Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction

<p><a href="/facts/Pakistan/cbIsvJy1">Pakistan</a> is one of <a href="/facts/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons/urhNKh4Q">nine states</a> that possess <a href="/facts/Nuclear_weapon/QVdBcMdm">nuclear weapons</a>, and is not party to the Nuclear Non-Profileration Treaty (NPT) and any of its provisions. As of 2025, multiple unofficial sources indicate a stockpile of 170 warheads (fission type).  Pakistan maintains a doctrine of <a href="/facts/Full_spectrum_deterrence/fW8DhbJT">minimum credible deterrence</a> instead of a no first-use policy, promising to use "any weapon in its arsenal" to protect its interests in case of an aggressive attack.
</p><p>Pakistan is not widely suspected of either producing biological weapons or having an offensive biological programme. Pakistan has ratified the <a href="/facts/Geneva_Protocol/ws7wUzjU">Geneva Protocol</a>, the <a href="/facts/Chemical_Weapons_Convention/eP3Vsv5o">Chemical Weapons Convention</a>, as well as the <a href="/facts/Biological_Weapons_Convention/IqQq04GD">Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention</a>).
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Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction open-in-new

Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction