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Java version history
List of versions of the Java programming language

The Java language has evolved significantly since JDK 1.0, with the Java Community Process (JCP) guiding its development through Java Specification Requests. The language's formal details are defined in the Java Language Specification, managed by JSR 901. Since 2017, Java follows a biannual release schedule. The Java Class Library has expanded from hundreds to thousands of classes, introducing new APIs like Swing and Java2D. Oracle supports latest versions with long-term support for selected releases, while OpenJDK offers free, community-driven updates. Notably, Java 23 and 24 were released in September 2024 and March 2025 respectively.

Release table

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Java version overview
VersionTypeClass file format version9Release dateEnd of public updates (free)End of extended support (paid)
Unsupported: JDK 1.0451023 January 1996May 1996—
Unsupported: JDK 1.14518 February 1997October 2002—
Unsupported: J2SE 1.2464 December 1998November 2003—
Unsupported: J2SE 1.3478 May 2000March 2006—
Unsupported: J2SE 1.44813 February 2002October 2008—
Unsupported: J2SE 5.0 (1.5)4930 September 2004October 2009—
Unsupported: Java SE 6 (1.6)5011 December 2006April 2013 for OracleDecember 2018 for Azul11December 2016 for Red Hat12October 2018 for Oracle13December 2027 for Azul14March 2028 for BellSoft Liberica15
Unsupported: Java SE 7 (1.7)5128 July 2011July 2015 for OracleJuly 2022 for Azul16September 2022 for IBM Java SDK17June 2020 for Red Hat18July 2022 for Oracle19December 2027 for Azul20March 2028 for BellSoft Liberica21
Supported: Java SE 8 (1.8)Supported: LTS5218 March 2014April 2019 for OracleNovember 2026 for Eclipse Temurin22November 2026 for Red Hat23November 2026 for Azul24December 2030 for Amazon Corretto25April 2025 for IBM Java SDK26November 2026 for IBM Semeru Runtimes27December 2030 for Oracle28December 2030 for Azul29March 2031 for BellSoft Liberica30
Unsupported: Java SE 9 (1.9)5321 September 2017March 2018—
Unsupported: Java SE 10 (1.10)5420 March 2018September 2018—
Supported: Java SE 11Supported: LTS5525 September 2018April 2019 for OracleSeptember 2027 for Microsoft Build of OpenJDK31October 2024 for Red Hat32October 2027 for Eclipse Temurin33October 2027 for Azul34January 2032 for Amazon Corretto35January 2032 for Azul36October 2027 for IBM Semeru Runtimes37January 2032 for Azul38March 2032 for BellSoft Liberica39October 2027 for Red Hat40January 2032 for Oracle41
Unsupported: Java SE 125619 March 2019September 2019—
Unsupported: Java SE 135717 September 2019March 2020—
Unsupported: Java SE 145817 March 2020September 2020—
Unsupported: Java SE 155916 September 2020March 2021—
Unsupported: Java SE 166016 March 2021September 2021—
Supported: Java SE 17Supported: LTS6114 September 2021September 2024 for Oracle42September 2027 for Microsoft Build of OpenJDK43October 2027 for Eclipse Temurin44October 2027 for Red Hat45October 2029 for Amazon Corretto46September 2029 for Azul47October 2027 for IBM Semeru Runtimes48September 2029 for Oracle49March 2030 for BellSoft Liberica50
Unsupported: Java SE 186222 March 2022September 2022—
Unsupported: Java SE 196320 September 2022March 2023—
Unsupported: Java SE 206421 March 2023September 2023—
Supported: Java SE 21Supported: LTS6519 September 2023September 2028 for Oracle51September 2028 for Microsoft Build of OpenJDK52December 2029 for Red Hat53December 2029 for Eclipse Temurin54October 2030 for Amazon Corretto55September 2031 for Azul56December 2029 for IBM Semeru Runtimes57September 2031 for Oracle58March 2032 for BellSoft Liberica59
Unsupported: Java SE 226619 March 2024September 2024—
Unsupported: Java SE 236717 September 2024March 2025 for OracleMarch 2025 for Azul60March 2025 for IBM Semeru Runtimes61—
Latest version: Java SE 246818 March 2025September 2025—
Future version: Java SE 25Future version: LTS69September 2025September 2030 for Oracle62September 2033 for Oracle63March 2034 for BellSoft Liberica64
Legend:UnsupportedSupportedLatest versionPreview versionFuture version

JDK 1.0

The first version was released on January 23, 1996.6566 The first stable version, JDK 1.0.2, is called Java 1.67

JDK 1.1

Major additions in the release on February 19, 1997 included:68

J2SE 1.2

The release on December 8, 1998 and subsequent releases through J2SE 5.0 were rebranded retrospectively Java 2 and the version name "J2SE" (Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition) replaced JDK to distinguish the base platform from J2EE (Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition) and J2ME (Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition). This was a very significant release of Java as it tripled the size of the Java platform to 1520 classes in 59 packages. Major additions included:70

J2SE 1.3

The most notable changes in the May 8, 2000 release were:7172

Java 1.3 is the last release of Java to officially support Microsoft Windows 95.73

J2SE 1.4

The February 6, 2002 release was the first release of the Java platform developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 59. Major changes included:7475

Public support and security updates for Java 1.4 ended in October 2008. Paid security updates for Oracle customers ended in February 2013.76

Java SE 5

The release on September 30, 2004 was originally numbered 1.5, which is still used as the internal version number. The number was changed to "better reflect the level of maturity, stability, scalability and security of the J2SE".77 This version was developed under JSR 176.

Java SE 5 entered its end-of-public-updates period on April 8, 2008; updates are no longer available to the public as of November 3, 2009. Updates were available to paid Oracle customers until May 2015.78

Tiger added a number of significant new language features:7980

  • Generics: provides compile-time (static) type safety for collections and eliminates the need for most typecasts (type conversion) (specified by JSR 14)
  • Metadata: also called annotations; allows language constructs such as classes and methods to be tagged with additional data, which can then be processed by metadata-aware utilities (specified by JSR 175)
  • Autoboxing/unboxing: automatic conversions between primitive types (such as int) and primitive wrapper classes (such as Integer) (specified by JSR 201)
  • Enumerations: the enum keyword creates a typesafe, ordered list of values (such as Day.MONDAY, Day.TUESDAY, etc.); previously this could only be achieved by non-typesafe constant integers or manually constructed classes (typesafe enum pattern) (specified by JSR 201)
  • Varargs: the last parameter of a method can now be declared using a type name followed by three dots (e.g. void drawtext(String... lines)); in the calling code any number of parameters of that type can be used and they are then placed in an array to be passed to the method, or alternatively the calling code can pass an array of that type
  • Enhanced for each loop: the for loop syntax is extended with special syntax for iterating over each member of either an array or any Iterable, such as the standard Collection classes (specified by JSR 201)
  • Improved semantics of execution for multi-threaded Java programs; the new Java memory model addresses issues of complexity, effectiveness, and performance of previous specifications81
  • Static imports

There were also the following improvements to the standard libraries:

Java 5 is the last release of Java to officially support Microsoft Windows 98 and Windows ME,83 while Windows Vista was the newest version of Windows that Java SE 5 was supported on prior to Java 5 going end-of-life in October 2009.84

Java 5 Update 5 (1.5.0_05) is the last release of Java to work on Windows 95 (with Internet Explorer 5.5 installed) and Windows NT 4.0.85

Java 5 was first available on Apple Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger)86 and was the default version of Java installed on Apple Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard).

Public support and security updates for Java 1.5 ended in November 2009. Paid security updates for Oracle customers ended in April 2015.

Versioning change

This version introduced a new versioning system for the Java language, although the old versioning system continued to be used for developer libraries:

Both version numbers "1.5.0" and "5.0" are used to identify this release of the Java 2 Platform Standard Edition. Version "5.0" is the product version, while "1.5.0" is the developer version. The number "5.0" is used to better reflect the level of maturity, stability, scalability and security of the J2SE.

— "Version 1.5.0 or 5.0?", Java release notes87

This correspondence continued through later releases (Java 6 = JDK 1.6, Java 7 = JDK 1.7, and so on).

Java SE 6

As of the version released on December 11, 2006, Sun replaced the name "J2SE" with Java SE and dropped the ".0" from the version number.88 Internal numbering for developers remains 1.6.0.89

This version was developed under JSR 270.

During the development phase, new builds including enhancements and bug fixes were released approximately weekly. Beta versions were released in February and June 2006, leading up to a final release that occurred on December 11, 2006.

Major changes included in this version:9091

  • Support for older Win9x versions dropped; unofficially, Java 6 Update 7 was the last release of Java shown to work on these versions of Windows. This is believed[by whom?] to be due to the major changes in Update 10.
  • Scripting Language Support (JSR 223): Generic API for tight integration with scripting languages, and built-in Mozilla JavaScript Rhino integration.
  • Dramatic performance improvements for the core platform,9293 and Swing.
  • Improved Web Service support through JAX-WS (JSR 224).
  • JDBC 4.0 support (JSR 221).
  • Java Compiler API (JSR 199): an API allowing a Java program to select and invoke a Java Compiler programmatically.
  • Upgrade of JAXB to version 2.0: Including integration of a StAX parser.
  • Support for pluggable annotations (JSR 269).94
  • Many GUI improvements, such as integration of SwingWorker in the API, table sorting and filtering, and true Swing double-buffering (eliminating the gray-area effect).
  • JVM improvements include: synchronization and compiler performance optimizations, new algorithms and upgrades to existing garbage collection algorithms, and application start-up performance.

Java 6 can be installed to Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard) running on 64-bit (Core 2 Duo and higher) processor machines.95 Java 6 is also supported by both 32-bit and 64-bit machines running Mac OS X 10.6 (Snow Leopard).

