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Orizaba Nahuatl
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<h2 id="phonology">Phonology</h2> <h3>Vowels</h3> Short<table><tbody><tr><th></th><th><a href="/facts/Front_vowel/htKQs3AT">Front</a></th><th><a href="/facts/Back_vowel/gyHoGCH0">Back</a></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/High_vowel/Ne6tHQHR">High</a></th><td><a href="/facts/Close_front_unrounded_vowel/rSUdlCPU">i</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Mid_vowel/uzjGLRhf">Mid</a></th><td><a href="/facts/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel/e9YNLF97">e</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel/VwS9cKWJ">o</a></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Low_vowel/roS0Y7lA">Low</a></th><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Open_front_unrounded_vowel/s80pvmYh">a</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Long<table><tbody><tr><th></th><th><a href="/facts/Front_vowel/htKQs3AT">Front</a></th><th><a href="/facts/Back_vowel/gyHoGCH0">Back</a></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/High_vowel/Ne6tHQHR">High</a></th><td><a href="/facts/Close_front_unrounded_vowel/rSUdlCPU">iː</a> ⟨ī⟩</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Mid_vowel/uzjGLRhf">Mid</a></th><td><a href="/facts/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel/e9YNLF97">eː</a> ⟨ē⟩</td><td><a href="/facts/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel/VwS9cKWJ">oː</a> ⟨ō⟩</td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Low_vowel/roS0Y7lA">Low</a></th><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Open_front_unrounded_vowel/s80pvmYh">aː</a> ⟨ā⟩</td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Consonants</h3> Consonants<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a><table><tbody><tr><th rowspan="2"></th><th rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Labial_consonant/bv4MqTMf">Labial</a></th><th colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Apical_consonant/L7691gMF">Apical</a></th><th rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Postalveolar_consonant/YUo5nJly">Post-alveolar</a></th><th colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Velar_consonant/blWClp79">Velar</a></th><th rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Glottal_consonant/rMdEdLxH">Glottal</a></th></tr><tr><th>Central</th><th>Lateral</th><th>Unrounded</th><th><a href="/facts/Labialization/gxgAWAQI">Rounded</a></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Nasal_consonant/m6D3cVhe">Nasal</a></th><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_bilabial_nasal/1pd7NK2x">m</a> ⟨m⟩</td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_alveolar_nasal/0CEs8314">n</a> ~ <a href="/facts/Voiced_velar_nasal/r6v5q92L">ŋ</a> ⟨n⟩</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Plosive/okC9pztc">Plosive</a></th><td><a href="/facts/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive/w4M9Igp6">p</a> ⟨p⟩</td><td><a href="/facts/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive/1GaDe2Vy">t</a> ⟨t⟩</td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiceless_velar_plosive/dDppVb6e">k</a> ⟨k⟩</td><td><a href="/facts/Labialization/gxgAWAQI">kʷ</a> ⟨kw⟩</td><td><a href="/facts/Voiceless_glottal_fricative/lfRB7CPW">h</a> ⟨h⟩</td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Affricate/Fn2y7FIA">Affricate</a></th><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate/YfPyNGjE">ts</a> ⟨ts⟩</td><td><a href="/facts/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_affricate/js2wGUT3">tɬ</a> ⟨tl⟩</td><td><a href="/facts/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate/14FYMJvN">tʃ</a> ⟨ch⟩</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Fricative/1FQuuhfX">Fricative</a></th><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant/HLDqbrvr">w</a> ~ <a href="/facts/Voiced_bilabial_fricative/2ljHM92m">β</a> ~ <a href="/facts/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative/mccNzbmL">ɸ</a> ⟨w⟩</td><td><a href="/facts/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative/WLKtEYDe">s</a> ⟨s⟩</td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant/dgbHhqeK">l</a> ⟨l⟩</td><td><a href="/facts/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative/enUwqS2w">ʃ</a> ⟨x⟩</td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_velar_fricative/ESy9fy1G">ɣ</a> ⟨g⟩</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Semivowel/9nPDkQdw">Semivowel</a></th><td></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_palatal_approximant/v0NVCbUh">j</a> ⟨y⟩</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="writing">Writing</h2> <p>The <a href="/facts/Orthography/sJPhCpsU">orthography</a> of Orizaba Nahuatl (nlv) is similar to that of <a href="/facts/Classical_Nahuatl_language/M8SRzRmf">Classical Nahuatl</a> (nah), though it features the <a href="/facts/Consonants/81X2SGS6">consonants</a> of this modern variety internationally rather than on the basis of <a href="/facts/Castilian_language/wwtnFwk9">Castilian</a> (<a href="/facts/Spanish_language/95BgYNfv">Spanish</a>) orthography: </p> <ul><li>"I will enter his/her house."</li></ul> "Nicalaquīz īcal." [nah] "Nikalakīs īkal." [nlv] <p>This corresponds to a more phonetic translation while still making use of <a href="/facts/Macron_(diacritic)/41AF4mKp">macrons</a> to mark long vowels. In this orthography the name of the language is Nawatl (as capitalized for English speakers), rather than Nahuatl. Most grammar and vocabulary changes are minor, most of them corresponding to neologisms and loan words from <a href="/facts/Spanish_language/95BgYNfv">Spanish</a>. Example: </p> <ul><li>"Now/At this moment/Today."</li></ul> "Āxcān." [nah] "Axan." [nlv] <p>(In this case both long vowels and intermediate consonant are lost.) </p><p>Some loanwords from Spanish: </p> "Kahwen" (from <i>café</i>, <a href="/facts/Coffee/Q4Ko2C7I">coffee</a>; also used in Classical Nahuatl as <i>cafetzin</i>). "Kawayoh" (from <i>caballo</i>, <a href="/facts/Horse/uQ3FA0Ak">horse</a>; also used in Classical Nahuatl as <i>cahuayoh</i>). "Kochih" (from <i>coche</i>, <a href="/facts/Automobile/I1IsH8IK">car</a>). "Refreskoh" (from <i>refresco</i>, <a href="/facts/Soft_drink/wrh7dUAC">soft drink</a> or soda). <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul> <li>Mexico portal</li><li>Languages portal</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="http://www.sil.org/~tuggyd/NahuatlLecciones/Intro/Lecc_00c_indice_NLV.htm">Orizaba Nahuatl lessons</a></li></ul> <i>Orizaba Nahuatl test</i> of <a href="/facts/Wikipedia/KDRNKWnc">Wikipedia</a> at Wikimedia Incubator <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>[1], Orizaba Nawatl, SIL-México, retrieved 19 Nov, 2007 <a href="http://www.sil.org/mexico/nahuatl/orizaba/00e-Orizaba-nlv.htm" target="_blank">http://www.sil.org/mexico/nahuatl/orizaba/00e-Orizaba-nlv.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Orizaba Nahuatl at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) <a href="https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/nlv" target="_blank">https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/nlv</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Orizaba Nahuatl at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) <a href="https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/nlv" target="_blank">https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/nlv</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Orizaba Nahuatl at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) <a href="https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/nlv" target="_blank">https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/nlv</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Orizaba Nahuatl at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) <a href="https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/nlv" target="_blank">https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/nlv</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Theodore R. Goller; Patricia L. Goller; Viola G. Waterhouse (April 1974). "The Phonemes of Orizaba Nahuatl". International Journal of American Linguistics. 40 (2): 126–131. doi:10.1086/465295. JSTOR 1264347. S2CID 142992381. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>