Intel's Kaby Lake is the seventh generation Core microprocessor family, announced in 2016 and produced with a 14 nanometer manufacturing process. It follows the Skylake architecture but adopts Intel’s newer process–architecture–optimization model, breaking the traditional "tick–tock" approach. Kaby Lake chips shipped to OEMs in 2016 with desktop releases in early 2017. Its refresh, Kaby Lake R, launched in 2017 as 8th generation mobile CPUs supporting Windows 11. While Cannon Lake was delayed, Intel released the subsequent generation Coffee Lake later in 2017, with Cannon Lake eventually arriving briefly in 2018 before discontinuation.
Development history
As with previous Intel processors (such as the 8088, Banias, Dothan, Conroe, Sandy Bridge, Ivy Bridge, and Skylake), Kaby Lake's development was led by Intel's Israeli team, based in Haifa.12 Intel Israel Development Centers manager Ran Senderovitz said: "When we started out on the project, we were only thinking about basic improvements from the previous generation. But we began looking at things differently with a lot of innovation and determination and we achieved major improvements." He added that the performance of the seventh generation chips was improved by 12% for applications and 19% for Internet use compared with the sixth generation chips.13 Third-party benchmarks do not confirm these percentages as far as gaming is concerned.14
Features
Built on an improved 14 nm process (14FF+), Kaby Lake features faster CPU clock speeds, clock speed changes, and higher Turbo frequencies. Beyond these process and clock speed changes, little of the CPU architecture has changed from Skylake,15 resulting in identical IPC (Instructions Per Clock).16
Kaby Lake features a new graphics architecture to improve performance in 3D graphics and 4K video playback.1718 It adds native HDCP 2.2 support,19 along with fixed function decode of H.264 (AVC), HEVC Main and Main10/10-bit, and VP9 10-bit and 8-bit video.20212223 Hardware encode is supported for H.264 (AVC), HEVC Main10/10-bit, and VP9 8-bit video. VP9 10-bit encode is not supported in hardware. Both OpenGL 4.6 and OpenCL 3.0 are now supported.24
Kaby Lake is the first Core architecture to support hyper-threading for the Pentium-branded desktop CPU SKU. Kaby Lake also features the first overclocking-enabled i3-branded CPU.
Architecture changes compared to Skylake
Kaby Lake features the same CPU core and performance per MHz as Skylake. Features specific to Kaby Lake include:
CPU
- Intel claims 10x performance/Watt over Nehalem (up from 8x on Skylake)25
- Increased clock speeds on some CPUs models
- Faster clock speed changes (improved Intel Speed Shift26 technology): it takes less time for the CPU to transition from one frequency to another, e.g. from a low-power state to a high-performance state – consequently this may bring an increase in performance and responsiveness
- Add hardware MBEC support27
GPU
- Gen 9.5 (From Gen 9)
- Add support for Microsoft PlayReady 3.0
- HDCP 2.2
- Add 1.4 Embedded DisplayPort (From 1.3)
- Add HDMI 2.0 support (Most motherboards are limited to 1.4)
- Improved graphics core: full hardware fixed function HEVC/VP9 (including 4K@60fps/10bit) decoding;28 improved hardware HEVC encoding; full hardware fixed function VP9 8bit encoding; higher GPU clock speeds for select CPUs
I/O
- 200 series (Union Point) chipset on socket 1151 (Kaby Lake is compatible with 100 series chipset motherboards after a BIOS update)
- Up to 16 PCI Express 3.0 lanes from the CPU, 24 PCI Express 3.0 lanes from PCH
- Support for Intel Optane Memory storage caching (only on motherboards with the 200 series chipsets)
- Support for PTWRITE instruction to write data to an Intel Processor Trace packet stream
Starting from this generation, the built-in GPus core supports HAGS in the Windows 10 version of 2004 or newer, but currently support is only provided with insider drivers.