Java 6 reached the end of its supported life in February 2013, at which time all public updates, including security updates, were scheduled to be stopped.9697 Oracle released two more updates to Java 6 in March and April 2013, which patched some security vulnerabilities.9899

Java 6 updates

After Java 6 release, Sun, and later Oracle, released several updates which, while not changing any public API, enhanced end-user usability or fixed bugs.100

Table of Java 6 updates
ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 62006-12-23This release adds many enhancements in the fields of Web services, scripting, databases, pluggable annotations, and security, as well as quality, compatibility, and stability. JConsole is now officially supported. Java DB support has been added.
Java SE 6 Update 12007-05-07
Java SE 6 Update 22007-07-03
Java SE 6 Update 32007-10-03
Java SE 6 Update 42008-01-14HotSpot VM 10
Java SE 6 Update 52008-03-05Several security flaws were eliminated. New root certificates from AOL, DigiCert, and TrustCenter are now included.
Java SE 6 Update 62008-04-16A workaround for the infamous Xlib/XCB locking assertion issue was introduced. A memory leak when using Kerberos authentication with LoginContext was fixed. Several other bugs were fixed.
Java SE 6 Update 7Unofficially, Java SE 6 Update 7 (1.6.0.7) is the last version of Java that was shown to be working on the Win9x family of operating systems
Java SE 6 Update 102008-10-15HotSpot VM 11. Major changes for this update include:
  • Java Deployment Toolkit, a set of JavaScript functions to ease the deployment of applets and Java Web Start applications.101
  • Java Kernel, a small installer including only the most commonly used JRE classes. Other packages are downloaded when needed.
  • Enhanced updater.
  • Enhanced versioning and pack200 support: server-side support is no longer required.102
  • Java Quick Starter, to improve cold start-up time.
  • Improved performance of Java2D graphics primitives on Windows, using Direct3D and hardware acceleration.
  • A new Swing look and feel called Nimbus and based on synth.103
  • Next-Generation Java Plug-In: applets now run in a separate process and support many features of Web Start applications.104
Java SE 6 Update 11105 2008-12-0313 security fixes
Java SE 6 Update 122008-12-12No security fixes; 64-bit Java plug-in (for 64-bit web browsers only); Windows Server 2008 support; performance improvements of graphics and JavaFX applications
Java SE 6 Update 132009-03-247 security fixes, JNDI store and retrieve Java objects in LDAP slightly modified, JMX Change (createMBeanunregisterMBean), 4 new root certificates added
Java SE 6 Update 142009-05-28HotSpot VM 14. This release includes extensive performance updates to the JIT compiler, compressed pointers for 64-bit machines, as well as experimental support for the Garbage-First (G1) a low-pause Garbage Collector.106107

The -XX:+DoEscapeAnalysis option directs the HotSpot JIT compiler to use escape analysis to determine whether local objects can be allocated on the stack instead of the heap.

Some developers have noticed an issue introduced in this release which causes debuggers to miss breakpoints seemingly randomly.108 Sun has a corresponding bug, which is tracking the issue. The workaround applies to the Client and Server VMs.109 Using the -XX:+UseParallelGC option will prevent the failure. Another workaround is to roll back to update 13, or to upgrade to update 16.

Java SE 6 Update 152009-08-04Introduced patch-in-place functionality
Java SE 6 Update 162009-08-11Fixed the issue introduced in update 14 which caused debuggers to miss breakpoints
Java SE 6 Update 172009-11-04Security fixes; two new root certificates
Java SE 6 Update 182010-01-13No security fixes; Hotspot VM 16; support for Ubuntu 8.04 LTS Desktop Edition, SLES 11, Windows 7, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.3, Firefox 3.6, VisualVM 1.2; updated Java DB; many performance improvements
Java SE 6 Update 192010-03-30Security fixes; root certificate changes: seven new, three removed, five replaced with stronger signature algorithms; interim fix for TLS renegotiation attack
Java SE 6 Update 202010-04-152 security fixes
Java SE 6 Update 212010-07-07No security fixes; Hotspot VM 17; support for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.4 and 5.5, Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.8, 5.4, 5.5; Google Chrome 4 support; support for Customized Loading Progress Indicators; VisualVM 1.2.2
Java SE 6 Update 222010-10-1229 security fixes; RFC 5746 support
Java SE 6 Update 232010-12-08No security fixes; Hotspot VM 19; better support for right-to-left languages
Java SE 6 Update 242011-02-1521 security fixes; updated Java DB
Java SE 6 Update 252011-03-21No security fixes; Hotspot VM 20; support for Internet Explorer 9, Firefox 4 and Chrome 10; improved BigDecimal; includes "tiered" compilation in the Server VM that enables it to start quickly as does the Client VM, while achieving better peak performance (this feature is enabled by specifying -server and -XX:+TieredCompilation command options)
Java SE 6 Update 262011-06-0717 new security fixes;110 last version compatible with Windows Vista SP1
Java SE 6 Update 272011-08-16No security fixes; certification for Firefox 5
Java SE 6 Update 292011-10-1820 security fixes, various bug fixes111
Java SE 6 Update 302011-12-12No security fixes; fix for SSL regression in Update 29; support for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
Java SE 6 Update 312012-02-1414 security fixes and one bug fix; last version work reliably for Windows 2000112
Java SE 6 Update 322012-04-26No security fixes, various bug fixes
Java SE 6 Update 332012-06-1214 security fixes, improved VM configuration file loading
Java SE 6 Update 342012-08-14No security fixes, various bug fixes
Java SE 6 Update 352012-08-30Contains a security-in-depth fix113
Java SE 6 Update 372012-10-1630 security fixes
Java SE 6 Update 382012-12-11Various bug fixes
Java SE 6 Update 392013-02-0150 security fixes
Java SE 6 Update 412013-02-195 security fixes
Java SE 6 Update 432013-03-042 security fixes
Java SE 6 Update 452013-04-1642 security fixes;114 other changes; final public update.115
Java SE 6 Update 512013-06-18Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Apple Update for OS X Snow Leopard, Lion & Mountain Lion; up to 40 security fixes116
Java SE 6 Update 652013-10-15Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Apple Update for OS X Snow Leopard, Lion & Mountain Lion; at least 11 critical security fixes117
Java SE 6 Update 712014-01-14Not available for public download; 33 fixes
Java SE 6 Update 752014-04-15Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster no. #54; 25 security fixes118
Java SE 6 Update 812014-07-15Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 11 security fixes119
Java SE 6 Update 852014-10-16Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 18 security fixes120
Java SE 6 Update 912015-01-21Linux x64 and Windows i586 versions are available as the Java SE 6 Reference Implementation.121 Other versions are only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 15 security fixes122
Java SE 6 Update 952015-04-14Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 14 security fixes123
Java SE 6 Update 1012015-07-15Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 18 security fixes124 Certification for IE 10 and 11 was introduced in 1.6.0_101
Java SE 6 Update 1052015-10-20Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 17 security fixes125
Java SE 6 Update 1112016-01-20Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 13 security fixes126
Java SE 6 Update 1132016-02-05Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 1 security fix127
Java SE 6 Update 1152016-04-21Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 8 security fixes128
Java SE 6 Update 1212016-07-19Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 15 security fixes129
Java SE 6 Update 1312016-10-18Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 13 security fixes130
Java SE 6 Update 1412017-01-17Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 17 security fixes131
Java SE 6 Update 1512017-04-18Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 10 security fixes132
Java SE 6 Update 1612017-07-18Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 5 security fixes133
Java SE 6 Update 1712017-10-20Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 7 security fixes134
Java SE 6 Update 1812018-01-16Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 12 security fixes135
Java SE 6 Update 1912018-04-17Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 7 security fixes136
Java SE 6 Update 2012018-07-17Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 3 security fixes137
Java SE 6 Update 2112018-10-18Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 8 security fixes138

Java SE 7

Java 7 was a major update that launched on July 7, 2011139 and was made available for developers on July 28, 2011.140 The development period was organized into thirteen milestones; on June 6, 2011, the last of the thirteen milestones was finished.141142 On average, 8 builds (which generally included enhancements and bug fixes) were released per milestone. The feature list at the OpenJDK 7 project lists many of the changes.

Additions in Java 7 include:143

  • Strings in switch148
  • Automatic resource management in try-statement aka try-with-resources statement149
  • Improved type inference for generic instance creation, aka the diamond operator <>150
  • Simplified varargs method declaration151
  • Binary integer literals152
  • Allowing underscores in numeric literals153
  • Catching multiple exception types and rethrowing exceptions with improved type checking154
  • Concurrency utilities under JSR 166155
  • New file I/O library (defined by JSR 203) adding support for multiple file systems, file metadata and symbolic links. The new packages are java.nio.file, java.nio.file.attribute and java.nio.file.spi156157
  • Timsort is used to sort collections and arrays of objects instead of merge sort
  • Library-level support for elliptic curve cryptography algorithms
  • An XRender pipeline for Java 2D, which improves handling of features specific to modern GPUs
  • New platform APIs for the graphics features originally implemented in version 6u10 as unsupported APIs158
  • Enhanced library-level support for new network protocols, including SCTP and Sockets Direct Protocol
  • Upstream updates to XML and Unicode
  • Java deployment rule sets159

Lambda (Java's implementation of lambda functions), Jigsaw (Java's implementation of modules), and part of Coin were dropped from Java 7, and released as part of Java 8 (except for Jigsaw, which was released in Java 9).160161

Java 7 was the default version to download on java.com from April 2012 until Java 8 was released.162

Java 7 updates

Oracle issued public updates to the Java 7 family on a quarterly basis163 until April 2015 when the product reached the end of its public availability.164 Further updates for JDK 7, which continued until July 2022, are only made available to customers with a support contract.165

