</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Atlas_V/5SNgegyt">Atlas V 411</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Atlas V</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Atlas_V/5SNgegyt">Atlas V 531</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Atlas V</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Atlas_V/5SNgegyt">Atlas V 551</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Atlas V</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Atlas_V/5SNgegyt">Atlas V N22</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Atlas V</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Maiden flight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Delta_IV/QWun0yHh">Delta IV Medium+ (4,2)</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Delta IV</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Final flight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Delta_IV/QWun0yHh">Delta IV Medium+ (5,4)</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Delta IV</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Final flight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Delta_IV_Heavy/hLQT6QQG">Delta IV Heavy</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Delta IV</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Epsilon_(rocket)/yYqSd7J0">Epsilon</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td>Epsilon</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Electron_(rocket)/wmMhl3aA">Electron</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Electron</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Falcon_9_Block_5/0QqsLwWb">Falcon 9 Block 5</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Falcon 9</td><td>11</td><td>11</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Falcon_Heavy/vh7so7BW">Falcon Heavy</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Falcon 9</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/LVM_3/BHqVWNrW">GSLV Mk III</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM">India</a></td><td>GSLV Mk III</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/H-IIB/k5CMQBXm">H-IIB</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td>H-IIB</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Hyperbola-1/lyfjoyY9">Hyperbola-1</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Hyperbola-1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Maiden flight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Jielong_1/yvb95h1V">Jielong 1</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Jielong 1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Maiden flight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Kuaizhou/F73q5vRf">Kuaizhou-1A</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Kuaizhou-1</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_2C/VBSyRIx6">Long March 2C</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Long March 2</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_2D/popxUWJ3">Long March 2D</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Long March 2</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_3B/7HAsDyeL">Long March 3B/E</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Long March 3</td><td>8</td><td>8</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_3B/7HAsDyeL">Long March 3B/E</a> / <a href="/facts/Yuanzheng/pyk19Vgn">YZ-1</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Long March 3</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_3C/mFRsmux1">Long March 3C/E</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Long March 3</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_4B/CY23M8Ra">Long March 4B</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Long March 4</td><td>4</td><td>4</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_4C/NPxa0GpR">Long March 4C</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Long March 4</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_5/rzP8BRBA">Long March 5</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Long March 5</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_6/r6fJMHoo">Long March 6</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Long March 6</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_11/kLqKep10">Long March 11</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Long March 11</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/OneSpace/s9tmukBA">OS-M1</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>OneSpace</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>Maiden flight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Pegasus_XL/w8swDwhu">Pegasus XL</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Pegasus XL</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Proton-M/F9I5QHR7">Proton-M</a> / <a href="/facts/Briz_(rocket_stage)/nPncWv0Q">Briz-M</a> or <a href="/facts/DM-03/Xp8xLzGM">DM-03</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>Proton</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Proton-M/F9I5QHR7">Proton-M</a> / <a href="/facts/Blok_DM-03/Xp8xLzGM">Blok DM-03</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>Proton</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle/KantsJM7">PSLV-CA</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM">India</a></td><td>PSLV</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle/KantsJM7">PLSV-DL</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM">India</a></td><td>PSLV</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Maiden flight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle/KantsJM7">PLSV-QL</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM">India</a></td><td>PSLV</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Maiden flight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle/KantsJM7">PLSV-XL</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM">India</a></td><td>PSLV</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Rokot/xXx9Gzg7">Rokot</a> / <a href="/facts/Briz_(rocket_stage)/nPncWv0Q">Briz-KM</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>UR-100</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Final flight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Safir_(rocket)/jmDrfeug">Safir</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8">Iran</a></td><td>Safir</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>Final flight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Simorgh_(rocket)/YujCuwTg">Simorgh</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8">Iran</a></td><td>Simorgh</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Soyuz-FG/IXLFSTfd">Soyuz-FG</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>Soyuz</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Final flight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Soyuz-2/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2.1a</a> or ST-A</td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>Soyuz-2</td><td>4</td><td>4</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Soyuz-2/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2.1a</a> or ST-A / <a href="/facts/Fregat/Sv4Ub6GJ">Fregat-M</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>Soyuz-2</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Soyuz-2/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2.1b</a> or ST-B / <a href="/facts/Fregat/Sv4Ub6GJ">Fregat-M</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>Soyuz-2</td><td>7</td><td>7</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Soyuz-2-1v/QD04uy3S">Soyuz-2-1v</a> / <a href="/facts/Volga_(rocket_stage)/luoslCGD">Volga</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>Soyuz-2</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Vega_(rocket)/AuH9mJ32">Vega</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF">Italy</a></td><td>Vega</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>By spaceport</h3> 8 16 24 32 40 China France India Iran Japan Kazakhstan New Zealand Russia United States <ul><li> <a href="/facts/Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center/cenXHpsK">Jiuquan</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Taiyuan_Satellite_Launch_Center/qgEeV9KG">Taiyuan</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Wenchang_Spacecraft_Launch_Site/1RJ6epFK">Wenchang</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center/LFCcfqxT">Xichang</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Yellow_Sea/0T615mgC">Yellow Sea</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Guiana_Space_Centre/hp6TSJ6W">Kourou</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre/GkXD3tL3">Satish Dhawan</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Semnan_Space_Center/bQ1ImTG4">Semnan</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Tanegashima_Space_Center/PKLppwl8">Tanegashima</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Uchinoura_Space_Center/qdxArHnD">Uchinoura</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Rocket_Lab_Launch_Complex_1/2kD8ec3L">Mahia</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome/QG25T5Ph">Plesetsk</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Vostochny_Cosmodrome/jNmQKDzu">Vostochny</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station/dwJ9MCPH">Cape Canaveral</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Kennedy_Space_Center/zmwszuPr">Kennedy</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Mid-Atlantic_Regional_Spaceport/NerIMmk0">MARS</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base/CHNed3F4">Vandenberg</a></li></ul> <table><tbody><tr><th>Site</th><th>Country</th><th>Launches</th><th>Successes</th><th>Failures</th><th>Partial failures</th><th>Remarks</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e">Kazakhstan</a></td><td>13</td><td>13</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station/dwJ9MCPH">Cape Canaveral</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>13</td><td>13</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Includes the 11 October Pegasus XL launch whose carrier aircraft took flight from Cape Canaveral</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center/cenXHpsK">Jiuquan</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>9</td><td>8</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Kennedy_Space_Center/zmwszuPr">Kennedy</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Guiana_Space_Centre/hp6TSJ6W">Kourou</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a></td><td>9</td><td>8</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Rocket_Lab_Launch_Complex_1/2kD8ec3L">Mahia</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/New_Zealand/4mpSlJdg">New Zealand</a></td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Mid-Atlantic_Regional_Spaceport/NerIMmk0">MARS</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome/QG25T5Ph">Plesetsk</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>8</td><td>8</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre/GkXD3tL3">Satish Dhawan</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM">India</a></td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Semnan_spaceport/bQ1ImTG4">Semnan</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8">Iran</a></td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>Additionally, one rocket exploded on the launch pad during a ground test.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Taiyuan_Satellite_Launch_Center/qgEeV9KG">Taiyuan</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>10</td><td>9</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Tanegashima_Space_Center/PKLppwl8">Tanegashima</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Uchinoura_Space_Center/qdxArHnD">Uchinoura</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base/CHNed3F4">Vandenberg</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Vostochny_Cosmodrome/jNmQKDzu">Vostochny</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Wenchang_Satellite_Launch_Center/1RJ6epFK">Wenchang</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center/LFCcfqxT">Xichang</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>13</td><td>13</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Yellow_Sea/0T615mgC">Yellow Sea</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2">Total</th><th>102</th><th>97</th><th>5</th><th>0</th><th></th></tr></tbody></table> <h3>By orbit</h3> 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 <a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a> <a href="/facts/Medium_Earth_orbit/7Qmz5XxG">Medium Earth</a> / <a href="/facts/Molniya_orbit/uGEqtoSw">Molniya</a> <a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a> / <a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_transfer_orbit/1WwL0SPz">transfer</a> <a href="/facts/High_Earth_orbit/ttK1a3qL">High Earth</a> <a href="/facts/Heliocentric_orbit/b4zMv2jE">Heliocentric</a> <ul><li> Low Earth</li> <li> Low Earth (ISS)</li> <li> Low Earth (SSO)</li> <li> Medium Earth</li> <li> Molniya</li> <li> Geosychronous (transfer)</li> <li> Inclined GSO</li> <li> High Earth</li> <li> Heliocentric</li></ul> <table><tbody><tr><th>Orbital regime</th><th>Launches</th><th>Achieved</th><th>Not achieved</th><th>Accidentally achieved</th><th>Remarks</th></tr><tr><td>Transatmospheric</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a> / <a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">Sun-synchronous</a></td><td>66</td><td>61</td><td>5</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Medium_Earth_orbit/7Qmz5XxG">Medium Earth</a></td><td>9</td><td>9</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a> / <a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_transfer_orbit/1WwL0SPz">GTO</a></td><td>24</td><td>24</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Includes two inclined GSO orbits (IGSO)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/High_Earth_orbit/ttK1a3qL">High Earth</a> / <a href="/facts/Lunar_transfer_orbit/nc16VTrG">Lunar transfer</a></td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Heliocentric_orbit/b4zMv2jE">Heliocentric</a> / <a href="/facts/Hohmann_transfer_orbit/qjhbKTLX">Planetary transfer</a></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Total</th><th>102</th><th>97</th><th>5</th><th>0</th><th></th></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li>Bergin, Chris. <a href="http://www.nasaspaceflight.com">"NASASpaceFlight.com"</a>.</li> <li>Clark, Stephen. <a href="http://www.spaceflightnow.com">"Spaceflight Now"</a>.</li> <li>Kelso, T.S. <a href="https://celestrak.com/satcat/search.php">"Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)"</a>. CelesTrak.</li> <li>Krebs, Gunter. <a href="http://space.skyrocket.de/directories/chronology.htm">"Chronology of Space Launches"</a>.</li> <li>Kyle, Ed. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091005063125/http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/">"Space Launch Report"</a>. Archived from <a href="http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/">the original</a> on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.</li> <li>McDowell, Jonathan. <a href="https://planet4589.org/space/gcat/data/derived/launchlog.html">"GCAT Orbital Launch Log"</a>.</li> <li>Pietrobon, Steven. <a href="http://www.sworld.com.au/steven/space/">"Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive"</a>.</li> <li>Wade, Mark. <a href="http://www.astronautix.com">"Encyclopedia Astronautica"</a>.</li> <li>Webb, Brian. <a href="http://www.spacearchive.info/index.htm">"Southwest Space Archive"</a>.</li> <li>Zak, Anatoly. <a href="http://www.russianspaceweb.com/">"Russian Space Web"</a>.</li> <li><a href="http://spaceflight101.com/iss/iss-calendar/">"ISS Calendar"</a>. <i>Spaceflight 101</i>.</li> <li><a href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/">"NSSDCA Master Catalog"</a>. <i>NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive</i>. <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a> <a href="/facts/Goddard_Space_Flight_Center/WfoEKknM">Goddard Space Flight Center</a>.</li> <li><a href="http://www.cosmoworld.ru/spaceencyclopedia/chrono/index.shtml">"Хроника освоения космоса"</a> [Chronicle of space exploration]. <i>CosmoWorld</i> (in Russian).</li> <li><a href="https://nextspaceflight.com/">"Rocket Launch Manifest"</a>. <i>Next Spaceflight</i>.</li></ul> Generic references: <ul><li>view</li><li>talk</li><li>edit</li></ul> Spaceflight portal <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Grush, Loren (31 March 2018). "No one won the Google Lunar X Prize, but these competitors are still shooting for the Moon". The Verge. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2019.Graham, William (19 January 2019). "ULA Delta IV-Heavy launches NROL-71 following lengthy delay". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 19 January 2019. <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/31/17176530/google-lunar-x-prize-competition-spaceil-moon-express-astrobotic" target="_blank">https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/31/17176530/google-lunar-x-prize-competition-spaceil-moon-express-astrobotic</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Lidman, Melanie (11 April 2019). "Israel's Beresheet spacecraft crashes into the moon during landing attempt". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2019.Barbosa, Rui C. (21 January 2019). "Long March 11 launches with three satellites". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 21 January 2019. <a href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/israels-beresheet-spacecraft-crashes-during-moon-landing-attempt/" target="_blank">https://www.timesofisrael.com/israels-beresheet-spacecraft-crashes-during-moon-landing-attempt/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Ramesh, Sandhya (12 June 2019). "Why Chandrayaan-2 is ISRO's 'most complex mission' so far". ThePrint. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 13 June 2019.""吉林一号"家族将再添新成员！光谱01、02星本月下旬择期发射" [The "Jilin-1" family will add new members! Spectral 01, 02 stars will be launched in the second half of this month] (in Chinese). 4 January 2019. Archived from the original on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 8 January 2019. <a href="https://theprint.in/science/why-chandrayaan-2-is-isros-most-complex-mission-so-far/249252/" target="_blank">https://theprint.in/science/why-chandrayaan-2-is-isros-most-complex-mission-so-far/249252/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"New Horizons – Kuiper Belt Extended Mission" (PDF). JHUAPL. 12 December 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 18 October 2019. <a href="http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/News-Center/Press-Conferences/2017-12-12/resources/2017_NH_AGU_PA.pdf" target="_blank">http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/News-Center/Press-Conferences/2017-12-12/resources/2017_NH_AGU_PA.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Hays, Brooks (11 July 2019). "Hayabusa-makes completes second asteroid touchdown to collect samples". SpaceDaily. Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2019. <a href="https://www.spacedaily.com/m/reports/Japans_Hayabusa-2_completes_second_asteroid_touchdown_collects_another_sample_999.html" target="_blank">https://www.spacedaily.com/m/reports/Japans_Hayabusa-2_completes_second_asteroid_touchdown_collects_another_sample_999.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Bartels, Meghan (13 November 2019). "Farewell, Ryugu! Japan's Hayabusa2 Probe Leaves Asteroid for Journey Home". Space.com. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2019."XiaoXiang 3". NASA. Retrieved 23 February 2019. <a href="https://www.space.com/hayabusa2-spacecraft-leaves-asteroid-ryugu.html" target="_blank">https://www.space.com/hayabusa2-spacecraft-leaves-asteroid-ryugu.html</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Northon, Karen (13 February 2019). "NASA's Record-Setting Opportunity Rover Mission on Mars Comes to End". NASA (Press release). Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2019. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasas-record-setting-opportunity-rover-mission-on-mars-comes-to-end" target="_blank">https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasas-record-setting-opportunity-rover-mission-on-mars-comes-to-end</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"NASA's InSight Detects First Likely 'Quake' on Mars". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA. 23 April 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2019. <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7383" target="_blank">https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7383</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Berger, Eric (22 April 2019). "Here's what we know, and what we don't, about the Crew Dragon accident". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2019.China 'N Asia Spaceflight 🚀🛰️🙏 [@CNSpaceflight] (17 June 2022). "Xiaoxiang-1-03, a 6U-cubesat built by @TY_Spacety to demonstrate deorbit-sail technology, has reentered on June 14. It took only 33 days to lower altitude from 400km to below 200km. https://t.co/HRrS0CV242" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2023 – via Twitter. <a href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/04/heres-what-we-know-and-what-we-dont-about-the-crew-dragon-accident/" target="_blank">https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/04/heres-what-we-know-and-what-we-dont-about-the-crew-dragon-accident/</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Burghardt, Thomas (22 December 2019). "OFT Starliner Makes Early Landing at White Sands". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 22 December 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/oft-starliner-landing-white-sands/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/oft-starliner-landing-white-sands/</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Clark, Stephen (18 January 2019). "Relativity Space obtains Air Force approval for Cape Canaveral launch pad". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 24 January 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/01/18/relativity-space-obtains-air-force-approval-for-cape-canaveral-launch-pad/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/01/18/relativity-space-obtains-air-force-approval-for-cape-canaveral-launch-pad/</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Barbosa, Rui C. (27 March 2019). "Maiden launch of OneSpace OS-M rocket fails". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 27 March 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/03/maiden-launch-of-onespace-os-m-rocket-fails/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/03/maiden-launch-of-onespace-os-m-rocket-fails/</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Huang, Echo (25 July 2019). "iSpace achieves China's first private rocket launch". Quartz. Retrieved 25 July 2019."Lingque 1A". NASA. Retrieved 23 February 2019. <a href="https://qz.com/1674426/ispace-to-attempt-chinas-third-private-rocket-launch/" target="_blank">https://qz.com/1674426/ispace-to-attempt-chinas-third-private-rocket-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Clark, Stephen (17 August 2019). "China's Jielong 1 smallsat launcher successful on first flight". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 19 August 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/08/17/chinas-jielong-1-smallsat-launcher-successful-on-first-flight/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/08/17/chinas-jielong-1-smallsat-launcher-successful-on-first-flight/</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Baylor, Michael (27 August 2019). "SpaceX's Starhopper completes 150 meter test hop". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 18 October 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/faa-spacexs-starhopper-hop/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/faa-spacexs-starhopper-hop/</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Gebhardt, Chris (27 December 2019). "Long March 5 conducts critical Return To Flight mission". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 27 December 2019."LINGQUE 1A". N2YO.com. 14 June 2022. Retrieved 9 July 2022. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/long-march-5-critical-rtf-mission/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/long-march-5-critical-rtf-mission/</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Clark, Stephen (22 August 2019). "Five more Delta 4-Heavy flights in ULA backlog after final "single stick" launch". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 18 October 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/08/22/five-more-delta-4-heavy-flights-in-ula-backlog-after-final-single-stick-launch/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/08/22/five-more-delta-4-heavy-flights-in-ula-backlog-after-final-single-stick-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Gebhardt, Chris (24 September 2019). "Soyuz MS-15 Soyuz-FG retirement; Last launch from Gagarin's Start lofts first Emirati astronaut". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 25 September 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/09/soyuz-fg-retirement-last-launch-gagarins-first-emirati-astronaut/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/09/soyuz-fg-retirement-last-launch-gagarins-first-emirati-astronaut/</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Graham, William (26 December 2019). "Rokot conducts final launch – carries three Gonets-M satellites to orbit". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 26 December 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/rokot-final-launch-three-gonets-m-satellites/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/rokot-final-launch-three-gonets-m-satellites/</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Bergin, Chris (10 January 2019). "Long March 3B lofts Chinasat-2D". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 10 January 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/01/long-march-3b-lofts-chinasat-2d/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/01/long-march-3b-lofts-chinasat-2d/</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-3 (Chang Zheng-3)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 10 August 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-3.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-3.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Henry, Caleb (11 January 2019). "SpaceX completes Iridium Next constellation". SpaceNews. Retrieved 12 January 2019. <a href="https://spacenews.com/spacex-completes-iridium-next-constellation/" target="_blank">https://spacenews.com/spacex-completes-iridium-next-constellation/</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>Tawfeeq, Mohammed; Qiblawi, Tamara (15 January 2019). "Despite US warning, Iran launches satellite and fails". CNN. Retrieved 15 January 2019. <a href="https://edition.cnn.com/2019/01/15/middleeast/iran-satellite-launch-intl/index.html" target="_blank">https://edition.cnn.com/2019/01/15/middleeast/iran-satellite-launch-intl/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>Cohen, Zachary (15 January 2019). "Images show Iran prepping satellite launch despite Pompeo's threat". CNN. Retrieved 15 January 2019. <a href="https://edition.cnn.com/2019/01/08/politics/iran-satellite-launch-pompeo/index.html" target="_blank">https://edition.cnn.com/2019/01/08/politics/iran-satellite-launch-pompeo/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "Payam-e Amirkabir (AUTSAT 1, Amir-Kabir 1)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 17 January 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/payam-e-amirkabir.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/payam-e-amirkabir.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>Tawfeeq, Mohammed; Qiblawi, Tamara (15 January 2019). "Despite US warning, Iran launches satellite and fails". CNN. Retrieved 15 January 2019. <a href="https://edition.cnn.com/2019/01/15/middleeast/iran-satellite-launch-intl/index.html" target="_blank">https://edition.cnn.com/2019/01/15/middleeast/iran-satellite-launch-intl/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>Graham, William (17 January 2019). "Japan's Epsilon conducts RAPIS-1 launch". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 19 January 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/01/japans-epsilon-rapis-1-launch/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/01/japans-epsilon-rapis-1-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>"About Epsilon Launch Vehicle". JAXA. Retrieved 14 August 2021. <a href="https://global.jaxa.jp/projects/rockets/epsilon/" target="_blank">https://global.jaxa.jp/projects/rockets/epsilon/</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>"ALE-1". N2YO.com. Retrieved 7 April 2023. