Menu
Home Explore People Places Arts History Plants & Animals Science Life & Culture Technology

Number theory

AKS primality test
Algorithm checking for prime numbers
Algebraic number field
A finite degree (and hence algebraic) field extension of the field of rational numbers
Algebraic number theory
Branch of number theory
Aliquot sum
Sum of all proper divisors of a natural number
Analytic number theory
Exploring properties of the integers with complex analysis
Arithmetic progression
Sequence of equally spaced numbers
Bell number
Count the possible partitions of a set
Bézout's identity
Relating two numbers and their greatest common divisor
Catalan number
Recursive integer sequence
Chinese remainder theorem
Theorem for solving simultaneous congruences
Class field theory
Branch of algebraic number theory concerned with abelian extensions
Composite number
Positive integer having at least one divisor other than 1 or itself
Coprime integers
Two numbers without shared prime factors
Diophantine equation
Polynomial equation whose integer solutions are sought
Dirichlet character
Certain arithmetic functions
Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions
Theorem
Discrete logarithm
The problem of inverting exponentiation in groups
Euclid's theorem
Mathematical theorem
Extended Euclidean algorithm
Method for computing the relation of two integers with their greatest common divisor
Fermat number
Positive integer of the form (2^(2^n))+1
Fermat's Last Theorem
Famous 17th century conjecture proved by Andrew Wiles in 1994
Fermat's little theorem
For every prime p, the difference between any integer and its p-th power is a multiple of p
Fibonacci sequence
Integer in the infinite Fibonacci sequence
Fundamental theorem of arithmetic
Integers have unique prime factorizations
Goldbach's conjecture
Even integers as sums of two primes
Highly composite number
Positive integer with more divisors than any smaller positive integer
Integer partition
Decomposition of an integer as a sum of positive integers
Jacobi symbol
Generalization of the Legendre symbol in number theory
Kuṭṭaka
Mathematical algorithm
Legendre symbol
Multiplicative function with values 1, −1, 0
Lucky number
Integer filtered out using a sieve similar to that of Eratosthenes
Magic square
Sums of each row, column, and main diagonals are equal
Mersenne prime
Prime number of the form (2^n)-1
Möbius inversion formula
Relation between pairs of arithmetic functions
Modularity theorem
Relates rational elliptic curves to modular forms
Number theory
Branch of mathematics
Perfect number
Integer equal to the sum of its proper divisors
Primality test
Algorithm for determining whether a number is prime
Prime number
Number whose only smaller divisor is 1
Prime number theorem
Theorem in number theory
Pseudoprime
Probable prime that is composite
Quadratic reciprocity
Gives conditions for the solvability of quadratic equations modulo prime numbers
Quadratic residue
Integer that is a perfect square modulo some integer
Recurrence relation
Definition of each term of a sequence as a function of preceding terms
Riemann hypothesis
Conjecture in mathematics linked to the distribution of prime numbers
Semiprime
The product of two prime numbers
Sieve of Eratosthenes
Ancient algorithm for generating prime numbers
Telephone number (mathematics)
Mathamatical sequence of integers
Twin prime
Prime 2 more or 2 less than another prime
Wilson's theorem
Theorem on prime numbers