Table of Java 7 updates
ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 71662011-07-28Initial release; HotSpot VM 21
Java SE 7 Update 12011-10-1820 security fixes, other bug fixes
Java SE 7 Update 22011-12-12No security fixes; HotSpot VM 22; reliability and performance improvements; support for Solaris 11 and Firefox 5 and later; JavaFX included with Java SE JDK, improvements for web-deployed applications
Java SE 7 Update 32012-02-1414 security fixes167
Java SE 7 Update 42012-04-26No security updates; HotSpot VM 23; JDK Support for Mac OS X; New Supported Garbage Collector: Garbage-First (G1)
Java SE 7 Update 52012-06-1214 security fixes168
Java SE 7 Update 62012-08-14JavaFX and Java Access Bridge included in Java SE JDK and JRE installation, JavaFX support for touch-enabled monitors and touch pads, JavaFX support for Linux, JDK and JRE Support for Mac OS X, JDK for Linux on ARM169
Java SE 7 Update 72012-08-304 security fixes170
Java SE 7 Update 92012-10-1630 security vulnerabilities fixes171
Java SE 7 Update 102012-12-11New security features, such as the ability to disable any Java application from running in the browser and new dialogs to warn you when the JRE is insecure, and bug fixes
Java SE 7 Update 112013-01-13Olson Data 2012i; bugfix for problems with registration of plugin on systems with Stand-alone version of JavaFX Installed, security fixes for CVE-2013-0422;172 the default security level for Java applets and web start applications has been increased from "Medium" to "High"
Java SE 7 Update 13173 2013-02-0150 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 152013-02-195 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 172013-03-042 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 212013-04-16Multiple changes including 42 security fixes, a new Server JRE that does not include the plug-in, and the JDK for Linux on ARM
Java SE 7 Update 252013-06-18Multiple changes including 40 security fixes174175
Java SE 7 Update 402013-09-10621 bug fixes,176 New security features, hardfloat ARM, Java Mission Control 5.2 and Retina Display support177
Java SE 7 Update 452013-10-1551 security fixes;178 protections against unauthorized redistribution of Java applications; restore security prompts; JAXP changes; TimeZone.setDefault change
Java SE 7 Update 512014-01-1436 security fixes; block JAVA applets without manifest (like Remote console—Java Applet—IBM IMM card, HP iLO card) even if warning dialog is with sentence "will be blocked in next version",179180 17 bug fixes
Java SE 7 Update 552014-04-1537 security fixes,181 19 bug fixes182
Java SE 7 Update 602014-05-28Java Mission Control 5.3,183 130 bug fixes184
Java SE 7 Update 652014-07-1518 bug fixes
Java SE 7 Update 672014-08-041 bug fix
Java SE 7 Update 712014-10-1416 bug fixes
Java SE 7 Update 722014-10-14Same release date with Update 71 as a corresponding Patch Set Update (PSU) for Java SE 7,185 36 bug fixes
Java SE 7 Update 752015-01-2012 bug fixes, SSLv3 disabled by default
Java SE 7 Update 762015-01-20Same release date with Update 75 as a corresponding Patch Set Update (PSU) for Java SE 7,186 97 bug fixes
Java SE 7 Update 792015-04-1421 security fixes, 6 bug fixes,
Java SE 7 Update 802015-04-14Last public release of Java 7; same release date with Update 79 as a corresponding Patch Set Update (PSU) for Java SE 7, 104 bug fixes
Java SE 7 Update 852015-07-15Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 25 security fixes187
Java SE 7 Update 912015-10-20Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 20 security fixes188
Java SE 7 Update 952016-01-19Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 8 security fixes189
Java SE 7 Update 972016-02-05Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 1 security fix190
Java SE 7 Update 992016-03-23Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 1 security fix191
Java SE 7 Update 1012016-04-18Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 22 security fixes192
Java SE 7 Update 1112016-07-19Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 36 security fixes193
Java SE 7 Update 1212016-10-18Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 32 security fixes194
Java SE 7 Update 1312017-01-17Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 34 security fixes195
Java SE 7 Update 1412017-04-18Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 8 security fixes196
Java SE 7 Update 1512017-07-18Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 4 security fixes197
Java SE 7 Update 1612017-10-20Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 4 security fixes198
Java SE 7 Update 1712018-01-16Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 51 security fixes199
Java SE 7 Update 1812018-04-17Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 12 security fixes200
Java SE 7 Update 1912018-07-17Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 9 security fixes201
Java SE 7 Update 2012018-10-18Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 13 security fixes202
Java SE 7 Update 2112019-01-15Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 5 security fixes203
Java SE 7 Update 2212019-04-16Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 5 security fixes204
Java SE 7 Update 2312019-07-16Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 6 security fixes205
Java SE 7 Update 2412019-10-15Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 15 security fixes206
Java SE 7 Update 2512020-01-14Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 12 security fixes207
Java SE 7 Update 2612020-04-14Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 15 security fixes208
Java SE 7 Update 2712020-07-14Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 11 security fixes209
Java SE 7 Update 2812020-10-20Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 8 security fixes210
Java SE 7 Update 2912021-01-19Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 1 security fixes211
Java SE 7 Update 3012021-04-12Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 11 security fixes212
Java SE 7 Update 3112021-07-20Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 24 bug fixes213
Java SE 7 Update 3212021-10-19Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 16 bug fixes214
Java SE 7 Update 3312022-01-18Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 18 bug fixes215

Java SE 8 (LTS)

Java 8 was released on 18 March 2014,216217 and included some features that were planned for Java 7 but later deferred.218

Work on features was organized in terms of JDK Enhancement Proposals (JEPs).219

Java 8 is not supported on Windows XP229 but as of JDK 8 update 25, it can still be installed and run under Windows XP.230 Previous updates of JDK 8 could be run under XP by downloading archived zip format file and unzipping it for the executable. The last version of Java 8 could run on XP is update 251.

From October 2014, Java 8 was the default version to download (and then again the download replacing Java 9) from the official website.231 "Oracle will continue to provide Public Updates and auto updates of Java SE 8, Indefinitely for Personal Users".232

Java 8 updates

Table of Java 8 updates
ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 82014-03-18Initial release
Java SE 8 Update 52332014-04-15Using "*" in Caller-Allowable-Codebase attribute; 11 bug fixes
Java SE 8 Update 112342014-07-15Java Dependency Analysis Tool (jdeps); Java Control Panel option to disable sponsors; JAR file attribute – Entry-Point; JAXP processing limit property – maxElementDepth; 18 security bug fixes,235 15 bug fixes
Java SE 8 Update 202362014-08-19669 bug fixes,237 JMC 5.4, String deduplication (disabled by default)
Java SE 8 Update 252382014-10-1410 bug fixes
Java SE 8 Update 312392015-01-1926 bug fixes; SSLv3 (disabled by default)
Java SE 8 Update 402402015-03-03645 bug fixes,241 Added the notion of "memory pressure" to help indicate how much of system's memory is still available (low pressure = high memory, high pressure = low memory)
Java SE 8 Update 452422015-04-1413 bug fixes
Java SE 8 Update 512432015-07-14Added support for native sandbox on Windows platforms (disabled by default); also, 25 security fixes, 14 bug fixes
Java SE 8 Update 602442015-08-18480 bug fixes245
Java SE 8 Update 652462015-10-2025 security fixes, 3 bug fixes
Java SE 8 Update 662472015-11-1615 bug fixes
Java SE 8 Update 712482016-01-198 security fixes, 5 bug fixes249
Java SE 8 Update 722502016-01-198 security fixes, 5 bug fixes, several enhancements
Java SE 8 Update 732512016-02-031 security fix
Java SE 8 Update 742522016-02-031 security fix
Java SE 8 Update 772532016-03-231 security fix
Java SE 8 Update 912542016-04-199 security fixes, 4 bug fixes and enhancements
Java SE 8 Update 922552016-04-19Security and bug fixes from 8u91, plus 76 additional bug fixes; the ExitOnOutOfMemoryError and CrashOnOutOfMemoryError flags have been introduced
Java SE 8 Update 1012562016-07-19Security and bug fixes from 8u92, plus 9 additional bug fixes
Java SE 8 Update 1022572016-07-19Security and bug fixes from 8u101, plus 118 additional bug fixes
Java SE 8 Update 1112582016-10-187 Security fixes and 9 bug fixes
Java SE 8 Update 1122592016-10-18Additional features and 139 bug fixes over 8u111
Java SE 8 Update 1212602017-01-173 additional features, 5 changes, and 11 bug fixes over 8u112.
Java SE 8 Update 1312612017-04-184 changes and 42 bug fixes (2 notable).
Java SE 8 Update 1412622017-07-18Additional feature, 3 changes and 12 bug fixes.
Java SE 8 Update 1442632017-07-2632 Security fixes and bug fixes from 8u141.
Java SE 8 Update 1512642017-10-1722 Security fixes, 2 notes, 1 certificate revocation, 1 new feature, 6 changes and 24 bug fixes from 8u144.
Java SE 8 Update 1522652017-10-17Security fixes, 1 new feature, 1 change and 238 bug fixes from 8u151 (1 notable).
Java SE 8 Update 1612662018-01-1621 Security fixes, 3 new features, 9 changes and 1 bug fix from 8u152.
Java SE 8 Update 1622672018-01-16Security fixes, 63 bug fixes.
Java SE 8 Update 1712682018-04-17Security fixes, bug fixes.
Java SE 8 Update 1722692018-04-17Security fixes, bug fixes.
Java SE 8 Update 1812702018-07-17Security fixes, bug fixes.
Java SE 8 Update 1912712018-10-16New features, changes, bug fixes, security fixes.
Java SE 8 Update 1922722018-10-16New features, changes, bug fixes.
Java SE 8 Update 2012732019-01-15New features, changes, bug fixes.
Java SE 8 Update 2022742019-01-15New features, changes, bug fixes.
Java SE 8 Update 2112752019-04-16New features, changes, bug fixes. License Update.
Java SE 8 Update 2122762019-04-16New features (e.g. 5 currency symbols, including for Bitcoin and "New Japanese Era Name Reiwa"277), changes, bug fixes. License Update.
Java SE 8 Update 2212782019-07-16New features, changes, bug fixes.
Java SE 8 Update 2312792019-10-15New features, changes, bug fixes and 18 security fixes.
Java SE 8 Update 2412802020-01-14New features, changes, bug fixes.
Java SE 8 Update 2512812020-04-14New features, changes, bug fixes. The last version that was shown to be working on Windows XP unofficially.
Java SE 8 Update 2612822020-07-14New features, changes, 133 bug fixes.283
Java SE 8 Update 2712842020-10-20New features, changes, 65 bug fixes.285
Java SE 8 Update 2812862021-01-19New features, changes, 33 bug fixes.287
Java SE 8 Update 2912882021-04-20New features, changes, 28 bug fixes.289
Java SE 8 Update 3012902021-07-20New features, changes, 90 bug fixes.291
Java SE 8 Update 3112922021-10-19New features, changes, 52 bug fixes.293
Java SE 8 Update 3212942022-01-18New features, changes, 62 bug fixes.295
Java SE 8 Update 3312962022-04-19New features, changes, 37 bug fixes.297
Java SE 8 Update 3332982022-05-02Patch w/1 change and 2 bug fixes.299
Java SE 8 Update 3413002022-07-19New features, changes, 42 bug fixes.301
Java SE 8 Update 3513022022-10-18New features, changes, 95 bug fixes.303
Java SE 8 Update 3613042023-01-17New features, changes, bug fixes.
Java SE 8 Update 3713052023-04-18
Java SE 8 Update 3813062023-07-18Security Patches
Java SE 8 Update 3913072023-10-17
Java SE 8 Update 4013082024-01-16
Java SE 8 Update 4113092024-04-16Update time zone data to IANA TZ Data 2024a, new features, changes, updates to third-party libraries, 37 bug fixes.310
Java SE 8 Update 4213112024-07-16
Java SE 8 Update 4313122024-10-15
Java SE 8 Update 4413132025-01-21
Java SE 8 Update 4513142025-04-15

