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Physics and astronomy

Danish physicist (1922–2009)

Abdul Qadeer Khan

Pakistani nuclear engineer (1936–2021)

Theoretical physicist, and Nobel Prize in Physics recipient

American Nobel laureate and astrophysicist

Albert A. Michelson

American physicist (1852 – 1931)

Albert Einstein

German-born theoretical physicist (1879–1955)

French physicist, Nobel laureate in physics

Aleksandr Popov (physicist)

Russian physicist (1859–1906)

Alexander Prokhorov

Australian-born Soviet-Russian physicist

Alexei Abrikosov (physicist)

Soviet, Russian and American theoretical physicist

French physicist

American astronomer

Amedeo Avogadro

Italian scientist

Swedish astronomer and physicist

Anders Jonas Ångström

Swedish physicist (1814–1874)

Russian-born Dutch-British physicist

American astronomer

Andrei Sakharov

Soviet nuclear physicist and human rights activist

André-Marie Ampère

French physicist and mathematician (1775–1836)

Annie Jump Cannon

American astronomer

Annie S. D. Maunder

British astronomer

Anthony James Leggett

British physicist (born 1938)

British radio astronomer

Arno Allan Penzias

American physicist

Arnold Sommerfeld

German theoretical physicist

American physicist

Arthur B. McDonald

Canadian physicist

American physicist

Arthur Eddington

British astrophysicist (1882–1944)

Arthur Leonard Schawlow

20th-century American physicist; co-inventor of the laser

Augustin-Jean Fresnel

18/19th-century French civil engineer and optical physicist

American physicist

Ben Roy Mottelson

Danish nuclear physicist

Benjamin Banneker

Free African-American scientist, surveyor, almanac author and farmer

Bertram Brockhouse

Canadian physicist, Nobel laureate (1918–2003)

Brian Josephson

Welsh theoretical physicist (born 1940)

American-born Australian astrophysicist

Italian experimental physicist

American physicist

British physicist

C. T. R. Wilson

Scottish physicist and meteorologist (1869-1959) –

Indian physicist (1888–1970)

Carl David Anderson

American physicist

American astrophysicist, cosmologist, author, and science educator

Nobel prize winning US physicist

Italian particle physicist and Nobel Prize

Caroline Herschel

German-British astronomer (1750–1848)

Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin

British-born American astronomer

Charles Édouard Guillaume

Swiss physicist (1861-1938)

Charles Glover Barkla

English physicist

Charles H. Townes

American physicist (1915–2015)

Chinese scientist and Nobel Prize Laureate (1933–2018)

Charles Messier

18th- and 19th-century French astronomer

Charles-Augustin de Coulomb

French physicist

Chien-Shiung Wu

Chinese American experimental physicist

Christiaan Huygens

17th-century Dutch mathematician and natural philosopher

Claude Cohen-Tannoudji

French physicist

American physicist (1915–2001)

Clinton Davisson

American physicist

American astronomer (1906–1997)

Chinese-American physicist, Nobel laureate

Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit

German-Polish physicist and engineer

British astronomer and mathematician

American particle physicist and string theorist

David J. Wineland

American physicist

David Lee (physicist)

Physicist and Nobel Prize winner from the United States

British physicist

Nobel Prize-winning physicist and inventor of holography

Swiss astronomer (born 1966)

Donna Strickland

Canadian physicist, engineer, and Nobel laureate

Douglas Hartree

British mathematician and physicist

Douglas Osheroff

American physicist

Professor of physics at Princeton University

English astronomer, geophysicist, mathematician, meteorologist, and physicist

Edward Appleton

English atmospheric physicist (1892–1965)

American physicist (1908–2003)

Edward W. Morley

American physical chemist

American theoretical physicist

Edwin E. Salpeter

Austrian–Australian–American astrophysicist (1924–2008)

