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Medicine

Albrecht von Graefe

German ophthalmologist

Alexander Fleming

Scottish physician and microbiologist (1881–1955)

Alexander S. Wiener

American hematologist (1907-1976)

Alexandre Yersin

Swiss-born French physician and microbiologist

French surgeon and biologist (1873–1944)

American physician and toxicologist (1869–1970)

British epidemiologist

French barber surgeon

American physiologist

Andreas Vesalius

Flemish anatomist, physician and author (1514–1564)

American immunologist (born 1940)

Austin Bradford Hill

English epidemiologist and statistician (1897–1991)

Australian physician

American neurosurgeon and 17th US Secretary of Housing and Urban Development

American pediatrician and writer (1903–1998)

Bernard Peyrilhe

French chemist and oncologist

Bernardino Ramazzini

Italian malariologist

C. Everett Koop

American pediatric surgeon and public health administrator (1916–2013)

Caldwell Esselstyn

American physician

Scottish physician, painter and theologian (1774–1842)

Charles R. Drew

American surgeon and medical researcher (1904–1950)

Charles Thomas Jackson

Christiaan Barnard

South-African cardiac surgeon

Christian Wilhelm Braune

German anatomist

19th-century French physiologist

19th-century American physician

Congolese gynecologist, Nobel laureate

19th-century American social reformer

American dentist

English physician, scientist and pioneer of vaccination

Élie Metchnikoff

19th and 20th-century Russian and French immunologist, embryologist, biologist, and Nobel laureat

Elizabeth Kenny

Australian nurse

American biochemist (1879–1967)

Emil du Bois-Reymond

German physician and physiologist (1818-1896)

Emil von Behring

German physiologist (1854–1917)

Ephraim McDowell

American physician (1771–1830)

American neurosurgeon (1879–1958)

Félix d'Hérelle

French microbiologist

Florence Nightingale

English founder of modern nursing (1820–1910)

Francis Collins

American physician-scientist (born 1950)

Françoise Barré-Sinoussi

French virologist and Nobel laureate (born 1947)

Frank Gotch (physician)

American physician

Frank Pantridge

Northern Irish cardiologist and inventor (1916–2004)

New Zealand-Australian ophthalmologist

Gabriele Falloppio

Italian anatomist (1523-1562)

American abortion provider (1941–2009)

German bacteriologist (1895–1964)

Greene Vardiman Black

American dentistry academic

Guy de Chauliac

French surgeon (ca. 1300-1368)

Hanaoka Seishū

Japanese surgeon of the Edo period

Austrian physician (1906–1980)

Harald zur Hausen

German virologist and professor emeritus (born 1936)

New Zealand plastic surgeon (1882–1960)

American neurosurgeon (1869–1939)

Chinese scientist (born 1984)

Herbert Needleman

American psychiatrist and lead researcher

Hieronymus Fabricius

Italian physician, anatomist and surgeon (1533–1619)

Howard Atwood Kelly

American academic and gynecologist

Australian pathologist (1898–1968)

Chinese physician (c. 140–208)

Hubertus Strughold

German scientist and perpetrator of Nazi-sponsored medical torture; participant in Operation Paperclip

Hugh Owen Thomas

Ian Clunies Ross

Australian scientist

Ignaz Semmelweis

Early pioneer of antiseptic procedures

American physician and gynecologist (1813-1883)

Scottish physician

Jean-Martin Charcot

French neurologist

Jérôme Lejeune

French pediatrician and geneticist

John Harvey Kellogg

American physician, inventor, and businessman

John Hunter (surgeon)

British surgeon (1752–1802)

John Scott Haldane

British physiologist and decompression researcher (1860–1936)

English epidemiologist and physician

British physiologist

20th-century American virologist; inventor of the polio vaccine

Nazi SS doctor at Auschwitz (1911–1979)

19th and 20th-century British surgeon and antiseptic pioneer

Karl Landsteiner

Jewish-Austrian biologist, physician and Nobel Prize laureate

Kitasato Shibasaburō

Japanese bacteriologist, immunologist

Chinese polymath and scientist (1517–1593)

Chinese physician who raised awareness about COVID-19 outbreak

French chemist, pharmacist and microbiologist (1822–1895)

French virologist and Nobel Laureate

Italian physician, physicist, and philosopher

Macfarlane Burnet

Australian virologist (1899–1985)

Marcello Malpighi

Italian physician (1628-1694)

Marguerite Davis

American chemist

Maurice Hilleman

American vaccinologist

Michael DeBakey

American cardiac and vascular surgeon and innovator

Michael M. C. Lai

Taiwanese virologist (born 1942)

Michael Servetus

16th-century Spanish theologian, physician, cartographer and Renaissance humanist

Niall Ó Glacáin

Irish physician (c. 1563 – 1653)

British neurologist and writer

Otto Heinrich Warburg

German physiologist and Nobel laureate (1883–1970)

Swiss physician, philosopher, theologian, and alchemist (c. 1493 – 1541)

Austrian physician (1924-2003)

Philip J. Landrigan

American epidemiologist

Pierre Fauchard

French dentist (1679–1761)

Theologian and physician; (1620-1704)

French physician (1781–1826)

British physician and epidemiologist

Robert A. Kehoe

American occupational medicine specialist who advocated the use of tetraethyllead in gasoline

Robert Atkins (physician)

American physician

Robert Knox (surgeon)

Scottish physician, anatomist, geologist and ethnologist (1791–1862)

Endocrinologist, professor

Japanese microbiologist and war criminal, director of Unit 731

Ancient Indian Physician, Father of surgery

T. Berry Brazelton

American pediatrician

Takeshi Hirayama

Japanese epidemiologist and physician (1923-1995)

American coroner

American physician, researcher, and expert on organ transplants

Thomas Sydenham

English physician (1624–1689)

Victor A. McKusick

American internist and medical geneticist (1921-2008)

Australian cardiac surgeon

Walter Jackson Freeman II

American neurologist (1895-1972)

William H. Welch

American physician and scientist

English physician

Canadian physician and co-founder of Johns Hopkins Hospital

William Stewart Halsted

American surgeon

William T. G. Morton

American dentist and physician

Malayan physician (1879–1960)