Additional information

Overview

The internationally accepted definition of a spaceflight is any flight which crosses the Kármán line, 100 kilometres above sea level. The first recorded spaceflight launch of the year occurred on 11 January, when a Black Brant was launched on a suborbital trajectory from White Sands, with the LIDOS ultraviolet astronomy payload.¹ This was followed by the first orbital launch of the year on 15 January, by a Sea Launch Zenit-3SL, with the Thuraya 3 communications satellite.² The launch marked the return to flight for Sea Launch following the explosion of a Zenit-3SL on the launch pad the previous January during an attempt to launch the NSS-8 satellite.

Five carrier rockets made their maiden flights in 2008; the Ariane 5ES, Long March 3C, Zenit-3SLB, PSLV-XL, and the operational version of the Falcon 1, with an uprated Merlin-1C engine.³ These were all derived from existing systems. The Blue Sparrow and Sejjil missiles also conducted their maiden flights, and the ATK Launch Vehicle made its only flight, but was destroyed by range safety after it went off course. In November, the baseline Proton-M was retired in favour of the Enhanced variant, first launched in 2007.

The first Vietnamese and Venezuelan satellites, Vinasat-1 and Venesat-1 respectively, were launched in 2008, while a failed Iranian launch was reported to have been that country's first indigenous orbital launch attempt. In September, SpaceX conducted the first successful orbital launch of a privately developed and funded liquid-fuelled carrier rocket, when the fourth Falcon 1 launched RatSat, following previous failures in 2006, 2007, and August.

Space exploration

India launched its first Lunar probe, Chandraayan-1, on 22 October, with the spacecraft entering selenocentric orbit on 8 November. On 16 November, the Moon Impact Probe was released, and crashed into the Lunar surface. Although no other spacecraft were launched beyond geocentric orbit in 2008, several significant events occurred in interplanetary flights which had been launched in previous years. MESSENGER conducted flybys of Mercury in January and October, the first spacecraft to do so since Mariner 10 in 1975. Cassini continued to make flybys of the moons of Saturn, including several close passes of Enceladus, one at a distance of 25 kilometres.⁴ In September Rosetta flew past the asteroid 2867 Šteins. On 25 May, the Phoenix spacecraft landed in the Green Valley on Mars, where it discovered water ice.⁵ Phoenix exceeded its design life of 90 days, finally failing on 10 November. The Ulysses spacecraft, launched in 1990, was also retired in 2008.⁶

Crewed spaceflight

Seven crewed flights were launched in 2008, one by China, two by Russia and four by the United States. In April, Yi So-yeon became the first South Korean to fly in space, aboard Soyuz TMA-12. On the same flight, Sergey Volkov became the first second-generation cosmonaut. Yi returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TMA-11, which nearly ended in disaster following a separation failure between the descent and service modules, resulting in a ballistic reentry.⁷ In September, China conducted its third crewed mission, Shenzhou 7, from which Zhai Zhigang and Liu Boming conducted the first Chinese spacewalk.⁸ Soyuz TMA-13, launched in October, was the hundredth flight of the Soyuz programme to carry a crew at some point in its mission.⁹

Assembly of the International Space Station continued, with the delivery of the Columbus module by Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-122 in February. March saw the launch of the Jules Verne Automated Transfer Vehicle, an uncrewed European spacecraft which was used to resupply the space station. Also in March, Space Shuttle Endeavour launched on STS-123 with the first component of the Japanese Experiment Module, the Experiment Logistics Module. STS-123 marked the final flight of the Spacelab programme, with a SpaceLab pallet used to carry the Canadian-built Dextre RMS extension. The second JEM component, the main pressurised module, was launched by STS-124, flown by Discovery in May. In November, Endeavour launched on the STS-126 logistics flight, with the Leonardo MPLM.

Launch failures

On 14 March, a Proton-M with a Briz-M upper stage launched AMC-14. Several hours later, on 15 March, the Briz-M engine cut off prematurely during a burn,¹⁰ leaving the satellite in a medium Earth orbit. Following a small legal dispute,¹¹ the satellite was sold, and raised to a geosynchronous orbit by its manoeuvring thrusters, at the expense of a large amount of its fuel and hence operational life.¹²

On 3 August, SpaceX launched the third Falcon 1. Due to residual thrust caused by the upgraded Merlin-1C engine which was being flown for the first time, the first stage recontacted the second during staging, resulting in the rocket failing to reach orbit. The Trailblazer, PreSat and NanoSail-D satellites were lost in the failure, as was a space burial capsule, containing the remains of several hundred people, including astronaut Gordon Cooper, actor James Doohan, writer and director John Meredyth Lucas and Apollo mission planner Mareta West.¹³

On 16 August, Iran launched a Safir, which though officially successful, was reported to have failed due to a second stage malfunction. The purpose of this launch is in doubt, as before the launch it was claimed that it would place the Omid into orbit, whilst following the launch, it was reported that a boilerplate payload had been launched.¹⁴ Other reports indicated that the launch was only a suborbital test of the rocket.¹⁵ If this was an orbital launch attempt, it was the first Iranian attempt to launch a satellite.

On 22 August, the inaugural launch of the Alliant Techsystems ALV X-1 was terminated 27 seconds after launch from Wallops Flight Facility when it veered off course. Both hypersonic physics experiments on board were destroyed.¹⁶

Summary of launches

In total, sixty nine orbital launches were made in 2008, with sixty seven reaching orbit, and two outright failures if the Iranian launch in August is counted.¹⁷ This is an increase of one orbital launch attempt on 2007, with two more launches reaching orbit, which continues a trend of increasing launch rates seen since 2006. The final launch of the year was conducted on 25 December, by a Proton-M with three GLONASS navigation satellites for the Russian government.

Suborbital spaceflight in 2008 saw a number of sounding rocket and missile launches. On 21 February, a RIM-161 Standard Missile 3 was used as an anti-satellite weapon to destroy the USA-193 satellite. USA-193 was a US spy satellite which had failed immediately after launch in 2006.¹⁸¹⁹

By country

China conducted twelve orbital launches of a planned fifteen. Europe had intended to conduct seven launches of Ariane 5 rockets, and the maiden flight of the Vega rocket, however payload delays pushed one of the Arianes into 2009, and the Vega was delayed due to development issues. India had originally scheduled five to seven launches, however only three of these were conducted, mostly due to delays with the launch of Chandraayan-1. Japan scheduled three launches for 2008, of which one was launched; an H-IIA with WINDS in February. Russia and the former Soviet Union conducted twenty six launches, not including the international Sea and Land launch programmes, which conducted six. Fourteen launches were conducted by the United States, which had originally announced plans to launch many more, however technical issues with several rockets, particularly the Atlas V, Delta II and Falcon 1, caused a number of delays. The Atlas problems, combined with a series of delays to the launch of NRO L-26 on a Delta IV, resulted in just two of ten planned EELV launches being conducted.²⁰²¹ Two of six planned Space Shuttle launches were also delayed to 2009, one due to problems with External Tank delivery, and another due to a major systems failure on the Hubble Space Telescope, which it was to have serviced. Israel was not reported to have scheduled, or conducted an orbital launch attempt.

Orbital launches

← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec →

Date and time (UTC)	Rocket		Flight number	Launch site		LSP
		Payload(⚀ = CubeSat)	Operator	Orbit	Function	Decay (UTC)	Outcome
		Remarks
January
15 January11:4922	Zenit-3SL			Ocean Odyssey		Sea Launch
		Thuraya 3	Thuraya	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
21 January03:4523	PSLV-CA			Satish Dhawan FLP		ISRO
		TecSAR (Polaris)	IAI	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	In orbit	Operational
28 January00:1824	Proton-M / Briz-M			Baikonur Site 200/39		Roskosmos
		Ekspress AM-33	RSCC	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec → February
5 February13:02:5425	Soyuz-U			Baikonur Site 1/5		Roscosmos
		Progress M-63	Roscosmos	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS logistics	7 April11:5026	Successful
		ISS flight 28P
7 February19:45:3027	Space Shuttle Atlantis			Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance
		STS-122	NASA	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS assembly	20 February14:07:1028	Successful
		Columbus	ESA	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS assembly	In orbit	Operational
		Crewed flight with seven astronauts
11 February11:3429	Proton-M / Briz-M			Baikonur Site 200/39		International Launch Services
		Thor-5	Telenor	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
23 February08:5530	H-IIA 2024			Tanegashima LA-Y		Mitsubishi
		WINDS (Kizuna)	JAXA / NICT	Geosynchronous	CommunicationsTechnology	In orbit	Successful31
← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec → March
9 March04:03:0732	Unknown			Kourou ELA-3		Arianespace
		Jules Verne ATV	ESA	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS logistics	29 September13:31	Successful
		Maiden flight of Ariane 5ES and ATV
11 March06:28:1433	Space Shuttle Endeavour			Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance
		STS-123	NASA	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS assembly	27 March00:39:0834	Successful
		Spacelab MD00235	NASA	Low Earth (STS/ISS)	ISS logistics		Successful
		JEM ELM-PF	JAXA	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS assembly	In orbit	Operational
		Dextre (SPDM)	MDA Corporation	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS assembly	In orbit	Operational
		Crewed flight with seven astronautsFinal flight of Spacelab programme, pallet used to transport Dextre36
13 March10:0237	Atlas V 411			Vandenberg SLC-3E		United Launch Alliance
		USA-200 (Improved Trumpet)38	NRO	Molniya39	ELINT40	In orbit	Operational
		NRO Launch 28, first Atlas V launch from Vandenberg
14 March23:18:554142	Proton-M / Briz-M			Baikonur Site 200/39		International Launch Services
		AMC-14	SES Americom	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	OperationalPartial launch failure43
		Upper stage malfunction during second burn left spacecraft in wrong orbit4445Initial recovery attempted but abandoned due to legal issues.4647 Later sold and recovery efforts restarted.48
15 March06:1049	Delta II 7925-9.5			Cape Canaveral SLC-17A		United Launch Alliance
		USA-201 (GPS IIR-19/M6)50	US Air Force	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
		80th consecutive successful Delta II launch.51
19 March22:47:5952	Zenit-3SL			Ocean Odyssey		Sea Launch
		DirecTV-11	DirecTV	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
27 March17:1553	Kosmos-3M			Plesetsk Site 132/1		COSMOS International
		SAR-Lupe 4	Bundeswehr	Low Earth (SSO)	Reconnaissance	In orbit	Operational
← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec → April
8 April11:16:395455	Soyuz-FG			Baikonur Site 1/5		Roscosmos
		Soyuz TMA-12	Roscosmos	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS Expedition 1756	24 October03:3757	Successful
		Crewed flight with three cosmonauts, including first South Korean in space58 and first second-generation cosmonaut59Docked on 10 April at 12:57 GMT60
14 April20:12:0061	Atlas V 421			Cape Canaveral SLC-41		United Launch Alliance
		ICO G1	ICO	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		Heaviest single commercial satellite to be placed in GSO.Heaviest satellite to be launched by an Atlas rocket.62
16 April17:0163	Pegasus-XL			Stargazer, Kwajalein Atoll		Orbital Sciences
		C/NOFS	STP/NASA	Low Earth	Electrodynamics	28 November 2015	Successful
18 April22:1764	Unknown			Kourou ELA-3		Arianespace
		Vinasat-1	VNPT	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		Star One C2	Star One	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		First Vietnamese satellite
25 April15:3565	Long March 3C			Xichang LA-2		CNSA
		Tianlian I-01	CNSA	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		Maiden flight of Long March 3C
26 April22:16:0266	Soyuz-FG / Fregat			Baikonur Site 31/6		Starsem
		GIOVE-B	ESA	Medium Earth	NavigationTechnology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
28 April03:53:516768	PSLV-C			Satish Dhawan SLP		ISRO
		Cartosat-2A69	ISRO	Low Earth	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		TWSAT (IMS-1)70	ISRO	Low Earth	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		RUBIN-871	OHB System	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ AAUSAT-II72	Aalborg	Low Earth	Radiation73	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ CanX-274	UTIAS	Low Earth	Technology demonstration75	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ CanX-676	UTIAS/COM DEV	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ COMPASS-177	Aachen	Low Earth	Earth observationTechnology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ Cute-1.7+APD II78	Tokodai	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ Delfi-C379	Delft	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	13 November 202380	Successful
		⚀ SEEDS-281	Nihon	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		All payloads except CartoSat, TWSAT and RUBIN were CubeSats, launched under designation NSL-4, except CanX-6 which was NSL-5.82RUBIN-8 intentionally remained attached to upper stage
28 April05:0083	Zenit-3SLB			Baikonur Site 45/1		Land Launch
		AMOS-3 (AMOS-60)	SCL	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		First Land Launch flight and maiden flight of Zenit-3SLB.Reached incorrect orbit due to carrier rocket underperformance.84 Corrected by satellite through use of spare fuel, without affecting operational life.
← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec → May
14 May20:22:548586	Soyuz-U			Baikonur Site 1/5		Roscosmos
		Progress M-64	Roscosmos	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS logistics	8 September87	Successful
		ISS flight 29P
21 May09:4388	Zenit-3SL			Ocean Odyssey		Sea Launch
		Galaxy 18	Intelsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
23 May15:20:0989	Rokot / Briz-KM			Plesetsk Site 133/390		RVSN RF
		Kosmos 2437 (Rodnik)91	VKS	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		Kosmos 2438 (Rodnik)92	VKS	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		Kosmos 2439 (Rodnik)93	VKS	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		Yubeleiny	NPO PM94	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
27 May03:0295	Long March 4C			Taiyuan LC-1		CASC
		Fengyun 3A	CMA	Sun-synchronous	Weather96	In orbit	Operational
31 May21:02:129798	Space Shuttle Discovery			Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance
		STS-124	NASA	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS assembly	14 June15:1599	Successful
		JEM-PM	JAXA	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS assembly	In orbit	Operational
		Crewed flight with seven astronauts
← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec → June
9 June12:15100	Long March 3B101			Xichang LC-2		CASC
		Chinasat 9102	CNPT	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
11 June16:05103	Delta II 7920H-10C			Cape Canaveral SLC-17B		United Launch Alliance
		FGST104 (GLAST)105	NASA	Low Earth	Gamma-ray astronomy	In orbit	Operational
12 June22:05:02106	Unknown			Kourou ELA-3		Arianespace
		Skynet 5C	MoD	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		Turksat 3A	Türksat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
19 June06:36107108	Kosmos-3M			Kapustin Yar Site 107		COSMOS International
		Orbcomm CDS-3	Orbcomm	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Spacecraft failure
		Orbcomm QL-1	Orbcomm	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational109
		Orbcomm QL-2	Orbcomm	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Spacecraft failure
		Orbcomm QL-3	Orbcomm	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational110
		Orbcomm QL-4	Orbcomm	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Spacecraft failure
		Orbcomm QL-5	Orbcomm	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Spacecraft failure
		Spacecraft affected by communications problems, four had failed by December 2009.111
20 June07:46:25112	Delta II 7320			Vandenberg SLC-2W		United Launch Alliance
		Jason-2 (OSTM)	NASA	Low Earth	Oceanography	In orbit	Operational
26 June23:59113	Proton-K / DM-2114 (?? DM-3115)			Baikonur Site 81/24		RVSN RF
		Kosmos 2440 (Prognoz)116	VKS	Geosynchronous	Missile defence117	In orbit	Operational
← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec → July
7 July21:47118	Unknown			Kourou ELA-3		Arianespace
		Badr-6	Arabsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		ProtoStar-1119	ProtoStar	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
16 July05:20:59120121	Zenit-3SL			Ocean Odyssey		Sea Launch
