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Applied mathematics

Arrow's impossibility theorem
Proof all ranked voting rules have spoilers
Assignment problem
Combinatorial optimization problem
Battle of the sexes (game theory)
Two-player coordination game in game theory
Coding theory
Study of the properties of codes and their fitness
Common knowledge (logic)
A statement that players know and also know that other players know (ad infinitum)
Condorcet paradox
Situation in social choice theory where collective preferences are cyclic
Data compression
Process of encoding information using fewer bits than the original representation
DR-DOS
MS-DOS-like operating system
Duality (optimization)
Term in mathematical optimization theory
Dynamic programming
Problem optimization method.
Ellipsoid method
Iterative method for minimizing convex functions
Entropy (information theory)
Expected amount of information needed to specify the output of a stochastic data source
Error detection and correction
Techniques that enable reliable delivery of digital data over unreliable communication channels
Extensive-form game
A specification of a game in game theory
Feasible region
Set of all possible points of an optimization problem that satisfy the problem's constraints
Game theory
The study of mathematical models of strategic interaction between rational decision-makers
Hamming code
Family of linear error-correcting codes
Hungarian algorithm
Combinatorial optimization algorithm for the assignment problem
Information set (game theory)
In game theory, set of all possible actions for a given player, built on their observations and a set for a particular player that, given what that player has observed, shows the decision vertices available which are undistinguishable to them
Information theory
Theory dealing with information
Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions
First-order necessary conditions for a solution in nonlinear programming to be optimal
Linear programming
Method to solve some optimization problems
Mathematical optimization
Study of mathematical algorithms for optimization problems
Nash equilibrium
Solution concept of a non-cooperative game
Nonlinear programming
Solution process for some optimization problems
Normal-form game
Strategic game described by matrix
Operations research
Discipline concerning the application of advanced analytical methods
Perfect information
Condition in economics and game theory
Prisoner's dilemma
Canonical example of a game analyzed in game theory
Reed–Solomon error correction
Error-correcting codes
Repeated game
Game that repeats a base game
Simplex algorithm
Algorithm
Social choice theory
Academic discipline
Strategic dominance
Quality of a strategic game player's strategy being better than another, for all opponents' strategies
Strategy (game theory)
Complete plan on how a game player will behave in every possible game situation
Transportation theory (mathematics)
The mathematical study of optimal transportation and allocation of resources
Zero-sum game
Situation where total gains match total losses