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=43938" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=43938</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>"ALE-DOM". N2YO.com. 3 August 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2022. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=53314" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=53314</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>Wall, Mike (15 May 2020). "Japanese satellite filled with 'shooting star' pellets won't spawn artificial meteor shower after all". Space.com. Retrieved 18 August 2022. <a href="https://www.space.com/japan-shooting-star-satellite-artificial-meteor-shower-glitch.html" target="_blank">https://www.space.com/japan-shooting-star-satellite-artificial-meteor-shower-glitch.html</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:32"><p>"RISESAT". N2YO.com. 14 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=43934" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=43934</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:33"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "MicroDragon". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 10 October 2017.Clark, Stephen (27 March 2019). "U.S. military sensors track debris from Indian anti-satellite test". spaceflightnow.com. Retrieved 29 March 2019. <a href="http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/microdragon.htm" target="_blank">http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/microdragon.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:34"><p>"MICRODRAGON Satellite details 2019-003D NORAD 43935". n2yo.com. Retrieved 12 January 2025. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=43935" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=43935</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:35"><p>"AOBA-VELOX-IV". N2YO.com. 24 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=43940" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=43940</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:36"><p>"NEXUS (FUJI-OSCAR 99)". N2YO.com. 9 November 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2024. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=43937" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=43937</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:37"><p>"ORIGAMISAT-1 (FO-98)". N2YO.com. 30 April 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=43933" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=43933</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:38"><p>Grush, Loren (31 March 2018). "No one won the Google Lunar X Prize, but these competitors are still shooting for the Moon". The Verge. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2019.Graham, William (19 January 2019). "ULA Delta IV-Heavy launches NROL-71 following lengthy delay". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 19 January 2019. <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/31/17176530/google-lunar-x-prize-competition-spaceil-moon-express-astrobotic" target="_blank">https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/31/17176530/google-lunar-x-prize-competition-spaceil-moon-express-astrobotic</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:39"><p>Lidman, Melanie (11 April 2019). "Israel's Beresheet spacecraft crashes into the moon during landing attempt". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2019.Barbosa, Rui C. (21 January 2019). "Long March 11 launches with three satellites". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 21 January 2019. <a href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/israels-beresheet-spacecraft-crashes-during-moon-landing-attempt/" target="_blank">https://www.timesofisrael.com/israels-beresheet-spacecraft-crashes-during-moon-landing-attempt/</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:40"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-11 (Chang Zheng-11)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 6 November 2019."KALAMASAT-V2/PSLV". N2YO.com. 22 December 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2024. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-11.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-11.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:41"><p>Ramesh, Sandhya (12 June 2019). "Why Chandrayaan-2 is ISRO's 'most complex mission' so far". ThePrint. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 13 June 2019.""吉林一号"家族将再添新成员！光谱01、02星本月下旬择期发射" [The "Jilin-1" family will add new members! Spectral 01, 02 stars will be launched in the second half of this month] (in Chinese). 4 January 2019. Archived from the original on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 8 January 2019. <a href="https://theprint.in/science/why-chandrayaan-2-is-isros-most-complex-mission-so-far/249252/" target="_blank">https://theprint.in/science/why-chandrayaan-2-is-isros-most-complex-mission-so-far/249252/</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:42"><p>Bartels, Meghan (13 November 2019). "Farewell, Ryugu! Japan's Hayabusa2 Probe Leaves Asteroid for Journey Home". Space.com. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2019."XiaoXiang 3". NASA. Retrieved 23 February 2019. <a href="https://www.space.com/hayabusa2-spacecraft-leaves-asteroid-ryugu.html" target="_blank">https://www.space.com/hayabusa2-spacecraft-leaves-asteroid-ryugu.html</a> <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:43"><p>Berger, Eric (22 April 2019). "Here's what we know, and what we don't, about the Crew Dragon accident". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2019.China 'N Asia Spaceflight 🚀🛰️🙏 [@CNSpaceflight] (17 June 2022). "Xiaoxiang-1-03, a 6U-cubesat built by @TY_Spacety to demonstrate deorbit-sail technology, has reentered on June 14. It took only 33 days to lower altitude from 400km to below 200km. https://t.co/HRrS0CV242" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2023 – via Twitter. <a href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/04/heres-what-we-know-and-what-we-dont-about-the-crew-dragon-accident/" target="_blank">https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/04/heres-what-we-know-and-what-we-dont-about-the-crew-dragon-accident/</a> <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:44"><p>Huang, Echo (25 July 2019). "iSpace achieves China's first private rocket launch". Quartz. Retrieved 25 July 2019."Lingque 1A". NASA. Retrieved 23 February 2019. <a href="https://qz.com/1674426/ispace-to-attempt-chinas-third-private-rocket-launch/" target="_blank">https://qz.com/1674426/ispace-to-attempt-chinas-third-private-rocket-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:45"><p>Gebhardt, Chris (27 December 2019). "Long March 5 conducts critical Return To Flight mission". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 27 December 2019."LINGQUE 1A". N2YO.com. 14 June 2022. Retrieved 9 July 2022. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/long-march-5-critical-rtf-mission/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/long-march-5-critical-rtf-mission/</a> <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:46"><p>Clark, Stephen (24 January 2019). "India debuts new version of workhorse PSLV". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 22 February 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/01/24/pslv-c44-launch/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/01/24/pslv-c44-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:47"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "PSLV". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 21 October 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/pslv.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/pslv.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:48"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "MicroDragon". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 10 October 2017.Clark, Stephen (27 March 2019). "U.S. military sensors track debris from Indian anti-satellite test". spaceflightnow.com. Retrieved 29 March 2019. <a href="http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/microdragon.htm" target="_blank">http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/microdragon.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:49"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "PSLV". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 21 October 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/pslv.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/pslv.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:49" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:50"><p>"PSLV-C44 to launch Kalamsat, Microsat-R". Onmanorama. Retrieved 17 January 2019.Gambrell, Jon (7 February 2019). "Images suggest Iran launched satellite despite US criticism". Associated Press. Retrieved 21 March 2019. <a href="https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/nation/2019/01/16/pslv-c44-launch-kalamsat-microsat-r-jan-24.html" target="_blank">https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/nation/2019/01/16/pslv-c44-launch-kalamsat-microsat-r-jan-24.html</a> <a href="#fnref:50" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:51"><p>"PSLV-C44 to launch Kalamsat, Microsat-R". Onmanorama. Retrieved 17 January 2019.Gambrell, Jon (7 February 2019). "Images suggest Iran launched satellite despite US criticism". Associated Press. Retrieved 21 March 2019. <a href="https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/nation/2019/01/16/pslv-c44-launch-kalamsat-microsat-r-jan-24.html" target="_blank">https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/nation/2019/01/16/pslv-c44-launch-kalamsat-microsat-r-jan-24.html</a> <a href="#fnref:51" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:52"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-11 (Chang Zheng-11)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 6 November 2019."KALAMASAT-V2/PSLV". N2YO.com. 22 December 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2024. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-11.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-11.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:52" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:53"><p>"PSLV-C44 to launch Kalamsat, Microsat-R". Onmanorama. Retrieved 17 January 2019.Gambrell, Jon (7 February 2019). "Images suggest Iran launched satellite despite US criticism". Associated Press. Retrieved 21 March 2019. <a href="https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/nation/2019/01/16/pslv-c44-launch-kalamsat-microsat-r-jan-24.html" target="_blank">https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/nation/2019/01/16/pslv-c44-launch-kalamsat-microsat-r-jan-24.html</a> <a href="#fnref:53" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:54"><p>Panda, Ankit [@nktpnd] (6 February 2019). "Just got confirmation via a source: USG observed the launch yesterday (Feb. 5). It was reportedly a Safir SLV. Failed shortly after launch. https://t.co/B6ZKNNtoaj" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2023 – via Twitter.IANS (13 August 2018). "Arianespace to launch three more heavy Indian satellites". The Indian Express. Retrieved 16 August 2018. <a href="https://x.com/nktpnd/status/1093261184285822977" target="_blank">https://x.com/nktpnd/status/1093261184285822977</a> <a href="#fnref:54" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:55"><p>Clark, Stephen (12 December 2019). "Launch Schedule". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 13 December 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/launch-schedule/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/launch-schedule/</a> <a href="#fnref:55" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:56"><p>"U.S. Revives Secret Program to Sabotage Iranian Missiles and Rockets". The New York Times. 13 February 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2019.Cooper, Ben (17 October 2019). "Rocket Launch Viewing Guide for Cape Canaveral". Launchphotography.com. Archived from the original on 9 February 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2019. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/13/us/politics/iran-missile-launch-failures.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/13/us/politics/iran-missile-launch-failures.html</a> <a href="#fnref:56" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:57"><p>"Second Iranian satellite launch attempt in a month fails". spaceflightnow.com. 11 February 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2019.Ray, Justin (8 December 2016). "U.S. launches its highest capacity military communications satellite". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 8 December 2016. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/02/11/second-iranian-satellite-launch-attempt-in-a-month-fails/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/02/11/second-iranian-satellite-launch-attempt-in-a-month-fails/</a> <a href="#fnref:57" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:58"><p>Bergin, Chris (5 February 2019). "Ariane 5 launches Hellas-Sat-4/SaudiGeoSat-1 and GSAT 31". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 22 February 2019.Clark, Stephen (27 March 2019). "Chinese startup OneSpace fails in first orbital launch attempt". SpaceFlight Now. Retrieved 29 March 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/02/ariane-5-hellas-sat-4-saudigeosat-1-gsat-31-launch/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/02/ariane-5-hellas-sat-4-saudigeosat-1-gsat-31-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:58" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:59"><p>Panda, Ankit [@nktpnd] (6 February 2019). "Just got confirmation via a source: USG observed the launch yesterday (Feb. 5). It was reportedly a Safir SLV. Failed shortly after launch. https://t.co/B6ZKNNtoaj" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2023 – via Twitter.IANS (13 August 2018). "Arianespace to launch three more heavy Indian satellites". The Indian Express. Retrieved 16 August 2018. <a href="https://x.com/nktpnd/status/1093261184285822977" target="_blank">https://x.com/nktpnd/status/1093261184285822977</a> <a href="#fnref:59" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:60"><p>Clark, Stephen (21 February 2019). "Egyptian observation satellite launched by Russian rocket". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 22 February 2019.Bill Keeter (6 August 2019). "ISS Daily Summary Report – 8/06/2019". NASA. Retrieved 1 September 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/02/21/egyptian-observation-satellite-successfully-launched-by-russian-rocket/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/02/21/egyptian-observation-satellite-successfully-launched-by-russian-rocket/</a> <a href="#fnref:60" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:61"><p>Graham, William (21 February 2019). "SpaceX launches Indonesian satellite launch and Israeli moon mission". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 22 February 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/02/spacex-indonesian-launch-israeli-moon-mission/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/02/spacex-indonesian-launch-israeli-moon-mission/</a> <a href="#fnref:61" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:62"><p>Foust, Jeff (18 December 2018). "SpaceIL completes lunar lander for February launch". SpaceNews. Retrieved 19 December 2018. <a href="https://spacenews.com/spaceil-completes-lunar-lander-for-february-launch/" target="_blank">https://spacenews.com/spaceil-completes-lunar-lander-for-february-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:62" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:63"><p>Winner, Stewart; Solomon, Shoshanna (10 July 2018). "Israeli spacecraft aims for historic moon landing... within months". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 11 July 2018. <a href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/in-first-israeli-spacecraft-set-for-trip-to-the-moon/" target="_blank">https://www.timesofisrael.com/in-first-israeli-spacecraft-set-for-trip-to-the-moon/</a> <a href="#fnref:63" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:64"><p>Foust, Jeff (15 February 2019). "Air Force smallsat to fly on upcoming Falcon 9 launch". SpaceNews. Retrieved 25 November 2022.Krebs, Gunter. "BlackSky Global 1, ..., 60". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 6 August 2019. <a href="https://spacenews.com/air-force-smallsat-to-fly-on-upcoming-falcon-9-launch/" target="_blank">https://spacenews.com/air-force-smallsat-to-fly-on-upcoming-falcon-9-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:64" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:65"><p>Ronel, Asaf (11 July 2018). "First Israeli Spacecraft to Head to Moon on Back of Elon Musk's SpaceX Rocket". Haaretz. Retrieved 15 July 2018. <a href="https://www.haaretz.com/amp/israel-news/.premium-first-israeli-spacecraft-to-the-moon-to-launch-in-december-1.6264356" target="_blank">https://www.haaretz.com/amp/israel-news/.premium-first-israeli-spacecraft-to-the-moon-to-launch-in-december-1.6264356</a> <a href="#fnref:65" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:66"><p>Bergin, Chris (27 February 2019). "OneWeb kick starts massive constellation with Soyuz ST-B launch". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 1 March 2019.Graham, William; Bergin, Chris (25 November 2019). "Soyuz 2-1v lofts mystery military satellite". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 25 November 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/02/oneweb-kick-start-massive-constellation-soyuz-st-b/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/02/oneweb-kick-start-massive-constellation-soyuz-st-b/</a> <a href="#fnref:66" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:67"><p>"OneWeb Makes History as First Launch Mission is Successful". OneWeb (Press release). 28 February 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2022. <a href="https://oneweb.net/resources/oneweb-makes-history-first-launch-mission-successful" target="_blank">https://oneweb.net/resources/oneweb-makes-history-first-launch-mission-successful</a> <a href="#fnref:67" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:68"><p>"U.S. Revives Secret Program to Sabotage Iranian Missiles and Rockets". The New York Times. 13 February 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2019.Cooper, Ben (17 October 2019). "Rocket Launch Viewing Guide for Cape Canaveral". Launchphotography.com. Archived from the original on 9 February 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2019. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/13/us/politics/iran-missile-launch-failures.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/13/us/politics/iran-missile-launch-failures.html</a> <a href="#fnref:68" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:69"><p>"我国成功发射"中星6C"卫星" [Long March 3B/G2 • Zhongxing 6C Satellite]. xinhuanet.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 30 April 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2019.Berger, Eric (15 February 2019). "NASA Moves to Buy More Seats on Soyuz". Ars Technica. Retrieved 30 June 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190430135408/http://www.xinhuanet.com/2019-03/10/c_1124214697.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20190430135408/http://www.xinhuanet.com/2019-03/10/c_1124214697.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:69" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:70"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-3 (Chang Zheng-3)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 10 August 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-3.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-3.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:70" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:71"><p>Pietrobon, Steven (29 November 2019). "Chinese Launch Manifest". Retrieved 29 November 2019. <a href="http://www.sworld.com.au/steven/space/china-man.txt" target="_blank">http://www.sworld.com.au/steven/space/china-man.txt</a> <a href="#fnref:71" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:72"><p>Clark, Stephen (11 March 2019). "Chinese TV broadcasting satellite launched on 300th Long March rocket". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 15 March 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/03/11/chinese-tv-broadcasting-satellite-launched-on-300th-long-march-rocket/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/03/11/chinese-tv-broadcasting-satellite-launched-on-300th-long-march-rocket/</a> <a href="#fnref:72" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:73"><p>Gebhardt, Chris (14 March 2019). "Soyuz MS-12 docks with the Space Station". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 26 August 2019.Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-2 (Chang Zheng-2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 6 November 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/03/russian-americans-soyuz-ms-12-station/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/03/russian-americans-soyuz-ms-12-station/</a> <a href="#fnref:73" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:74"><p>Graham, William (15 March 2019). "ULA Delta IV launches WGS-10 from Cape Canaveral". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 16 March 2019."Next-Stage C4ISR Bandwidth: The AEHF Satellite Program". Defense Industry Daily. 22 May 2015. Retrieved 24 May 2017. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/03/ula-delta-iv-wgs-10-launch-cape-canaveral/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/03/ula-delta-iv-wgs-10-launch-cape-canaveral/</a> <a href="#fnref:74" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:75"><p>"Second Iranian satellite launch attempt in a month fails". spaceflightnow.com. 11 February 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2019.Ray, Justin (8 December 2016). "U.S. launches its highest capacity military communications satellite". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 8 December 2016. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/02/11/second-iranian-satellite-launch-attempt-in-a-month-fails/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/02/11/second-iranian-satellite-launch-attempt-in-a-month-fails/</a> <a href="#fnref:75" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:76"><p>"Arianespace orbits 600th satellite, the PRISMA Earth observation satellite for the Italian Space Agency" (Press release). Arianespace. 21 March 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019. <a href="http://www.arianespace.com/press-release/arianespace-orbits-600th-satellite-the-prisma-earth-observation-satellite-for-the-italian-space-agency/" target="_blank">http://www.arianespace.com/press-release/arianespace-orbits-600th-satellite-the-prisma-earth-observation-satellite-for-the-italian-space-agency/</a> <a href="#fnref:76" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:77"><p>"Arianespace orbits 600th satellite, the PRISMA Earth observation satellite for the Italian Space Agency" (Press release). Arianespace. 21 March 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019. <a href="http://www.arianespace.com/press-release/arianespace-orbits-600th-satellite-the-prisma-earth-observation-satellite-for-the-italian-space-agency/" target="_blank">http://www.arianespace.com/press-release/arianespace-orbits-600th-satellite-the-prisma-earth-observation-satellite-for-the-italian-space-agency/</a> <a href="#fnref:77" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:78"><p>Bergin, Chris (5 February 2019). "Ariane 5 launches Hellas-Sat-4/SaudiGeoSat-1 and GSAT 31". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 22 February 2019.Clark, Stephen (27 March 2019). "Chinese startup OneSpace fails in first orbital launch attempt". SpaceFlight Now. Retrieved 29 March 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/02/ariane-5-hellas-sat-4-saudigeosat-1-gsat-31-launch/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/02/ariane-5-hellas-sat-4-saudigeosat-1-gsat-31-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:78" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:79"><p>Clark, Stephen (29 March 2019). "Rocket Lab launches DARPA research satellite". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 26 August 2019.Gambrell, Jon (31 August 2019). "Mysterious Iran rocket blast draws Trump tweet, Tehran taunt". Associated Press. Retrieved 31 August 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/03/29/rocket-lab-launches-darpa-research-satellite/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/03/29/rocket-lab-launches-darpa-research-satellite/</a> <a href="#fnref:79" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:80"><p>Foust, Jeff (22 January 2019). "Rocket Lab to launch DARPA satellite". SpaceNews. Retrieved 29 January 2019. <a href="https://spacenews.com/rocket-lab-to-launch-darpa-satellite/" target="_blank">https://spacenews.com/rocket-lab-to-launch-darpa-satellite/</a> <a href="#fnref:80" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:81"><p>McDowell, Jonathan [@planet4589] (25 May 2021). "DARPA's R3D2 experimental satellite, launched in 2019, reentered around 1000 UTC May 23, somewhere on a track that passed over the US, the Atlantic and Africa. The 150 kg satellite appears to have undergone natural decay without any significant orbit maneuvers. https://t.co/xqOngKBJU4" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2023 – via Twitter. <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_McDowell" target="_blank">/wiki/Jonathan_McDowell</a> <a href="#fnref:81" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:82"><p>Barbosa, Rui (31 March 2019). "Long March 3B launches Tianlian 2-01". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 6 April 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/03/long-march-3b-tianlian-2-01/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/03/long-march-3b-tianlian-2-01/</a> <a href="#fnref:82" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:83"><p>"Long March 3B/E Y44 Tianlian 2-01 Postcard". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 6 November 2019.Krebs, Gunter. "OHS 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F, 2G, 2H". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 26 December 2018. <a href="https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=47626.0;attach=1554048;image" target="_blank">https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=47626.0;attach=1554048;image</a> <a href="#fnref:83" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:84"><p>Clark, Stephen (1 April 2019). "Indian military satellite, 20 more Planet imaging CubeSats launched by PSL". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 3 June 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/04/01/indian-military-satellite-20-more-planet-imaging-cubesats-aboard-successful-pslv-launch/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/04/01/indian-military-satellite-20-more-planet-imaging-cubesats-aboard-successful-pslv-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:84" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:85"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "PSLV". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 21 October 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/pslv.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/pslv.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:85" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:86"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "EMISAT". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 22 June 2018. <a href="http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/emisat.htm" target="_blank">http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/emisat.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:86" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:87"><p>"ASTROCAST-02". N2YO.com. 19 November 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44083" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44083</a> <a href="#fnref:87" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:88"><p>"AST & Science Announces Successful Launch of Its First Satellite". AST SpaceMobile. Midland, Texas. 23 April 2019. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2022."Upcoming ELaNa CubeSat Launches". NASA. 10 October 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019. <a href="https://ast-science.com/2019/04/23/successful-launch-of-first-satellite/" target="_blank">https://ast-science.com/2019/04/23/successful-launch-of-first-satellite/</a> <a href="#fnref:88" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:89"><p>"BLUEWALKER 1". N2YO.com. 29 November 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44105" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44105</a> <a href="#fnref:89" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:90"><p>Safyan, Mike (6 March 2019). "First Up For 2019: PSLV Launch Of 20 Next Generation Doves". Planet Labs.Garcia, Mark (31 January 2020). "U.S. Cygnus Space Freighter Departs Station After 88 Days". NASA. Retrieved 2 February 2020. <a href="https://www.planet.com/pulse/first-up-for-2019-pslv-launch-of-20-next-generation-doves/" target="_blank">https://www.planet.com/pulse/first-up-for-2019-pslv-launch-of-20-next-generation-doves/</a> <a href="#fnref:90" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:91"><p>"FLOCK 4A 17". N2YO.com. 14 March 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023."Nanoracks Completes 17th Commercial Space Station CubeSat Deployment Mission". NanoRacks. 19 February 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2020. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44088" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44088</a> <a href="#fnref:91" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:92"><p>"FLOCK 4A 10". N2YO.com. 8 August 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.""一箭双星"发射成功 微小卫星研究院首个国际化项目交付" [Dual payload launch successfully delivers the CAS Microsatellite Research Institute's first international satellite order]. Yicai Global (in Chinese). 19 November 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2019. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44097" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44097</a> <a href="#fnref:92" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:93"><p>"LEMUR-2 JOHANLORAN". N2YO.com. 7 March 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44084" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44084</a> <a href="#fnref:93" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:94"><p>"LEMUR-2 BEAUDACIOUS". N2YO.com. 30 June 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44085" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44085</a> <a href="#fnref:94" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:95"><p>"M6P". N2YO.com. 20 July 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023."Arianespace to launch Inmarsat's fifth Global Xpress satellite". Arianespace. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44109" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44109</a> <a href="#fnref:95" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:96"><p>Clark, Stephen (4 April 2019). "Progress cargo freighter docks with space station after fast-track rendezvous". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 6 April 2019.Krebs, Gunter. "ORCA 1,...,8". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 14 August 2022. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/04/04/progress-cargo-freighter-readied-for-fast-track-space-station-delivery/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/04/04/progress-cargo-freighter-readied-for-fast-track-space-station-delivery/</a> <a href="#fnref:96" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:97"><p>"Arianespace completes deployment of O3b constellation on fifth mission for operator SES". Arianespace (Press release). 4 April 2019. Retrieved 3 June 2019. <a href="http://www.arianespace.com/press-release/arianespace-completes-deployment-of-o3b-constellation-on-fifth-mission-for-operator-ses/" target="_blank">http://www.arianespace.com/press-release/arianespace-completes-deployment-of-o3b-constellation-on-fifth-mission-for-operator-ses/</a> <a href="#fnref:97" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:98"><p>Graham, William (11 April 2019). "SpaceX Falcon Heavy launches Arabsat-6A". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 12 April 2019.Krebs, Gunter. "RISAT 2B, 2BR1, 2BR2". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 12 September 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/04/spacex-falcon-heavy-second-launch-arabsat-6a/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/04/spacex-falcon-heavy-second-launch-arabsat-6a/</a> <a href="#fnref:98" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:99"><p>Clark, Stephen (29 April 2015). "Arabsat contracts go to Lockheed Martin, Arianespace and SpaceX". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 15 September 2018. <a href="http://spaceflightnow.com/2015/04/29/arabsat-contracts-go-to-lockheed-martin-arianespace-and-spacex/" target="_blank">http://spaceflightnow.com/2015/04/29/arabsat-contracts-go-to-lockheed-martin-arianespace-and-spacex/</a> <a href="#fnref:99" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:100"><p>Gebhardt, Chris (17 April 2019). "Antares, Cygnus launch on final CRS1 contract flight; debuting critical new capabilities". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 3 June 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/04/antares-cygnus-final-crs1-contract-flight-new-capabilities/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/04/antares-cygnus-final-crs1-contract-flight-new-capabilities/</a> <a href="#fnref:100" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:101"><p>"AEROCUBE 10A (JIMSAT)". N2YO.com. 4 May 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.National Aeronautics and Space Administration (November 2019). "Orbital Debris Quarterly News" (PDF). Space News. Retrieved 4 February 2020. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44485" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44485</a> <a href="#fnref:101" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:102"><p>"AEROCUBE 10B (DOUGSAT)". N2YO.com. 15 May 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44484" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44484</a> <a href="#fnref:102" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:103"><p>"ENTRYSAT". N2YO.com. 10 August 2021. Retrieved 2 December 2023. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44429#results" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44429#results</a> <a href="#fnref:103" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:104"><p>"Orbital Micro Systems' IOD-1 GEMS Satellite Celebrates First Year in Orbit". Orbital Micro Systems (Press release). 13 July 2020. Retrieved 5 April 2021 – via Associated Press. <a href="https://apnews.com/press-release/accesswire/a2bf7e982ac410063f34d16e462443ae" target="_blank">https://apnews.com/press-release/accesswire/a2bf7e982ac410063f34d16e462443ae</a> <a href="#fnref:104" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:105"><p>McDowell, Jonathan [@planet4589] (5 April 2021). "The IOD-1 GEMS satellite reentered over the Gulf of Aden around 1411 UTC Apr 3. IOD-1 GEMS was a cubesat for the Satellite Apps Catapult in Harwell and tested a microwave radiometer for Orbital Micro Systems" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 16 November 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2023 – via Twitter. <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_McDowell" target="_blank">/wiki/Jonathan_McDowell</a> <a href="#fnref:105" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:106"><p>"KRAKSAT". N2YO.com. 17 January 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2022. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44427" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44427</a> <a href="#fnref:106" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:107"><p>Kubera, Alicja; Markowski, Dominik; Życzkowski, Jan (10 December 2019). "KRAKsat Lessons Learned". ResearchGate. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.14725.50408. Retrieved 30 January 2022. <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337874738" target="_blank">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337874738</a> <a href="#fnref:107" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:108"><p>"NEPALISAT1 - Norad 44331U". Satview. Retrieved 8 October 2021. <a href="https://www.satview.org/?sat_id=44331U" target="_blank">https://www.satview.org/?sat_id=44331U</a> <a href="#fnref:108" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:109"><p>"Quantum-Radar 3". NASA. Retrieved 31 March 2023. <a href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2019-022F" target="_blank">https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2019-022F</a> <a href="#fnref:109" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:110"><p>"QUANTUM-RADAR 3". N2YO.com. 7 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44416" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44416</a> <a href="#fnref:110" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:111"><p>"RAAVANA 1 - Norad 44329U". Satview. Retrieved 8 October 2021. <a href="https://www.satview.org/?sat_id=44329U" target="_blank">https://www.satview.org/?sat_id=44329U</a> <a href="#fnref:111" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:112"><p>"ANTARES R/B". N2YO.com. Retrieved 17 April 2020. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44206" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44206</a> <a href="#fnref:112" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:113"><p>"CubeSat: Mission Accomplished" (PDF). Aerospace Engineering Newsletter. Grainger College of Engineering. 2019. p. 17. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 17 April 2020. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200417220412/https://aerospace.illinois.edu/sites/default/files/docs/2019_AE%20annual%202019.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20200417220412/https://aerospace.illinois.edu/sites/default/files/docs/2019_AE%20annual%202019.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:113" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:114"><p>"SPOOQY1". N2YO.com. Retrieved 27 October 2021. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44332" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44332</a> <a href="#fnref:114" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:115"><p>"Quantum Entanglement Demonstrated Aboard Orbiting CubeSat". Photonics Media. 1 July 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2021. <a href="https://www.photonics.com/Articles/Quantum_Entanglement_Demonstrated_Aboard_Orbiting/a65910" target="_blank">https://www.photonics.com/Articles/Quantum_Entanglement_Demonstrated_Aboard_Orbiting/a65910</a> <a href="#fnref:115" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:116"><p>"SWIATOWID". N2YO.com. Retrieved 27 October 2021. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44426" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44426</a> <a href="#fnref:116" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:117"><p>"ANTARES R/B". N2YO.com. Retrieved 17 April 2020. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44206" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44206</a> <a href="#fnref:117" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:118"><p>"ThinSat Program". Virginia Space. April 2019. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 17 April 2020. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200418141431/http://www.vaspace.org/index.php/thinsat-program" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20200418141431/http://www.vaspace.org/index.php/thinsat-program</a> <a href="#fnref:118" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:119"><p>"UGUISU - Norad 44330U". Satview. Retrieved 8 October 2021. <a href="https://www.satview.org/?sat_id=44330U" target="_blank">https://www.satview.org/?sat_id=44330U</a> <a href="#fnref:119" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:120"><p>"VCC A". N2YO.com. Retrieved 27 October 2021. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44428" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44428</a> <a href="#fnref:120" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:121"><p>"VCC B". N2YO.com. Retrieved 27 October 2021. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44431" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44431</a> <a href="#fnref:121" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:122"><p>"VCC C". N2YO.com. Retrieved 27 October 2021. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44430" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44430</a> <a href="#fnref:122" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:123"><p>Malik, Tariq (18 April 2019). "Antares Rocket Launches Cygnus Cargo Ship on Marathon Mission for NASA". Space.com. Retrieved 17 April 2020.Clark, Stephen (19 January 2019). "Blue Origin aims to launch delayed New Shepard flight Monday". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 20 January 2019. <a href="https://www.space.com/antares-rocket-cygnus-ng-11-cargo-launch-success.html" target="_blank">https://www.space.com/antares-rocket-cygnus-ng-11-cargo-launch-success.html</a> <a href="#fnref:123" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:124"><p>Clark, Stephen (21 February 2019). "Egyptian observation satellite launched by Russian rocket". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 22 February 2019.Bill Keeter (6 August 2019). "ISS Daily Summary Report – 8/06/2019". NASA. Retrieved 1 September 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/02/21/egyptian-observation-satellite-successfully-launched-by-russian-rocket/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/02/21/egyptian-observation-satellite-successfully-launched-by-russian-rocket/</a> <a href="#fnref:124" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:125"><p>"Going Into Action With AeroCube-10". The Aerospace Corporation. 7 August 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2019. <a href="https://aerospace.org/article/going-action-aerocube-10" target="_blank">https://aerospace.org/article/going-action-aerocube-10</a> <a href="#fnref:125" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:126"><p>Gargioni, Gustavo; Hitefield, Seth; Avagyan, Hovhannes; Angle, Nick; Du, Minzhen; Brown, Gavin; Clegg, Bryce; Brodnax, Madison; Noel, Stephen; Leffke, Zachary; Shinpaugh, Kevin A.; Black, Jonathan (March 2020). "VCC Ceres: Challenges and Lessons Learned in an Undergraduate CubeSat Project". 2020 IEEE Aerospace Conference. 2020 IEEE Aerospace Conference. pp. 1–11. doi:10.1109/AERO47225.2020.9172353. ISBN 978-1-7281-2734-7. Retrieved 27 October 2021. <a href="978-1-7281-2734-7" target="_blank">978-1-7281-2734-7</a> <a href="#fnref:126" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:127"><p>Krebs, Gunter (1 January 2021). "VCC A, B, C (Aeternitas, Libertas, Ceres)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 27 October 2021. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/vcc.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/vcc.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:127" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:128"><p>Barbosa, Rui (20 April 2019). "Beidou-3 navigation satellite launched on Long March 3B". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 21 April 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/04/beidou-3g2q-navigation-long-march-3b/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/04/beidou-3g2q-navigation-long-march-3b/</a> <a href="#fnref:128" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:129"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-3 (Chang Zheng-3)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 10 August 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-3.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-3.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:129" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:130"><p>Clark, Stephen (30 April 2019). "China launches mapping satellites". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 30 April 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/04/30/china-launches-mapping-satellites/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/04/30/china-launches-mapping-satellites/</a> <a href="#fnref:130" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:131"><p>"Long March 4B Y36 Tianhui 2 Postcard". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 6 November 2019. <a href="https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=48062.0;attach=1558628;image" target="_blank">https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=48062.0;attach=1558628;image</a> <a href="#fnref:131" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:132"><p>Thompson, Amy (4 May 2019). "SpaceX Dragon Launches NASA Cargo to Space Station, Aces Predawn Rocket Landing". Space.com. Retrieved 4 May 2019. <a href="https://www.space.com/spacex-dragon-predawn-launch-landing-success-crs17.html" target="_blank">https://www.space.com/spacex-dragon-predawn-launch-landing-success-crs17.html</a> <a href="#fnref:132" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:133"><p>Krebs, Gunter (29 July 2022). "Red-Eye 1, 2, 3 (Pinot, Merlot, Cabernet)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 18 August 2022. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/red-eye.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/red-eye.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:133" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:134"><p>"PINOT". N2YO.com. 24 July 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2022. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44364" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44364</a> <a href="#fnref:134" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:135"><p>Nanoracks [@Nanoracks] (27 June 2019). "Our #Kaber @Space_Station deployer does it again! The RED-EYE #MicroSat has been released into low-Earth orbit. Deploy time of 20:05:02 GMT. Did you know - this is NanoRacks' fourth #MicroSat deployment from the #ISS!" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2023 – via Twitter. <a href="/wiki/Nanoracks" target="_blank">/wiki/Nanoracks</a> <a href="#fnref:135" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:136"><p>Atkinson, Ian (5 May 2019). "Rocket Lab launches STP-27RD test satellite trio for the DoD". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 6 May 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/05/rocket-lab-launch-stp-27rd-test-satellite-trio-dod/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/05/rocket-lab-launch-stp-27rd-test-satellite-trio-dod/</a> <a href="#fnref:136" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:137"><p>"SPARC-1". N2YO.com. 26 June 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2023. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44226" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44226</a> <a href="#fnref:137" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:138"><p>Barbosa, Rui (17 May 2019). "Long March-3C lofts Beidou-2G8 (GEO-8)". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 26 May 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/05/long-march-3c-beidou-2g8-geo-8/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/05/long-march-3c-beidou-2g8-geo-8/</a> <a href="#fnref:138" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:139"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-3 (Chang Zheng-3)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 10 August 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-3.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-3.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:139" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:140"><p>Graham, William (21 May 2019). "Indian PSLV rocket launches RISAT-2B". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 3 June 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/05/indian-pslv-rocket-risat-2b/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/05/indian-pslv-rocket-risat-2b/</a> <a href="#fnref:140" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:141"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "PSLV". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 21 October 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/pslv.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/pslv.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:141" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:142"><p>Clark, Stephen (23 May 2019). "Chinese state media confirms Long March launch failure". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 26 May 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/05/23/long-march-4c-yaogan-33-launch/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/05/23/long-march-4c-yaogan-33-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:142" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:143"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-4 (Chang Zheng-4)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 10 August 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-4.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-4.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:143" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:144"><p>Henry, Caleb (23 May 2019). "SpaceX launches 60 Starlink satellites, begins constellation buildout". SpaceNews. Retrieved 26 May 2019. <a href="https://spacenews.com/spacex-launches-60-starlink-satellites-begins-constellation-buildout/" target="_blank">https://spacenews.com/spacex-launches-60-starlink-satellites-begins-constellation-buildout/</a> <a href="#fnref:144" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:145"><p>McDowell, Jonathan (24 October 2022). "Starlink V0.9 (Launch 1)". Jonathan's Space Report. Archived from the original on 26 October 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2022. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221026212350/https://planet4589.org/space/stats/star/spl01/index.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20221026212350/https://planet4589.org/space/stats/star/spl01/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:145" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:146"><p>Graham, William (27 May 2019). "Soyuz 2-1b launches latest GLONASS-M satellite – despite being hit by lightning". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 27 May 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/05/soyuz-2-1b-glonass-m-satellite-758/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/05/soyuz-2-1b-glonass-m-satellite-758/</a> <a href="#fnref:146" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:147"><p>Graham, William (30 May 2019). "Proton-M successfully launches Yamal 601 to GEO". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 3 June 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/05/proton-m-yamal-601-launch-geo/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/05/proton-m-yamal-601-launch-geo/</a> <a href="#fnref:147" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:148"><p>Clark, Stephen (5 June 2019). "China's first sea launch declared a success". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 26 August 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/06/05/chinas-first-sea-launch-declared-a-success/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/06/05/chinas-first-sea-launch-declared-a-success/</a> <a href="#fnref:148" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:149"><p>"China's Orbital Launch Activity 2020" (PDF). Bryce Space and Technology. 27 May 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2020. <a href="https://docs.google.com/gview?url=https://brycetech.com/reports/report-documents/China_Orbital_Launch_Activity_2020.pdf" target="_blank">https://docs.google.com/gview?url=https://brycetech.com/reports/report-documents/China_Orbital_Launch_Activity_2020.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:149" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:150"><p>Krebs, Gunter (7 December 2019). "Tianqi 1, 2, 3, 4A, 4B (Tao Xingzhi)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 7 December 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/tianqi-1.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/tianqi-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:150" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:151"><p>Graham, William (12 June 2019). "SpaceX Falcon 9 lofts three Canadian radar satellites". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 26 August 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/06/spacex-falcon-9-set-to-loft-three-canadian-radar-satellites/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/06/spacex-falcon-9-set-to-loft-three-canadian-radar-satellites/</a> <a href="#fnref:151" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:152"><p>Ferster, Warren (30 July 2013). "SpaceX Announces Contract To Launch RCM Satellites". SpaceNews. Archived from the original on 11 August 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2014. <a href="https://archive.today/20140811203552/http://www.spacenews.com/article/launch-report/36534spacex-announces-contract-to-launch-rcm-satellites" target="_blank">https://archive.today/20140811203552/http://www.spacenews.com/article/launch-report/36534spacex-announces-contract-to-launch-rcm-satellites</a> <a href="#fnref:152" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:153"><p>"What is the RCM?". Canadian Space Agency. 18 February 2011. Retrieved 7 March 2019. <a href="http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/radarsat/what-is-rcm.asp" target="_blank">http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/radarsat/what-is-rcm.asp</a> <a href="#fnref:153" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:154"><p>Bergin, Chris (20 June 2019). "Ariane 5 launches AT&T T-16 and Eutelsat 7C". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 26 August 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/06/ariane-5-att-t-16-eutelsat-7c/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/06/ariane-5-att-t-16-eutelsat-7c/</a> <a href="#fnref:154" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:155"><p>"Payload processing is underway for Flight VA248". Arianespace. 5 June 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2019. <a href="http://www.arianespace.com/mission-update/va248-payload-processing/" target="_blank">http://www.arianespace.com/mission-update/va248-payload-processing/</a> <a href="#fnref:155" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:156"><p>Clark, Stephen (24 June 2019). "China adds to Beidou fleet with Long March launch". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 26 August 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/06/24/china-adds-to-beidou-fleet-with-long-march-launch/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/06/24/china-adds-to-beidou-fleet-with-long-march-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:156" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:157"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-3 (Chang Zheng-3)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 10 August 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-3.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-3.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:157" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:158"><p>Barbosa, Rui C. (24 June 2019). "Chinese Long March 3B lofts Beidou-3I2". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 26 August 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/06/chinese-long-march-3b-lofts-beidou-3i2/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/06/chinese-long-march-3b-lofts-beidou-3i2/</a> <a href="#fnref:158" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:159"><p>Clark, Stephen (25 June 2019). "Falcon Heavy launches on military-led rideshare mission, boat catches fairing". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 26 August 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/06/25/falcon-heavy-launches-on-military-led-rideshare-mission-boat-catches-fairing/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/06/25/falcon-heavy-launches-on-military-led-rideshare-mission-boat-catches-fairing/</a> <a href="#fnref:159" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:160"><p>Davis, Jason (1 February 2018). "Preview: Succeed or fail, SpaceX's Falcon Heavy test sure to be a blast". Planetary Society. Retrieved 2 February 2018. <a href="http://planetary.org/blogs/jason-davis/2018/20180201-falcon-heavy-demo-preview.html" target="_blank">http://planetary.org/blogs/jason-davis/2018/20180201-falcon-heavy-demo-preview.html</a> <a href="#fnref:160" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:161"><p>Erwin, Sandra (19 July 2021). "Air Force satellite completes two-year experiment to study the medium Earth orbit environment". SpaceNews. Retrieved 19 July 2021. <a href="https://spacenews.com/air-force-satellite-completes-two-year-experiment-to-study-the-medium-earth-orbit-environment/" target="_blank">https://spacenews.com/air-force-satellite-completes-two-year-experiment-to-study-the-medium-earth-orbit-environment/</a> <a href="#fnref:161" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:162"><p>"GPIM". N2YO.com. Retrieved 16 October 2020. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44342" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44342</a> <a href="#fnref:162" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:163"><p>"OCULUS-ASR". N2YO.com. 23 February 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44348" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44348</a> <a href="#fnref:163" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:164"><p>"ARMADILLO". N2YO.com. 23 August 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44352" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44352</a> <a href="#fnref:164" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:165"><p>"BRICSAT 2 (NO-103)". N2YO.com. 20 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44355" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44355</a> <a href="#fnref:165" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:166"><p>"BRICSAT2 (USNAP1)". United States Naval Academy. Retrieved 13 September 2020. <a href="http://aprs.org/bricsat2.html" target="_blank">http://aprs.org/bricsat2.html</a> <a href="#fnref:166" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:167"><p>"ISS to change orbit to avoid space debris". TASS. 12 September 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2020. <a href="https://tass.com/science/1200103" target="_blank">https://tass.com/science/1200103</a> <a href="#fnref:167" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:168"><p>"TBEX-A". N2YO.com. Retrieved 27 October 2021. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44356" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44356</a> <a href="#fnref:168" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:169"><p>"TBEX-B". N2YO.com. Retrieved 27 October 2021. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44359" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44359</a> <a href="#fnref:169" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:170"><p>"FALCONSAT-7". N2YO.com. 2 July 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2021. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44347" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44347</a> <a href="#fnref:170" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:171"><p>McDowell, Jonathan [@planet4589] (8 July 2021). "The US Air Force Academy's Falconsat-7 cubesat, launched in 2019, reentered on Jul 2. My understanding is that the cubesat never operated successfully (correct me if I'm wrong, USAFA folks!)" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 6 September 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2023 – via Twitter. <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_McDowell" target="_blank">/wiki/Jonathan_McDowell</a> <a href="#fnref:171" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:172"><p>"CP-9 LEO". N2YO.com. Retrieved 2 November 2021. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44360" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44360</a> <a href="#fnref:172" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:173"><p>Davis, Jason (17 November 2022). "LightSail 2 completes mission with atmospheric reentry". The Planetary Society. Retrieved 17 November 2022. <a href="https://www.planetary.org/articles/lightsail-2-completes-mission" target="_blank">https://www.planetary.org/articles/lightsail-2-completes-mission</a> <a href="#fnref:173" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:174"><p>"PSAT 2 (NO-104)". N2YO.com. 15 February 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44354" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44354</a> <a href="#fnref:174" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:175"><p>"TEPCE". N2YO.com. Retrieved 16 October 2020. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44346" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44346</a> <a href="#fnref:175" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:176"><p>Clark, Stephen (29 June 2019). "Rocket Lab flies again from New Zealand as work progresses at Virginia launch pad". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 26 August 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/06/29/rocket-lab-flies-again-from-new-zealand-as-construction-advances-at-virginia-launch-pad/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/06/29/rocket-lab-flies-again-from-new-zealand-as-construction-advances-at-virginia-launch-pad/</a> <a href="#fnref:176" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:177"><p>Foust, Jeff (15 February 2019). "Air Force smallsat to fly on upcoming Falcon 9 launch". SpaceNews. Retrieved 25 November 2022.Krebs, Gunter. "BlackSky Global 1, ..., 60". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 6 August 2019. <a href="https://spacenews.com/air-force-smallsat-to-fly-on-upcoming-falcon-9-launch/" target="_blank">https://spacenews.com/air-force-smallsat-to-fly-on-upcoming-falcon-9-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:177" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:178"><p>"ACRUX 1". N2YO.com. 17 June 2022. Retrieved 9 July 2022. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44369" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44369</a> <a href="#fnref:178" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:179"><p>Krebs, Gunter (22 July 2019). "Painani 1". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 5 August 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/painani-1.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/painani-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:179" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:180"><p>"PAINANI 1". N2YO.com. 14 January 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2023. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44365" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44365</a> <a href="#fnref:180" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:181"><p>"PROMETHEUS 2-7". N2YO.com. 20 May 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2022. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44374" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44374</a> <a href="#fnref:181" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:182"><p>"PROMETHEUS 2-9". N2YO.com. 6 June 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2022. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44366" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44366</a> <a href="#fnref:182" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:183"><p>"SPACEBEE-8". N2YO.com. 26 April 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2021. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44371" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44371</a> <a href="#fnref:183" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:184"><p>"SPACEBEE-9". N2YO.com. 16 December 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2021. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44370" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44370</a> <a href="#fnref:184" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:185"><p>Graham, William (4 July 2019). "Soyuz-2-1B launches Meteor-M No.2-2 and numerous secondary payloads". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 26 August 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/07/soyuz-2-1b-launch-meteor-m-no-2-2/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/07/soyuz-2-1b-launch-meteor-m-no-2-2/</a> <a href="#fnref:185" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:186"><p>Zak, Anatoly (5 July 2019). "Soyuz launches fresh Meteor weather watcher and 32 small satellites". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved 10 July 2019. <a href="http://russianspaceweb.com/meteor-m2-2.html" target="_blank">http://russianspaceweb.com/meteor-m2-2.html</a> <a href="#fnref:186" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:187"><p>Zak, Anatoly (5 July 2019). "Soyuz launches fresh Meteor weather watcher and 32 small satellites". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved 10 July 2019. <a href="http://russianspaceweb.com/meteor-m2-2.html" target="_blank">http://russianspaceweb.com/meteor-m2-2.html</a> <a href="#fnref:187" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:188"><p>Wang, Brian (19 April 2019). "Momentus Water-Plasma Space Transportation Service #SpaceAccess2019". Nextbigfuture. Retrieved 28 May 2019. <a href="https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2019/04/momentus-water-plasma-space-transportation-service-spaceaccess2019.html" target="_blank">https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2019/04/momentus-water-plasma-space-transportation-service-spaceaccess2019.html</a> <a href="#fnref:188" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:189"><p>Foust, Jeff (13 July 2021). "Stable Road and Momentus reach SEC settlement over false claims". SpaceNews. Retrieved 14 July 2021. <a href="https://spacenews.com/stable-road-and-momentus-reach-sec-settlement-over-false-claims/" target="_blank">https://spacenews.com/stable-road-and-momentus-reach-sec-settlement-over-false-claims/</a> <a href="#fnref:189" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:190"><p>"MOVE: Munich Orbital Verification Experiment". Technical University of Munich. Retrieved 28 May 2019. <a href="https://www.move2space.de/" target="_blank">https://www.move2space.de/</a> <a href="#fnref:190" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:191"><p>Zak, Anatoly (5 July 2019). "Soyuz launches fresh Meteor weather watcher and 32 small satellites". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved 10 July 2019. <a href="http://russianspaceweb.com/meteor-m2-2.html" target="_blank">http://russianspaceweb.com/meteor-m2-2.html</a> <a href="#fnref:191" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:192"><p>Graham, William (10 July 2019). "Soyuz 2-1v conducts surprise military launch". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 11 July 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/07/soyuz-2-1v-surprise-military-launch/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/07/soyuz-2-1v-surprise-military-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:192" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:193"><p>Zak, Anatoly (23 August 2019). "Soyuz-2-1v launches four classified payloads". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved 25 November 2019. <a href="http://www.russianspaceweb.com/Cosmos-2535-2536-2537-2538.html" target="_blank">http://www.russianspaceweb.com/Cosmos-2535-2536-2537-2538.html</a> <a href="#fnref:193" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:194"><p>Bergin, Chris (27 February 2019). "OneWeb kick starts massive constellation with Soyuz ST-B launch". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 1 March 2019.Graham, William; Bergin, Chris (25 November 2019). "Soyuz 2-1v lofts mystery military satellite". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 25 November 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/02/oneweb-kick-start-massive-constellation-soyuz-st-b/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/02/oneweb-kick-start-massive-constellation-soyuz-st-b/</a> <a href="#fnref:194" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:195"><p>Sohail, Daniyal (10 July 2019). "Russia Launches 4 Military Satellites From Plesetsk Cosmodrome". UrduPoint. Retrieved 11 July 2019. <a href="https://www.urdupoint.com/en/technology/russia-launches-4-military-satellites-from-pl-666465.html" target="_blank">https://www.urdupoint.com/en/technology/russia-launches-4-military-satellites-from-pl-666465.html</a> <a href="#fnref:195" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:196"><p>"COSMOS 2537". N2YO.com. 7 October 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44423" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44423</a> <a href="#fnref:196" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:197"><p>Bergin, Chris (10 July 2019). "Vega suffers her first failure during Falcon Eye-1 launch". Retrieved 26 August 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/07/vega-suffers-her-first-failure-during-falcon-eye-1-launch/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/07/vega-suffers-her-first-failure-during-falcon-eye-1-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:197" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:198"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "Falcon Eye 1, 2". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 24 September 2018. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/falcon-eye-1.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/falcon-eye-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:198" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:199"><p>Bergin, Chris (10 July 2019). "Vega suffers her first failure during Falcon Eye-1 launch". Retrieved 26 August 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/07/vega-suffers-her-first-failure-during-falcon-eye-1-launch/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/07/vega-suffers-her-first-failure-during-falcon-eye-1-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:199" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:200"><p>Henry, Caleb; Berger, Brian (5 September 2019). "Second stage blamed as Vega targets early 2020 return to flight". SpaceNews.com. SpaceNews. SpaceNews. Retrieved 6 September 2019. <a href="https://spacenews.com/arianespace-aims-to-return-vega-to-flight-in-early-2020-after-investigation-pins-july-failure-on-rockets-second-stage/" target="_blank">https://spacenews.com/arianespace-aims-to-return-vega-to-flight-in-early-2020-after-investigation-pins-july-failure-on-rockets-second-stage/</a> <a href="#fnref:200" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:201"><p>Clark, Stephen (13 July 2019). "Russia launches international X-ray astronomy mission". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 26 August 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/07/13/russia-launches-international-x-ray-astronomy-mission/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/07/13/russia-launches-international-x-ray-astronomy-mission/</a> <a href="#fnref:201" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:202"><p>Zak, Anatoly. "Spektr-RG to expand horizons of X-ray astronomy". Russian Space Web. Retrieved 9 March 2017. <a href="http://www.russianspaceweb.com/spektr_rg.html" target="_blank">http://www.russianspaceweb.com/spektr_rg.html</a> <a href="#fnref:202" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:203"><p>"Spektr-RG observatory reached the L2 point". Roscosmos. 21 October 2019. Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191021180559/http://en.roscosmos.ru/21035/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20191021180559/http://en.roscosmos.ru/21035/</a> <a href="#fnref:203" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:204"><p>Gebhardt, Chris (20 July 2019). "Soyuz-FG on penultimate flight delivers three new crewmembers for ISS". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 26 August 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/07/soyuz-fg-penultimate-flight-three-iss/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/07/soyuz-fg-penultimate-flight-three-iss/</a> <a href="#fnref:204" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:205"><p>"我国成功发射"中星6C"卫星" [Long March 3B/G2 • Zhongxing 6C Satellite]. xinhuanet.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 30 April 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2019.Berger, Eric (15 February 2019). "NASA Moves to Buy More Seats on Soyuz". Ars Technica. Retrieved 30 June 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190430135408/http://www.xinhuanet.com/2019-03/10/c_1124214697.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20190430135408/http://www.xinhuanet.com/2019-03/10/c_1124214697.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:205" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:206"><p>"GSLV MkIII-M1 Successfully Launches Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft". Indian Space Research Organisation. 22 July 2019. Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191212123035/https://www.isro.gov.in/update/22-jul-2019/gslv-mkiii-m1-successfully-launches-chandrayaan-2-spacecraft" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20191212123035/https://www.isro.gov.in/update/22-jul-2019/gslv-mkiii-m1-successfully-launches-chandrayaan-2-spacecraft</a> <a href="#fnref:206" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:207"><p>"Chandrayaan – 2 Latest Update – ISRO". www.isro.gov.in. Archived from the original on 8 September 2019. Retrieved 7 September 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190908052939/https://www.isro.gov.in/update/07-sep-2019/chandrayaan-2-latest-update" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20190908052939/https://www.isro.gov.in/update/07-sep-2019/chandrayaan-2-latest-update</a> <a href="#fnref:207" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:208"><p>Clark, Stephen (25 July 2019). "Chinese private company reaches orbit for first time". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 26 August 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/07/25/chinese-private-company-reaches-orbit-for-first-time/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/07/25/chinese-private-company-reaches-orbit-for-first-time/</a> <a href="#fnref:208" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:209"><p>"CAS-7B to launch July 25". AMSAT-UK. 8 July 2019. Retrieved 19 July 2019. <a href="https://amsat-uk.org/2019/07/08/cas-7b-launch/" target="_blank">https://amsat-uk.org/2019/07/08/cas-7b-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:209" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:210"><p>"CAS 7B". N2YO.com. Retrieved 12 August 2019. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44443" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44443</a> <a href="#fnref:210" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:211"><p>Todd, David (25 July 2019). "Chinese commercial launch firm iSpace launches cubesats on its Hyperbola-1 rocket". Seradata. Retrieved 2 June 2024. <a href="https://www.seradata.com/chinese-commercial-launch-firm-ispace-launches-cubesats-on-its-hyperbola-1-rocket/" target="_blank">https://www.seradata.com/chinese-commercial-launch-firm-ispace-launches-cubesats-on-its-hyperbola-1-rocket/</a> <a href="#fnref:211" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:212"><p>Krebs, Gunter Dirk. "(Hyperbola Stage 4 payloads)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 24 June 2024. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/hyperbola-stg4-payloads.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/hyperbola-stg4-payloads.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:212" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:213"><p>Huang, Echo (25 July 2019). "iSpace achieves China's first private rocket launch". Quartz. Retrieved 25 July 2019."Lingque 1A". NASA. Retrieved 23 February 2019. <a href="https://qz.com/1674426/ispace-to-attempt-chinas-third-private-rocket-launch/" target="_blank">https://qz.com/1674426/ispace-to-attempt-chinas-third-private-rocket-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:213" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:214"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "Shian Quxian-1 (SQX-1, Hyperbola-1)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 25 July 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/shian-quxian-1.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/shian-quxian-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:214" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:215"><p>Clark, Stephen (25 July 2019). "New docking port, spacesuit and supplies en route to space station". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 26 August 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/07/25/new-docking-port-spacesuit-and-supplies-en-route-to-space-station/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/07/25/new-docking-port-spacesuit-and-supplies-en-route-to-space-station/</a> <a href="#fnref:215" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:216"><p>Jodi Sorensen (10 July 2019). "Spaceflight to Launch Multiple Spacecraft from International Space Station via Cygnus". Spaceflight Industries. Retrieved 1 September 2019. <a href="https://spaceflight.com/spaceflight-to-launch-multiple-spacecraft-from-international-space-station-via-cygnus/" target="_blank">https://spaceflight.com/spaceflight-to-launch-multiple-spacecraft-from-international-space-station-via-cygnus/</a> <a href="#fnref:216" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:217"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "ORCA". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 1 September 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/orca.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/orca.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:217" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:218"><p>Clark, Stephen (21 February 2019). "Egyptian observation satellite launched by Russian rocket". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 22 February 2019.Bill Keeter (6 August 2019). "ISS Daily Summary Report – 8/06/2019". NASA. Retrieved 1 September 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/02/21/egyptian-observation-satellite-successfully-launched-by-russian-rocket/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/02/21/egyptian-observation-satellite-successfully-launched-by-russian-rocket/</a> <a href="#fnref:218" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:219"><p>Barbosa, Rui C. (25 July 2019). "Long March 2C lofts Yaogan-30 Group 05 satellites". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 26 August 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/07/long-march-2c-yaogan-30-group-05-satellites/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/07/long-march-2c-yaogan-30-group-05-satellites/</a> <a href="#fnref:219" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:220"><p>Gebhardt, Chris (14 March 2019). "Soyuz MS-12 docks with the Space Station". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 26 August 2019.Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-2 (Chang Zheng-2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 6 November 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/03/russian-americans-soyuz-ms-12-station/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/03/russian-americans-soyuz-ms-12-station/</a> <a href="#fnref:220" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:221"><p>Gebhardt, Chris (14 March 2019). "Soyuz MS-12 docks with the Space Station". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 26 August 2019.Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-2 (Chang Zheng-2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 6 November 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/03/russian-americans-soyuz-ms-12-station/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/03/russian-americans-soyuz-ms-12-station/</a> <a href="#fnref:221" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:222"><p>Zhou, Weirong; Zhu, Xiaoxiong (26 July 2019). "【权威发布】我国成功发射遥感三十号05组卫星" [[Authoritative release] China has successfully launched Yaogan 30 group 05 satellites]. People's Liberation Army Daily (in Chinese). Retrieved 26 July 2019. <a href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/i1JXtAs0773PoT6AWWr1pA" target="_blank">https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/i1JXtAs0773PoT6AWWr1pA</a> <a href="#fnref:222" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:223"><p>"长二丙"一箭三星"成功发射 五战五捷送遥感三十号卫星" [Long March 2C successfully launches Yaogan 30 group 5 remote sensing satellites]. CALT (in Chinese). 26 July 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2019. <a href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/ClQZiKs24lzolKgFpmDjVQ" target="_blank">https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/ClQZiKs24lzolKgFpmDjVQ</a> <a href="#fnref:223" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:224"><p>Graham, William (30 July 2019). "Soyuz 2-1a launches Meridian 8 out of Plesetsk". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 30 July 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/07/soyuz-2-1a-launches-meridian-8-plesetsk/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/07/soyuz-2-1a-launches-meridian-8-plesetsk/</a> <a href="#fnref:224" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:225"><p>Gebhardt, Chris (30 July 2019). "Progress MS-12 docks with ISS to restock Station supplies through early-2020". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 31 July 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/07/progress-ms-12-restock-station-through-early-2020/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/07/progress-ms-12-restock-station-through-early-2020/</a> <a href="#fnref:225" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:226"><p>Graham, William (5 August 2019). "Proton-M launches fourth Blagovest satellite". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 5 August 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/proton-m-launches-fourth-blagovest-satellte/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/proton-m-launches-fourth-blagovest-satellte/</a> <a href="#fnref:226" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:227"><p>Graham, William (5 August 2019). "Proton-M launches fourth Blagovest satellite". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 5 August 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/proton-m-launches-fourth-blagovest-satellte/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/proton-m-launches-fourth-blagovest-satellte/</a> <a href="#fnref:227" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:228"><p>Gray, Tyler (6 August 2019). "Arianespace press onward with dual-passenger Ariane 5 launch". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 6 August 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/arianespace-onward-dual-passenger-ariane-5-launch/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/arianespace-onward-dual-passenger-ariane-5-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:228" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:229"><p>"Arianespace selected by Airbus Defence and Space to launch EDRS-C satellite". Arianespace. 19 March 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2015. <a href="http://www.arianespace.com/press-release/arianespace-selected-by-airbus-defence-and-space-to-launch-edrs-c-satellite/" target="_blank">http://www.arianespace.com/press-release/arianespace-selected-by-airbus-defence-and-space-to-launch-edrs-c-satellite/</a> <a href="#fnref:229" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:230"><p>Clark, Stephen (7 August 2019). "SpaceX successfully launches Israeli-owned telecom satellite". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 26 August 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/08/07/spacex-launches-israeli-owned-telecom-satellite/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/08/07/spacex-launches-israeli-owned-telecom-satellite/</a> <a href="#fnref:230" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:231"><p>"Spacecom returns to SpaceX for one, possibly two launches". 18 October 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017. <a href="http://spacenews.com/spacecom-returns-to-spacex-for-one-possibly-two-launches/" target="_blank">http://spacenews.com/spacecom-returns-to-spacex-for-one-possibly-two-launches/</a> <a href="#fnref:231" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:232"><p>"AMOS-17". Spacecom. 2018. Retrieved 18 July 2018. <a href="http://amos-spacecom.com/satellite/amos-17/" target="_blank">http://amos-spacecom.com/satellite/amos-17/</a> <a href="#fnref:232" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:233"><p>Graham, William (8 August 2019). "Atlas V launches AEHF-5 from Cape Canaveral". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 8 August 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/atlas-v-aehf-5-launch-cape-canaveral/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/atlas-v-aehf-5-launch-cape-canaveral/</a> <a href="#fnref:233" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:234"><p>Graham, William (15 March 2019). "ULA Delta IV launches WGS-10 from Cape Canaveral". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 16 March 2019."Next-Stage C4ISR Bandwidth: The AEHF Satellite Program". Defense Industry Daily. 22 May 2015. Retrieved 24 May 2017. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/03/ula-delta-iv-wgs-10-launch-cape-canaveral/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/03/ula-delta-iv-wgs-10-launch-cape-canaveral/</a> <a href="#fnref:234" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:235"><p>Graham, William (8 August 2019). "Atlas V launches AEHF-5 from Cape Canaveral". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 8 August 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/atlas-v-aehf-5-launch-cape-canaveral/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/atlas-v-aehf-5-launch-cape-canaveral/</a> <a href="#fnref:235" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:236"><p>"TDO SPACECRAFT". N2YO.com. 30 December 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2023. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44482" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44482</a> <a href="#fnref:236" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:237"><p>Clark, Stephen (17 August 2019). "China's Jielong 1 smallsat launcher successful on first flight". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 19 August 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/08/17/chinas-jielong-1-smallsat-launcher-successful-on-first-flight/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/08/17/chinas-jielong-1-smallsat-launcher-successful-on-first-flight/</a> <a href="#fnref:237" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:238"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "Jielong-1 (Smart Dragon-1, SD 1)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 28 June 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/jielong-1.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/jielong-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:238" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:239"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "Jielong-1 (Smart Dragon-1, SD 1)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 28 June 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/jielong-1.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/jielong-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:239" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:240"><p>"Constellation | Beijing QIANSHENG EXPLORATION Technology Co., Ltd". Qian Sheng Exploration. Archived from the original on 7 August 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190807053420/http://www.uni-explore.com/en/constellation.aspx" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20190807053420/http://www.uni-explore.com/en/constellation.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:240" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:241"><p>"Qian Sheng Exploration". CB Insights. Retrieved 7 August 2019. <a href="https://www.cbinsights.com/company/qiancheng-tansuo" target="_blank">https://www.cbinsights.com/company/qiancheng-tansuo</a> <a href="#fnref:241" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:242"><p>"朝夕奔梦筑星途："星时代-5"卫星出征仪式举行！" [Dreams of building a star: Ceremony held for Xingshidai-5!]. Mino Space. 6 August 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2019. <a href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/4Q-zKjKim1KhymSAnHhrHg" target="_blank">https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/4Q-zKjKim1KhymSAnHhrHg</a> <a href="#fnref:242" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:243"><p>Daws, Ryan (2 July 2019). "China plans to launch a constellation of AI-powered satellites". AI News. Retrieved 7 August 2019. <a href="https://artificialintelligence-news.com/2019/07/02/china-plans-launch-constellation-ai-satellites/" target="_blank">https://artificialintelligence-news.com/2019/07/02/china-plans-launch-constellation-ai-satellites/</a> <a href="#fnref:243" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:244"><p>Barbosa, Rui C. (19 August 2019). "Long March 3B launches Chinasat-18 – waiting on status". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 29 August 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/long-march-3b-launches-chinasat-18/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/long-march-3b-launches-chinasat-18/</a> <a href="#fnref:244" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:245"><p>"Lanzado el satélite Zhongxing-18" [Zhongxing-18 satellite launched]. Noticias de la Ciencia (in Spanish). 20 August 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2019. <a href="https://noticiasdelaciencia.com/art/34004/lanzado-el-satelite-zhongxing-18" target="_blank">https://noticiasdelaciencia.com/art/34004/lanzado-el-satelite-zhongxing-18</a> <a href="#fnref:245" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:246"><p>"此次发射任务是长征三号乙运载火箭发射高通量通信卫星"中星18号"。" [The upcoming mission is the launch of the high-throughput communication satellite "Zhongxing 18" [Chinasat 18] by the Long March 3B carrier rocket.]. CASC (in Chinese). 9 August 2019. Retrieved 10 August 2019. <a href="https://m.weibo.cn/detail/4403441608452821" target="_blank">https://m.weibo.cn/detail/4403441608452821</a> <a href="#fnref:246" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:247"><p>Jones, Andrew (20 August 2019). "Chinese telecommunications satellite hit by anomalies after launch". SpaceNews. Retrieved 20 August 2019. <a href="https://spacenews.com/chinese-telecommunications-satellite-hit-by-anomalies-after-launch/" target="_blank">https://spacenews.com/chinese-telecommunications-satellite-hit-by-anomalies-after-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:247" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:248"><p>Henry, Caleb (29 August 2019). "$250 million ChinaSat-18 loss looming over insurers". SpaceNews. Retrieved 29 August 2019. <a href="https://spacenews.com/250-million-chinasat-18-loss-looming-over-insurers/" target="_blank">https://spacenews.com/250-million-chinasat-18-loss-looming-over-insurers/</a> <a href="#fnref:248" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:249"><p>Clark, Stephen (19 August 2019). "Rocket Lab launch fulfills initial block of BlackSky Earth-imaging satellites". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 26 August 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/08/19/rocket-lab-launch-fulfills-initial-block-of-blacksky-earth-imaging-satellites/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/08/19/rocket-lab-launch-fulfills-initial-block-of-blacksky-earth-imaging-satellites/</a> <a href="#fnref:249" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:250"><p>"Rocket Lab's Next Mission Focused On Building Constellations And Enabling R&D". Rocket Lab. 22 July 2019. Retrieved 25 July 2019. <a href="https://www.rocketlabusa.com/news/updates/rocket-labs-next-mission-focused-on-building-constellations-and-enabling-r-and-d/" target="_blank">https://www.rocketlabusa.com/news/updates/rocket-labs-next-mission-focused-on-building-constellations-and-enabling-r-and-d/</a> <a href="#fnref:250" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:251"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "BRO 1". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 25 July 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/bro-1.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/bro-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:251" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:252"><p>"Pearl White cubesats mission set to launch" (Press release). Air Force Space Command. 7 August 2019. Archived from the original on 7 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190807143712/https://www.afspc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1927805/pearl-white-cubesats-mission-set-to-launch/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20190807143712/https://www.afspc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1927805/pearl-white-cubesats-mission-set-to-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:252" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:253"><p>Gebhardt, Chris (21 August 2019). "Soyuz MS-14 to test new upgrades, ferry Skybot humanoid robot to Station". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 22 August 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/soyuz-ms-14-upgrades-ferry-skybot-robot-station/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/soyuz-ms-14-upgrades-ferry-skybot-robot-station/</a> <a href="#fnref:253" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:254"><p>Clark, Stephen (6 September 2019). "Live coverage: Soyuz test flight concludes with landing in Kazakhstan". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 12 September 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/09/06/soyuz-ms-14-mission-status-center-2/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/09/06/soyuz-ms-14-mission-status-center-2/</a> <a href="#fnref:254" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:255"><p>"Источник: Россия отправит к МКС семь кораблей и модуль "Наука" в 2019 году" [Russia plans to send seven spacecrafts and Nauka module to the ISS in 2019] (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 1 October 2018. Retrieved 2 October 2018. <a href="https://ria.ru/20181001/1529737640.html" target="_blank">https://ria.ru/20181001/1529737640.html</a> <a href="#fnref:255" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:256"><p>"Источник сообщил, когда Россия и США согласуют полеты к МКС на 2019 год" [Russia and USA to coordinate schedule of flights to ISS] (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 30 August 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2018. <a href="https://ria.ru/science/20180830/1527476452.html" target="_blank">https://ria.ru/science/20180830/1527476452.html</a> <a href="#fnref:256" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:257"><p>"Launch of unmanned Soyuz MS is planned for August 2019". Roscosmos. 18 May 2018. Retrieved 2 October 2018. <a href="https://www.roscosmos.ru/25067/" target="_blank">https://www.roscosmos.ru/25067/</a> <a href="#fnref:257" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:258"><p>Gebhardt, Chris (22 August 2019). "Delta IV Medium's well-earned retirement with GPS finale". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 22 August 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/delta-iv-medium-retirement-gps-finale/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/delta-iv-medium-retirement-gps-finale/</a> <a href="#fnref:258" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:259"><p>Clark, Stephen (2 October 2020). "Space Force announces new nicknames for GPS satellites". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 2 October 2020. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/10/02/space-force-announces-new-nicknames-for-gps-satellites/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/10/02/space-force-announces-new-nicknames-for-gps-satellites/</a> <a href="#fnref:259" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:260"><p>Brumfiel, Geoff (29 August 2019). "Iranian Rocket Launch Ends In Failure, Imagery Shows". NPR. Retrieved 29 August 2019. <a href="https://www.npr.org/2019/08/29/755406765/iranian-rocket-launch-ends-in-failure-images-show" target="_blank">https://www.npr.org/2019/08/29/755406765/iranian-rocket-launch-ends-in-failure-images-show</a> <a href="#fnref:260" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:261"><p>Pietrobon, Steven (1 August 2019). "Iran Launch Record (from 1998)". Retrieved 4 August 2019. <a href="http://sworld.com.au/steven/space/iran-rec.txt" target="_blank">http://sworld.com.au/steven/space/iran-rec.txt</a> <a href="#fnref:261" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:262"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "Nahid 1". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 4 August 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/nahid-1.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/nahid-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:262" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:263"><p>Clark, Stephen (29 March 2019). "Rocket Lab launches DARPA research satellite". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 26 August 2019.Gambrell, Jon (31 August 2019). "Mysterious Iran rocket blast draws Trump tweet, Tehran taunt". Associated Press. Retrieved 31 August 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/03/29/rocket-lab-launches-darpa-research-satellite/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/03/29/rocket-lab-launches-darpa-research-satellite/</a> <a href="#fnref:263" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:264"><p>Wall, Mike (29 August 2019). "Iran's Failed Rocket Launch Spotted from Space (Photo)". Space.com. Retrieved 29 August 2019. <a href="https://www.space.com/iran-rocket-launch-failure-satellite-photo.html" target="_blank">https://www.space.com/iran-rocket-launch-failure-satellite-photo.html</a> <a href="#fnref:264" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:265"><p>Clark, Stephen (29 March 2019). "Rocket Lab launches DARPA research satellite". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 26 August 2019.Gambrell, Jon (31 August 2019). "Mysterious Iran rocket blast draws Trump tweet, Tehran taunt". Associated Press. Retrieved 31 August 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/03/29/rocket-lab-launches-darpa-research-satellite/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/03/29/rocket-lab-launches-darpa-research-satellite/</a> <a href="#fnref:265" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:266"><p>Graham, William (30 August 2019). "Russia's Rokot vehicle launches Geo-IK-2 satellite". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 30 August 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/russias-rokot-geo-ik-2-satellite/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/russias-rokot-geo-ik-2-satellite/</a> <a href="#fnref:266" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:267"><p>Barbosa, Rui C. (30 August 2019). "Kuaizhou-1A lofts two satellites for China". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 31 August 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/kuaizhou-1a-two-satellites-china/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/kuaizhou-1a-two-satellites-china/</a> <a href="#fnref:267" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:268"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "Kuaizhou-1A (KZ-1A)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 20 October 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/kuaizhou-1a.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/kuaizhou-1a.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:268" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:269"><p>"刚刚，这颗中国星被命名为"太极一号"！" [Just now, this Chinese satellite was named "Taiji-1"!]. spaceflightfans.cn. 20 September 2019. Archived from the original on 21 September 2019. Retrieved 21 September 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190921033901/http://www.spaceflightfans.cn/62406.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20190921033901/http://www.spaceflightfans.cn/62406.html</a> <a href="#fnref:269" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:270"><p>"China's Taiji-1 on a gravity wave mission". Asia Times. 23 September 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2019. <a href="https://www.asiatimes.com/2019/09/article/chinas-taiji-1-tests-gravity-wave-detection/" target="_blank">https://www.asiatimes.com/2019/09/article/chinas-taiji-1-tests-gravity-wave-detection/</a> <a href="#fnref:270" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:271"><p>Barbosa, Rui C. (30 August 2019). "Kuaizhou-1A lofts two satellites for China". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 31 August 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/kuaizhou-1a-two-satellites-china/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/kuaizhou-1a-two-satellites-china/</a> <a href="#fnref:271" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:272"><p>Barbosa, Rui C. (12 September 2019). "China returns Long March 4 to service with Ziyuan launch". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 12 September 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/09/china-returns-long-march-4-ziyuan-2d/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/09/china-returns-long-march-4-ziyuan-2d/</a> <a href="#fnref:272" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:273"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-4 (Chang Zheng-4)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 10 August 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-4.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-4.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:273" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:274"><p>"China to launch polar-observing microsat". Xinhua. 30 August 2019. Archived from the original on 31 August 2019. Retrieved 3 September 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190831025414/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-08/30/c_138351461.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20190831025414/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-08/30/c_138351461.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:274" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:275"><p>Barbosa, Rui C. (19 September 2019). "Long March 11 lofts Zhuhai-1 Group-3 satellites". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 19 September 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/09/long-march-11-zhuhai-1-group-3-satellites/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/09/long-march-11-zhuhai-1-group-3-satellites/</a> <a href="#fnref:275" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:276"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-11 (Chang Zheng-11)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 6 November 2019."KALAMASAT-V2/PSLV". N2YO.com. 22 December 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2024. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-11.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-11.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:276" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:277"><p>"Long March 3B/E Y44 Tianlian 2-01 Postcard". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 6 November 2019.Krebs, Gunter. "OHS 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F, 2G, 2H". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 26 December 2018. <a href="https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=47626.0;attach=1554048;image" target="_blank">https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=47626.0;attach=1554048;image</a> <a href="#fnref:277" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:278"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "OVS 2A". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 26 December 2018. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/ovs-2.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/ovs-2.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:278" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:279"><p>Barbosa, Rui C. (22 September 2019). "Long March 3B launches latest Beidou-3M satellites". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 23 September 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/09/long-march-3b-beidou-3m-satellites/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/09/long-march-3b-beidou-3m-satellites/</a> <a href="#fnref:279" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:280"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-3 (Chang Zheng-3)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 10 August 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-3.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-3.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:280" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:281"><p>"Constellation Status". China Satellite Navigation Office. 24 September 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2019. <a href="http://www.csno-tarc.cn/system/constellation&ce=english" target="_blank">http://www.csno-tarc.cn/system/constellation&ce=english</a> <a href="#fnref:281" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:282"><p>"Constellation Status". China Satellite Navigation Office. 24 September 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2019. <a href="http://www.csno-tarc.cn/system/constellation&ce=english" target="_blank">http://www.csno-tarc.cn/system/constellation&ce=english</a> <a href="#fnref:282" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:283"><p>Graham, William (24 September 2019). "HTV-8 launches on H-IIB to the ISS". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 25 September 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/09/jaxa-launch-htv-8-cargo-iss/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/09/jaxa-launch-htv-8-cargo-iss/</a> <a href="#fnref:283" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:284"><p>"Reentry of KOUNOTORI8 was confirmed". JAXA. 3 November 2019. Retrieved 4 November 2019. <a href="http://iss.jaxa.jp/en/htv/mission/htv-8/news/reentry_confirmed.html" target="_blank">http://iss.jaxa.jp/en/htv/mission/htv-8/news/reentry_confirmed.html</a> <a href="#fnref:284" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:285"><p>"NARSSCUBE-1". N2YO.com. 20 December 2021. Retrieved 28 December 2021. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44792" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44792</a> <a href="#fnref:285" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:286"><p>"AQT-D". N2YO.com. 20 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44791" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44791</a> <a href="#fnref:286" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:287"><p>"RWASAT-1". N2YO.com. 27 April 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44790" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44790</a> <a href="#fnref:287" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:288"><p>Oni, David (14 October 2019). "Rwanda's First Satellite In Space Is Set For Release From ISS". Space in Africa. Retrieved 6 November 2019. <a href="https://africanews.space/rwandas-first-satellite-in-space-is-set-for-release-from-iss/" target="_blank">https://africanews.space/rwandas-first-satellite-in-space-is-set-for-release-from-iss/</a> <a href="#fnref:288" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:289"><p>Barbosa, Rui C. (24 September 2019). "Second Yunhai-1 lofted by Chinese Long March 2D". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 25 September 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/09/second-yunhai-1-long-march-2d/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/09/second-yunhai-1-long-march-2d/</a> <a href="#fnref:289" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:290"><p>Gebhardt, Chris (14 March 2019). "Soyuz MS-12 docks with the Space Station". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 26 August 2019.Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-2 (Chang Zheng-2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 6 November 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/03/russian-americans-soyuz-ms-12-station/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/03/russian-americans-soyuz-ms-12-station/</a> <a href="#fnref:290" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:291"><p>Wall, Mike (17 August 2021). "Space collision: Chinese satellite got whacked by hunk of Russian rocket in March". Space.com. Retrieved 18 August 2021. <a href="https://www.space.com/space-junk-collision-chinese-satellite-yunhai-1-02" target="_blank">https://www.space.com/space-junk-collision-chinese-satellite-yunhai-1-02</a> <a href="#fnref:291" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:292"><p>Gebhardt, Chris (24 September 2019). "Soyuz-FG retirement; Last launch from Gagarin's Start lofts first Emirati astronaut". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 25 September 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/09/soyuz-fg-retirement-last-launch-gagarins-first-emirati-astronaut/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/09/soyuz-fg-retirement-last-launch-gagarins-first-emirati-astronaut/</a> <a href="#fnref:292" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:293"><p>Graham, William (26 September 2019). "Soyuz 2-1B launches latest Tundra satellite". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 26 September 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/09/soyuz-2-1b-launches-latest-tundra-satellite/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/09/soyuz-2-1b-launches-latest-tundra-satellite/</a> <a href="#fnref:293" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:294"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "Tundra (EKS, 14F142)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 19 September 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/tundra.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/tundra.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:294" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:295"><p>Barbosa, Rui C. (4 October 2019). "Gaofen satellite launched by Long March 4C". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 4 October 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/10/gaofen-10-long-march-4c/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/10/gaofen-10-long-march-4c/</a> <a href="#fnref:295" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:296"><p>Gebhardt, Chris (8 October 2019). "Proton rocket ride-share launches Northrop Grumman's Mission Extension Vehicle". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 9 October 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/10/proton-rocket-launch-northrop-extension-vehicle/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/10/proton-rocket-launch-northrop-extension-vehicle/</a> <a href="#fnref:296" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:297"><p>Clark, Stephen (26 February 2020). "Two commercial satellites link up in space for first time". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 6 March 2020. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/02/26/two-commercial-satellites-link-up-in-space-for-first-time/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/02/26/two-commercial-satellites-link-up-in-space-for-first-time/</a> <a href="#fnref:297" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:298"><p>Foust, Jeff (7 October 2019). "Industry weighs government's role in satellite servicing". SpaceNews. Retrieved 8 October 2019. <a href="https://spacenews.com/industry-weighs-governments-role-in-satellite-servicing/" target="_blank">https://spacenews.com/industry-weighs-governments-role-in-satellite-servicing/</a> <a href="#fnref:298" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:299"><p>Gebhardt, Chris (10 October 2019). "NASA's ICON mission launches on Northrop Grumman Pegasus XL rocket". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 11 October 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/10/nasas-icon-launch-ngis-pegasus-xl-rocket/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/10/nasas-icon-launch-ngis-pegasus-xl-rocket/</a> <a href="#fnref:299" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:300"><p>Gray, Tyler (16 October 2019). "Rocket Lab launches Electron Flight 9 as work on new U.S. pad continues". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 17 October 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/10/rocket-lab-electron-flight-9-new-pad-continues/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/10/rocket-lab-electron-flight-9-new-pad-continues/</a> <a href="#fnref:300" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:301"><p>"As The Crow Flies". Rocket Lab. 17 October 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019. <a href="https://www.rocketlabusa.com/missions/completed-missions/as-the-crow-flies/" target="_blank">https://www.rocketlabusa.com/missions/completed-missions/as-the-crow-flies/</a> <a href="#fnref:301" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:302"><p>Krebs, Gunter (4 October 2019). "Palisade". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 17 October 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/palisade.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/palisade.