		Echostar 11	Echostar	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
22 July02:40:09122123	Kosmos-3M			Plesetsk Site 132/1		COSMOS International
		SAR-Lupe 5	Bundeswehr	Low Earth (SSO)	Reconnaissance	In orbit	Operational
26 July18:31124	Soyuz-2.1b			Plesetsk Site 43/4		RVSN RF
		Kosmos 2441 (Persona)125	VKS	Low Earth (SSO)	Reconnaissance	In orbit	Spacecraft failure
		Spacecraft lost due to electrical malfunction
← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec → August
3 August03:34126127	Falcon 1			Omelek		SpaceX
		Trailblazer	ORS / MDA	Intended: Low Earth	Technology demonstration	~T+140 seconds128	Launch failure129
		⚀ PreSat130	Santa Clara / NASA131132	Intended: Low Earth	Biological
		⚀ NanoSail-D133	Santa Clara / NASA134135	Intended: Low Earth	Solar sail
		Explorers136	Celestis	Intended: Low Earth	Space burial
		First and second stage recontact due to residual thrust.137 PreSAT and NanoSail-D CubeSats, Celestis burial payload included remains of astronaut Gordon Cooper,138 actor James Doohan,139 writer and director John Meredyth Lucas,140 and Apollo mission planner Mareta West141
14 August20:44142	Unknown			Kourou ELA-3		Arianespace
		Superbird 7	SCC	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		AMC-21	SES Americom	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
16 August19:32143	Safir144		LBS.2001	Semnan		ISA
		DemoSat145	ISA	Intended: Low Earth146	Test flight	16 August	Launch failure147
		Reported to have been first Iranian orbital launch attempt. Officially successful, however no objects were left in orbit.148 Unofficial reports of a second stage malfunction.149 Also reported to have been a suborbital test, or an attempt to launch the Omid satellite, instead of an orbital test launch.
18 August22:43150151152	Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced			Baikonur Site 200/39153		International Launch Services
		Inmarsat-4 F3154	Inmarsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
29 August07:15:58155	Dnepr			Baikonur Site 109/95		ISC Kosmotras
		Tachys (RapidEye-1)156	RapidEye / Planet Labs	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Successful157
		Mati (RapidEye-2)158	RapidEye / Planet Labs	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Successful159
		Choma (RapidEye-3)160	RapidEye / Planet Labs	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Successful161
		Choros (RapidEye-4)162	RapidEye / Planet Labs	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Successful163
		Trochia (RapidEye-5)164	RapidEye / Planet Labs	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Successful165
← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec → September
6 September03:25166	Long March 2C			Taiyuan LC-1		CASC
		Huan Jing 1A	CNSA	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		Huan Jing 1B	CNSA	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
6 September18:50:57167	Delta II 7420			Vandenberg SLC-2W		United Launch Alliance
		GeoEye 1 (Orbview 5)	GeoEye	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
10 September19:50:02168	Soyuz-U			Baikonur Site 1/5		Roscosmos
		Progress M-65	Roscosmos	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS logistics	7 December08:48:47169	Successful
		ISS flight 30P
19 September21:48170171	Proton-M / Briz-M			Baikonur Site 200/39		International Launch Services
		Nimiq-4172	Telesat Canada	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
24 September09:27:59173	Zenit-3SL			Ocean Odyssey		Sea Launch
		Galaxy 19	Intelsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
25 September08:49:37174175	Proton-M / DM-2176			Baikonur Site 81/24		RVSN RF
		Kosmos 2442 (GLONASS)177178	VKS	Medium Earth	Navigation179	In orbit	Operational
		Kosmos 2443 (GLONASS)180181	VKS	Medium Earth	Navigation182	In orbit	Operational
		Kosmos 2444 (GLONASS)183184	VKS	Medium Earth	Navigation185	In orbit	Operational
25 September13:10186187	Long March 2F			Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-1		CASC
		Shenzhou 7	CMSA	Low Earth	Crewed flight	28 September09:37:40188	Successful
		Ban Xing189	CMSA	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	30 October 2009190	Successful
		Shenzhou 7-GC191	CMSA	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	4 January 2010192	Successful
		Crewed flight with three yǔhángyuán, crew conducted first Chinese EVABan Xing deployed from Shenzhou on 27 September at 11:27 GMT, GC separated on 28 September at 08:48 to begin independent mission193
28 September23:15194	Falcon 1			Omelek		SpaceX
		RatSat195	SpaceX	Low Earth	Boilerplate	In orbit	Successful196197
		Launched boilerplate payload. First privately funded and developed liquid fuelled rocket to reach orbit.198
← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec → October
1 October06:37:16	Dnepr			Dombarovskiy		ISC Kosmotras
		THEOS	GISTDA	Low Earth	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
12 October07:01199	Soyuz-FG			Baikonur Site 1/5		Roscosmos
		Soyuz TMA-13200	Roscosmos	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS Expedition 18	8 April 200907:16	Successful
		Crewed flight with three cosmonauts, including a space tourist. 100th flight of the Soyuz programme to be crewed at some point in its mission201
19 October17:47:23202	Pegasus-XL/Star-27			Stargazer, Kwajalein Atoll		Orbital Sciences
		IBEX	NASA	High Earth	Solar	In orbit	Operational
22 October00:52:11203	PSLV-XL			Satish Dhawan SLP		ISRO
		Chandrayaan-1204	ISRO	Selenocentric	Lunar orbiter	In orbit	Partial spacecraft failure
		MIP	ISRO	Selenocentric	Lunar impactor	14 November	Successful
		First Indian lunar spacecraft,205 failed on 28 August 2009 after less than half of planned mission duration, maiden flight of PSLV-XL
25 October01:15206	Long March 4B			Taiyuan LC-2207		CASC
		Shijian 6-03A	CNSA	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		Shijian 6-03B	CNSA	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		First launch from Taiyuan LC-2208
25 October02:28209	Delta II 7420-10			Vandenberg SLC-2W		United Launch Alliance
		COSMO-3	ASI210	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
29 October16:53:53211	Long March 3B/E			Xichang LC-2		CASC
		VeneSat-1 (Simón Bolívar)	VMoST	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful; Partial spacecraft failure
		First Venezuelan satellite.212 Lost in March 2020 due to the failure of both solar array drives.213
← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec → November
5 November00:15214	Long March 2D215			Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center SLS-2216		CASC
		Chuang Xin 1B	CNSA	Low Earth	Weather	In orbit	Operational
		Shiyan 3217	CNSA	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
5 November20:44	Proton-M / Briz-M			Baikonur Site 200/39		International Launch Services
		Astra 1M	SES Astra	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		Final flight of standard Proton-M
14 November15:50218	Soyuz-U			Plesetsk Site 16/2		RVSN RF
		Kosmos 2445 (Kobalt-M)	VKS	Low Earth	Optical imaging	23 February 200921916:15220	Successful
15 November00:55:39221	Space Shuttle Endeavour222			Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance
		STS-126223	NASA	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS assembly	30 November21:25:06224	Successful
		Leonardo MPLM	ASI / NASA	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS logistics		Successful
		PSSC	U.S. Air Force	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	17 February 201017:31225	Successful
		Crewed flight with seven astronauts, PSSC deployed from Shuttle at 20:33 GMT on 29 November and operated for 110 days.226
26 November12:38:27227	Soyuz-U			Baikonur Site 1/5		Roscosmos
		Progress M-01M	Roscosmos	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS logistics	8 February 200908:20228	Successful
		First flight of modernised Progress spacecraft, Kurs anomaly necessitated manual docking.ISS flight 31P
← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec → December
1 December04:42229	Long March 2D			Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center SLS-2		CASC
		Yaogan-4	CNSA	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
2 December05:00230	Molniya-M/2BL231			Plesetsk Site 16/2		RVSN RF
		Kosmos 2446 (Oko)	VKS	Molniya	Missile defence	In orbit	Operational
10 December13:43:00232	Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced			Baikonur Site 200/39		International Launch Services
		Ciel-2233	Ciel234	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
15 December03:22235	Long March 4B			Taiyuan LC-2		CASC
		Yaogan-5	CNSA	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	2 September 2014	Successful
20 December22:35236	Unknown			Kourou ELA-3		Arianespace
		Hot Bird 9237	Eutelsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		Eutelsat W2M238	Eutelsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Spacecraft failure239
23 December00:54240	Long March 3A			Xichang LC-2		CASC
		Fengyun 2E	CMA	Geosynchronous	Meteorology	In orbit	Operational
25 December10:43241	Proton-M / DM-2 Enhanced			Baikonur Site 81/24		RVSN RF
		Kosmos 2447 (GLONASS)	VKS	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
		Kosmos 2448 (GLONASS)	VKS	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
		Kosmos 2449 (GLONASS)	VKS	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
		First flight of Proton-M Enhanced with DM-2 upper stage, last orbital launch from Baikonur to be conducted by the Russian military

← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec →

Suborbital launches

← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec →

Date and time (UTC)	Rocket		Flight number	Launch site		LSP
		Payload(⚀ = CubeSat)	Operator	Orbit	Function	Decay (UTC)	Outcome
		Remarks
January-March
11 January05:32242	Black Brant IX			White Sands LC-36		NASA
		LIDOS	JHU	Suborbital	UV Astronomy	05:42	Successful
		Apogee: 315 kilometres (196 mi)
17 January243	Jericho III			Palmachim		Israeli Air Force
			Israeli Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	17 January	Successful
18 January07:30244	Black Brant XII			Andøya		NASA
		SCIFER-2	Cornell/Dartmouth	Suborbital	Ionospheric research	18 January	Successful
		Apogee: 1,460 kilometres (910 mi)
25 January245	Shaheen-I			Sonmiani		Pakistan Army
			Pakistan Army	Suborbital	Missile test	25 January	Successful
31 January19:14246	VS-30-Orion			Andøya		DLR/Andøya
		HotPay-2	University of Leeds	Suborbital	Ionospheric research	31 January	Successful
		Apogee: 380.6 kilometres (236.5 mi)
4 February247	Safir			Semnan		ISA
		Kavoshgar-1	ISA	Suborbital	Test flight	4 February	Successful
6 February09:14:40248	S-310			Uchinoura		JAXA
			JAXA	Suborbital	Ionospheric research	6 February	Successful
7 February11:30249	VSB-30			Esrange		DLR / ESA
		TEXUS-44	DLR / ESA	Suborbital	Microgravity	7 February	Successful
		Apogee: 264 kilometres (164 mi)
21 February03:26250	RIM-161 Standard Missile 3			USS Lake Erie		U.S. Navy / MDA
		ASAT	MDA	Suborbital	Satellite intercept	03:29251	Successful
		Destroyed USA-193 satellite252
21 February06:15253	VSB-30			Esrange		DLR / ESA
		TEXUS-45	DLR / ESA	Suborbital	Microgravity	21 February	Successful
26 February07:28254	K-15 Sagarika			INS Kalinga		Indian Navy
			Indian Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	26 February	Successful
23 March04:45255	Agni 1			Integrated Test Range LC-4256		Indian Army
			SFC / DRDO	Suborbital	Missile test	23 March	Successful
28 March	VSB-30			Andøya		Andøya
		Mini-DUSTY 14	Andøya	Suborbital	Ionospheric research	28 March	Successful
April-June
2 April08:01257	LGM-30G Minuteman III			Vandenberg LF-09		U.S. Air Force
		GT-196GM	U.S. Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	2 April	Successful
		Travelled 6,759 kilometres (4,200 mi) downrange258
14 April16:58259	Black Brant IX			White Sands LC-36		NASA
		SEE	UCB LASP	Suborbital	UV Astronomy260	17:08261	Successful
15 April	Blue Sparrow			F-15 Eagle, Israel		Israeli Air Force
			Israeli Air Force	Suborbital	Test flight	15 April	Successful
		Maiden flight of Blue Sparrow.
19 April262263	Shaheen-II			Sonmiani		Pakistan Army264
			Pakistan Army265	Suborbital	Missile test	19 April	Successful
21 April266	Shaheen-II			Sonmiani		Pakistan Army
			Pakistan Army	Suborbital	Missile test	21 April	Successful
1 May05:30267268	Black Brant IX			White Sands LC-36		NASA
			JHU	Suborbital	UV Astronomy	05:40	Successful
7 May04:26269270	Agni-III			Integrated Test Range LC-4		Indian Army
			SFC/DRDO	Suborbital	Missile test	04:41	Successful
8 May	UGM-133 Trident II			USS Nebraska		U.S. Navy
			U.S. Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	8 May	Successful
8 May	UGM-133 Trident II			USS Nebraska		U.S. Navy
			U.S. Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	8 May	Successful
15 May04:00271272273	VSB-30			Esrange		SSC/DLR
		MASER-11	SSC/ESA	Suborbital	Microgravity	15 May	Successful274
		Apogee: 252 kilometres (157 mi)275
22 May10:04276277	LGM-30G Minuteman III			Vandenberg LF-10		U.S. Air Force
		GT-197GM	U.S. Air Force/NNSA278	Suborbital	Missile test	22 May	Successful
		Long range test279
23 May05:00280	Prithvi			Integrated Test Range		Indian Army
			Indian Army281	Suborbital	Missile test	23 May	Successful
		User test282
29 May	JL-2			P629 submarine, Yellow Sea		PLAN
			PLAN	Suborbital	Missile test	29 May	Successful
5 June18:13	TR-SRBM		FTM-14	USS Tripoli, Kauai		U.S. Navy / MDA
			MDA	Suborbital	AEGIS target	5 June	Successful
		Destroyed after re-entry by endoatmospheric SM-2 missile launch
13 June	MRT			Barking Sands		U.S. Navy / MDA
			MDA	Suborbital	AEGIS target	13 June	Successful
		Used for simulated test, not intercepted
13 June	MRT			Barking Sands		U.S. Navy / MDA
			MDA	Suborbital	AEGIS target	13 June	Successful
		Used for simulated test, not intercepted
26 June02:16283	TRBM		FTT-09	C-17, Pacific Ocean		U.S. Air Force
			MDA	Suborbital	THAAD Target	26 June	Successful
		Intercepted after re-entry by THAAD launched from KMR at 02:22 GMT.284285286
26 June19:57287288	Black Brant XI			Wallops Island		NASA
			MDA289	Suborbital	Technology demonstration	26 June	Successful
30 June290	Nike-Orion			Andøya		Andøya
		ECOMA 2008-1	Andøya / DLR	Suborbital	Aeronomy	30 June	Successful
July-September
7 July21:30291	Nike-Orion			Andøya		Andøya
		ECOMA 2008-2	Andøya / DLR	Suborbital	Aeronomy	7 July	Successful
		Apogee: 125 kilometres (78 mi)
9 July292	Shahab-3			Strait of Hormuz293		IRGC
			IRGC	Suborbital	Missile test	9 July	Successful
		Part of Great Prophet III exercise.
9 July294	Shahab-2295			Strait of Hormuz296		IRGC
			IRGC	Suborbital	Missile test	9 July	Successful
		Part of Great Prophet III exercise, missile type not confirmed.
9 July297	Shahab-1298			Strait of Hormuz299		IRGC
			IRGC	Suborbital	Missile test	9 July	Successful
		Part of Great Prophet III exercise, missile type not confirmed.
10 July300	Shahab-3			Strait of Hormuz		IRGC
			IRGC	Suborbital	Missile test	10 July	Successful
		Part of Great Prophet III exercise, missile type not confirmed.
12 July10:46301	Nike-Orion			Andøya302		Andøya
		ECOMA 2008-3	Andøya / DLR	Suborbital	Aeronomy303	12 July	Successful
		Apogee: 123 kilometres (76 mi)304