American astronomer

Ejnar Hertzsprung

Danish chemist and astronomer

Émilie du Châtelet

French mathematician, physicist, and author

Italian-American physicist

Eric Allin Cornell

American physicist

Ernest Lawrence

American nuclear physicist

Ernest Rutherford

New Zealand atomic and nuclear physicist (1871–1937)

Irish physicist and Nobel laureate (1903-1995)

German physicist, mathematician and musician

Austrian physicist and university educator (1838–1916)

German physicist

Erwin Schrödinger

Austrian-Irish theoretical physicist (1887–1961)

Hungarian-American mathematician and Nobel Prize-winning physicist

Evangelista Torricelli

Italian physicist, inventor of the barometer

Swiss physicist

François Englert

Belgian theoretical physicist

American physicist and Nobel laureate

British astronomer (1915–2001)

Frederick Reines

American physicist (1918-1998)

British theoretical physicist and mathematician (1923-2020)

Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel

German astronomer and mathematician

Dutch physicist (1888–1966)

Swiss astronomer

British physicist and mathematician (1886–1975)

G. N. Ramachandran

Indian physicist (1922–2001)

Gabriel Lippmann

French physicist born in Luxembourg

Galileo Galilei

Florentine physicist and astronomer (1564–1642)

Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis

French mathematician, mechanical engineer, and scientist

German physicist

Georg Christoph Lichtenberg

German scientist and satirist (1742-1799)

German mathematician and physicist (1789–1854)

George E. Smith

Nobel prize winning American physicist

George Ellery Hale

American solar astronomer

George Paget Thomson

British physicist and Nobel laureate in physics

American astrophysicist and cosmologist

Georges Charpak

French physicist (1924-2010)

Georges Lemaître

Belgian scientist and priest (1894-1966)

Netherlands-born American astronomer

French physicist

Gerard 't Hooft

Dutch theoretical physicist

German physicist

Giovanni Domenico Cassini

Italian/French mathematician, astronomer, engineer, and astrologer

Swedish Nobel Laureate and industrialist

Gustav Kirchhoff

German physicist

Gustav Ludwig Hertz

German physicist

Swedish electrical engineer, plasma physicist and science fiction author (1908–1995), winner of the 1970 Nobel Prize for Physics

German-American nuclear physicist

Hans Christian Ørsted

Danish physicist and chemist (1777–1851)

Hans Georg Dehmelt

German physicist

Heike Kamerlingh Onnes

Dutch experimental physicist (1853–1926)

German physicist, namesake of the SI unit of frequency

Heinrich Kayser

German physicist

Heinrich Rohrer

Swiss physicist

Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias Olbers

18th and 19th-century German physician and astronomer

Hendrik Lorentz

Dutch physicist

Henri Becquerel

Late 19th-century French physicist and engineer

Henrietta Swan Leavitt

American astronomer (1868–1921)

Henry Cavendish

British natural philosopher, and scientist (1731 – 1810)

Henry Norris Russell

American astronomer (1877–1957)

Henry Way Kendall

American particle physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics

Herbert Kroemer

German-American physicist (born 1928)

Hermann von Helmholtz

German physicist and physiologist

Japanese theoretical physicist

Horst Ludwig Störmer

German physicist

Hugh David Politzer

American physicist

Hugh Everett III

American scientist (1930–1982)

Russian physicist

Soviet physicist

English polymath (1642–1726)

Isidor Isaac Rabi

American nuclear physicist (1898–1988)

Norwegian physicist

J. Hans D. Jensen

German nuclear physicist

British physicist

J. Michael Kosterlitz

British physicist

J. Robert Oppenheimer

American theoretical physicist (1904–1967)

Jack Steinberger

German-American physicist, Nobel laureate

Jagadish Chandra Bose

Physicist, biologist and botanist (1857–1937)

English physicist

James Clerk Maxwell

Scottish physicist (1831–1879)

American physicist

German physicist

James Prescott Joule

English physicist and brewer

James Rainwater

American physicist

Dutch astronomer

Jean Baptiste Perrin

French physicist

Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille

French physicist (1797-1869)