Operating system support
Intel began to add Kaby Lake support to the Linux kernel on version 4.5.29 A P state bug was fixed in kernel 4.10 that had prevented motherboards from activating the processors' turbo frequencies.30
Under new policies established in January 2016, Microsoft only supports an NT 10.0-based Windows platform on newly-released CPU microarchitectures, beginning with Kaby Lake and AMD Bristol Ridge. Therefore, Microsoft only supports Kaby Lake under Windows 10,3132 and Windows Update blocks updates from being installed on Kaby Lake systems running versions older than Windows 10. In support of this restriction, Intel provides chipset drivers for Windows 10 only, although VirtualBox provides drivers for other versions.333435 An enthusiast-created modification was released that disabled the Windows Update check and allowed Windows 8.1 and earlier to continue to be updated on Skylake and later platforms.36
Support for every Kaby Lake processor and older was dropped by Windows 11, excluding all Kaby Lake R, Skylake-X and Amber Lake processors as well as the Core i7-7820HQ and X series.37
Known issues
Kaby Lake has a critical flaw where some short loops may cause unpredictable system behavior. The issue can be fixed if the motherboard manufacturer releases a BIOS update with the fix.3839
TDP classification
Thermal design power (TDP) is the designed maximum heat generated by the chip running a specific workload at base clock. On a single microarchitecture, as the heat produced increases with voltage and frequency, this thermal design limit can also limit the maximum frequency of the processor.40 However, CPU testing and binning allows for products with lower voltage/power at a particular frequency, or higher frequency within the same power limit.4142
Desktop processors:
- High-power (K/X):
- For dual-core: 60 W
- For quad-core: 91 W (LGA1151) - 112W (LGA2066)
- Medium-power:
- For dual-core: 51...54 W
- For quad-core: 65 W
- Low-power (T): 35 W
Mobile processors:
- High-power (H): 45 W with configurable TDP-down to 35 W
- Medium-power (U): 15...28 W with configurable TDP-down to 7.5 W
- Low-power (Y): 5...7 W with configurable TDP-down to 3.5 W
List of 7th generation Kaby Lake processors
Desktop processors
Features common to desktop Kaby Lake CPUs:
- LGA 1151 socket
- DMI 3.0 and PCIe 3.0 interfaces
- Dual channel memory support in the following configurations: DDR3L-1600 1.35 V (32 GB maximum) or DDR4-2400 1.2 V (64 GB maximum)
- A total of 16 PCIe lanes
- The Core-branded processors support the AVX2 instruction set. The Celeron and Pentium-branded ones support only SSE4.1/4.2.
- 350 MHz base graphics clock rate
- No L4 cache (eDRAM)
- A release date of January 3, 2017
| Processorbranding | Model | Cores(threads) | CPUclock rate | Turbo clock GHz Num of cores | GPU | Max GPUclock rate | L3cache | TDP | Socket | Price(USD) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||
| Core i7 | 7700K | 4 (8) | 4.2 GHz | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.4 | HD 630 | 1150 MHz | 8 MB43 | 91 W | LGA 1151 | $350 |
| 7700 | 3.6 GHz | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 65 W | $312 | ||||||
| 7700T | 2.9 GHz | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 35 W | |||||||
| Core i5 | 7600K | 4 (4) | 3.8 GHz | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.0 | HD 630 | 1150 MHz | 6 MB | 91 W | $250 | |
| 7600 | 3.5 GHz | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 65 W | $224 | ||||||
| 7600T | 2.8 GHz | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 1100 MHz | 35 W | ||||||
| 7500 | 3.4 GHz | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 65 W | $202 | ||||||
| 7500T | 2.7 GHz | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 35 W | |||||||
| 7400 | 3.0 GHz | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 1000 MHz | 65 W | $182 | |||||
| 7400T | 2.4 GHz | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 35 W | $187 | ||||||
| Core i3 | 7350K | 2 (4) | 4.2 GHz | — | 1150 MHz | 4 MB | 60 W | $179 | ||||
| 7320 | 4.1 GHz | 51 W | $157 | |||||||||
| 7300 | 4.0 GHz | $147 | ||||||||||
| 7300T | 3.5 GHz | 1100 MHz | 35 W | |||||||||
| 7100 | 3.9 GHz | 3 MB | 51 W | $117 | ||||||||
| 7100T | 3.4 GHz | 35 W | ||||||||||
| 7101E | 3.9 GHz | 54 W | ||||||||||
| 7101TE | 3.4 GHz | 35 W | ||||||||||
| Pentium | G4620 | 3.7 GHz | 51 W | $93 | ||||||||
| G4600 | 3.6 GHz | $82 | ||||||||||
| G4600T | 3.0 GHz | 1050 MHz | 35 W | $75 | ||||||||
| G4560 | 3.5 GHz | HD 610 | 54 W | $64 | ||||||||
| G4560T | 2.9 GHz | 35 W | ||||||||||
| Celeron | G3950 | 2 (2) | 3.0 GHz | 2 MB | 51 W | $52 | ||||||
| G3930 | 2.9 GHz | $42 | ||||||||||
| G3930T | 2.7 GHz | 1000 MHz | 35 W | |||||||||
High-end desktop processors (Kaby Lake-X)
Features common to desktop Kaby Lake-X CPUs:
- LGA 2066 socket
- Support DDR4-2666 (64 GB maximum), but not DDR3L memory
- A total of 16 PCIe lanes
- No integrated GPU
- A release date date June 2017
| Processorbranding | Model | Cores(threads) | CPUclock rate | Turbo clock GHz Num of cores | GPU | Max GPUclock rate | L3cache | TDP | Socket | Price(USD) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||
| Core i7 | 7740X | 4 (8) | 4.3 GHz | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | — | 8 MB | 112 W | LGA 2066 | $350 | |
| Core i5 | 7640X | 4 (4) | 4.0 GHz | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 6 MB | $250 | ||||
Mobile processors
High power
Maximum PCIe Lanes: 16. Release date: Q1 2017.