Java SE 9

Java SE 9 was made available on September 21, 2017315 due to controversial acceptance of the current implementation of Project Jigsaw by Java Executive Committee316 which led Oracle to fix some open issues and concerns and to refine some critical technical questions. In the last days of June 2017, Java Community Process expressed nearly unanimous consensus on the proposed Module System scheme.317

The first Java 9 release candidate was released on August 9, 2017.324 The first stable release of Java 9 was on September 21, 2017.325

History

At JavaOne 2011, Oracle discussed features they hoped to release for Java 9 in 2016.326 Java 9 should include better support for multi-gigabyte heaps, better native code integration, a different default garbage collector (G1, for "shorter response times")327 and a self-tuning JVM.328 In early 2016, the release of Java 9 was rescheduled for March 2017329 and later again postponed four more months to July 2017.330

Java 9 updates

Table of Java 9 updates
ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 93312017-09-21Initial release
Java SE 9.0.13322017-10-17New features
  • Add Additional IDL Stub Type Checks to org.omg.CORBA.ORB::string_to_object Method (other-libs/corba)

Known issues

  • TLS does not work by default on OpenJDK 9 (security-libs/java.security)

Changes

  • Remove revoked Swisscom root certificate "swisscomrootevca2" (security-libs/java.security)
  • Refactor existing providers to refer to the same constants for default values for key length (security-libs/java.security)
  • Collections use serialization filter to limit array sizes (security-libs/java.security)
  • Add warnings to keytool when using JKS and JCEKS (security-libs/java.security)

Other notes

  • Default timeouts have changed for FTP URL handler (core-libs/java.net)

Bug fixes

  • 12 bug fixes333
Java SE 9.0.43342018-01-16New features
  • Open source the root certificates in Oracle's Java SE Root CA program (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
  • Added TLS session hash and extended master secret extension support (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
  • Negotiated Finite Field Diffie-Hellman Ephemeral Parameters for TLS (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
  • Add additional IDL stub type checks to org.omg.CORBA.ORBstring_to_object method (other-libs/corba)

Changes

  • RSA public key validation (security-libs/javax.crypto)
  • Provider default key size is updated (security-libs/javax.crypto)
  • Stricter key generation (security-libs/javax.crypto)
  • Disable exportable cipher suites (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
  • JMX Connections need deserialization filters (core-svc/javax.management)
  • JDK Transform, Validation and XPath use the system-default parser (xml/jaxp)

Bug fixes

  • JNLP files won't launch from IE11 on Windows 10 Creators Update (deploy/webstart)
  • 11 bug fixes335

Java SE 10

OpenJDK 10 was released on March 20, 2018, with twelve new features confirmed.336 Among these features were:

The first of these JEP 286 Local-Variable Type Inference, allows the var keyword to be used for local variables with the actual type calculated by the compiler. Due to this change, developers can do the following instead of manually specifying the variable's type:

var list = new ArrayList<String>(); // infers ArrayList<String> var stream = list.stream(); // infers Stream<String>

Java 10 updates

Table of Java 10 updates
ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 103372018-03-20Initial release
Java SE 10.0.13382018-04-17New features
  • Enhanced KeyStore Mechanisms (security-libs/javax.crypto)

Changes

  • XML Signatures Signed with EC Keys Less Than 224 Bits Disabled (security-libs/javax.xml.crypto)
  • 3DES Cipher Suites Disabled (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)

Other notes

  • CipherOutputStream Usage (security-libs/javax.crypto)

Bug fixes

Java SE 10.0.23402018-07-17Changes
  • filterArguments runs multiple filters in the wrong order (core-libs/java.lang.invoke)
  • Improve LDAP support (core-libs/javax.naming)
  • Better stack walking (core-libs/java.io:serialization)

Bug fixes

  • JVM Crash during G1 GC (hotspot/gc)
  • 7 bug fixes341

Java SE 11 (LTS)

JDK 11 was released on September 25, 2018 and the version is currently open for bug fixes. It offers LTS, or Long-Term Support. Among others, Java 11 includes a number of new features, such as:342

A number of features from previous releases were dropped; in particular, Java applets and Java Web Start are no longer available. JavaFX, Java EE and CORBA modules have been removed from JDK.343

Java 11 updates

Table of Java 11 updates
ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 113442018-09-25Initial release
Java SE 11.0.13452018-10-16Changes
  • Added Additional TeliaSonera Root Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
  • Improve LDAP support (core-libs/javax.naming)
  • Changed Central File System Location for usagetracker.properties File (core-svc)
  • Problem looking up Client Certificates in keystore (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
  • Disabled All DES TLS Cipher Suites (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
  • Improved Cipher Inputs (security-libs/javax.crypto)

Bug fixes

  • LDAPS Communication Failure (core-libs/javax.naming)
  • Better HTTP Redirection Support (core-libs/java.net)
  • 5 bug fixes346
Java SE 11.0.23472019-01-15Known issues
  • GTK+ 3.20 and Later Unsupported by Swing (client-libs)

Changes

  • TLS anon and NULL Cipher Suites are Disabled (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
  • Linux Native Code Checks (hotspot/runtime)
  • Enable Java Access Bridge Check Box Option in Control Panel Is Not Available with JDK 11 Installer (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)

Bug fixes

  • 59 bug fixes348
Java SE 11.0.33492019-04-16New features
  • Square Character Support for Japanese New Era (core-libs/java.util:i18n)

Known issues

  • Java Access Bridge Installation Workaround (install)

Changes

  • Added GlobalSign R6 Root Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
  • Distrust TLS Server Certificates Anchored by Symantec Root CAs (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
  • New Japanese Era Name Reiwa (core-libs/java.time)
  • Support New Japanese Era in java.time.chrono.JapaneseEra (core-libs/java.time)

Bug fixes

  • 17 bug fixes350
Java SE 11.0.43512019-07-16New features
  • HotSpot Windows OS Detection Correctly Identifies Windows Server 2019 (hotspot/runtime)

Removed features and options

  • Removal of Two DocuSign Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
  • Removal of Two Comodo Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
  • Removal of T-Systems Deutsche Telekom Root CA 2 Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
  • Removal of GTE CyberTrust Global Root (security-libs/java.security)

Other notes

  • com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.security.ignoreLineBreaks System Property (security-libs/javax.xml.crypto)
  • System Property to Switch Between Implementations of ECC (security-libs/javax.crypto)

Bug fixes

  • 42 bug fixes352
Java SE 11.0.53532019-10-15New features
  • New Java Flight Recorder (JFR) Security Events (security-libs/java.security)

Other notes

  • Using the JDK or JRE on macOS Catalina (10.15) (docs)
  • Remove Obsolete NIST EC Curves from the Default TLS Algorithms (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
  • Use SunJCE Mac in SecretKeyFactory PBKDF2 Implementation (security-libs/javax.crypto)
  • Java Access Bridge Installation Workaround (install)
  • Updated XML Signature Implementation to Apache Santuario 2.1.3 (security-libs/javax.xml.crypto)
  • System Property jdk.security.useLegacyECC is Turned Off by Default (security-libs/javax.crypto)
  • Changed Properties.loadFromXML to Comply with Specification (core-libs/java.util)
  • Runtime.exec and ProcessBuilder Argument Restrictions (core-libs/java.lang)
  • Windows 2019 Core Server Is Not Supported (client-libs/2d)

Bug fixes

  • 83 bug fixes354
Java SE 11.0.63552020-01-14New features
  • Allow SASL Mechanisms to Be Restricted (security-libs/javax.security)
  • SunPKCS11 Provider Upgraded with Support for PKCS#11 v2.40 (security-libs/javax.crypto:pkcs11)

Other notes

  • Improve Registry Support (core-libs/java.rmi)
  • New Checks on Trust Anchor Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
  • Exact Match Required for Trusted TLS Server Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
  • Added LuxTrust Global Root 2 Certificate (install/security-libs/java.security)
  • Added 4 Amazon Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
  • Turn off AOT by Default and Change Related Flags to Experimental (hotspot/compiler)
  • Epsilon GC handled checked array stores incorrectly (hotspot/gc)

Bug fixes

  • Memory Growth Issue in SunPKCS11 Fixed (security-libs/javax.crypto:pkcs11)
  • Better Serial Filter Handling (core-libs/java.io:serialization)
  • 123 bug fixes356
Java SE 11.0.73572020-04-14New features
  • Support for MS Cryptography Next Generation (CNG) (security-libs/javax.crypto)

Bug fixes

  • 140 bug fixes358
Java SE 11.0.83592020-07-14New features
  • New System Properties to Configure the TLS Signature Schemes (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
  • Apache Santuario Library Updated to Version 2.1.4 (security-libs/javax.xml.crypto)
  • Toolchain Upgrade to Xcode 10.1 (infrastructure)
  • Oracle JDK Installer for Windows Provides Executables (javac, etc) in a Path Reachable From Any Command Prompt (install/install)

Removed features and options

  • Removal of Comodo Root CA Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
  • Removal of DocuSign Root CA Certificate (security-libs/java.security)

Other notes

  • Improved Serialization Handling (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
  • Better Listing of Arrays (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
  • Default SSLEngine Should Create in Server Role (security-libs/javax.net.sslc)
  • OperatingSystemMXBean Methods Inside a Container Return Container Specific Data (core-svc/java.lang.management)
  • Default SSL Session Cache Size Updated to 20480 (security-libs)
  • Deprecated NSWindowStyleMaskTexturedBackground (client-libs/javax.swing)

Bug fixes

  • 167 bug fixes360
Java SE 11.0.93612020-10-20New features
  • Weak Named Curves in TLS, CertPath, and Signed JAR Disabled by Default (security-libs/java.security)
  • Support for Kerberos Cross-Realm Referrals (RFC 6806) (security-libs/org.ietf.jgss:krb5)
  • Improve Certificate Chain Handling (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
  • Tools Warn If Weak Algorithms Are Used (security-libs/java.security)
  • Support for canonicalize in krb5.conf (security-libs/org.ietf.jgss:krb5)

