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Theory

Electrochemistry

Stereochemistry

Supramolecular chemistry

Absolute configuration

Chemical notation for the handedness of a chiral molecule or group

Absolute electrode potential

Electrode potential in electrochemistry

Activated complex

An arrangement of atoms in an arbitrary region near the saddle point of a potential energy surface

Activation energy

Energy that must be input to a system to undergo a reaction or process

Activity coefficient

Value accounting for thermodynamic non-ideality of mixtures

Hydrophilic and lipophilic chemical compound

Electrode through which conventional current flows into a polarized electrical device

Arrhenius equation

Formula for temperature dependence of rates of chemical reactions

Type of stereoisomer

Bent molecular geometry

Molecular geometry

Boiling-point elevation

Elevation of boiling point due to addition of a compound

Cahn–Ingold–Prelog priority rules

Naming convention for stereoisomers of molecules

Electrode from which conventional current leaves a polarized electrical device

Type of chemical bonding with metal ions

Chemical kinetics

Study of the rates of chemical reactions

Chemical polarity

Electrostatic property of a molecule

Chemical thermodynamics

Study of chemical reactions within the laws of thermodynamics

Chirality (chemistry)

Geometric property of some molecules and ions

Cis–trans isomerism

Distinct arrangements of substituents around double bonds in chemistry

Clathrate compound

Chemical substance consisting of a lattice that traps or contains molecules

Colligative properties

Property of solutions that depend upon the ratio of the number of solute particles to the number of solvent molecules in a solution

Collision frequency

Number of collisions made by particles in a volume per time

Collision theory

Kinetic theory of gases

Coordination complex

Molecule or ion containing ligands datively bonded to a central metallic atom

Coordination geometry

Geometric arrangement of atoms about a given central atom in a coordination complex

Coordination sphere

Central atom or ion and an array of molecules or anions, the ligands, around

Crystal field theory

Model that describes the breaking of degeneracies of electron orbital states, usually d or f orbitals, due to a static electric field produced by a surrounding charge distribution (anion neighbors)

Cyclohexane conformation

Structures of cyclohexane

Stereoisomers not related as mirror images; characterized by differences in physical properties, and by some differences in chemical behaviour towards achiral as well as chiral reagents.

Dissociation constant

Chemical property

Eclipsed conformation

Electrochemical cell

Electro-chemical device

Ionic solids whose dissociation in water free up ions carrying the electrical current in solution

Electrolytic cell

Cell that uses electrical energy to drive a non-spontaneous redox reaction

Stereoisomers which are non-superposable mirror images of each other

Endohedral fullerene

Class of chemical compounds

Entropy of activation

Equilibrium constant

Chemical property

Exothermic reaction

Chemical reaction that releases energy as light or heat

Notation in organic chemistry for double bonds

Flory–Huggins solution theory

Lattice model of polymer solutions

Folding (chemistry)

Physico-chemical process by which a molecule assembles itself its normal configuration shape without any external agent

Freezing-point depression

Drop in freezing temperature of a solvent due to the addition of solute

Galvanic series

Ordering of metals by nobility (ease of galvanisation)

An atypical situation where groups separated by a torsion angle of approximately 60°, is more stable than 180°

Structure in electrochemistry

Hammond's postulate

Hypothesis in physical organic chemistry

Host–guest chemistry

In chemistry, the confinement of an individual molecule within a larger molecule

Host–guest chemistry

Supramolecular structures held together other than by covalent bonds

Host–guest chemistry

Class of compounds

Molecule or other molecular entity that is attracted to water molecules and tends to be dissolved by water

Molecule or surface that has no attraction to water

Intermolecular force

Force of attraction or repulsion between molecules and neighboring particles

Law of mass action

Molecule or functional group that binds or can bind to the central atom in a coordination complex

Ligand cone angle

Measure of the steric bulk of a ligand in a transition metal complex

Ligand field theory

Molecular orbital theory applied to transition metal complexes

Linear combination of atomic orbitals

Technique in quantum chemistry

Linear molecular geometry

London dispersion force

Cohesive force between species

An optically inactive isomer that has two or more stereocenters

Modern valence bond theory

Molecular geometry

Study of the 3D shapes of molecules

Molecular self-assembly

Molecules adopt a defined arrangement without guidance or management from an outside source

Nernst equation

Physical law in electrochemistry

Newman projection

Method of representing the conformation of a single molecular bond

Octahedral molecular geometry

Molecular geometry

Orbital hybridisation

Mixing (superposition) of atomic orbitals in chemistry

Osmotic pressure

Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis

Type of chemical bond

Pre-exponential factor

Pre-exponential constant in the Arrhenius equation in Chemical Kinetics

Racemic mixture

Mixture with equal amounts of left- and right-handed enantiomers of a chiral molecule

Converting of an enantiomerically pure mixture into a mixture where more than one of the enantiomers are present

Equation linking reaction rate with concentrations of reactants in a chemical reaction

Rate-determining step

Slowest step of a chemical reaction

Reaction coordinate

Abstract coordinate depicting chemical reaction progress

Reaction quotient

Function of the activities or concentrations of the chemical species involved in a chemical reaction

For a reactant or product in a particular reaction is intuitively defined as how quickly or slowly a reaction takes place

Reaction rate constant

Quantifies the rate of a chemical reaction

Reactivity series

Analytical progression of a series of metals arranged by their reactivity in descending order

Reduction potential

Measure of tendency of a substance to gain or lose electrons

Resonance (chemistry)

Chemistry term; way of describing bonding in molecules or ions by the combination of several contributing structures into a resonance hybrid in valence bond theory

Process in organic chemistry

Different molecular structures formed only by rotation about single bonds

Laboratory device in electrochemistry

Strongest type of covalent chemical bond; formed by head-on overlapping between atomic orbitals.

Staggered conformation

Chemical conformation of an ethane-like moiety

Standard electrode potential

Electromotive force of a half reaction cell versus standard hydrogen electrode

Standard hydrogen electrode

Reference redox electrode used under standard conditions

Particular instance of a stereogenic element that is geometrically a point

Stereoisomerism

Isomerism due to differences in the spatial arrangement of atoms without any differences in connectivity or bond multiplicity between the isomers

Geometric aspects of ions and molecules affecting their shape and reactivity

Strain (chemistry)

Supramolecular chemistry

Domain of chemistry beyond that of molecules that focuses on the chemical systems made up of a discrete number of assembled molecular subunits or components

Tetrahedral molecular geometry

Central atom with four substituents located at the corners of a tetrahedron

Thermal runaway

Situation where an increase in temperature causes a further increase in temperature

Thermochemistry

Study of the heat energy associated with chemical reactions and/or physical transformations

Thermodynamic activity

Measure of the effective concentration of a species in a mixture

Transition state

Configuration of a chemical reaction when potential energy is greatest

Transition state theory

Scientific theory

Trigonal planar molecular geometry

Molecular geometry of symmetry D_3h

Trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry

Valence bond theory

One of two foundational theories of quantum chemistry

Van der Waals force

Weak attractive or repulsive forces between molecules or atomic groups that do not arise from covalent bonds nor ionic bonds

Pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium

Theoretical model used in chemistry