14 July10:10305	Terrier-Orion306			Wallops Island LP-1		NASA
		SubTEC-II	NASA / Wallops	Suborbital	Technology demonstration	14 July	Successful
18 July22:47307	UGM-27 Polaris (STARS			Kodiak Island		U.S. Air Force
		FTX-03	MDA	Suborbital	Target	18 July	Successful308
		Radar targeting test only, missile not intercepted
1 August	R-29			Ryazan, Barents Sea		VMF
			VMF	Suborbital	Missile test	1 August	Successful
2 August08:30309310	S-520			Uchinoura		JAXA
			JAXA/Teikyo	Suborbital	Microgravity	2 August	Successful
		Apogee: 293 kilometres (182 mi)
13 August08:01311	LGM-30G Minuteman III			Vandenberg		U.S. Air Force
		GT-195GM	U.S. Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	13 August	Successful312
		Travelled about 6,790 kilometres (4,220 mi) downrange.313
22 August09:10314	ALV			MARS LP-0B		Alliant Techsystems
		SOAREX-VI	NASA	Suborbital	Technology demonstration	T+27 seconds315	Launch failure
		Hy-BoLT	NASA	Suborbital	Aerodynamics
		Only flight of ALV, veered off course to the South and destroyed by RSO316
25 August317	UGM-133 Trident II			USS Louisiana, Pacific Ocean		U.S. Navy
			U.S. Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	25 August	Successful
25 August318	UGM-133 Trident II			USS Louisiana, Pacific Ocean		U.S. Navy
			U.S. Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	25 August	Successful
28 August319	RT-2PM Topol (RS-12M)			Plesetsk		RVSN RF
			RVSN RF	Suborbital	Missile test	28 August	Successful
18 September02:05320			FTT-10	Kauai		MDA
			MDA	Suborbital	Target	18 September	Launch failure321
		Two THAAD intercept launches cancelled.322
18 September14:45323	RSM-56 Bulava (R-30)			Dmitri Donskoi, White Sea324		VMF
			VMF	Suborbital	Missile test	15:05325	Successful
24 September06:57326	Chimera327 (Minuteman/Minotaur II)			Vandenberg LF-06		Orbital Sciences
		NFIRE 2b	MDA	Suborbital	Target	24 September	Successful
		Tracked by NFIRE satellite
October-December
11 October	R-29RMU Sineva			Tula, Barents Sea		VMF
			VMF	Suborbital	Missile test	11 October	Successful
		Long-range test
12 October07:24	RT-2PM Topol (RS-12M)			Plesetsk		RVSN RF
			RVSN RF	Suborbital	Missile test	07:50	Successful
12 October328	R-29R Vysota			Zelenograd, Sea of Okhotsk329		VMF
			VMF	Suborbital	Missile test	12 October	Successful
12 October330	R-29RM Shtil			Yekaterinburg, Barents Sea331		VMF
			VMF	Suborbital	Missile test	12 October	Successful
20 October08:39332	Black Brant IX			White Sands LC-36		NASA
			NRL	Suborbital	UV Astronomy333	08:49334	Successful
22 October09:10335	RS-18 UR-100N			Baikonur		RVSN RF
			RVSN RF	Suborbital	Missile test	22 October	Successful
22 October12:30336	Nike-Orion			Esrange		EuroLaunch
		REXUS-4	SSC / DLR	Suborbital	Student research	22 October	Successful
		Apogee: 175 kilometres (109 mi)
1 November337			Pacific Blitz	Barking Sands		U.S. Navy
			U.S. Navy	Suborbital	Target	1 November	Successful
		Intercepted by SM-3 missile, part of Pacific Blitz exercise338
1 November339	RIM-161 SM-3		Pacific Blitz	USS Paul Hamilton, Pacific Ocean340		U.S. Navy
			U.S. Navy341	Suborbital	Intercept test	1 November	Successful
		Intercepted target missile, part of Pacific Blitz exercise342
1 November343			Pacific Blitz	Barking Sands		U.S. Navy
			U.S. Navy	Suborbital	Target	1 November	Successful
		Intercept by SM-3 missile failed. Part of Pacific Blitz exercise344
1 November345	RIM-161 SM-3		Pacific Blitz	USS Hopper, Pacific Ocean346		U.S. Navy
			U.S. Navy347	Suborbital	Intercept test	1 November	Spacecraft failure
		Sensor fault resulted in failure to intercept target missile.348 Part of Pacific Blitz exercise349
5 November09:00350	LGM-30G Minuteman III			Vandenberg		U.S. Air Force
		GT-198GM	U.S. Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	5 November	Successful
		Travelled 6,740 kilometres (4,190 mi) downrange351
12 November05:56352	Shaurya353			Integrated Test Range LC-3354		DRDO
			Indian Army	Suborbital	Missile test	12 November	Successful
12 November355	Sejjil			Iran		IRGC AF
			IRGC AF	Suborbital	Missile test	12 November	Successful
		Maiden flight of Sejjil missile
13 November09:06356	M51			CEL		FOST
			FOST	Suborbital	Missile test	13 November	Successful
14 November	Black Brant IX			White Sands LC-36		NASA
			NRL357	Suborbital	Solar358	14 November	Successful
19 November02:18359360			JFTM-2	Barking Sands		U.S. Navy
			U.S. Navy / JMSDF	Suborbital	Target	19 November	Successful
		Intercept by SM-3 missile failed
19 November02:21361	RIM-161 SM-3		JFTM-2	JDS Chōkai, Pacific Ocean		JMSDF
			JMSDF	Suborbital	Interceptor	19 November	Spacecraft failure
		Infrared sensor fault, failed to intercept target362
26 November13:24	RS-24 Yars			Plesetsk		RVSN RF
			RVSN RF	Suborbital	Missile test	26 November	Successful
26 November363	Kavoshgar-2			Semnan		ISA
		Kavoshgar-2	ISA	Suborbital	Test flight	26 November	Successful
		Payload recovered by parachute
28 November364	RSM-56 Bulava (R-30)			Dmitri Donskoi, White Sea365		VMF
			VMF	Suborbital	Missile test	28 November	Successful
5 December10:35:10366	VS-30-Orion			SvalRak		Andøya
		ICI-2367	Oslo	Suborbital	Auroral	10:45368	Successful
		Apogee: 330 kilometres (210 mi)369
5 December20:04370	UGM-27 Polaris (STARS)		FTG-05	Kodiak Island		U.S. Air Force
			MDA	Suborbital	Target	20:29371	Partial spacecraft failure
		Decoy target failed to deploy,372 intercepted by GBI
5 December20:21373	Ground Based Interceptor		FTG-05	Vandenberg		U.S. Air Force
			MDA	Suborbital	Target	20:29374	Successful
		Intercepted Polaris
23 December03:00375	RSM-56 Bulava376			Dmitry Donskoi377		VMF
			VMF	Suborbital	Missile test	23 December	Launch failure
		Self-destruct system activated after missile went off course.378

← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec →

Deep Space Rendezvous

Date (GMT)	Spacecraft	Event	Remarks
5 January	Cassini	40th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 1,010 kilometres (630 mi)
14 January	MESSENGER	1st flyby of Mercury	Closest approach: 200 kilometres (120 mi) at 19:04 GMT379
22 February	Cassini	41st flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
12 March	Cassini	3rd flyby of Enceladus	Closest approach: 52 kilometres (32 mi)
25 March	Cassini	42nd flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
12 May	Cassini	43rd flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
25 May	Phoenix	Landing on Mars	Region D, Arctic area - Green Valley, near the Heimdal crater: 68°13′08″N 125°44′57″W / 68.2188°N 125.7492°W / 68.2188; -125.7492. Touchdown at 23:38 GMT. Successful380
28 May	Cassini	44th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 1,400 kilometres (870 mi)
31 July	Cassini	45th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 1,613 kilometres (1,002 mi)
11 August	Cassini	4th flyby of Enceladus	Closest approach: 54 kilometres (34 mi)
5 September	Rosetta	Flyby of 2867 Šteins	Closest approach: 800 kilometres (500 mi)
6 October	MESSENGER	2nd flyby of Mercury
9 October	Cassini	5th flyby of Enceladus	Closest approach: 25 kilometres (16 mi)
31 October	Cassini	6th flyby of Enceladus	Closest approach: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
3 November	Cassini	46th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 1,100 kilometres (680 mi)
8 November	Chandrayaan-1	Injection into Selenocentric orbit	Periselene: 504 kilometres (313 mi), Aposelene: 7,502 kilometres (4,662 mi)381
14 November	MIP	Landing on the Moon	Lunar Impactor
19 November	Cassini	47th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 1,023 kilometres (636 mi)
5 December	Cassini	48th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 960 kilometres (600 mi)
21 December	Cassini	49th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 970 kilometres (600 mi)

Distant, non-targeted flybys of Dione, Enceladus, Mimas, Tethys and Titan by Cassini occurred throughout the year.