Other notes

  • Added Property to Control LDAP Authentication Mechanisms Allowed to Authenticate Over Clear Connections (core-libs/javax.naming)
  • Added 3 SSL Corporation Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
  • Added Entrust Root Certification Authority – G4 certificate (security-libs/java.security)
  • Localized Time Zone Name Inconsistency Between English and Other Locales (core-libs/java.util:i18n)
  • Enhanced Support of Proxy Class (core-libs/java.io:serialization)

Bug fixes

  • 118 bug fixes362
Java SE 11.0.103632021-01-19New features
  • -groupname Option Added to keytool Key Pair Generation (security-libs/java.security)
  • Support for certificate_authorities Extension (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
  • POSIX_SPAWN Option on Linux (core-libs/java.lang)
  • Support for X25519 and X448 in TLS (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
  • jarsigner Preserves POSIX File Permission and symlink Attributes (security-libs/java.security)

Other notes

  • Oracle JDK11u for Solaris Now Requires harfbuzz to be Installed (client-libs/2d)
  • JDK time-zone data upgraded to tzdata2020d (core-libs/java.time)
  • JDK time-zone data upgraded to tzdata2020c (core-libs/java.time)
  • US/Pacific-New Zone Name Removed as Part of tzdata2020b (core-libs/java.time)

Bug fixes

  • 118 bug fixes364
Java SE 11.0.113652021-04-20New features
  • jdeps --print-module-deps Reports Transitive Dependences (tools)

Other notes

  • New System and Security Properties to Control Reconstruction of Remote Objects by JDK's Built-in JNDI RMI and LDAP Implementations (core-libs/javax.naming)
  • Added 2 HARICA Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
  • Disable TLS 1.0 and 1.1 (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
  • Modified the MS950 charset Encoder's Conversion Table (core-libs/java.nio.charsets)
  • Less Ambiguous Processing of ProcessBuilder Quotes on Windows > (core-libs/java.lang)

Bug fixes

  • 88 bug fixes366
Java SE 11.0.123672021-07-20New features
  • Support cross-realm MSSFU (security-libs/org.ietf.jgss:krb5)
  • Customizing PKCS12 keystore Generation (security-libs/java.security)

Removed features and options

  • Removed Root Certificates with 1024-bit Keys (security-libs/java.security)
  • Removed Telia Company's Sonera Class2 CA Certificate (security-libs/java.security)

Other notes

  • Updated List of Capabilities Provided by JDK RPMs (install/install)
  • ADDLOCAL=ToolsFeature,SourceFeature Argument No Longer Needed For Windows JDK Installer (install/install)
  • Upgraded the Default PKCS12 Encryption and MAC Algorithms (security-libs/java.security)
  • Disable SHA-1 JARs (security-libs/java.security)
  • Improve Encoding of TLS Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN) Values (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
  • URL FTP Protocol Handler: IPv4 Address Validation in Passive Mode (core-libs/java.net)

Bug fixes

  • 106 bug fixes368
Java SE 11.0.133692021-10-19New features
  • Context-specific Deserialization Filters (core-libs/java.io:serialization)

Removed features and options

  • Removed IdenTrust Root Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
  • Remove the Experimental AOT and JIT Compiler in OracleJDK 11u (hotspot/compiler)

Other notes

  • Release Doesn't Correctly Recognize Windows 11 (core-libs/java.lang)
  • Change to Package Names in Linux RPM/DEB Installers (install)
  • Updated the Default Enabled Cipher Suites Preference (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
  • System Property to Control Reconstruction of Reference Address Objects by JDK's Built-in JNDI LDAP Implementation (core-libs/javax.naming)
  • Release Doesn't Correctly Recognize Windows Server 2022 (hotspot/runtime)
  • Updated keytool to Create AKID From SKID of Issuing Certificate as Specified by RFC 5280 (security-libs/java.security)
  • SunPKCS11 Initialization With NSS When External FIPS Modules Are in Security Modules Database (security-libs/javax.crypto:pkcs11)

Bug fixes

  • 93 bug fixes370
Java SE 11.0.143712022-01-18New features
  • New SunPKCS11 Configuration Properties (security-libs/javax.crypto:pkcs11)
  • Configurable Extensions With System Properties (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)

Removed features and options

  • Removed Google's GlobalSign Root Certificate (security-libs/java.security)

Other notes

  • Zip File System Provider Throws ZipException When Entry Name Element Contains "." or ".." (core-libs/java.nio)
  • Update Timezone Data to 2021c (core-libs/java.time)
  • LDAP Channel Binding Support for Java GSS/Kerberos (core-libs/javax.naming)
  • SocketExceptions Are Not Wrapped Into SSLExceptions in SSLSocketImpl (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
  • OperatingSystemMXBean.getProcessCpuLoad Is Now Container Aware (hotspot/runtime)

Bug fixes

  • 71 bug fixes372
Java SE 11.0.153732022-04-19New features
  • SunPKCS11 Provider Supports ChaCha20-Poly1305 Cipher and ChaCha20 KeyGenerator if Supported by PKCS11 Library (security-libs/javax.crypto:pkcs11)
  • ChaCha20 and Poly1305 TLS Cipher Suites (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
  • New XML Processing Limits (xml/jaxp)

Other notes

  • Only Expose Certificates With Proper Trust Settings as Trusted Certificate Entries in macOS KeychainStore (security-libs/java.security)
  • Parsing of URL Strings in Built-in JNDI Providers Is More Strict (core-libs/javax.naming)

Bug fixes

  • 81 bug fixes374
Java SE 11.0.163752022-07-19New features
  • HTTPS Channel Binding Support for Java GSS/Kerberos (core-libs/java.net)

Other notes

  • Update java.net.InetAddress to Detect Ambiguous IPv4 Address Literals (core-libs/java.net)
  • JDK Bundle Extensions Truncated When Downloading Using Firefox 102 (core-libs/java.io:serialization)
  • Vector Should Throw ClassNotFoundException for a Missing Class of an Element (core-libs/java.io:serialization)
  • Default JDK Compressor Will Be Closed when IOException Is Encountered (core-libs/java.util.jar)

Bug fixes

  • 74 bug fixes376
Java SE 11.0.16.13772022-08-18Changes
  • C2 Compilation Errors Unpredictably Crashes JVM (hotspot/compiler)
Java SE 11.0.173782022-10-18New features
  • Upgrade the Default PKCS12 MAC Algorithm (security-libs/java.security)
  • JDK Flight Recorder Event for Deserialization (core-libs/java.io:serialization)

Other notes

  • Disabled SHA-1 Signed JARs (security-libs/java.security)
  • Deprecate 3DES and RC4 in Kerberos (security-libs/org.ietf.jgss:krb5)
  • Make HttpURLConnection Default Keep Alive Timeout Configurable (core-libs/java.net)
  • CPU Shares Ignored When Computing Active Processor Count (hotspot/runtime)
  • Update Timezone Data to 2022c (core-libs/java.time)
  • New System Property to Limit the Number of Open Connections to com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpServer (core-libs/java.net)

Bug fixes

  • 118 bug fixes379
Java SE 11.0.183802023-01-17New features
  • DTLS Resumption Uses HelloVerifyRequest Messages (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
  • Support for RSASSA-PSS in OCSP Response (security-libs/java.security)

Known issues

  • Installation of Oracle Linux Specific x64 JDK RPMs Pulls in i686 Dependencies (install/install)

Other notes

  • FXML JavaScript Engine Disabled by Default (javafx/fxml)
  • Translated resource bundles for German (globalization)
  • RPM JDK Installer Changes (install/install)
  • Disable Side-by-Side Installations of Multiple JDK Updates in Windows JDK Installers (install/install)
  • All JDK Update Releases Are Installed Into the Same Directory on macOS (install/install)
  • Incorrect Handling of Quoted Arguments in ProcessBuilder (core-libs/java.lang)
  • New Implementation Note for LoginModule on Removing Null from a Principals or Credentials set (security-libs/javax.security)
  • Toolchain Upgrade to Visual Studio 2022 (infrastructure)
  • Change in SSLEngine.closeInbound() Behavior (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)

Bug fixes

  • 58 bug fixes381
Java SE 11.0.193822023-04-18New features
  • Added a Default Native GSS-API Library on Windows (security-libs/org.ietf.jgss)

Other notes

  • System Property to Handle HTML ObjectView Creation (client-libs/javax.swing)
  • Added Certigna(Dhimyotis) Root CA Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
  • Removed SSLv2Hello and SSLv3 From Default Enabled TLS Protocols (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
  • File::listRoots Changed to Return All Available Drives on Windows (core-libs/java.io)
  • Crypto-J Exception for Diffie-Hellman and DSA AlgorithmParameters Requests (security-libs/java.security)

Bug fixes

  • 55 bug fixes383
Java SE 11.0.203842023-07-18New features
  • Allow Additional Characters for GB18030-2022 Support (core-libs/java.lang)
  • Support for GB18030-2022 (core-libs/java.nio.charsets)
  • Update the Javadoc in the Character Class to State Support for GB 18030-2022 Implementation Level 2 (core-libs/java.lang)
  • Windows KeyStore Updated to Include Access to the Local Machine Location (security-libs/java.security)
  • New JFR Event: jdk.InitialSecurityProperty (security-libs/java.security)
  • New JFR Event: jdk.SecurityProviderService (security-libs/java.security)
  • JDK Now Accepts RSA Keys in PKCS#1 Format (security-libs/javax.crypto)

Known issues

  • Problem Upgrading JDK on Windows if System User Is Using Shared Files (install)

Other notes

  • System Property to Turn off JDK-8251329 Restrictions (core-libs/java.nio)
  • Missing /usr/java/default Symlink on Linux Restored (install/install)
  • Installation of JDK RPM Corrupts Alternatives (install/install)
  • Added TWCA Root CA Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
  • Added 4 GTS Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
  • Added Microsoft Corporation's 2 TLS Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
  • System Property for Java SE Specification Maintenance Version (core-libs/java.lang)
  • GregorianCalender.computeTime() JVM Crash (hotspot/compiler)
  • ASLR Support for CDS Archive (hotspot/runtime)
  • Throw Error If Default java.security File Fails to Load (security-libs/java.security)
  • New System Property to Control the Maximum Size of Signature Files (security-libs/java.security)
  • Improved ZIP64 Extra Field Validation (core-libs/java.util.jar)

Bug fixes

  • 43 bug fixes385
Java SE 11.0.213862023-10-17New features
  • -XshowSettings:locale Output Now Includes Tzdata Version (tools/launcher)

Removed features and options

  • Removed SECOM Trust System's RootCA1 Root Certificate (security-libs/java.security)

Other notes

  • Added Certigna Root CA Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
  • Debian JDK Installer Changes (install/install)
  • Ignore Allow and Disallow Options for java.security.manager System Property (security-libs/java.security)
  • The Default TLS Diffie-Hellman Group Size Has Been Increased from 1024-bit to 2048-bit (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
  • Use Server Cipher Suites Preference by Default (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)

Bug fixes

  • 29 bug fixes387
Java SE 11.0.223882024-01-16New features
  • New System Property to Toggle XML Signature Secure Validation Mode (security-libs/javax.xml.crypto)

Known issues

  • Potential Performance Regression Due to Limited Range Check Elimination (hotspot/compiler)

Other notes

  • Add Process-Memory Information to hs-err and VM.info (hotspot/runtime)
  • Increase Default Value of the System Property jdk.jar.maxSignatureFileSize (security-libs/java.security)
  • Added Four Root Certificates from DigiCert, Inc. (security-libs/java.security)
  • Added Three Root Certificates from eMudhra Technologies Limited (security-libs/java.security)
  • Added Telia Root CA v2 Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
  • Added ISRG Root X2 CA Certificate from Let's Encrypt (security-libs/java.security)
  • Call X509KeyManager.chooseClientAlias Once for All Key Types (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
  • Add Process-Memory Information to hs-err and VM.info (hotspot/runtime)

Bug fixes

  • 29 bug fixes389

Java SE 12

JDK 12 was released on March 19, 2019. Among others, Java 12 includes a number of new features, such as:390

The preview feature JEP 325 extends the switch statement so it can also be used as an expression, and adds a new form of case label where the right hand side is an expression. No break statement is needed. For complex expressions a yield statement can be used. This becomes standard in Java SE 14.

int ndays = switch(month) { case JAN, MAR, MAY, JUL, AUG, OCT, DEC -> 31; case APR, JUN, SEP, NOV -> 30; case FEB -> { if (year % 400 == 0) yield 29; else if (year % 100 == 0) yield 28; else if (year % 4 == 0) yield 29; else yield 28; } };

Java 12 updates

Table of Java 12 updates
ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 123912019-03-19Initial release
Java SE 12.0.13922019-04-16Known issues
  • Java Access Bridge Installation Workaround (install)

Changes

  • Added GlobalSign R6 Root Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
  • New Japanese Era Name Reiwa (core-libs/java.time)

Bug fixes

Java SE 12.0.23942019-07-16Removed features and options
  • Removal of Two DocuSign Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
  • Removal of Two Comodo Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
  • Removal of T-Systems Deutsche Telekom Root CA 2 Certificate (security-libs/java.security)

Other notes

  • Java Access Bridge Installation Workaround (install)

Java SE 13

JDK 13 was released on September 17, 2019. Java 13 includes the following new features, as well as "hundreds of smaller enhancements and thousands of bug fixes".395

JEP 355 Text Blocks allows multiline string literals:

String html = """ <html lang="en"> <body> <p>Hello, world</p> </body> </html> """;

Java 13 updates

Table of Java 13 updates
ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 133962019-09-17Initial release
Java SE 13.0.13972019-10-15Other notes
  • Using the JDK or JRE on macOS Catalina (10.15) (docs)
  • Remove Obsolete NIST EC Curves from the Default TLS Algorithms (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
  • Text Visibility Issues in macOS Dark Mode (client-libs)
  • Runtime.exec and ProcessBuilder Argument Restrictions (core-libs/java.lang)
Java SE 13.0.23982020-01-14Other notes
  • New Checks on Trust Anchor Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
  • Exact Match Required for Trusted TLS Server Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
  • Added LuxTrust Global Root 2 Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
  • Added 4 Amazon Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
  • Improve Registry Support (core-libs/java.rmi)

Bug fixes

  • Better Serial Filter Handling (core-libs/java.io:serialization)
  • 29 bug fixes399

Java SE 14

JDK 14 was released on March 17, 2020. Java 14 includes the following new features, as well as "hundreds of smaller enhancements and thousands of bug fixes".400

JEP 305, Pattern Matching for instanceof simplifies the common case of an instanceof test being immediately followed by cast, replacing

if (obj instanceof String) { String s = (String)obj; System.out.println(s.length()); }

with

if (obj instanceof String s) { System.out.println(s.length()); }

JEP 359 Records allows easy creation of simple immutable Tuple-like classes.401

record Point(int x, int y) { } Point p = new Point(3, 4); System.out.println(p.x());

Java 14 updates

Table of Java 14 updates
ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 144022020-03-17Initial release
Java SE 14.0.14032020-04-14Bug fixes
Java SE 14.0.24052020-07-14Removed features and options
  • Removal of Comodo Root CA Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
  • Removal of DocuSign Root CA Certificate (security-libs/java.security)

Other notes

  • Better Listing of Arrays (core-libs/java.util:collections)
  • Default SSLEngine Should Create in Server Role (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
  • Improved Serialization Handling (core-libs/java.io:serialization)

Bug fixes

Java SE 15

JDK 15 was released on September 15, 2020. Java 15 adds e.g. support for multi-line string literals (aka Text Blocks). The Shenandoah and Z garbage collectors (latter sometimes abbreviated ZGC) are now ready for use in production (i.e. no longer marked experimental). Support for Oracle's Solaris operating system (and SPARC CPUs) is dropped (while still available in e.g. Java 11). The Nashorn JavaScript Engine is removed. Also removed some root CA certificates.

JEP 360 Sealed Classes adds sealed classes and interfaces that restrict which other classes or interfaces may extend or implement them. Only those classes specified in a permits clause may extend the class or interface.

package com.example.geometry; public abstract sealed class Shape permits Circle, Rectangle, Square {...}

Together with records, sealed classes are sum types. They work well with other recent features like records, switch expressions, and pattern matching for instance-of. They all form part of a system for "Pattern matching in Java" first discussed by Gavin Bierman and Brian Goetz, in September 2018.407

Java 15 updates

Table of Java 15 updates
ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 154082020-09-15Initial release
Java SE 15.0.14092020-10-20New features
  • Improve Certificate Chain Handling (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)

Other notes

  • Added Property to Control LDAP Authentication Mechanisms Allowed to Authenticate Over Clear Connections (core-libs/javax.naming)
  • Added 3 SSL Corporation Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
  • Added Entrust Root Certification Authority – G4 certificate (security-libs/java.security)
  • Enhanced Support of Proxy Class (core-libs/java.io:serialization)

Bug fixes

Java SE 15.0.24112021-01-19Other notes
  • JDK time-zone data upgraded to tzdata2020d (core-libs/java.time)
  • JDK time-zone data upgraded to tzdata2020c (core-libs/java.time)
  • US/Pacific-New Zone Name Removed as Part of tzdata2020b (core-libs/java.time)

Bug fixes

  • 24 bug fixes412

Java SE 16

JDK 16 was released on March 16, 2021. Java 16 removes Ahead-of-Time compilation (and Graal JIT) options.413 The Java implementation itself was and is still written in C++, while as of Java 16, more recent C++14 (but still not e.g. C++17 or C++20) is allowed. The code was also moved to GitHub, dropping Mercurial as the source control system.

Java 16 updates

Table of Java 16 updates
ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 164142021-03-16Initial release
Java SE 16.0.14152021-04-20Other notes
  • New System and Security Properties to Control Reconstruction of Remote Objects by JDK's Built-in JNDI RMI and LDAP Implementations (core-libs/javax.naming)
  • Added 2 HARICA Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
  • Less Ambiguous Processing of ProcessBuilder Quotes on Windows (core-libs/java.lang)

Bug fixes

  • 30 bug fixes416
Java SE 16.0.24172021-07-20Removed features and options
  • Removed Telia Company's Sonera Class2 CA certificate (security-libs/java.security)

Other notes

  • Updated List of Capabilities Provided by JDK RPMs (install/install)
  • Change to Package Names in Linux RPM/DEB Installers (install/install)
  • URL FTP Protocol Handler: IPv4 Address Validation in Passive Mode (core-libs/java.net)
  • SocketExceptions Are Not Wrapped Into SSLExceptions in SSLSocketImpl (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
  • Disable SHA-1 JARs (security-libs/java.security)

Bug fixes

  • 25 bug fixes418

Java SE 17 (LTS)

JDK 17 was released in September 2021.419 Java 17 is the 2nd long-term support (LTS) release since switching to the new 6-month release cadence (the first being Java 11).

JEP 406 extends the pattern matching syntax used in instanceof operations to switch statements and expressions. It allows cases to be selected based on the type of the argument, null cases and refining patterns

Object o = ...; return switch (o) { case null -> "Null"; case String s -> "String %s".formatted(s); case Long l -> "long %d".formatted(l); case Double d -> "double %f".formatted(d); case Integer i && i > 0 // refining patterns -> "positive int %d".formatted(i); case Integer i && i == 0 -> "zero int %d".formatted(i); case Integer i && i < 0 -> "negative int %d".formatted(i); default -> o.toString(); };

Java 17 updates

Table of Java 17 updates
ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 174202021-09-14Initial release
Java SE 17.0.14212021-10-19Removed features and options
  • Removed IdenTrust Root Certificate (security-libs/java.security)

Other notes

  • Release Doesn't Correctly Recognize Windows 11 (core-libs/java.lang)
  • System Property to Control Reconstruction of Reference Address Objects by JDK's Built-in JNDI LDAP Implementation (core-libs/javax.naming)
  • Release Doesn't Correctly Recognize Windows Server 2022 (hotspot/runtime)
  • OperatingSystemMXBean.getProcessCpuLoad Is Now Container Aware (hotspot/runtime)

Bug fixes

  • 21 bug fixes422
Java SE 17.0.24232022-01-18Removed features and options
  • Removed Google's GlobalSign Root Certificate (security-libs/java.security)

Other notes

  • Extended Delay Before JDK Executable Installer Starts From Network Drive (install/install)
  • file.encoding System Property Has an Incorrect Value on Windows (core-libs/java.io)
  • Zip File System Provider Throws ZipException When Entry Name Element Contains "." or ".." (core-libs/java.nio)
  • Update Timezone Data to 2021c (core-libs/java.time)
  • ZGC: Fixed long Process Non-Strong References times (hotspot/gc)