| Processorbranding | Model | Cores(threads) | CPUclockrate | Turbo clock GHz Num of cores | GPU | Max GPU clock rate | L3cache | TDP | cTDP | Price(USD) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 4 | Max. | Up | Down | ||||||||
| Core i7 | 7920HQ | 4 (8) | 3.1 GHz | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.7 | HD 630 | 1100 MHz | 8 MB | 45 W | — | 35 W | $568 |
| 7820HQ | 2.9 GHz | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.5 | $378 | ||||||||
| 7820HK | |||||||||||||
| 7700HQ | 2.8 GHz | 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 6 MB | ||||||||
| Core i5 | 7440HQ | 4 (4) | 1000 MHz | $250 | |||||||||
| 7300HQ | 2.5 GHz | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.1 | |||||||||
| Core i3 | 7100H | 2 (4) | 3.0 GHz | — | 950 MHz | 3 MB | 35 W | — | $225 | ||||
Low/medium power
| Processorbranding | Model | Cores(threads) | CPUclockrate | Turbo clock | GPU | Max GPUclock rate | L3cache | L4cache | Max.PCIelanes | TDP | cTDP | Releasedate | Price(USD) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singlecore | Dualcore | Up | Down | ||||||||||||
| Core i7 | 7Y75 | 2 (4) | 1.3 GHz | 3.6 GHz | 3.4 GHz | HD 615 | 1050 MHz | 4 MB | — | 10 | 4.5 W | 7 W | 3.5 W | Q3 2016 | $393 |
| 7500U | 2.7 GHz | 3.5 GHz | 3.5 GHz | HD 620 | 12 | 15 W | 25 W | 7.5 W | |||||||
| 7560U | 2.4 GHz | 3.8 GHz | 3.7 GHz | Iris Plus 640 | 64 MB | — | 9.5 W | Q1 2017 | $415 | ||||||
| 7660U | 2.5 GHz | 4.0 GHz | 3.8 GHz | 1100 MHz | |||||||||||
| 7567U | 3.5 GHz | 4.0 GHz | 3.9 GHz | Iris Plus 650 | 1150 MHz | 28 W | 23 W | ? | |||||||
| 7600U | 2.8 GHz | 3.9 GHz | 3.9 GHz | HD 620 | — | 15 W | 25 W | 7.5 W | $393 | ||||||
| Core i5 | 7200U | 2 (4) | 2.5 GHz | 3.1 GHz | 3.1 GHz | HD 620 | 1000 MHz | 3 MB | — | 12 | 15 W | 25 W | 7.5 W | Q3 2016 | $281 |
| 7Y54 | 1.2 GHz | 3.2 GHz | 2.8 GHz | HD 615 | 950 MHz | 4 MB | 10 | 4.5 W | 7 W | 3.5 W | |||||
| 7Y57 | 1.2 GHz | 3.3 GHz | 2.9 GHz | 15 W | Q1 2017 | ||||||||||
| 7260U | 2.2 GHz | 3.4 GHz | 3.4 GHz | Iris Plus 640 | 64 MB | 12 | — | 9.5 W | $304 | ||||||
| 7267U | 3.1 GHz | 3.5 GHz | 3.5 GHz | Iris Plus 650 | 1050 MHz | 28 W | 23 W | ? | |||||||
| 7287U | 3.3 GHz | 3.7 GHz | 3.7 GHz | 1100 MHz | |||||||||||
| 7300U | 2.6 GHz | 3.5 GHz | 3.5 GHz | HD 620 | 3 MB | — | 15 W | 25 W | 7.5 W | $281 | |||||
| 7360U | 2.3 GHz | 3.6 GHz | 3.6 GHz | Iris Plus 640 | 1000 MHz | 4 MB | 64 MB | — | 9.5 W | ? | |||||
| Core i3 | 7100U | 2 (4) | 2.4 GHz | — | HD 620 | 1000 MHz | 3 MB | — | 12 | 15 W | — | 7.5 W | Q3 2016 | $281 | |
| 7167U | 2.8 GHz | Iris Plus 650 | 64 MB | 28 W | 23 W | Q1 2017 | ? | ||||||||
| 7130U | 2.7 GHz | HD 620 | — | 15 W | 7.5 W | Q2 2017 | $281 | ||||||||
| 7020U | 2.3 GHz | Q2 2018 | |||||||||||||
| Core m3 | 7Y32 | 2 (4) | 1.1 GHz | 3.0 GHz | ? | HD 615 | 900 MHz | 4 MB | — | 10 | 4.5 W | 7 W | 3.75 W | Q2 2017 | $281 |
| 7Y30 | 1.0 GHz | 2.6 GHz | 3.5 W | Q3 2016 | |||||||||||
| Pentium Gold | 4410Y | 2 (4) | 1.5 GHz | — | HD 615 | 850 MHz | 2 MB | — | 10 | 6 W | — | 4.5 W | Q1 2017 | $161 | |
| 4415Y | 1.6 GHz | ||||||||||||||
| 4415U | 2.3 GHz | HD 610 | 950 MHz | 15 W | 10 W | ||||||||||