Jean-Baptiste Biot

French physicist

Jerome Isaac Friedman

American physicist

Canadian-American astrophysicist and cosmologist

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

British astrophysicist

Johann Gottfried Galle

German astronomer

Johannes Diderik van der Waals

Dutch physicist who greatly advanced the fields of thermodynamics and molecular science

Johannes Hevelius

17th-century astronomer and mayor of Gdańsk

Johannes Kepler

17th-century German mathematician, astronomer and astrologer

German physicist and Nobel laureate

American astrophysicist and cosmologist

British nuclear physicist (1897–1967)

British chemist and physicist (1766–1844)

17/18th-century English astronomer

John Hasbrouck Van Vleck

American physicist and mathematician

American physicist (born 1934)

John Robert Schrieffer

American physicist

19th and 20th-century Australian astronomer

John Theophilus Desaguliers

French-born British natural philosopher and clergyman

John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh

English physicist

American scientist and the 1st Secretary of the Smithsonian

Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.

American astronomer

Joseph von Fraunhofer

Bavarian physicist

Julian Schwinger

American theoretical physicist (1918–1994)

K. Alex Müller

Swiss physicist and Nobel laureate (born 1927)

Swedish physicist (1918-2007)

Karl Ferdinand Braun

German inventor and physicist

Karl Guthe Jansky

American astronomer

Karl Schwarzschild

German physicist (1873–1916)

Katherine Johnson

African American mathematician

Kenneth G. Wilson

American theoretical physicist (1936–2013)

American physicist, writer, and Nobel Laureate (born 1940)

Klaus von Klitzing

German physicist (born 1943)

Konstantin Novoselov

Russian-British physicist known for graphene work

Italian physicist (1711–1778)

Australian-born British physicist and X-ray crystallographer

Lawrence Krauss

American particle physicist and cosmologist

Japanese physicist

American physicist (born 1930)

French physicist

Leon M. Lederman

American mathematician and physicist

Soviet physicist

Austrian-Swedish nuclear physicist (1878–1968)

Loránd Eötvös

Hungarian physicist (1848–1919)

British physicist, engineer and mathematician (1824–1907)

Louis de Broglie

Nobel laureate credited to pioneer the discovery of wave character of matter

Louis Harold Gray

British physicist (1905-1965)

French physicist

Ludwig Boltzmann

Austrian physicist and philosopher

Luis Walter Alvarez

American physicist, inventor and professor

American astronomer

Makoto Kobayashi

Japanese physicist

Swedish physicist

Margaret Burbidge

British-born American astrophysicist

Margaret Lindsay Huggins

Maria Goeppert Mayer

German-American theoretical physicist

American astronomer

Polish-French physicist and chemist (1867–1934)

Physicist and 27th Governor of South Australia

Martin Lewis Perl

American scientist

English radio astronomer

Martinus J. G. Veltman

Dutch physicist

Mary Somerville

Scottish scientist, writer, and polymath

Masatoshi Koshiba

Japanese physicist

German physicist, mathematician and Nobel laureate

German theoretical physicist

German physicist

Melvin Schwartz

American physicist

Michael E. Brown

American astronomer

Michael Faraday

English chemist and physicist (1791–1867)

Swiss astrophysicist & Nobel laureate of Physics

American theoretical physicist, futurist and author

Mikhail Lomonosov

Russian polymath, scientist and writer (1711–1765)

Murray Gell-Mann

American physicist

American astronomer and principal in the Hubble Space Telescope project

Neil deGrasse Tyson

American astrophysicist, author, and science communicator

English physicist, Nobel prize winner

Nicolaas Bloembergen

Dutch-born American physicist

Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot

French physicist and engineer (1796–1832)

Nicolaus Copernicus

15th–16th-century mathematician and astronomer

Danish physicist

Soviet physicist

Norman Ramsey Jr.