EVAs

Start Date/Time	Duration	End Time	Spacecraft	Crew	Function	Remarks
30 January09:56382	7 hours10 minutes	17:06383	Expedition 16(ISS Quest)	Peggy WhitsonDaniel M. Tani	Replace motor and bearing in solar array joint
11 February14:13384	7 hours58 minutes	22:11385	STS-122(ISS Quest)	Rex J. WalheimStanley G. Love	Install Power Data Grapple Fixture on Columbus	Originally to have been conducted by Walheim and Hans Schlegel, Love replaced Schlegel on medical grounds.386
13 February14:27387	6 hours45 minutes	21:12388	STS-122(ISS Quest)	Rex J. WalheimHans Schlegel	Replace depleted nitrogen tank
15 February12:07389	7 hours25 minutes	20:32390	STS-122(ISS Quest)	Rex J. WalheimStanley G. Love	Install experiments on Columbus, load failed gyroscope onto Shuttle for return to Earth
14 March01:18391	7 hours1 minute	08:19392	STS-123(ISS Quest)	Richard M. LinnehanGarrett Reisman	Install Kibo ELM-PS and start Dextre assembly
15 March23:49393	7 hours8 minutes	16 March06:57394	STS-123(ISS Quest)	Richard M. LinnehanMichael Foreman	Dextre assembly
17 March22:52395	6 hours53 minutes	18 March05:44396	STS-123(ISS Quest)	Richard M. LinnehanRobert L. Behnken	Dextre assembly, install MISSE-6 experiment, and store spare parts outside the ISS	MISSE installation failed397
20 March22:04398	6 hours24 minutes	21 March04:08399	STS-123(ISS Quest)	Robert L. BehnkenMichael Foreman	Test heat shield repair techniques
22 March20:34400	6 hours2 minutes	23 March02:36401	STS-123(ISS Quest)	Robert L. BehnkenMichael Foreman	Store OBSS on ISS, retry MISSE-6 installation402
3 June16:22403	6 hours48 minutes404	23:10405	STS-124(ISS Quest)	Mike FossumRon Garan	Install JEM Pressurised Module, Inspect SARJ, retrieve OBSS.406
5 June15:04407	7 hours11 minutes408	22:15409	STS-124(ISS Quest)	Mike FossumRon Garan	Adjust covers on JEM, Inspect SARJ.410
8 June13:55411	6 hours33 minutes412	20:28413	STS-124(ISS Quest)	Mike FossumRon Garan	Replace nitrogen tank, inspect SARJ.414
10 July18:48415	6 hours18 minutes416	11 July01:06417	Expedition 17(ISS Pirs)418	Sergei VolkovOleg Kononenko	Remove pyrotechnic bolt from Soyuz TMA-12 for inspection.419
15 July17:08420	5 hours54 minutes421	23:02422	Expedition 17(ISS Pirs)423	Sergei VolkovOleg Kononenko	Install docking targeting equipment, rotate exposed experiments424
27 September08:38	22 minutes	09:00	Shenzhou 7	Zhai Zhigang (full)Liu Boming (stand-up)	Test spacesuit, collect experiment	First Chinese EVA
18 November18:09	6 hours52 minutes	19 November01:01	STS-126(ISS Quest)	Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-PiperStephen G. Bowen	Transferred an empty nitrogen tank assembly from ESP3 to the shuttle's cargo bay, transferred a new flex hose rotary coupler to ESP3 for future use, removed an insulation cover on the Kibo Exposed Facility berthing mechanism, began cleaning and lubrication of the starboard SARJ, and replacement of its 11 trundle bearing assemblies.425426
20 November17:58	6 hours45 minutes	21 November00:43	STS-126(ISS Quest)	Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-PiperRobert S. Kimbrough	Relocated the two CETA carts from the starboard side of the Mobile Transporter to the port side, lubricated the station robotic arm's latching end effector A snare bearings, continued cleaning and lubrication of the starboard SARJ427428429	Conducted on tenth anniversary of the launch of the ISS430
22 November18:01	6 hours57 minutes	23 November00:58	STS-126(ISS Quest)	Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-PiperStephen G. Bowen	Completed cleaning and lubrication of all but one of the trundle bearing assemblies (TBA) on the starboard SARJ.431432
24 November18:24	6 hours7 minutes	25 November00:31	STS-126(ISS Quest)	Stephen G. BowenRobert S. Kimbrough	Completed replacement of trundle bearing assemblies on starboard SARJ, lubricated the port SARJ, installed a video camera, re-installed insulation covers on the Kibo External Facility berthing mechanism, performed Kibo robotic arm grounding tab maintenance, installed spacewalk handrails on Kibo, installed Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) antennae on Kibo, photographed radiators, and photographed trailing umbilical system cables.433
23 December00:51	5 hours38 minutes	06:29	Expedition 18(ISS Pirs)	Michael FinckeYuri Lonchakov	Install Langmuir probe, EXPOSE-R and IPI-SM experiments.434	EXPOSE-R installation failed435

Orbital launch statistics

By country

Country		Launches	Successes	Failures	Partialfailures	Remarks
	China	11	11	0	0
	France	6	6	0	0
	India	3	3	0	0
	Iran	1	0	1	0	First orbital launch attempt436
	Japan	1	1	0	0
	Russia	24	23	0	1
	Ukraine	8	8	0	0
	United States	15	14	1	0
World		69	66	2	1

By rocket

5 10 15 20 Ariane Atlas Delta Falcon Long March Pegasus PSLV R-7 R-14 R-36 Space Shuttle Universal Rocket Zenit Others

•   Ariane 5
•   Atlas V
•   Delta II
•   Delta IV
•   Delta IV Heavy
•   Falcon 1
•   Long March 2
•   Long March 3
•   Long March 4
•   Pegasus
•   PSLV
•   Molniya-M
•   Soyuz-U
•   Soyuz-FG
•   Soyuz-2
•   Kosmos-3M
•   Dnepr
•   Space Shuttle
•   Proton-K
•   Proton-M
•   Rokot
•   Zenit-3SL/SLB
•   Others
•  