| Celeron | 3965U | 2 (2) | 2.2 GHz | — | HD 610 | 900 MHz | 2 MB | — | 10 | 15 W | — | 10 W | Q1 2017 | $107 | |
| 3865U | 1.8 GHz | ||||||||||||||
| 3965Y | 1.5 GHz | HD 615 | 850 MHz | 6 W | 4.5 W | Q2 2017 | |||||||||
Server/workstation Xeon processors
| Target segment | Cores(threads) | Model | CPUclockrate | Turbo clock GHz Num of cores | GPU | Max GPU clock rate | L3cache | TDP | Releasedate | Price(USD) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||
| Server | 4 (8) | E3-1285 v6 | 4.1 GHz | 4.5 | ? | HD P630 | 1150 MHz | 8 MB | 79 W | Q3 2017 | $450 | |
| E3-1280 v6 | 3.9 GHz | 4.2 | — | 72 W | Q1 2017 | $612↘383 | ||||||
| E3-1275 v6 | 3.8 GHz | HD P630 | 1150 MHz | 73 W | $339 | |||||||
| E3-1270 v6 | — | 72 W | $328 | |||||||||
| E3-1245 v6 | 3.7 GHz | 4.1 | HD P630 | 1150 MHz | 73 W | $284 | ||||||
| E3-1240 v6 | — | 72 W | $272 | |||||||||
| E3-1230 v6 | 3.5 GHz | 3.9 | $250 | |||||||||
| 4 (4) | E3-1225 v6 | 3.3 GHz | 3.7 | HD P630 | 1150 MHz | 73 W | $213 | |||||
| E3-1220 v6 | 3.0 GHz | 3.5 | — | 72 W | $193 | |||||||
| Mobile | 4 (8) | E3-1535M v6 | 3.1 GHz | 4.2 | HD P630 | 1100 MHz | 45 W | $623 | ||||
| E3-1505M v6 | 3.0 GHz | 4.0 | $434 | |||||||||
| Embedded | E3-1505L v6 | 2.2 GHz | 3.0 | 1000 MHz | 25 W | $433 | ||||||
List of 8th generation Kaby Lake R processors
Mobile processors
Low/medium power
In late 2016, it was reported that Intel had been working on a processor family codenamed “Kaby Lake R” ("R" for "Refresh").44 On August 21, 2017, the eighth generation mobile CPUs were announced.45 The first products released were four "Kaby Lake R" processors with a 15W TDP.46 This marketing is distinct from previous generational changes of the Core product line, where a new generation coincided with a new microarchitecture.47 Intel has stated that the 8th generation would be based on multiple microarchitectures, including Kaby Lake R, Coffee Lake, and Cannon Lake.48
| Processorbranding | Model | Cores(threads) | CPUclockrate | Turbo clock GHz Num of cores | GPU | Max GPU clock rate | L3cache | TDP | cTDP | Release date | Price(USD) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 4 | Up | Down | ||||||||||
| Core i7 | 8650U | 4 (8) | 1.9 GHz | 4.2 | 4.2 | 3.9 | UHD 620 | 1150 MHz | 8 MB | 15 W | 25 W | 10 W | Q3 2017 | $409 |
| 8550U | 1.8 GHz | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.7 | ||||||||||
| Core i5 | 8350U | 1.7 GHz | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 1100 MHz | 6 MB | $297 | ||||||
| 8250U | 1.6 GHz | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | ||||||||||
| Core i3 | 8130U | 2 (4) | 2.2 GHz | 3.4 | 3.4 | — | 1000 MHz | 4 MB | 15 W | — | 10 W | Q1 2018 | $281 | |
| Pentium Gold | 4417U | 2.3 GHz | — | HD 610 | 950 MHz | 2 MB | 15 W | 12.5 W | Q1 2019 | $161 | ||||
| Celeron | 3867U | 1.8 GHz | 900 MHz | |||||||||||
List of 8th generation Kaby Lake G processors
Mobile processors
High power
Maximum number of PCIe lanes: 8. One-package processors with AMD Radeon discrete graphics chip - it is connected with main CPU core using an on-package PCI Express link. The Radeon GPU connects to its on-package HBM memory through an embedded multi-die interconnect bridge (EMIB).49 Release date: Q1 2018.