Bug fixes

  • 164 bug fixes424
Java SE 17.0.34252022-04-19New features
  • New XML Processing Limits (xml/jaxp)

Other notes

  • Only Expose Certificates With Proper Trust Settings as Trusted Certificate Entries in macOS KeychainStore (security-libs/java.security)
  • Parsing of URL Strings in Built-in JNDI Providers Is More Strict (core-libs/javax.naming)

Bug fixes

  • 48 bug fixes426
Java SE 17.0.3.14272022-05-02Changes
  • New System Property to Disable Windows Alternate Data Stream Support in java.io.File (core-libs/java.io)

Bug fixes

Java SE 17.0.44292022-07-19New features
  • HTTPS Channel Binding Support for Java GSS/Kerberos (core-libs/java.net)

Other notes

  • Update java.net.InetAddress to Detect Ambiguous IPv4 Address Literals (core-libs/java.net)
  • Default JDK Compressor Will Be Closed when IOException Is Encountered (core-libs/java.util.jar)
  • CPU Shares Ignored When Computing Active Processor Count (hotspot/runtime)

Bug fixes

  • 60 bug fixes430
Java SE 17.0.4.14312022-08-18Changes
  • C2 Compilation Errors Unpredictably Crashes JVM (hotspot/compiler)
Java SE 17.0.54322022-10-18New features
  • HTTPS Channel Binding Support for Java GSS/Kerberos (core-libs/java.net)

Other notes

  • Update java.net.InetAddress to Detect Ambiguous IPv4 Address Literals (core-libs/java.net)
  • Default JDK Compressor Will Be Closed when IOException Is Encountered (core-libs/java.util.jar)
  • CPU Shares Ignored When Computing Active Processor Count (hotspot/runtime)

Bug fixes

  • 77 bug fixes433
Java SE 17.0.64342023-01-17New features
  • DTLS Resumption Uses HelloVerifyRequest Messages (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)
  • Support for RSASSA-PSS in OCSP Response (security-libs/java.security)

Known issues

  • Installation of Oracle Linux Specific x64 JDK RPMs Pulls in i686 Dependencies (install/install)

Other notes

  • FXML JavaScript Engine Disabled by Default (javafx/fxml)
  • Translated resource bundles for German (globalization)
  • RPM JDK Installer Changes (install/install)
  • Disable Side-by-Side Installations of Multiple JDK Updates in Windows JDK Installers (install/install)
  • All JDK Update Releases Are Installed Into the Same Directory on macOS (install/install)
  • Incorrect Handling of Quoted Arguments in ProcessBuilder (core-libs/java.lang)
  • New Implementation Note for LoginModule on Removing Null from a Principals or Credentials set (security-libs/javax.security)
  • Toolchain Upgrade to Visual Studio 2022 (infrastructure)
  • Change in SSLEngine.closeInbound() Behavior (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)

Bug fixes

  • 52 bug fixes435
Java SE 17.0.74362023-04-18New features
  • New JFR Event: jdk.InitialSecurityProperty (security-libs/java.security)

Other notes

  • System Property to Handle HTML ObjectView Creation (client-libs/javax.swing)
  • Added Certigna(Dhimyotis) CA Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
  • File::listRoots Changed to Return All Available Drives on Windows (core-libs/java.io)
  • Throw Error If Default java.security File Fails to Load (security-libs/java.security)
  • Crypto-J Exception for Diffie-Hellman and DSA AlgorithmParameters Requests (security-libs/java.security)

Bug fixes

  • 69 bug fixes437
Java SE 17.0.84382023-07-18New features
  • Support for GB18030-2022 (core-libs/java.nio.charsets)
  • Windows KeyStore Updated to Include Access to the Local Machine Location (security-libs/java.security)
  • New JFR Event: jdk.SecurityProviderService (security-libs/java.security)

Known issues

  • Problem Upgrading JDK on Windows if System User Is Using Shared Files (install)

Other notes

  • System Property to Turn off JDK-8251329 Restrictions (core-libs/java.nio)
  • Debian JDK Installer Changes (install/install)
  • Missing /usr/java/default Symlink on Linux Restored (install/install)
  • Installation of JDK RPM Corrupts Alternatives (install/install)
  • Added TWCA Root CA Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
  • Added 4 GTS Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
  • Added Microsoft Corporation's 2 TLS Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
  • GregorianCalender.computeTime() JVM Crash (hotspot/compiler)
  • ASLR Support for CDS Archive (hotspot/runtime)
  • New System Property to Control the Maximum Size of Signature Files (security-libs/java.security)
  • Improved ZIP64 Extra Field Validation (core-libs/java.util.jar)

Bug fixes

  • 56 bug fixes439
Java SE 17.0.94402023-10-17New features
  • -XshowSettings:locale Output Now Includes Tzdata Version (tools/launcher)

Removed features and options

  • Removed SECOM Trust System's RootCA1 Root Certificate (security-libs/java.security)

Other notes

  • Added Certigna Root CA Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
  • The Default TLS Diffie-Hellman Group Size Has Been Increased from 1024-bit to 2048-bit (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)

Bug fixes

  • 56 bug fixes441
Java SE 17.0.104422024-01-16New features
  • New System Property to Toggle XML Signature Secure Validation Mode (security-libs/javax.xml.crypto)

Known issues

  • Potential Performance Regression Due to Limited Range Check Elimination (hotspot/compiler)

Other notes

  • Increase Default Value of the System Property jdk.jar.maxSignatureFileSize (security-libs/java.security)
  • Added Four Root Certificates from DigiCert, Inc. (security-libs/java.security)
  • Added Three Root Certificates from eMudhra Technologies Limited (security-libs/java.security)
  • Added Telia Root CA v2 Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
  • Added ISRG Root X2 CA Certificate from Let's Encrypt (security-libs/java.security)
  • Call X509KeyManager.chooseClientAlias Once for All Key Types (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)

Bug fixes

  • 46 bug fixes443
Java SE 17.0.114442024-04-16
Java SE 17.0.124452024-07-16
Java SE 17.0.134462024-10-15
Java SE 17.0.144472025-01-21
Java SE 17.0.154482025-04-15

Java SE 18

JDK 18 was released on March 22, 2022.449

Java 18 updates

Table of Java 18 updates
ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 184502022-03-22Initial release
Java SE 18.0.14512022-04-19New features
  • New XML Processing Limits (xml/jaxp)

Other notes

  • Only Expose Certificates With Proper Trust Settings as Trusted Certificate Entries in macOS KeychainStore (security-libs/java.security)
  • Parsing of URL Strings in Built-in JNDI Providers Is More Strict (core-libs/javax.naming)

Bug fixes

  • 18 bug fixes452
Java SE 18.0.1.14532022-05-02core-libs/java.io
  • New System Property to Disable Windows Alternate Data Stream Support in java.io.File (core-libs/java.io)

Bug fixes

Java SE 18.0.24552022-07-19Removed features and options
  • Remove the Alternate ThreadLocal Implementation of the Subject::current and Subject::callAs APIs (security-libs/javax.security)

Other notes

  • java.net.InetAddress Updated to Reject Ambiguous IPv4 Address Literals (core-libs/java.net)
  • CPU Shares Ignored When Computing Active Processor Count (hotspot/runtime)
  • Lambda Deserialization Fails for Object Method References on Interfaces (tools/javac)

Bug fixes

  • 49 bug fixes456
Java SE 18.0.2.14572022-08-18Changes
  • C2 Compilation Errors Unpredictably Crashes JVM (hotspot/compiler)

Java SE 19

JDK 19 was released on 20 September 2022.458

JEP 405 allows record patterns, extending the pattern matching capabilities of instanceof operators, and switch expressions, to include record patterns that explicitly refer to the components of the record.

record Rectangle(int x, int y, int w, int h) {} int area(Object o) { if (o instanceof Rectangle(int x, int y, int w, int h)) { return w * h; } return 0; }

Such patterns can include nested patterns, where the components of records are themselves records, allowing patterns to match more object graphs.

Java 19 updates

Table of Java 19 updates
ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 194592022-09-20Initial release
Java SE 19.0.14602022-10-18Other notes
  • Update Timezone Data to 2022c (core-libs/java.time)
  • New System Property to Limit the Number of Open Connections to com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpServer (core-libs/java.net)

Bug fixes

Java SE 19.0.24622023-01-17New features
  • DTLS Resumption Uses HelloVerifyRequest Messages (security-libs/javax.net.ssl)

Other notes

  • FXML JavaScript Engine Disabled by Default (javafx/fxml)

Bug fixes

  • 28 bug fixes463

Java SE 20

Java 20 was released on 21 March 2023.464 All JEPs were either incubators or previews.

Java 20 updates

Table of Java 20 updates
ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 204652023-03-21Initial release
Java SE 20.0.14662023-04-18Other notes
  • System Property to Handle HTML ObjectView Creation (client-libs/javax.swing)
  • Added Certigna(Dhimyotis) CA Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
  • File::listRoots Changed to Return All Available Drives on Windows (core-libs/java.io)

Bug fixes

Java SE 20.0.24682023-07-18New features
  • Support for GB18030-2022 (core-libs/java.nio.charsets)

Known issues

  • Problem Upgrading JDK on Windows if System User Is Using Shared Files (install)

Other notes

  • Missing /usr/java/default Symlink on Linux Restored (install/install)
  • Installation of JDK RPM Corrupts Alternatives (install/install)
  • Added TWCA Root CA Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
  • Added 4 GTS Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
  • Added Microsoft Corporation's 2 TLS Root CA Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
  • ASLR Support for CDS Archive (hotspot/runtime)
  • New System Property to Control the Maximum Size of Signature Files (security-libs/java.security)
  • Improved ZIP64 Extra Field Validation (core-libs/java.util.jar)

Bug fixes

  • 33 bug fixes469

Java SE 21 (LTS)

Java 21 was released on 19 September 2023.470 The 32-bit version of Java for Windows on x86 was deprecated for removal with this release. The following JEPs were added, including eight JEPs that graduated from the incubating and preview stages, compared to Java 20 which only had previewing and incubating JEPs. Java 21 introduces features first previewed in Java 17 (pattern matching for switch statements) and Java 19 (record patterns). All JEPs added with Java 21 include the following:

  1. JEP 430: String Templates (Preview)
  2. JEP 431: Sequenced Collections
  3. JEP 439: Generational ZGC
  4. JEP 440: Record Patterns
  5. JEP 441: Pattern Matching for switch
  6. JEP 442: Foreign Function & Memory API (Third Preview)
  7. JEP 443: Unnamed Patterns and Variables (Preview)
  8. JEP 444: Virtual Threads
  9. JEP 445: Unnamed Classes and Instance Main Methods (Preview)
  10. JEP 446: Scoped Values (Preview)
  11. JEP 448: Vector API (Sixth Incubator)
  12. JEP 449: Deprecate the Windows 32-bit x86 Port for Removal
  13. JEP 451: Prepare to Disallow the Dynamic Loading of Agents
  14. JEP 452: Key Encapsulation Mechanism API
  15. JEP 453: Structured Concurrency (Preview)

JEP 445, previewing unnamed classes, allows for a barebones Main class without boilerplate code:

void main() { System.out.println("Hello, World!"); }

instead of :

public class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello, World!"); } }

Java 21 updates

Table of Java 21 updates
ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 214712023-09-19Initial release
Java SE 21.0.14722023-10-17Other notes
  • Added Certigna Root CA Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
  • Increase Default Value of the System Property jdk.jar.maxSignatureFileSize (security-libs/java.security)

Bug fixes

  • 40 bug fixes473
Java SE 21.0.24742024-01-16New features
  • TCP_KEEPxxxx Extended Socket Options Are Now Supported on the Windows Platform (core-libs/java.net)

Known issues

  • Potential Performance Regression Due to Limited Range Check Elimination (hotspot/compiler)

Issues fixed

  • ZGC: Reintroduced Support for Non-Default ObjectAlignmentInBytes (hotspot/compiler)

Other notes

  • Added Four Root Certificates from DigiCert, Inc. (security-libs/java.security)
  • Added Three Root Certificates from eMudhra Technologies Limited (security-libs/java.security)
  • Added Telia Root CA v2 Certificate (security-libs/java.security)
  • Added ISRG Root X2 CA Certificate from Let's Encrypt (security-libs/java.security)
  • NMT: Make Peak Values Available in Release Builds (hotspot/runtime)
  • Add User Facing Warning If THPs Are Enabled but Cannot Be Used (hotspot/runtime)

Bug fixes

  • 74 bug fixes475
Java SE 21.0.34762024-04-16New features
  • Update XML Security for Java to 3.0.3 (security-libs/javax.crypto)

Known issues

  • jpackage Apps May Fail to Build on Debian Linux Distros Due to Missing Shared Libraries (tools/jpackage)

Other notes

  • AWT SystemTray API Is Not Supported on Most Linux Desktops (client-libs/java.awt)
  • Added Certainly R1 and E1 Root Certificates (security-libs/java.security)
  • Align javac with the Java Language Specification by Rejecting final in Record Patterns (tools/javac)

Updates to Third Party Libraries

  • FreeType 2.13.2 (java.desktop)
  • Xalan Java 2.7.3 (java.xml)
  • XML Security for Java 3.0.3 (java.xml.crypto)

Bug fixes

  • 27 bug fixes477
Java SE 21.0.44782024-07-16
Java SE 21.0.54792024-10-15
Java SE 21.0.64802025-01-21
Java SE 21.0.74812025-04-15

Java SE 22

Java 22 was released on March 19, 2024.482483 The following features, or JEPs, were added with this release:

  1. JEP 423: Region Pinning for G1
  2. JEP 447: Statements before super(...) (Preview)
  3. JEP 454: Foreign Function & Memory API
  4. JEP 456: Unnamed Variables & Patterns
  5. JEP 457: Class-File API (Preview)
  6. JEP 458: Launch Multi-File Source-Code Programs
  7. JEP 459: String Templates (Second Preview)
  8. JEP 460: Vector API (Seventh Incubator)
  9. JEP 461: Stream Gatherers (Preview)
  10. JEP 462: Structured Concurrency (Second Preview)
  11. JEP 463: Implicitly Declared Classes and Instance Main Methods (Second Preview)
  12. JEP 464: Scoped Values (Second Preview)

An API related to Java's threading implementation, java.lang.Thread.countStackFrames, was removed.484485

Java SE 23

Java 23 was released on September 17, 2024,486487488 with the following JEPs:

  1. JEP 455: Primitive Types in Patterns, instanceof, and switch (Preview)
  2. JEP 466: Class-File API (Second Preview)
  3. JEP 467: Markdown Documentation Comments
  4. JEP 469: Vector API (Eighth Incubator)
  5. JEP 473: Stream Gatherers (Second Preview)
  6. JEP 471: Deprecate the Memory-Access Methods in sun.misc.Unsafe for Removal
  7. JEP 474: ZGC: Generational Mode by Default
  8. JEP 476: Module Import Declarations (Preview)
  9. JEP 477: Implicitly Declared Classes and Instance Main Methods (Third Preview)
  10. JEP 480: Structured Concurrency (Third Preview)
  11. JEP 481: Scoped Values (Third Preview)
  12. JEP 482: Flexible Constructor Bodies (Second Preview)

The String Templates preview feature was removed in Java 23 due to issues with the design of the feature.489

Java SE 24

The specification for Java 24 was finalized in December 2024, with 24 JEPs making it into the release and it was released on 18 March 2025.490

The following JEPs were targeted to this version of Java SE:491

  1. JEP 404: Generational Shenandoah (Experimental)
  2. JEP 450: Compact Object Headers (Experimental) (formerly known as Project Lilliput)
  3. JEP 472: Prepare to Restrict the Use of JNI
  4. JEP 475: Late Barrier Expansion for G1
  5. JEP 478: Key Derivation Function API (Preview)
  6. JEP 479: Remove the Windows 32-bit x86 Port
  7. JEP 483: Ahead-of-Time Class Loading & Linking
  8. JEP 484: Class-File API
  9. JEP 485: Stream Gatherers
  10. JEP 486: Permanently Disable the Security Manager
  11. JEP 487: Scoped Values (Fourth Preview)
  12. JEP 488: Primitive Types in Patterns, instanceof, and switch (Second Preview)
  13. JEP 489: Vector API (Ninth Incubator)
  14. JEP 490: ZGC: Remove the Non-Generational Mode
  15. JEP 491: Synchronize Virtual Threads without Pinning
  16. JEP 492: Flexible Constructor Bodies (Third Preview)
  17. JEP 493: Linking Run-Time Images without JMODs
  18. JEP 494: Module Import Declarations (Second Preview)
  19. JEP 495: Simple Source Files and Instance Main Methods (Fourth Preview)
  20. JEP 496: Quantum-Resistant Module-Lattice-Based Key Encapsulation Mechanism
  21. JEP 497: Quantum-Resistant Module-Lattice-Based Digital Signature Algorithm
  22. JEP 498: Warn upon Use of Memory-Access Methods in sun.misc.Unsafe
  23. JEP 499: Structured Concurrency (Fourth Preview)
  24. JEP 501: Deprecate the 32-bit x86 Port for Removal

Java SE 25 (LTS)

As of December 2024, the specification for Java 25 has not yet been finalized. Java 25 is scheduled for release in September 2025.492

Future features

  • Project Valhalla: Value classes, whose objects lack identity, but can in certain cases get an improved memory layout (with less indirection), or have their allocation optimized away entirely.
  • Project Panama:
    • Improved interoperability with native code, to enable Java source code to call functions and use data types from other languages, in a way that is easier and has better performance than today (this part of Project Panama is getting stabilized in Java 22 under JEP 454: Foreign Function & Memory API).
    • Vector API, a portable and relatively low-level abstraction layer for SIMD programming. Its stabilization is dependent on Project Valhalla.
  • Project Lilliput: Reduce the size of Java object headers. First down to 64 bits, and then down to 32 bits.
  • Reducing startup time and warm-up time (time to peak performance) in JIT mode:
    • Project CRaC enables making snapshots of whole JVM (together with the running application) and restoring it with necessary adjustments (reopening files, sockets, etc).
    • Project Leyden, among other things, will allow partial or (in the long term) full AOT compiling, reducing overall dynamism (by adopting so called "closed-world constraints") to reduce dynamic compiling overhead.
  • Project Babylon aims to extend the Java language's reach to alternative programming models with an enhancement to its reflective programming abilities, called code reflection (i.e., reflection over code itself). The stated main goal is to run Java code on GPUs, with SQL and other programming models as secondary targets.

Implementations

The officially supported Java platform, first developed at Sun and now stewarded by Oracle, is Java SE. Releases are based on the OpenJDK project, a free and open-source project with an open development model. Other Java implementations exist, however—in part due to Java's early history as proprietary software. In contrast, some implementations were created to offer some benefits over the standard implementation, often the result of some area of academic or corporate-sponsored research. Many Linux distributions include builds of OpenJDK through the IcedTea project started by Red Hat, which provides a more straightforward build and integration environment.

Visual J++ and the Microsoft Java Virtual Machine were created as incompatible implementations. After the Sun v. Microsoft lawsuit, Microsoft abandoned it and began work on the .NET platform. In 2021, Microsoft started distributing compatible "Microsoft Build of OpenJDK" for Java 11 first then also for Java 17. Their builds support not only Windows, but also Linux and macOS.

Other proprietary Java implementations are available, such as Azul's Zing. Azul offers certified open source OpenJDK builds under the Zulu moniker.

Prior to the release of OpenJDK, while Sun's implementation was still proprietary, the GNU Classpath project was created to provide a free and open-source implementation of the Java platform. Since the release of JDK 7, when OpenJDK became the official reference implementation, the original motivation for the GNU Classpath project almost completely disappeared, and its last release was in 2012.

The Apache Harmony project was started shortly before the release of OpenJDK. After Sun's initial source code release, the Harmony project continued, working to provide an implementation under a lax license, in contrast to the protective license chosen for OpenJDK. Google later developed Android and released it under a lax license. Android incorporated parts of the Harmony project, supplemented with Google's own Dalvik virtual machine and ART. Apache Harmony has since been retired, and Google has switched its Harmony components with equivalent ones from OpenJDK.

Both Jikes and Jikes RVM are open-source research projects that IBM developed.

Several other implementations exist that started as proprietary software, but are now open source. IBM initially developed OpenJ9 as the proprietary J9,493 but has since relicensed the project and donated it to the Eclipse Foundation. JRockit is a proprietary implementation that was acquired by Oracle and incorporated into subsequent OpenJDK versions.

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