American physicist

British physicist and writer

Osborne Reynolds

Anglo-Irish innovator (1842-1912)

German-American physicist (1888–1969)

Otto von Guericke

17th-century German scientist, inventor, and politician

Owen Chamberlain

American physicist

Owen Richardson

British physicist (1879-1959)

German physicist and politician

Patrick Blackett

English physicist (1897–1974)

English mathematician and theoretical physicist (1902–1984)

Pavel Cherenkov

Soviet physicist

Percy Williams Bridgman

Americann Nobel laureate in physics (1882–1961)

Peter Grünberg

German physicist

British physicist

Philip W. Anderson

American physicist

Hungarian-German physicist and Nobel laureate

French physicist

Pierre-Gilles de Gennes

Nobel laureate physicist

Dutch physicist

German-American physicist (1911-1993)

Soviet physicist

American physicist

Raymond Davis Jr.

American scientist (1914-2006)

Reinhard Genzel

German astrophysicist

Riccardo Giacconi

Italian-American astrophysicist (1931–2018)

Richard E. Taylor

Canadian physicist

Richard Feynman

American theoretical physicist (1918–1988)

Robert Andrews Millikan

American physicist and Nobel Laureate (1868–1953)

Robert B. Laughlin

American physicist

Robert Coleman Richardson

American physicist

Robert Hofstadter

American physicist (1915–1990)

English natural philosopher, architect and polymath

Robert Woodrow Wilson

American astronomer

Rolf Maximilian Sievert

Swedish medical physicist, professor

American theoretical physicist

Rudolf Clausius

German mathematical physicist

Rudolf Mössbauer

German physicist (1929–2011)

Russell Alan Hulse

American astronomer

Samuel C. C. Ting

Nobel prize winning physicist

American astronomer, physicist and inventor (1834–1906)

American astrophysicist

Satyendra Nath Bose

Indian physicist and polymath from Bengal

Saul Perlmutter

American astrophysicist and Nobel laureate

French physicist, Nobel laureate

Sheldon Glashow

American theoretical physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics (1979)

Shin'ichirō Tomonaga

Japanese physicist (1906-1979)

16th and 17th-century German astronomer

Canadian-American mathematician

Simon van der Meer

Dutch physicist

Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet

Anglo-Irish mathematician and physicist

Stephen Gray (scientist)

English physicist

Stephen Hawking

English theoretical physicist (1942–2018)

American physicist, former United States Secretary of Energy and nobel laureate

Steven Weinberg

American theoretical physicist

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar

Indian-American physicist (1910-1995)

Japanese physicist

Theodor W. Hänsch

German physicist and nobel laureate

Thomas Johann Seebeck

Baltic German physicist

Thomas Young (scientist)

18th/19th-century English polymath

Toshihide Maskawa

Japanese theoretical physicist (born 1940)

Chinese-American physicist

Danish astronomer and alchemist

Urbain Le Verrier

French astronomer and mathematician

Val Logsdon Fitch

American nuclear physicist

American astronomer (1928–2016)

American astronomer

Victor Francis Hess

Austrian physicist and Nobel prize laureate (1883-1964)

Vitaly Ginzburg

Russian physicist

German astronomer

Walter Houser Brattain

American physicist

German nuclear physicist and Nobel Prize shared with Max Born

Werner Heisenberg

German theoretical physicist (1901–1976)

Wilhelm Eduard Weber

German physicist

Wilhelm Röntgen

German physicist (1845–1923)

German physicist (1864-1928)

Canadian physicist

William Alfred Fowler

American nuclear physicist (1911–1995)

William Daniel Phillips

Physics Nobel laureate

William Gilbert (physicist)

English physician and natural philosopher

William Henry Bragg

British scientist

William Herschel

German-born British astronomer and composer (1738–1822)

William Huggins

English astronomer

Williamina Fleming

Scottish astronomer

American physicist (1913–2008)

Wolfgang Ketterle

German physicist

German physicist

Austrian theoretical physicist (1900–1958)

Chinese physicist

Japanese-American nobel-winning physicist

Chinese astronomer

Soviet-Russian physicist (1930–2019)