By family

Family	Country	Launches	Successes	Failures	Partial failures	Remarks
Ariane	France	6	6	0	0
Atlas	United States	2	2	0	0
Delta	United States	5	5	0	0
Falcon	United States	2	1	1	0
H-II	Japan	1	1	0	0
Long March	China	11	11	0	0
Pegasus	United States	2	2	0	0
PSLV	India	3	3	0	0
R-7	Russia	10	10	0	0
R-14	Russia	3	3	0	0
R-36	Ukraine	2	2	0	0
Safir	Iran	1	0	1	0	Maiden flight
Space Shuttle	United States	4	4	0	0
Universal Rocket	Russia	11	10	0	1
Zenit	Ukraine	6	6	0	0

By type

Rocket	Country	Family	Launches	Successes	Failures	Partial failures	Remarks
Ariane 5	France	Ariane	6	6	0	0
Atlas V	United States	Atlas	2	2	0	0
Delta II	United States	Delta	5	5	0	0
Dnepr	Ukraine	R-36	2	2	0	0
H-IIA	Japan	H-II	1	1	0	0
Falcon 1	United States	Falcon	2	1	1	0
Kosmos	Russia	R-12/R-14	3	3	0	0
Long March 2	China	Long March	4	4	0	0
Long March 3	China	Long March	4	4	0	0
Long March 4	China	Long March	3	3	0	0
Molniya	Russia	R-7	1	1	0	0
Pegasus	United States	Pegasus	2	2	0	0
PSLV	India	PSLV	3	3	0	0
Proton	Russia	Universal Rocket	10	9	0	1
Safir	Iran	Safir	1	0	1	0	Maiden flight
Soyuz	Russia	R-7	8	8	0	0
Soyuz-2	Russia	R-7	1	1	0	0
Space Shuttle	United States	Space Shuttle	4	4	0	0
UR-100	Russia	Universal Rocket	1	1	0	0
Zenit	Ukraine	Zenit	6	6	0	0

By configuration

Rocket	Country	Type	Launches	Successes	Failures	Partial failures	Remarks
Ariane 5 ES	France	Ariane 5	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Ariane 5 ECA	France	Ariane 5	5	5	0	0
Atlas V 411	United States	Atlas V	1	1	0	0
Atlas V 421	United States	Atlas V	1	1	0	0
Delta II 7320	United States	Delta II	1	1	0	0
Delta II 7420	United States	Delta II	2	2	0	0
Delta II 7920H	United States	Delta II	1	1	0	0
Delta II 7925	United States	Delta II	1	1	0	0
Dnepr	Ukraine	Dnepr	2	2	0	0
H-IIA 2024	Japan	H-IIA	1	1	0	0
Falcon 1	United States	Falcon 1	2	1	1	0	First successful launch437
Kosmos-3M	Russia	Kosmos	3	3	0	0
Long March 2C	China	Long March 2	1	1	0	0
Long March 2D	China	Long March 2	2	2	0	0
Long March 2F	China	Long March 2	1	1	0	0
Long March 3A	China	Long March 3	1	1	0	0
Long March 3B	China	Long March 3	1	1	0	0
Long March 3B/E	China	Long March 3	1	1	0	0
Long March 3C	China	Long March 3	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Long March 4B	China	Long March 4	2	2	0	0
Long March 4C	China	Long March 4	1	1	0	0
Molniya-M / 2BL	Russia	Molniya	1	1	0	0
Pegasus-XL	United States	Pegasus	2	2	0	0
Proton-K / DM-2	Russia	Proton	1	1	0	0
Proton-M / DM-2	Russia	Proton	2	2	0	0
Proton-M / Briz-M	Russia	Proton	7	6	0	1
PSLV-CA	India	PSLV	2	2	0	0
PSLV-XL	India	PSLV	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Rokot / Briz-KM	Russia	UR-100	1	1	0	0
Safir	Iran	Safir	1	0	1	0	Maiden flight
Soyuz-2.1b	Russia	Soyuz-2	1	1	0	0
Soyuz-FG	Russia	Soyuz	2	2	0	0
Soyuz-FG / Fregat	Russia	Soyuz	1	1	0	0
Soyuz-U	Russia	Soyuz	5	5	0	0
Space Shuttle	United States	Space Shuttle	4	4	0	0
Zenit-3SL	Ukraine	Zenit	5	5	0	0
Zenit-3SLB	Ukraine	Zenit	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight

By launch site

5 10 15 20 China France India International waters Iran Japan Kazakhstan Marshall Islands Russia United States

•   Jiuquan
•   Taiyuan
•   Xichang
•   Kourou
•   Satish Dhawan
•   Ocean Odyssey
•   Semnan
•   Tanegashima
•   Baikonour
•   Kwajalein
•   Dombarovsky
•   Kapustin Yar
•   Plesetsk
•   Cape Canaveral
•   Kennedy
•   Vandenberg

Site	Country	Launches	Successes	Failures	Partial failures	Remarks
Baikonur	Kazakhstan	19	18	0	1
Cape Canaveral	United States	3	3	0	0
Dombarovsky	Russia	1	1	0	0
Jiuquan	China	3	3	0	0
Kapustin Yar	Russia	1	1	0	0
Kennedy	United States	4	4	0	0
Kwajalein	Marshall Islands	4	3	1	0	Two launches used Stargazer aircraft
Kourou	France	6	6	0	0
Ocean Odyssey	International	5	5	0	0
Plesetsk	Russia	6	6	0	0
Satish Dhawan	India	3	3	0	0
Semnan	Iran	1	0	1	0	First orbital launch attempt
Taiyuan	China	4	4	0	0
Tanegashima	Japan	1	1	0	0
Vandenberg	United States	4	4	0	0
Xichang	China	4	4	0	0
Total		69	66	2	1

By orbit

10 20 30 40 Transatmospheric Low Earth Medium Earth Geosynchronous / transfer High Earth Heliocentric

•   Transatmospheric
•   Low Earth
•   Low Earth (ISS)
•   Low Earth (SSO)
•   Low Earth (retrograde)
•   Medium Earth
•   Geosychronous(transfer)
•   Inclined GSO
•   High Earth
•   Heliocentric

Orbital regime	Launches	Successes	Failures	Accidentallyachieved	Remarks
Transatmospheric	0	0	0	0
Low Earth	36	34	2	0	11 to ISS
Medium Earth / Molniya	6	6	0	0
Geosynchronous / GTO	25	25	0	0
High Earth / Lunar transfer	2	2	0	0
Heliocentric / Planetary transfer	0	0	0	0
Total	69	67	2	0

See also

• List of human spaceflights, 2000-present
• Suborbital spaceflight in 2008
• Timeline of spaceflight

• Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
• Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
• Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.
• Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
• Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
• McDowell, Jonathan. "GCAT Orbital Launch Log".
• Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
• Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
• Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
• Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
• "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
• "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
• "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).
• "Rocket Launch Manifest". Next Spaceflight.

Generic references:

• view
• talk
• edit

Spaceflight portal

Footnotes

References

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