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:302" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:303"><p>Barbosa, Rui C. (17 October 2019). "Long March 3B launches TJSW-4". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 17 October 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/10/long-march-3b-launches-tjsw-4/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/10/long-march-3b-launches-tjsw-4/</a> <a href="#fnref:303" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:304"><p>Gebhardt, Chris (1 November 2019). "Upgraded Antares launches first CRS2 NASA flight of Cygnus". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 2 November 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/11/upgraded-antares-launch-first-crs2-nasa-cygnus/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/11/upgraded-antares-launch-first-crs2-nasa-cygnus/</a> <a href="#fnref:304" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:305"><p>Krebs, Gunter (2 November 2019). "STPSat 4". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 4 November 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/stpsat-4.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/stpsat-4.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:305" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:306"><p>"STPSAT-4". N2YO.com. 4 October 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45043" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45043</a> <a href="#fnref:306" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:307"><p>Erwin, Sandra (2 November 2019). "Air Force, NRO cubesats fly to International Space Station aboard Northrop Grumman resupply mission". SpaceNews. Retrieved 4 November 2019. <a href="https://spacenews.com/air-force-cubesats-fly-to-international-space-station-aboard-northrop-grumman-resupply-mission/" target="_blank">https://spacenews.com/air-force-cubesats-fly-to-international-space-station-aboard-northrop-grumman-resupply-mission/</a> <a href="#fnref:307" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:308"><p>"AEROCUBE 14A". N2YO.com. 4 February 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45114" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45114</a> <a href="#fnref:308" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:309"><p>"AEROCUBE 14B". N2YO.com. 8 February 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45116" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45116</a> <a href="#fnref:309" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:310"><p>Erwin, Sandra (2 November 2019). "Air Force, NRO cubesats fly to International Space Station aboard Northrop Grumman resupply mission". SpaceNews. Retrieved 4 November 2019. <a href="https://spacenews.com/air-force-cubesats-fly-to-international-space-station-aboard-northrop-grumman-resupply-mission/" target="_blank">https://spacenews.com/air-force-cubesats-fly-to-international-space-station-aboard-northrop-grumman-resupply-mission/</a> <a href="#fnref:310" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:311"><p>"AEROCUBE 15A". N2YO.com. 7 February 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45118" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45118</a> <a href="#fnref:311" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:312"><p>"AEROCUBE 15B". N2YO.com. 10 February 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45117" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45117</a> <a href="#fnref:312" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:313"><p>"ARGUS-2 (MVP-ARGUS)". N2YO.com. 6 May 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45257" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45257</a> <a href="#fnref:313" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:314"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "HARP". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 19 August 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/harp.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/harp.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:314" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:315"><p>McDowell, Jonathan [@planet4589] (5 April 2022). "The HARP cubesat from UMBC reentered on Apr 4. It was deployed from ISS in Feb 2020. @JCET_UBMC can you tell me when you last heard from HARP? Did it work throughout its orbital life, or was it shut down earlier?" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 16 April 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2023 – via Twitter. <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_McDowell" target="_blank">/wiki/Jonathan_McDowell</a> <a href="#fnref:315" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:316"><p>"HUSKYSAT-1". N2YO.com. 12 April 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2023. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45119" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45119</a> <a href="#fnref:316" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:317"><p>Krebs, Gunter (2 November 2019). "Orbital Factory 2 (OF 2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 4 November 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/orbital-factory-2.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/orbital-factory-2.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:317" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:318"><p>"OF-2". N2YO.com. 20 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45113" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45113</a> <a href="#fnref:318" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:319"><p>"RADSAT-U". N2YO.com. 30 April 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45262" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45262</a> <a href="#fnref:319" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:320"><p>"SWAMPSAT-2". N2YO.com. Retrieved 28 October 2021. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45115" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45115</a> <a href="#fnref:320" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:321"><p>"AST & Science Announces Successful Launch of Its First Satellite". AST SpaceMobile. Midland, Texas. 23 April 2019. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2022."Upcoming ELaNa CubeSat Launches". NASA. 10 October 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019. <a href="https://ast-science.com/2019/04/23/successful-launch-of-first-satellite/" target="_blank">https://ast-science.com/2019/04/23/successful-launch-of-first-satellite/</a> <a href="#fnref:321" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:322"><p>Kater, Bill (29 January 2020). "ISS Daily Summary Report – 1/29/2020". NASA. Retrieved 2 February 2020. <a href="https://blogs.nasa.gov/stationreport/2020/01/29/iss-daily-summary-report-1292020/" target="_blank">https://blogs.nasa.gov/stationreport/2020/01/29/iss-daily-summary-report-1292020/</a> <a href="#fnref:322" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:323"><p>Safyan, Mike (6 March 2019). "First Up For 2019: PSLV Launch Of 20 Next Generation Doves". Planet Labs.Garcia, Mark (31 January 2020). "U.S. Cygnus Space Freighter Departs Station After 88 Days". NASA. Retrieved 2 February 2020. <a href="https://www.planet.com/pulse/first-up-for-2019-pslv-launch-of-20-next-generation-doves/" target="_blank">https://www.planet.com/pulse/first-up-for-2019-pslv-launch-of-20-next-generation-doves/</a> <a href="#fnref:323" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:324"><p>Nanoracks [@Nanoracks] (1 February 2020). "Tonight marks a huge milestone at Nanoracks! We have officially deployed our 250th satellite (& then some!) from #ISS, #Cygnus, and #PSLV. Aerocube 14 A/B & 15 A/B, SwampSat-II, Huskysat-I, & Orbital Factory-2 have been released into orbit from our #Cygnus #CubeSat deployer! https://t.co/HluoRgVN70" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 9 July 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2023 – via Twitter. <a href="/wiki/Nanoracks" target="_blank">/wiki/Nanoracks</a> <a href="#fnref:324" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:325"><p>"FLOCK 4A 17". N2YO.com. 14 March 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023."Nanoracks Completes 17th Commercial Space Station CubeSat Deployment Mission". NanoRacks. 19 February 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2020. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44088" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44088</a> <a href="#fnref:325" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:326"><p>Barbosa, Rui C. (3 November 2019). "Long March 4B launches Gaofen-7 – tests grid fin system". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 3 November 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/11/63864/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/11/63864/</a> <a href="#fnref:326" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:327"><p>Jones, Andrew (4 November 2019). "China tests grid fins with launch of Gaofen-7 imaging satellite". SpaceNews. Retrieved 4 November 2019. <a href="https://spacenews.com/china-tests-grid-fins-with-launch-of-gaofen-7-imaging-satellite/" target="_blank">https://spacenews.com/china-tests-grid-fins-with-launch-of-gaofen-7-imaging-satellite/</a> <a href="#fnref:327" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:328"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "Gaofen 7 (GF 7)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 1 October 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-7.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-7.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:328" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:329"><p>""黄埔一号"卫星载荷发射成功" ["Huangpu No. 1" satellite payload successfully launched]. People's Daily (in Chinese). 3 November 2019. Archived from the original on 3 November 2019. Retrieved 3 November 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191103183309/http://scitech.people.com.cn/n1/2019/1103/c1007-31434697.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20191103183309/http://scitech.people.com.cn/n1/2019/1103/c1007-31434697.html</a> <a href="#fnref:329" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:330"><p>"XIAOXIANG 1-08". N2YO.com. 25 April 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2023. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44706" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44706</a> <a href="#fnref:330" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:331"><p>"Thrustme, Spacety report initial success of cold gas thruster". SpaceNews. 23 November 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2019. <a href="https://spacenews.com/spacety-thrustme-cold-gas-test/" target="_blank">https://spacenews.com/spacety-thrustme-cold-gas-test/</a> <a href="#fnref:331" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:332"><p>"Sudan launches its first ever satellite in partnership with China". Al Jazeera English. 6 November 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2019. <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/sudan-launches-satellite-partnership-china-191106070709063.html" target="_blank">https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/sudan-launches-satellite-partnership-china-191106070709063.html</a> <a href="#fnref:332" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:333"><p>"Sudan's First Satellite SRSS-1 Launched By China". SpaceWatch Africa. 6 November 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2019. <a href="https://spacewatch.global/2019/11/sudans-first-satellite-srss-1-launched-by-china/" target="_blank">https://spacewatch.global/2019/11/sudans-first-satellite-srss-1-launched-by-china/</a> <a href="#fnref:333" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:334"><p>Barbosa, Rui C. (4 November 2019). "Long March 3B launches Beidou-3I3 (IGSO-3)". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 4 November 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/11/long-march-3b-beidou-3i3-igso-3/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/11/long-march-3b-beidou-3i3-igso-3/</a> <a href="#fnref:334" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:335"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-3 (Chang Zheng-3)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 10 August 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-3.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-3.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:335" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:336"><p>Burghardt, Thomas (10 November 2019). "SpaceX and Cape Canaveral Return to Action with First Operational Starlink Mission". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 11 November 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/11/spacex-cape-return-first-operational-starlink-mission/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/11/spacex-cape-return-first-operational-starlink-mission/</a> <a href="#fnref:336" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:337"><p>Barbosa, Rui C. (12 November 2019). "Kuaizhou-1A launches Jilin-1 Gaofen-2A". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 13 November 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/11/kuaizhou-1a-launches-jilin-1-gaofen-2a/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/11/kuaizhou-1a-launches-jilin-1-gaofen-2a/</a> <a href="#fnref:337" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:338"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "Kuaizhou-1A (KZ-1A)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 20 October 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/kuaizhou-1a.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/kuaizhou-1a.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:338" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:339"><p>"China sends five satellites into orbit via single rocket". Xinhua. 13 November 2019. Archived from the original on 13 November 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191113093015/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-11/13/c_138552029.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20191113093015/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-11/13/c_138552029.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:339" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:340"><p>Barbosa, Rui C. (13 November 2019). "Long March 6 lofts five Ningxia-1 satellites". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 13 November 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/11/long-march-6-lofts-five-ningxia-1-satellites/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/11/long-march-6-lofts-five-ningxia-1-satellites/</a> <a href="#fnref:340" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:341"><p>Krebs, Gunter (13 November 2019). "Ningxia-1 01, ..., 05". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 13 November 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/ningxia-1.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/ningxia-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:341" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:342"><p>Li, Ivan (17 November 2019). "China launches second Kuaizhou-1A rocket in four days". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 17 November 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/11/china-second-kuaizhou-1a-rocket-four-days/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/11/china-second-kuaizhou-1a-rocket-four-days/</a> <a href="#fnref:342" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:343"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "Kuaizhou-1A (KZ-1A)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 20 October 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/kuaizhou-1a.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/kuaizhou-1a.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:343" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:344"><p>Krebs, Gunter (17 November 2019). "KL-Alpha A, B". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 17 November 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/kl-alpha-a.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/kl-alpha-a.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:344" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:345"><p>Krebs, Gunter (17 November 2019). "KL-Alpha A, B". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 17 November 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/kl-alpha-a.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/kl-alpha-a.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:345" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:346"><p>"China sends two global multimedia satellites into planned orbit". Xinhua. 17 November 2019. Archived from the original on 17 November 2019. Retrieved 17 November 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191117175659/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-11/17/c_138562304.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20191117175659/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-11/17/c_138562304.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:346" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:347"><p>Clark, Stephen (19 November 2019). "China's Kuaizhou launcher flies for second time in four days". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 19 November 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/11/19/chinas-kuaizhou-launcher-flies-for-second-time-in-four-days/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/11/19/chinas-kuaizhou-launcher-flies-for-second-time-in-four-days/</a> <a href="#fnref:347" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:348"><p>"FLOCK 4A 10". N2YO.com. 8 August 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.""一箭双星"发射成功 微小卫星研究院首个国际化项目交付" [Dual payload launch successfully delivers the CAS Microsatellite Research Institute's first international satellite order]. Yicai Global (in Chinese). 19 November 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2019. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44097" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44097</a> <a href="#fnref:348" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:349"><p>Barbosa, Rui C. (22 November 2019). "Chinese bolster navigation system with dual Beidou launch". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 23 November 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/11/chinese-bolster-navigation-system-dual-beidou-launch/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/11/chinese-bolster-navigation-system-dual-beidou-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:349" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:350"><p>China航天 (23 November 2019). "【发射视频】今早8时55分，我国在西昌卫星发射中心3号工位使用长征三号乙Y66火箭/远征一号Y14上面级发射第11组北斗三号MEO卫星" [[Launch Video] At 8:55 a.m. this morning, China launched the 11th group of Beidou 3 MEO satellites using the Long March 3B Y66 rocket/Yuanzheng 1 Y14 at Xichang Satellite Launch Center Station 3] (in Chinese). Retrieved 23 November 2019 – via Sina Weibo. <a href="https://www.weibo.com/5616492130/Ihvpw9FsR" target="_blank">https://www.weibo.com/5616492130/Ihvpw9FsR</a> <a href="#fnref:350" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:351"><p>Bergin, Chris (27 February 2019). "OneWeb kick starts massive constellation with Soyuz ST-B launch". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 1 March 2019.Graham, William; Bergin, Chris (25 November 2019). "Soyuz 2-1v lofts mystery military satellite". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 25 November 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/02/oneweb-kick-start-massive-constellation-soyuz-st-b/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/02/oneweb-kick-start-massive-constellation-soyuz-st-b/</a> <a href="#fnref:351" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:352"><p>"Минобороны вывело на орбиту военный спутник-инспектор" [MoD deployed a military satellite inspector] (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 25 November 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2019. <a href="https://ria.ru/20191126/1561587768.html" target="_blank">https://ria.ru/20191126/1561587768.html</a> <a href="#fnref:352" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:353"><p>Jonathan McDowell [@planet4589] (25 October 2023). "Russia's Kosmos-2542 satellite, launched in 2019, gained some notoriety in 2020 for shadowing a US spy satellite, USA 245. It reentered over Samara, Russia on Oct 24 at 1007 UTC. The satellite appears to have been decommissioned in May" (Tweet) – via Twitter. <a href="https://x.com/planet4589/status/1717006670423871585" target="_blank">https://x.com/planet4589/status/1717006670423871585</a> <a href="#fnref:353" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:354"><p>"Минобороны провело в космосе эксперимент по отделению малого спутника от другого аппарата" [Ministry of Defense announces separation of small satellite from main satellite to conduct experiments in space]. TASS (in Russian). 6 December 2019. Retrieved 7 December 2019. <a href="https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/7285111" target="_blank">https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/7285111</a> <a href="#fnref:354" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:355"><p>"Минобороны провело в космосе эксперимент по отделению малого спутника от другого аппарата" [Ministry of Defense announces separation of small satellite from main satellite to conduct experiments in space]. TASS (in Russian). 6 December 2019. Retrieved 7 December 2019. <a href="https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/7285111" target="_blank">https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/7285111</a> <a href="#fnref:355" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:356"><p>McDowell, Jonathan [@planet4589] (6 December 2019). "The Kosmos-2542 satellite, in a 368 x 857 km x 97 deg orbit, deployed a subsatellite today (likely codenamed Kosmos-2543). The Russian Defense Ministry says it's an inspector satellite; the mission appears to repeat Kosmos-2519/2521. The US has not yet cataloged the new object" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 7 January 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2023 – via Twitter. <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_McDowell" target="_blank">/wiki/Jonathan_McDowell</a> <a href="#fnref:356" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:357"><p>Clark, Stephen (23 July 2020). "U.S. officials say Russia tested a new anti-satellite weapon". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 29 July 2020. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/07/23/u-s-officials-say-russia-tested-a-new-anti-satellite-weapon/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/07/23/u-s-officials-say-russia-tested-a-new-anti-satellite-weapon/</a> <a href="#fnref:357" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:358"><p>Henry, Caleb (26 November 2019). "Ariane 5 launches satellites for Egypt, Inmarsat". SpaceNews. Retrieved 26 November 2019. <a href="https://spacenews.com/ariane-5-launches-satellites-for-egypt-inmarsat/" target="_blank">https://spacenews.com/ariane-5-launches-satellites-for-egypt-inmarsat/</a> <a href="#fnref:358" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:359"><p>Clark, Stephen (30 April 2017). "Arianespace wins launch contracts from Inmarsat, Embratel Star One". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 30 October 2017. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2017/10/30/arianespace-wins-launch-contracts-from-inmarsat-embratel-star-one/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2017/10/30/arianespace-wins-launch-contracts-from-inmarsat-embratel-star-one/</a> <a href="#fnref:359" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:360"><p>"M6P". N2YO.com. 20 July 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023."Arianespace to launch Inmarsat's fifth Global Xpress satellite". Arianespace. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44109" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44109</a> <a href="#fnref:360" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:361"><p>Clark, Stephen (16 October 2019). "Egyptian satellite, ESA science probe share plane ride to launch base". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 17 October 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/10/16/egyptian-satellite-esa-science-probe-share-plane-ride-to-launch-base/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/10/16/egyptian-satellite-esa-science-probe-share-plane-ride-to-launch-base/</a> <a href="#fnref:361" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:362"><p>"PSLV-C47 / Cartosat-3 Mission". ISRO. 27 November 2019. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 27 November 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191128074359/https://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/pslv-c47-cartosat-3-mission" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20191128074359/https://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/pslv-c47-cartosat-3-mission</a> <a href="#fnref:362" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:363"><p>Clark, Stephen (27 November 2019). "PSLV delivers India's highest-resolution Earth observation satellite to orbit". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 27 November 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/11/27/pslv-delivers-indias-highest-resolution-earth-observation-satellite-to-orbit/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/11/27/pslv-delivers-indias-highest-resolution-earth-observation-satellite-to-orbit/</a> <a href="#fnref:363" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:364"><p>"PSLV-C47 Launch Kit" (PDF). ISRO. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 November 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191119114751/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/pslv_c47_launchkit/files/assets/common/downloads/PSLV-C47%20Launch%20Kit.cdr.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20191119114751/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/pslv_c47_launchkit/files/assets/common/downloads/PSLV-C47%20Launch%20Kit.cdr.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:364" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:365"><p>Safyan, Mike (24 October 2019). "12 SuperDove Satellites Hitching A Ride To Orbit On The PSLV". Planet Labs. Retrieved 27 October 2019. <a href="https://www.planet.com/pulse/12-superdove-satellites-hitching-a-ride-to-orbit-on-pslv/" target="_blank">https://www.planet.com/pulse/12-superdove-satellites-hitching-a-ride-to-orbit-on-pslv/</a> <a href="#fnref:365" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:366"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "Meshbed". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 6 October 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/meshbed.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/meshbed.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:366" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:367"><p>"MESHBED". N2YO.com. 2 May 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2023. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44806" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44806</a> <a href="#fnref:367" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:368"><p>Barbosa, Rui C. (27 November 2019). "Long March 4C lofts Gaofen-12". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 28 November 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/11/long-march-4c-lofts-gaofen-12/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/11/long-march-4c-lofts-gaofen-12/</a> <a href="#fnref:368" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:369"><p>"长征四号丙 • 高分十二号 • 经过一次推迟后本月28日同一时间再次尝试 • 任务成功" [Long March 4C • Gaofen 12 • Successful launch on the 28th] (in Chinese). 28 November 2019. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200726162523/http://www.spaceflightfans.cn/event/china-long-march-4c-rocket-launch-satellite-2?instance_id=2920" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20200726162523/http://www.spaceflightfans.cn/event/china-long-march-4c-rocket-launch-satellite-2?instance_id=2920</a> <a href="#fnref:369" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:370"><p>Foust, Jeff (5 December 2019). "Falcon 9 launches Dragon cargo spacecraft to ISS". SpaceNews. Retrieved 5 December 2019. <a href="https://spacenews.com/falcon-9-launches-dragon-cargo-spacecraft-to-iss-2/" target="_blank">https://spacenews.com/falcon-9-launches-dragon-cargo-spacecraft-to-iss-2/</a> <a href="#fnref:370" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:371"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "AztechSat 1". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 11 October 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/aztechsat-1.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/aztechsat-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:371" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:372"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "CIRiS". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 11 October 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/ciris.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/ciris.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:372" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:373"><p>"CIRIS". N2YO.com. 14 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45121" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45121</a> <a href="#fnref:373" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:374"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "CryoCube 1 (CC 1)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 11 October 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/cryocube-1.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/cryocube-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:374" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:375"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "EdgeCube". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 11 October 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/edgecube.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/edgecube.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:375" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:376"><p>"EDGECUBE". N2YO.com. 25 October 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2022. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45124" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45124</a> <a href="#fnref:376" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:377"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "MakerSat 0, 1". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 7 December 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/makersat-0.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/makersat-0.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:377" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:378"><p>Miller, Ashley (5 December 2019). "2C to the stars: Nampa students launch satellite into orbit". The Idaho Press-Tribune. Retrieved 8 December 2019. <a href="https://www.idahopress.com/news/local/c-to-the-stars-nampa-students-launch-satellite-into-orbit/article_40da335b-339d-512f-bedf-919ee7a67a7b.html" target="_blank">https://www.idahopress.com/news/local/c-to-the-stars-nampa-students-launch-satellite-into-orbit/article_40da335b-339d-512f-bedf-919ee7a67a7b.html</a> <a href="#fnref:378" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:379"><p>"OBJECT M". N2YO.com. 29 October 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2022. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45122" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45122</a> <a href="#fnref:379" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:380"><p>Krebs, Gunter (3 February 2020). "MiniCarb (CNGB)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 4 February 2020. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/minicarb.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/minicarb.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:380" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:381"><p>Clark, Stephen (4 April 2019). "Progress cargo freighter docks with space station after fast-track rendezvous". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 6 April 2019.Krebs, Gunter. "ORCA 1,...,8". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 14 August 2022. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/04/04/progress-cargo-freighter-readied-for-fast-track-space-station-delivery/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/04/04/progress-cargo-freighter-readied-for-fast-track-space-station-delivery/</a> <a href="#fnref:381" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:382"><p>Clark, Stephen (4 April 2019). "Progress cargo freighter docks with space station after fast-track rendezvous". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 6 April 2019.Krebs, Gunter. "ORCA 1,...,8". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 14 August 2022. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/04/04/progress-cargo-freighter-readied-for-fast-track-space-station-delivery/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/04/04/progress-cargo-freighter-readied-for-fast-track-space-station-delivery/</a> <a href="#fnref:382" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:383"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "QARMAN (QB50 BE05)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 8 December 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/qarman.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/qarman.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:383" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:384"><p>"New Reentry CubeSat Reaches Orbit". Parabolic Arc. 7 December 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2019. <a href="http://parabolicarc.com/2019/12/07/new-reentry-cubesat-reaches-orbit/" target="_blank">http://parabolicarc.com/2019/12/07/new-reentry-cubesat-reaches-orbit/</a> <a href="#fnref:384" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:385"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "SORTIE (Helio 5)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 11 October 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/sortie.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/sortie.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:385" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:386"><p>"SORTIE". N2YO.com. 18 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45264" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45264</a> <a href="#fnref:386" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:387"><p>Ortiz, Santana (3 December 2019). "AFRL technology set for launch to International Space Station". Air Force Life Cycle Management Center. Retrieved 4 February 2020. <a href="https://www.aflcmc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/2034623/afrl-technology-set-for-launch-to-international-space-station/" target="_blank">https://www.aflcmc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/2034623/afrl-technology-set-for-launch-to-international-space-station/</a> <a href="#fnref:387" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:388"><p>"OBJECT K". N2YO.com. 29 September 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45120" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=45120</a> <a href="#fnref:388" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:389"><p>Krebs, Gunter (20 July 2021). "VPM". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 8 October 2022. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/vpm.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/vpm.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:389" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:390"><p>"AST & Science Announces Successful Launch of Its First Satellite". AST SpaceMobile. Midland, Texas. 23 April 2019. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2022."Upcoming ELaNa CubeSat Launches". NASA. 10 October 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019. <a href="https://ast-science.com/2019/04/23/successful-launch-of-first-satellite/" target="_blank">https://ast-science.com/2019/04/23/successful-launch-of-first-satellite/</a> <a href="#fnref:390" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:391"><p>Safyan, Mike (6 March 2019). "First Up For 2019: PSLV Launch Of 20 Next Generation Doves". Planet Labs.Garcia, Mark (31 January 2020). "U.S. Cygnus Space Freighter Departs Station After 88 Days". NASA. Retrieved 2 February 2020. <a href="https://www.planet.com/pulse/first-up-for-2019-pslv-launch-of-20-next-generation-doves/" target="_blank">https://www.planet.com/pulse/first-up-for-2019-pslv-launch-of-20-next-generation-doves/</a> <a href="#fnref:391" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:392"><p>Clark, Stephen (3 February 2020). "Cygnus departs space station, deploys CubeSats". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 4 February 2020. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/02/03/cygnus-departs-space-station-deploys-cubesats/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/02/03/cygnus-departs-space-station-deploys-cubesats/</a> <a href="#fnref:392" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:393"><p>"FLOCK 4A 17". N2YO.com. 14 March 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023."Nanoracks Completes 17th Commercial Space Station CubeSat Deployment Mission". NanoRacks. 19 February 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2020. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44088" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44088</a> <a href="#fnref:393" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:394"><p>"Running Out Of Fingers". Rocket Lab. 6 December 2019. Retrieved 6 December 2019. <a href="https://www.rocketlabusa.com/missions/completed-missions/running-out-of-fingers/" target="_blank">https://www.rocketlabusa.com/missions/completed-missions/running-out-of-fingers/</a> <a href="#fnref:394" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:395"><p>"人工衛星2号機の動作不良に伴う、人工流れ星の実現延期（2020年→2023年初期）のお知らせ" [The achievement of an artificial meteor shower has been postponed (2020 → early 2023) due to the malfunction of Satellite No. 2]. Astro Live Experiences (in Japanese). 20 April 2020. Retrieved 21 April 2020. <a href="https://star-ale.com/news/2020/04/20/000161.html" target="_blank">https://star-ale.com/news/2020/04/20/000161.html</a> <a href="#fnref:395" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:396"><p>"ATL-1". N2YO.com. Retrieved 16 October 2020. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44831" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44831</a> <a href="#fnref:396" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:397"><p>Krebs, Gunter (5 November 2019). "NOOR 1A, 1B (Unicorn 2B, 2C)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 5 November 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/noor-1.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/noor-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:397" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:398"><p>"NOOR 1A". N2YO.com. Retrieved 24 March 2021. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44827" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44827</a> <a href="#fnref:398" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:399"><p>Krebs, Gunter (5 November 2019). "NOOR 1A, 1B (Unicorn 2B, 2C)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 5 November 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/noor-1.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/noor-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:399" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:400"><p>"NOOR 1B". N2YO.com. Retrieved 13 April 2020. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44828" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44828</a> <a href="#fnref:400" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:401"><p>"Unicorn-2C (NOOR 1B) Success on orbit". Alba Orbital. 10 April 2020. Retrieved 13 April 2020. <a href="http://www.albaorbital.com/new-blog/2020/4/10/unicorn-2c-noor-1b-success-on-orbit" target="_blank">http://www.albaorbital.com/new-blog/2020/4/10/unicorn-2c-noor-1b-success-on-orbit</a> <a href="#fnref:401" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:402"><p>"SMOG-P". N2YO.com. Retrieved 16 October 2020. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44832" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44832</a> <a href="#fnref:402" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:403"><p>"TRSI". N2YO.com. Retrieved 16 October 2020. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44830" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44830</a> <a href="#fnref:403" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:404"><p>"Next Generation Electron Booster on the Pad for Rocket Lab's 10th Mission". Rocket Lab. 5 November 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2019. <a href="https://www.rocketlabusa.com/news/updates/next-generation-electron-booster-on-the-pad-for-rocket-labs-10th-mission/" target="_blank">https://www.rocketlabusa.com/news/updates/next-generation-electron-booster-on-the-pad-for-rocket-labs-10th-mission/</a> <a href="#fnref:404" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:405"><p>Foust, Jeff (6 December 2019). "Electron launches smallsats in test of rocket reusability". SpaceNews. Retrieved 6 December 2019. <a href="https://spacenews.com/electron-launches-smallsats-in-test-of-rocket-reusability/" target="_blank">https://spacenews.com/electron-launches-smallsats-in-test-of-rocket-reusability/</a> <a href="#fnref:405" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:406"><p>Gebhardt, Chris (6 December 2019). "Roscosmos close 2019 Station year for Russia with Progress MS-13 launch". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 6 December 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/roscosmos-close-2019-station-year-progress-ms-13/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/roscosmos-close-2019-station-year-progress-ms-13/</a> <a href="#fnref:406" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:407"><p>"Роскосмос на две недели раньше привезет на МКС подарки к Новому году" [Roscosmos will bring gifts to the ISS two weeks earlier for the New Year] (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 14 September 2019. Retrieved 14 September 2019. <a href="https://ria.ru/20190914/1558682475.html" target="_blank">https://ria.ru/20190914/1558682475.html</a> <a href="#fnref:407" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:408"><p>Barbosa, Rui C. (7 December 2019). "China conducts double Kuaizhou-1A launch from Taiyuan". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 7 December 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/china-double-kuaizhou-1a-launch-taiyuan/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/china-double-kuaizhou-1a-launch-taiyuan/</a> <a href="#fnref:408" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:409"><p>Barbosa, Rui C. (7 December 2019). "China conducts double Kuaizhou-1A launch from Taiyuan". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 7 December 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/china-double-kuaizhou-1a-launch-taiyuan/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/china-double-kuaizhou-1a-launch-taiyuan/</a> <a href="#fnref:409" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:410"><p>Krebs, Gunter (7 December 2019). "HEAD 1, 2A, 2B (Hede 1, 2A, 2B)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 7 December 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/head-1.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/head-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:410" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:411"><p>Krebs, Gunter (7 December 2019). "HEAD 1, 2A, 2B (Hede 1, 2A, 2B)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 7 December 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/head-1.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/head-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:411" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:412"><p>Krebs, Gunter (7 December 2019). "Tianqi 1, 2, 3, 4A, 4B (Tao Xingzhi)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 7 December 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/tianqi-1.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/tianqi-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:412" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:413"><p>Krebs, Gunter (7 December 2019). "Tianqi 1, 2, 3, 4A, 4B (Tao Xingzhi)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 7 December 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/tianqi-1.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/tianqi-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:413" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:414"><p>Graham, William (11 December 2019). "Soyuz 2-1b launches latest GLONASS satellite – returns Plesetsk pad to service". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 11 December 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/soyuz-2-1b-latest-glonass-plesetsk-pad-service/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/soyuz-2-1b-latest-glonass-plesetsk-pad-service/</a> <a href="#fnref:414" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:415"><p>Graham, William (10 December 2019). "Indian PSLV launches RISAT-2BR1 military satellite". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 11 December 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/indian-pslv-launch-risat-2br1-military-satellite/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/indian-pslv-launch-risat-2br1-military-satellite/</a> <a href="#fnref:415" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:416"><p>"PSLV-C48/RISAT-2BR1 Mission Launch Kit" (PDF). ISRO. 5 December 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 December 2019. Retrieved 5 December 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191205131413/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/pslv-c48risat-2br1_mission/files/assets/common/downloads/PSLV-C48RISAT-2BR1%20Mission.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20191205131413/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/pslv-c48risat-2br1_mission/files/assets/common/downloads/PSLV-C48RISAT-2BR1%20Mission.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:416" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:417"><p>Graham, William (11 April 2019). "SpaceX Falcon Heavy launches Arabsat-6A". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 12 April 2019.Krebs, Gunter. "RISAT 2B, 2BR1, 2BR2". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 12 September 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/04/spacex-falcon-heavy-second-launch-arabsat-6a/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/04/spacex-falcon-heavy-second-launch-arabsat-6a/</a> <a href="#fnref:417" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:418"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "QPS-SAR 1, 2 (Izanagi, Izanami)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 21 October 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/qps-sar-1.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/qps-sar-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:418" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:419"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "1HOPSat TD". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 5 December 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/1hopsat-td.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/1hopsat-td.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:419" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:420"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "Duchifat 3". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2 December 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/duchifat-3.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/duchifat-3.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:420" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:421"><p>Krebs, Gunter (6 December 2019). "NANOVA (Tyvak 0092)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 8 December 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/nanova.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/nanova.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:421" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:422"><p>"Elbit Systems Launches to Space a Nanosatellite for Commercial Communication Applications". Elbit Systems. 18 December 2019. Retrieved 24 January 2020. <a href="https://elbitsystems.com/pr-new/elbit-systems-launches-to-space-a-nanosatellite-for-commercial-communication-applications/" target="_blank">https://elbitsystems.com/pr-new/elbit-systems-launches-to-space-a-nanosatellite-for-commercial-communication-applications/</a> <a href="#fnref:422" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:423"><p>Krebs, Gunter (17 January 2020). "Pathfinder Risk Reduction (Tyvak 0129, Pony Express 1)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 23 January 2020. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/pathfinder-risk-reduction.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/pathfinder-risk-reduction.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:423" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:424"><p>Barbosa, Rui C. (16 December 2019). "China nears global coverage with the latest launch of Beidou-3M satellites". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 16 December 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/china-near-global-coverage-latest-launch-beidou-3m-satellites/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/china-near-global-coverage-latest-launch-beidou-3m-satellites/</a> <a href="#fnref:424" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:425"><p>Clark, Stephen (17 December 2019). "Startup launches broadband satellite on SpaceX rocket to connect Pacific islands". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 18 December 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/12/17/startup-launches-broadband-satellite-on-spacex-rocket-to-connect-pacific-islands/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/12/17/startup-launches-broadband-satellite-on-spacex-rocket-to-connect-pacific-islands/</a> <a href="#fnref:425" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:426"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "JCSat 18 / Kacific 1". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 5 September 2017. <a href="http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/jcsat-18_kacific-1.htm" target="_blank">http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/jcsat-18_kacific-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:426" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:427"><p>Clark, Stephen (18 December 2019). "Soyuz launches Italian radar satellite, ESA exoplanet telescope". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 18 December 2019. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/12/18/soyuz-launches-italian-radar-satellite-esa-exoplanet-telescope/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/12/18/soyuz-launches-italian-radar-satellite-esa-exoplanet-telescope/</a> <a href="#fnref:427" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:428"><p>Krebs, Gunter (1 November 2019). "CHEOPS". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 4 November 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/cheops.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/cheops.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:428" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:429"><p>"ANGELS (Argos Neo on a Generic Economical and Light Satellite)". ESA. Retrieved 10 October 2019. <a href="https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/a/angels" target="_blank">https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/a/angels</a> <a href="#fnref:429" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:430"><p>"EyeSat 3U CubeSat astronomy mission to study zodiacal light". ESA. Retrieved 10 October 2019. <a href="https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/e/eyesat" target="_blank">https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/e/eyesat</a> <a href="#fnref:430" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:431"><p>McDowell, Jonathan (27 December 2019). "Jonathan's Space Report No. 773". planet4589.org. Retrieved 27 December 2019. <a href="https://planet4589.org/space/jsr/back/news.773.txt" target="_blank">https://planet4589.org/space/jsr/back/news.773.txt</a> <a href="#fnref:431" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:432"><p>Barbosa, Rui C. (20 December 2019). "Long March 4B lofts CBERS-04A and Ethiopia's first satellite". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 21 December 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/long-march-3b-cbers-04a-ethiopias-first-satellite/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/long-march-3b-cbers-04a-ethiopias-first-satellite/</a> <a href="#fnref:432" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:433"><p>"Satélite CBERS-4A passa por revisão final na China" [CBERS-4A satellite under final review in China]. MundoGeo (in Portuguese). 2 October 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019. <a href="https://mundogeo.com/2019/10/02/satelite-cbers-4a-passa-por-revisao-final-na-china/" target="_blank">https://mundogeo.com/2019/10/02/satelite-cbers-4a-passa-por-revisao-final-na-china/</a> <a href="#fnref:433" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:434"><p>Yimer, Solomon (22 November 2019). "Ethiopia to Launch It's [sic] First-Ever Satellite Next Month". ethio.news. Archived from the original on 23 November 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191123094104/https://ethio.news/2019/11/22/ethiopia-to-launch-its-first-ever-satellite-next-month/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20191123094104/https://ethio.news/2019/11/22/ethiopia-to-launch-its-first-ever-satellite-next-month/</a> <a href="#fnref:434" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:435"><p>""天琴"将奏何妙音？——"天琴一号"发射成功背后的我国引力波探测之问" [What wonderful sounds will "Lira" play? — Question of China's gravitational wave detection after the successful launch of "Tianqin-1"] (in Chinese). Xinhua. 20 December 2019. Archived from the original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221144028/http://www.xinhuanet.com/2019-12/20/c_1125370937.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20191221144028/http://www.xinhuanet.com/2019-12/20/c_1125370937.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:435" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:436"><p>"Weilai 1, 1R (Future 1, 1R)". Gunter's Space Page. 20 December 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/weilai-1.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/weilai-1.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:436" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:437"><p>"FloripaSat-1 – A Brazilian Cubesat mission, developed by university students". UFSC. Retrieved 29 November 2019. <a href="http://floripasat.ufsc.br/" target="_blank">http://floripasat.ufsc.br/</a> <a href="#fnref:437" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:438"><p>Ibeh, Joseph (26 April 2019). "Ethiopian Prime Minister visits CAST to inspect Ethiopia's first satellite ETRSS-1". Space in Africa. Retrieved 6 October 2019. <a href="https://africanews.space/ethiopian-prime-minister-visits-cast-to-inspect-ethiopias-first-satellite-etrss-1/" target="_blank">https://africanews.space/ethiopian-prime-minister-visits-cast-to-inspect-ethiopias-first-satellite-etrss-1/</a> <a href="#fnref:438" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:439"><p>Gebhardt, Chris (19 December 2019). "Boeing, ULA launches Starliner, suffers orbital insertion issue – will return home Sunday". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 22 December 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/boeing-ula-momentous-starliner-uncrewed-test-flight/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/boeing-ula-momentous-starliner-uncrewed-test-flight/</a> <a href="#fnref:439" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:440"><p>Foust, Jeff (20 August 2019). "Commercial crew providers prepare for fall test flights". SpaceNews. Retrieved 20 August 2019. <a href="https://spacenews.com/commercial-crew-providers-prepare-for-fall-test-flights/" target="_blank">https://spacenews.com/commercial-crew-providers-prepare-for-fall-test-flights/</a> <a href="#fnref:440" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:441"><p>Gebhardt, Chris (20 December 2019). "Starliner suffers mission-shortening failure after successful launch". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 22 December 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/starliner-mission-shortening-failure-successful-launch/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/starliner-mission-shortening-failure-successful-launch/</a> <a href="#fnref:441" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:442"><p>Burghardt, Thomas (22 December 2019). "OFT Starliner Makes Early Landing at White Sands". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 22 December 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/oft-starliner-landing-white-sands/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/oft-starliner-landing-white-sands/</a> <a href="#fnref:442" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:443"><p>Graham, William (24 December 2019). "Russian Proton-M lofts new geostationary weather satellite". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 24 December 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/russian-proton-m-new-geostationary-weather-satellite/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/russian-proton-m-new-geostationary-weather-satellite/</a> <a href="#fnref:443" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:444"><p>Graham, William (26 December 2019). "Rokot conducts final launch – carries three Gonets-M satellites to orbit". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 26 December 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/rokot-final-launch-three-gonets-m-satellites/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/rokot-final-launch-three-gonets-m-satellites/</a> <a href="#fnref:444" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:445"><p>Zak, Anatoly (26 December 2019). "Last Rockot launches a satellite cluster". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved 26 December 2019. <a href="http://russianspaceweb.com/gonets-block15.html" target="_blank">http://russianspaceweb.com/gonets-block15.html</a> <a href="#fnref:445" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:446"><p>"OBJECT D". N2YO.com. Retrieved 16 October 2020. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44908" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44908</a> <a href="#fnref:446" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:447"><p>Krebs, Gunter (2 April 2020). "BLITS-M 1, 2". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 21 April 2020. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/blits-m.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/blits-m.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:447" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:448"><p>Gebhardt, Chris (27 December 2019). "Long March 5 conducts critical Return To Flight mission". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 27 December 2019."LINGQUE 1A". N2YO.com. 14 June 2022. Retrieved 9 July 2022. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/long-march-5-critical-rtf-mission/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/12/long-march-5-critical-rtf-mission/</a> <a href="#fnref:448" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:449"><p>"长征五号 • 实践二十号 • 长征五号恢复发射" [Long March 5 • Shijian 20 • Long March 5 reflight]. spaceflightfans.cn (in Chinese). 27 December 2019. Archived from the original on 11 August 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200811033524/http://www.spaceflightfans.cn/event/cz-5-yz-2_shijian-18-2?instance_id=1276" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20200811033524/http://www.spaceflightfans.cn/event/cz-5-yz-2_shijian-18-2?instance_id=1276</a> <a href="#fnref:449" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:450"><p>Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-5 (Chang Zheng-5)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 20 May 2019. <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-5.htm" target="_blank">https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-5.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:450" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:451"><p>Bergin, Chris (23 January 2019). "Blue Origin conducts New Shepard's 10th test flight". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 23 January 2019. <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/01/blue-origin-launch-new-shepard-10th-flight/" target="_blank">https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/01/blue-origin-launch-new-shepard-10th-flight/</a> <a href="#fnref:451" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:452"><p>Malik, Tariq (18 April 2019). "Antares Rocket Launches Cygnus Cargo Ship on Marathon Mission for NASA". Space.com. Retrieved 17 April 2020.Clark, Stephen (19 January 2019). "Blue Origin aims to launch delayed New Shepard flight Monday". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 20 January 2019. <a href="https://www.space.com/antares-rocket-cygnus-ng-11-cargo-launch-success.html" target="_blank">https://www.space.com/antares-rocket-cygnus-ng-11-cargo-launch-success.html</a> <a href="#fnref:452" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:453"><p>"Exclusive: India Conducted a Failed Anti-Satellite Test in February 2019". <a href="https://thediplomat.com/2019/04/exclusive-india-conducted-a-failed-anti-satellite-test-in-february-2019/" target="_blank">https://thediplomat.com/2019/04/exclusive-india-conducted-a-failed-anti-satellite-test-in-february-2019/</a> <a href="#fnref:453" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:454"><p>"Exos Aerospace reflies suborbital rocket". SpaceNews.com. 7 March 2019. <a href="https://spacenews.com/exos-aerospace-reflies-suborbital-rocket/" target="_blank">https://spacenews.com/exos-aerospace-reflies-suborbital-rocket/</a> <a href="#fnref:454" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:455"><p>"A Rocket Built by Students Reached Space for the First Time". 22 May 2019. Retrieved 22 May 2019. <a href="https://www.wired.com/story/a-rocket-built-by-students-reached-space-for-the-first-time/" target="_blank">https://www.wired.com/story/a-rocket-built-by-students-reached-space-for-the-first-time/</a> <a href="#fnref:455" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:456"><p>"潮科技 「凌空天行」"天行I-1"首次水平回收技术验证火箭试飞成功" (in Chinese). <a href="https://page.om.qq.com/page/OGkQEhVAv74j2edoxw2oxk0g0" target="_blank">https://page.om.qq.com/page/OGkQEhVAv74j2edoxw2oxk0g0</a> <a href="#fnref:456" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:457"><p>Blue Origin [@blueorigin] (1 May 2019). "We are targeting the next launch of #NewShepard tomorrow May 2nd at 8:30 am CDT / 13:30 UTC. The mission will take 38 microgravity research payloads to space. Watch the launch live at https://t.co/XNq9WB3aZ2 #NS11 https://t.co/wVNRYgKsjY" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2023 – via Twitter. <a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" target="_blank">/wiki/Blue_Origin</a> <a href="#fnref:457" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:458"><p>"観測ロケット「宇宙品質にシフトMOMO3号機」打上げ実験の結果について" [Result of the launch of the MOMO3 sounding rocket] (PDF) (in Japanese). Interstellar Technologies. 5 May 2019. Retrieved 5 May 2019. <a href="http://www.istellartech.com/7hbym/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/IST-PressRelease_2019050501.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.istellartech.com/7hbym/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/IST-PressRelease_2019050501.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:458" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:459"><p>"NASA Mission to Study Earth's Atmosphere by Forming Artificial Night-time Clouds over Marshall Islands". NASA. 30 May 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2019. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wallops/2019/feature/nasa-mission-to-study-earth-s-atmosphere-by-forming-artificial-night-time-clouds-over" target="_blank">https://www.nasa.gov/wallops/2019/feature/nasa-mission-to-study-earth-s-atmosphere-by-forming-artificial-night-time-clouds-over</a> <a href="#fnref:459" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:460"><p>"NASA Launches Student Experiments to Space on a Suborbital Rocket". NASA. 20 June 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2019. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wallops/2019/feature/nasa-launches-student-experiments-to-space-on-a-suborbital-rocket" target="_blank">https://www.nasa.gov/wallops/2019/feature/nasa-launches-student-experiments-to-space-on-a-suborbital-rocket</a> <a href="#fnref:460" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:461"><p>Parsonson, Andrew (30 June 2019). "Exos Aerospace Recovers SARGE Vehicle Despite Anomaly". Rocket Rundown. Retrieved 10 July 2019. <a href="https://rocketrundown.com/exos-aerospace-recovers-sarge-vehicle-despite-anomaly/" target="_blank">https://rocketrundown.com/exos-aerospace-recovers-sarge-vehicle-despite-anomaly/</a> <a href="#fnref:461" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:462"><p>"U.S. Revives Secret Program to Sabotage Iranian Missiles and Rockets". The New York Times. 13 February 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2019.Cooper, Ben (17 October 2019). "Rocket Launch Viewing Guide for Cape Canaveral". Launchphotography.com. Archived from the original on 9 February 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2019. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/13/us/politics/iran-missile-launch-failures.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/13/us/politics/iran-missile-launch-failures.html</a> <a href="#fnref:462" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:463"><p>"Orion AA-2". NASA / Langley Research Center / Flight Projects Directorate. Archived from the original on 13 May 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2017. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170513045239/https://fpd.larc.nasa.gov/orion-aa-2.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170513045239/https://fpd.larc.nasa.gov/orion-aa-2.html</a> <a href="#fnref:463" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:464"><p>Cawley, James (2 July 2019). "Ascent Abort-2 Hailed as 'Spectacular' Flight Test". NASA. Retrieved 20 July 2019. <a href="https://blogs.nasa.gov/aa2/2019/07/02/ascent-abort-2-hailed-as-spectacular-flight-test/" target="_blank">https://blogs.nasa.gov/aa2/2019/07/02/ascent-abort-2-hailed-as-spectacular-flight-test/</a> <a href="#fnref:464" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:465"><p>Eshel, Tamir (28 July 2019). "Arrow-3 Successfully Intercepts Medium-Range Target Missile over the Pacific Ocean". Defense Update. Retrieved 4 August 2019. <a href="https://defense-update.com/20190728_arrow-3-test.html" target="_blank">https://defense-update.com/20190728_arrow-3-test.html</a> <a href="#fnref:465" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:466"><p>"The CNS North Korea Missile Test Database". Nuclear Threat Initiative. Retrieved 27 January 2025. <a href="https://www.nti.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/north_korea_missile_test_database.xlsx" target="_blank">https://www.nti.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/north_korea_missile_test_database.xlsx</a> <a href="#fnref:466" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:467"><p>"Black Dagger target missile launched from Fort Wingate to White Sands". 17 October 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2023. <a href="https://www.koat.com/article/black-dagger-target-missile-launched-from-fort-wingate-to-white-sands/29501326" target="_blank">https://www.koat.com/article/black-dagger-target-missile-launched-from-fort-wingate-to-white-sands/29501326</a> <a href="#fnref:467" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:468"><p>Foust, Jeff (26 October 2019). "Exos Aerospace suborbital launch fails". SpaceNews. Retrieved 23 November 2019. <a href="https://spacenews.com/exos-aerospace-suborbital-launch-fails/" target="_blank">https://spacenews.com/exos-aerospace-suborbital-launch-fails/</a> <a href="#fnref:468" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:469"><p>Clark, Stuart (31 October 2019). "Spacewatch: Nasa tests new imaging technology in space". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 November 2019. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/oct/31/spacewatch-nasa-tests-new-imaging-technology-in-space" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/oct/31/spacewatch-nasa-tests-new-imaging-technology-in-space</a> <a href="#fnref:469" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:470"><p>"UP Aerospace Announces Successful Launch of Space Loft-14 Rocket from Spaceport America". UP Aerospace. 27 November 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2019. <a href="https://mailchi.mp/spaceportamerica/up-aerospace-announces-successful-launch-of-space-loft-14-rocket-from-spaceport-america?e=e55c5d51bd" target="_blank">https://mailchi.mp/spaceportamerica/up-aerospace-announces-successful-launch-of-space-loft-14-rocket-from-spaceport-america?e=e55c5d51bd</a> <a href="#fnref:470" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:471"><p>"The ICI-5 sounding rocket launched 07:43:04 UT Nov. 26th from Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, into a beautiful red auroral arc". Andøya Space Center. 27 November 2019. Archived from the original on 5 December 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191205102255/https://www.andoyaspace.no/2019/11/27/the-ici-5-sounding-rocket-launched-074304-ut-nov-26th-from-ny-alesund-svalbard-into-a-beautiful-red-auroral-arc/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20191205102255/https://www.andoyaspace.no/2019/11/27/the-ici-5-sounding-rocket-launched-074304-ut-nov-26th-from-ny-alesund-svalbard-into-a-beautiful-red-auroral-arc/</a> <a href="#fnref:471" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:472"><p>Rout, Hemant Kumar (1 December 2019). "Nuclear capable Agni-III missile fails in maiden night trial". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 9 December 2019. <a href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2019/dec/01/nuclear-capable-agni-iii-missile-fails-in-maiden-night-trial-2069737.html" target="_blank">https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2019/dec/01/nuclear-capable-agni-iii-missile-fails-in-maiden-night-trial-2069737.html</a> <a href="#fnref:472" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:473"><p>Foust, Jeff (11 December 2019). "New Shepard sets reusability mark on latest suborbital spaceflight". SpaceNews. Retrieved 12 December 2019. <a href="https://spacenews.com/new-shepard-sets-reusability-mark-on-latest-suborbital-spaceflight/" target="_blank">https://spacenews.com/new-shepard-sets-reusability-mark-on-latest-suborbital-spaceflight/</a> <a href="#fnref:473" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:474"><p>"Vandenberg AFB supports missile flight test". Vandenberg Air Force Base. 12 December 2019. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191213125843/https://www.vandenberg.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/2038928/vandenberg-afb-supports-missile-flight-test/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20191213125843/https://www.vandenberg.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/2038928/vandenberg-afb-supports-missile-flight-test/</a> <a href="#fnref:474" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:475"><p>"中国凌空天行民营企业发射天行1火箭完成遥二飞行试验任务" (in Chinese). <a href="https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvMzM4NDUwNDQ1LzE2ODM4MzQxNy5zaHRtbA==.html" target="_blank">https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvMzM4NDUwNDQ1LzE2ODM4MzQxNy5zaHRtbA==.html</a> <a href="#fnref:475" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:476"><p>McDowell, Jonathan [@planet4589] (8 December 2018). "Chang'e-4 confirmed in 200 x 420000 km orbit on the way to Luna. Should reach lunar orbit around Dec 11. Landing in the South Pole -Aitken Basin (SPA to its friends) scheduled for Jan 4. https://t.co/9GX0DaTTqC" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 29 December 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2023 – via Twitter. <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_McDowell" target="_blank">/wiki/Jonathan_McDowell</a> <a href="#fnref:476" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:477"><p>Davis, Jason (16 January 2019). "Hayabusa2 team sets date for sample collection, considers two touchdown sites". Planetary Society. Retrieved 11 March 2019. <a href="http://www.planetary.org/blogs/jason-davis/hayabusa2-updates-sample-collection.html" target="_blank">http://www.planetary.org/blogs/jason-davis/hayabusa2-updates-sample-collection.html</a> <a href="#fnref:477" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:478"><p>Chang, Kenneth (11 April 2019). "Israel's Beresheet Spacecraft Moon Landing Attempt Appears to End in Crash". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 April 2019. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/11/science/israel-moon-landing-beresheet.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/11/science/israel-moon-landing-beresheet.html</a> <a href="#fnref:478" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:479"><p>McDowell, Jonathan (22 September 2019). "Jonathan's Space Report No. 769". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved 6 October 2019. <a href="http://planet4589.org/space/jsr/back/news.769.txt" target="_blank">http://planet4589.org/space/jsr/back/news.769.txt</a> <a href="#fnref:479" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:480"><p>"Spacewalkers Complete Battery Swaps for Station Power Upgrades – Space Station". blogs.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2 June 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200602183810/https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/03/22/spacewalkers-complete-battery-swaps-for-station-power-upgrades/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20200602183810/https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/03/22/spacewalkers-complete-battery-swaps-for-station-power-upgrades/</a> <a href="#fnref:480" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:481"><p>Weitering, Hanneke (22 March 2019). "Spacewalking Astronauts Swap Space Station Batteries in Power Upgrade". Space.com. Retrieved 29 March 2019. <a href="https://www.space.com/spacewalking-astronauts-upgrade-space-station-power-grid-exp59.html" target="_blank">https://www.space.com/spacewalking-astronauts-upgrade-space-station-power-grid-exp59.html</a> <a href="#fnref:481" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:482"><p>"Spacewalkers Complete Battery Swaps for Station Power Upgrades – Space Station". blogs.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2 June 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200602183810/https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/03/22/spacewalkers-complete-battery-swaps-for-station-power-upgrades/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20200602183810/https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/03/22/spacewalkers-complete-battery-swaps-for-station-power-upgrades/</a> <a href="#fnref:482" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:483"><p>Weitering, Hanneke (29 March 2019). "Spacewalking Astronauts Replace Old Batteries on Space Station". Space.com. Retrieved 29 March 2019. <a href="https://www.space.com/spacewalking-astronauts-replace-old-station-batteries-exp59.html" target="_blank">https://www.space.com/spacewalking-astronauts-replace-old-station-batteries-exp59.html</a> <a href="#fnref:483" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:484"><p>"Spacewalkers Complete Battery Swaps for Station Power Upgrades – Space Station". blogs.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2 June 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200602183810/https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/03/22/spacewalkers-complete-battery-swaps-for-station-power-upgrades/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20200602183810/https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/03/22/spacewalkers-complete-battery-swaps-for-station-power-upgrades/</a> <a href="#fnref:484" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:485"><p>"U.S. and Canadian Astronauts Wrap Up Power Upgrades Spacewalk – Space Station". blogs.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2 June 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200602183722/https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/04/08/u-s-and-canadian-astronauts-wrap-up-power-upgrades-spacewalk/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20200602183722/https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/04/08/u-s-and-canadian-astronauts-wrap-up-power-upgrades-spacewalk/</a> <a href="#fnref:485" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:486"><p>Garcia, Mark (21 August 2019). "Spacewalkers Complete Installation of Second Commercial Docking Port". NASA. Archived from the original on 2 June 2020. Retrieved 23 November 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200602183325/https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/08/21/spacewalkers-complete-installation-of-second-commercial-docking-port/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20200602183325/https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/08/21/spacewalkers-complete-installation-of-second-commercial-docking-port/</a> <a href="#fnref:486" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:487"><p>Garcia, Mark (6 October 2019). "First of Five Power Upgrade Spacewalks This Month Wraps Up". NASA. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191006202320/https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/10/06/first-of-five-power-upgrade-spacewalks-this-month-wraps-up//" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20191006202320/https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/10/06/first-of-five-power-upgrade-spacewalks-this-month-wraps-up//</a> <a href="#fnref:487" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:488"><p>Moran, Norah (11 October 2019). "Second of Five Power Upgrade Spacewalks Wraps Up". NASA. Archived from the original on 18 October 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191018011801/https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/10/11/second-of-five-power-upgrade-spacewalks-wraps-up/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20191018011801/https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/10/11/second-of-five-power-upgrade-spacewalks-wraps-up/</a> <a href="#fnref:488" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:489"><p>Malik, Tariq (11 October 2019). "Astronauts Mourn Alexei Leonov, the World's 1st Spacewalker, While On a Spacewalk of Their Own". Space.com. Retrieved 23 November 2019. <a href="https://www.space.com/spacewalking-astronauts-mourn-cosmonaut-alexei-leonov-death.html" target="_blank">https://www.space.com/spacewalking-astronauts-mourn-cosmonaut-alexei-leonov-death.html</a> <a href="#fnref:489" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:490"><p>Garcia, Mark (18 October 2019). "NASA Astronauts Wrap Up Historic All-Woman Spacewalk". NASA. Archived from the original on 30 December 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191230011009/https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/10/18/nasa-astronauts-wrap-up-historic-all-woman-spacewalk/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20191230011009/https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/10/18/nasa-astronauts-wrap-up-historic-all-woman-spacewalk/</a> <a href="#fnref:490" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:491"><p>"Spacewalkers Complete First Excursion to Repair Cosmic Particle Detector – Space Station". blogs.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 15 November 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191115234246/https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/11/15/spacewalkers-complete-first-excursion-to-repair-cosmic-particle-detector/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20191115234246/https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/11/15/spacewalkers-complete-first-excursion-to-repair-cosmic-particle-detector/</a> <a href="#fnref:491" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:492"><p>"Astronauts Complete Intricate Tasks During Second Cosmic Repair Spacewalk – Space Station". blogs.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 5 June 2020. Retrieved 22 November 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200605192446/https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/11/22/astronauts-complete-intricate-tasks-during-second-cosmic-repair-spacewalk/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20200605192446/https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/11/22/astronauts-complete-intricate-tasks-during-second-cosmic-repair-spacewalk/</a> <a href="#fnref:492" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:493"><p>"Astronauts Wrap Up Third Spacewalk for Cosmic Particle Detector Repairs – Space Station". blogs.nasa.gov. 2 December 2019. Retrieved 2 December 2019. <a href="https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/12/02/astronauts-wrap-up-third-spacewalk-for-cosmic-particle-detector-repairs/" target="_blank">https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/12/02/astronauts-wrap-up-third-spacewalk-for-cosmic-particle-detector-repairs/</a> <a href="#fnref:493" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:494"><p>T.S. Kelso [@TSKelso] (22 August 2019). "CelesTrak also has 3 more TLEs for debris from the Indian ASAT test (MICROSAT-R DEB). That brings the total, so far, to 121 pieces (including the original), of which only 65 have decayed —148 days after the event: https://t.co/yHuEC6Ac6l https://t.co/1S52MRjXtk" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 29 December 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2023 – via Twitter. <a href="https://x.com/TSKelso/status/1164424542728675331" target="_blank">https://x.com/TSKelso/status/1164424542728675331</a> <a href="#fnref:494" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:495"><p>DiMascio, Jen (27 March 2019). "Indian ASAT Test Likely Targeted Microsat-R". Aviation Week. Retrieved 29 March 2019. <a href="https://aviationweek.com/awinspace/indian-asat-test-likely-targeted-microsat-r" target="_blank">https://aviationweek.com/awinspace/indian-asat-test-likely-targeted-microsat-r</a> <a href="#fnref:495" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:496"><p>"US cautions nations on ASAT tests; warns of space debris". Business Today. 28 March 2019. Retrieved 29 March 2019. <a href="https://www.businesstoday.in/technology/news/us-cautions-nations-on-asat-tests-warns-of-space-debris/story/331822.html" target="_blank">https://www.businesstoday.in/technology/news/us-cautions-nations-on-asat-tests-warns-of-space-debris/story/331822.html</a> <a href="#fnref:496" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:497"><p>National Aeronautics and Space Administration (1 August 2019). "Orbital Debris Quarterly News" (PDF). Retrieved 5 November 2019. <a href="https://orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov/quarterly-news/pdfs/odqnv23i3.pdf" target="_blank">https://orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov/quarterly-news/pdfs/odqnv23i3.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:497" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:498"><p>Space-Track.org (6 August 2019). "Satellite Situation Report". TLE. Retrieved 6 November 2019. <a href="https://www.space-track.org/#ssr" target="_blank">https://www.space-track.org/#ssr</a> <a href="#fnref:498" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:499"><p>National Aeronautics and Space Administration (1 August 2019). "Orbital Debris Quarterly News" (PDF). Retrieved 5 November 2019. <a href="https://orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov/quarterly-news/pdfs/odqnv23i3.pdf" target="_blank">https://orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov/quarterly-news/pdfs/odqnv23i3.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:499" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:500"><p>"AEROCUBE 10A (JIMSAT)". N2YO.com. 4 May 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.National Aeronautics and Space Administration (November 2019). "Orbital Debris Quarterly News" (PDF). Space News. Retrieved 4 February 2020. <a href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44485" target="_blank">https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44485</a> <a href="#fnref:500" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:501"><p>No fragments have entered the SSN catalog as 2/4/20 <a href="#fnref:501" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:502"><p>Due to difficulties in tracking objects in deep space elliptical orbits it is unknown how many fragments were generated <a href="#fnref:502" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>