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Lilly Dubowitz obituary

May 8 2016

Astronomy and space exploration

• February 11 – The Ohsumi satellite is launched, making Japan the fourth country to launch a satellite into orbit.
• March 31 – The Explorer 1 satellite reenters the Earth's atmosphere after 12 years in orbit.
• April 11 – The Apollo 13 space mission is launched, but has to be aborted on April 13.
• April 17 – Apollo 13 returns safely to Earth.
• June 1 – Soyuz 9, a two-man spacecraft, is launched from the Soviet Union for an orbital flight of nearly 18 days, an endurance record at this time.
• August 31 – Solar eclipse of August 31, 1970: An annular solar eclipse is visible in Oceania, and is the 14th solar eclipse of Solar Saros 144.
• September 20 – Luna 16 lands on the Moon and lifts off the next day with samples, landing back on Earth September 24.
• October 20 – The Zond 8 lunar orbiter is launched by the Soviet Union.
• November 17 – Lunokhod 1, the first roving remote-controlled robot to land on another world, lands on Mare Imbrium on the Moon after being released by the orbiting Luna 17 spacecraft.
• December 15 – Venera 7 lands on Venus and becomes the first spacecraft to transmit data from another planet successfully (launched August 17).

Biology

• August – Songs of the Humpback Whale, produced by Roger Payne, is released, publicly demonstrating whale vocalization for the first time and becoming influential in public support for whale conservation.¹²³⁴
• The Parc naturel régional de Camargue is established in the south of France.

Chemistry

• August – Ulrich K. Laemmli's refinement of the SDS-PAGE method is published.⁵

Computer science

• January 1 – Unix time begins at 00:00:00 UTC.
• June – The Datapoint 2200 is announced by the Computer Terminal Corporation (CTC).
• June–August – The programming language FLOW is devised by Jef Raskin.
• November 17 – The first United States patent for the computer mouse is issued to Douglas Engelbart.⁶
• Bomber by Len Deighton, the first novel written on a word processor (the IBM MT/ST), is published in England.⁷
• The first Pascal compiler is released by Niklaus Wirth.⁸
• The Xerox PARC computer laboratory is opened in Palo Alto, California.

Earth sciences

• January 4 – The Tonghai earthquake (7.1 Mw ) occurs in Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, killing an estimated 14,621 and injuring 26,783.
• May 24 – Drilling on the Kola Superdeep Borehole begins on the Kola Peninsula of Russia.

Mathematics

• Conway's Game of Life is devised by John Horton Conway.⁹
• Kurt Gödel's ontological proof of the existence of God is circulated.¹⁰

Medicine

• The Dubowitz Score for estimating the gestational age of babies is published by Lilly and Victor Dubowitz.¹¹
• The Exeter hip replacement stem is first implanted at the Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Hospital in Exeter, England.¹²
• The first case of monkeypox in humans is identified in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.¹³

Physics

• The GIM mechanism is predicted by Sheldon Glashow, John Iliopoulos and Luciano Maiani.¹⁴

Psychology

• The minimal group paradigm is developed by Henri Tajfel.
• Studies in Animal and Human Behavior, Volume I is published by Konrad Lorenz.

Technology

• June 2 – The Cleddau Bridge collapses during construction in Wales, killing four and leading to the introduction of new standards for box girder bridges in the United Kingdom.¹⁵¹⁶

Events

• June 19 – The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) is signed into international law, providing a unified procedure for filing patent applications.

Awards

• Fields Prize in Mathematics – Alan Baker, Heisuke Hironaka, Sergei Novikov and John Griggs Thompson
• Nobel Prizes:
  • Physics – Hannes Alfvén, Louis Néel
  • Chemistry – Luis F. Leloir
  • Medicine – Bernard Katz, Ulf von Euler, Julius Axelrod
• Turing Award – James H. Wilkinson

Births

• March 27 – Eleanor Maguire, Irish-born neuropsychologist.
• August 1 – Elon Lindenstrauss, Israeli mathematician.
• September 3 – Stanislav Smirnov, Russian-born mathematician.

Deaths

• January 5 – Max Born (b. 1882), German physicist and recipient of the 1954 Nobel Prize in physics.¹⁷
• January 27 – Marietta Blau (b. 1894), Austrian physicist.¹⁸
• April 27 – Orii Hyōjirō (b. 1883), Japanese animal specimen collector.
• May 1 – Ralph Hartley (b. 1888), American electrical engineer.
• July 20 – Margaret Reed Lewis (b. 1881), American cell biologist.
• July 29 – Emanuel Miller (b. 1892), English child psychiatrist.
• August 1 – Otto Heinrich Warburg (b. 1883), German physiologist and winner of the 1931 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine.¹⁹
• September 22 – Vojtěch Jarník (b. 1897), Czech mathematician.