| Processorbranding | Model | Cores(threads) | CPUclockrate | Turbo clock GHz Num of cores | GPU | Max GPU clock rate | Discrete GPU | L3cache | TDP | Price(USD) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||
| Core i7 | 8809G | 4 (8) | 3.1 GHz | 4.2 | Unknown | HD 630 | 1100 MHz | Radeon RX Vega M GH | 8 MB | 100 W | ? | |
| 8709G | 4.1 | ? | ||||||||||
| 8706G | Radeon RX Vega M GL | 65 W | ? | |||||||||
| 8705G | $52350 | |||||||||||
| Core i5 | 8305G | 2.8 GHz | 3.8 | 6 MB | ? | |||||||
Discrete GPU specifications
| Discrete GPU | Units | Clock rate | Memory | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Computing | Shading | Base | Max. | Size | Bandwidth | Bus type | Bus width | |
| Radeon RX Vega M GH | 24 | 1536 | 1063 MHz | 1190 MHz | 4 GB | 204.8 GB/s | HBM2 | 1024 bit |
| Radeon RX Vega M GL | 20 | 1280 | 931 MHz | 1011 MHz | 179.2 GB/s | |||
List of 8th generation Amber Lake Y processors
On August 28, 2018, Intel announced a refreshed lineup of ultra low power mobile Kaby Lake CPUs under the moniker Amber Lake.51
Mobile processors
Low power
| Processor branding | Model | Cores (threads) | CPU clock rate | GPU | Max GPU clock rate | L3 cache | TDP | cTDP | Release date | Price | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Base | Max turbo | Up | Down | |||||||||
| Core i7 | 8500Y | 2 (4) | 1.5 GHz | 4.2 GHz | UHD 615 | 1050 MHz | 4 MB | 5 W | 7 W | 3.5 W | Q1 2019 | $393 |
| Core i5 | 8310Y | 1.6 GHz | 3.9 GHz | UHD 617 | 7 W | — | $281 | |||||
| 8210Y | 3.6 GHz | |||||||||||
| 8200Y | 1.3 GHz | 3.9 GHz | UHD 615 | 950 MHz | 5 W | 7 W | 3.5 W | Q3 2018 | $291 | |||
| Core m3 | 8100Y | 1.1 GHz | 3.4 GHz | 900 MHz | 8 W | 4.5 W | $281 | |||||
| Pentium Gold | 4425Y | 1.7 GHz | — | 850 MHz | 2 MB | 6 W | — | 4.5 W | Q1 2019 | $161 | ||
List of 10th generation Amber Lake Y processors
On August 21, 2019, Intel announced52 their 10th generation Amber Lake53 ultra low power CPUs.
Mobile processors
| Processor branding | Model | Cores (threads) | CPU clock rate | GPU | Max GPU clock rate | L3 cache | TDP | cTDP | Price | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Base | Max turbo | Up | Down | ||||||||
| Core i7 | 10510Y | 4 (8) | 1.2 GHz | 4.5 GHz | UHD | 1150 MHz | 8 MB | 7 W | 9 W | 4.5 W | $403 |
| Core i5 | 10310Y | 1.1 GHz | 4.1 GHz | 1050 MHz | 6 MB | 5.5 W | $292 | ||||
| 10210Y | 1.0 GHz | 4.0 GHz | |||||||||
| Core i3 | 10110Y | 2 (4) | 1000 MHz | 4 MB | $287 | ||||||
| 10100Y | 1.3 GHz | 3.9 GHz | 5 W | 7 W | 3.5 W | ||||||
| Pentium Gold | 6500Y | 1.1 GHz | 3.4 GHz | 900 MHz | |||||||
See also
- List of Intel CPU microarchitectures
- List of Intel codenames
- Xeon - enterprise workstation x86 microprocessors
Notes
References
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