References

1. McLellan, Joseph (1977-12-26). "It's a Whale of a Song". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2022-11-28. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1978/12/26/its-a-whale-of-a-song/f3abd074-8281-488b-a11a-3f7bea81080b/ ↩

2. Andersen, Kurt. "How Pop Music Helped Save the Whales". Studio 360. Archived from the original on 2015-01-10. Retrieved 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20150110135754/http://www.studio360.org/story/how-pop-music-helped-save-the-whales/ ↩

3. Rothenberg, David. "Nature's greatest hit: The old and new songs of the humpback whale". The Wire. https://www.thewire.co.uk/in-writing/essays/nature_s-greatest-hit_the-old-and-new-songs-of-the-humpback-whale ↩

4. Lewis, Tim (2020-12-06). "'It always hits me hard': how a haunting album helped save the whales". The Observer. London – via www.theguardian.com. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/dec/06/the-songs-that-saved-the-whales ↩

5. Laemmli, U. K. (1970). "Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4". Nature. 227 (5259): 680–685. Bibcode:1970Natur.227..680L. doi:10.1038/227680a0. PMID 5432063. S2CID 3105149. /wiki/Nature_(journal) ↩

6. U.S. patent 3,541,541. https://patents.google.com/patent/US3541541 ↩

7. Kirschenbaum, Matthew (2013-03-01). "The Book-Writing Machine: What was the first novel ever written on a word processor?". Slate. Retrieved 2016-02-21. http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/books/2013/03/len_deighton_s_bomber_the_first_book_ever_written_on_a_word_processor.single.html ↩

8. Wirth, Niklaus (2000). "The Development of Procedural Programming Languages Personal Contributions and Perspectives". Modular Programming Languages. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 1897. pp. 1–10. doi:10.1007/10722581_1. ISBN 978-3-540-67958-5. 978-3-540-67958-5 ↩

9. Gardner, Martin (October 1970). Mathematical Games – The fantastic combinations of John Conway's new solitaire game "life". Vol. 223. pp. 120–123. ISBN 0-89454-001-7. Retrieved 2011-06-26. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help) 0-89454-001-7 ↩

10. Dawson, John W. Jr. (1997). Logical Dilemmas: The Life and Work of Kurt Godel. Wellesley, Mass.: A. K. Peters Ltd. ISBN 1-56881-025-3. 1-56881-025-3 ↩

11. Mercuri, Eugenio (2016-05-08). "Lilly Dubowitz obituary". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2020-06-24. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/may/08/lilly-dubowitz-obituary ↩

12. Timperley, A. John (2017-10-20). "Robin Ling obituary". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2018-01-07. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/oct/20/robin-ling-obituary ↩

13. "Monkeypox". CDC. 2015-05-11. Archived from the original on 2017-10-15. Retrieved 2017-10-15. https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/index.html ↩

14. Glashow, S. L.; Iliopoulos, J.; Maiani, L. (1970). "Weak Interactions with Lepton–Hadron Symmetry". Physical Review D. 2 (7): 1285–1292. Bibcode:1970PhRvD...2.1285G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.2.1285. Archived from the original on 2012-07-12. Retrieved 2011-11-11. https://archive.today/20120712140640/http://prd.aps.org/pdf/PRD/v2/i7/p1285_1 ↩

15. Department of the Environment (Merrison Committee of Inquiry) (1973). Inquiry into the Basis of Design and Method of Erection of Steel Box Girder Bridges. London: HMSO. /wiki/HMSO ↩

16. "How safe are our bridges?". BBC News Online. BBC. 2007-08-03. Retrieved 2008-01-30. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/6929777.stm ↩

17. "Nobel prize winner dies". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. (Pennsylvania, U.S.). Associated Press. 6 January 1970. p. 26. https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=iZtRAAAAIBAJ&pg=5297%2C1066126 ↩

18. Halpen, Leopold E. (1997). "Marietta Blau". In Rayner-Canham, Marelene F.; Rayner-Canham, Geoffrey (eds.). A Devotion to Their Science: Pioneer Women of Radioactivity. Montréal: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 203. ISBN 978-0-77351-642-7. 978-0-77351-642-7 ↩

19. Roswitha Schmid; Hans Adolf Krebs (1981). Otto Warburg: Cell Physiologist, Biochemist, and Eccentric. Clarendon Press. p. v. ↩