January 25

<h2 id="events">Events</h2>
<h3>Pre-1600</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/AD_41/HJm5sS5c">41</a> – After a night of negotiation, <a href="/facts/Claudius/WJ31y54a">Claudius</a> is accepted as <a href="/facts/Roman_emperor/sT4nFc67">Roman emperor</a> by the <a href="/facts/Roman_Senate/NXK83zU9">Senate</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/750/3jh7lohd">750</a> – In the <a href="/facts/Battle_of_the_Zab/6K9Gdr2J">Battle of the Zab</a>, the <a href="/facts/Abbasid/mPeLAbXt">Abbasid</a> rebels defeat the <a href="/facts/Umayyad_Caliphate/gdW8JwoK">Umayyad Caliphate</a>, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1327/FbsTFJI7">1327</a> – Fourteen-year-old <a href="/facts/Edward_III_of_England/t0kwe6JY">Edward III</a> ascends the throne of England after <a href="/facts/Edward_II_of_England/fu3bqQhq">his father the king</a> is forced to abdicate by <a href="/facts/Isabella_of_France/nFVuoQl8">Queen Isabella</a> and her lover, <a href="/facts/Roger_Mortimer%2c_1st_Earl_of_March/WU4MqAYb">Roger Mortimer</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1348/MFkKx6Ux">1348</a> – A <a href="/facts/1348_Friuli_earthquake/BKba8IGG">strong earthquake</a> strikes the South Alpine region of <a href="/facts/Friuli/QIEb31Vs">Friuli</a> in modern <a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF">Italy</a>, causing considerable damage to buildings as far away as Rome.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1479/HLqDWfUM">1479</a> – The <a href="/facts/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1479)/AY0Tqtt1">Treaty of Constantinople</a> ends the 16-year-long <a href="/facts/First_Ottoman%25E2%2580%2593Venetian_War/ka9Vr14U">First Ottoman–Venetian War</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1494/1bXWyJm7">1494</a> – <a href="/facts/Alfonso_II_of_Naples/dqld79lx">Alfonso II</a> becomes King of <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Naples/9NtrlFp7">Naples</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1515/cCn87AJc">1515</a> – <a href="/facts/Coronation_of_the_French_monarch/SNlhHN8A">Coronation</a> of <a href="/facts/Francis_I_of_France/US9aL69h">Francis I of France</a> takes place at <a href="/facts/Reims_Cathedral/rPk5zY93">Reims Cathedral</a>, where the new monarch is anointed with the oil of Clovis and girt with the sword of <a href="/facts/Charlemagne/o0PlxScC">Charlemagne</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1533/T3w40EML">1533</a> – <a href="/facts/Henry_VIII_of_England/LFgGAjh0">Henry VIII of England</a> secretly marries his second wife <a href="/facts/Anne_Boleyn/zN7ssVCS">Anne Boleyn</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1554/HS1Qbd6X">1554</a> – <a href="/facts/S%25C3%25A3o_Paulo/pPqRTTR0">São Paulo</a>, Brazil, is founded by <a href="/facts/Jesuit/n0PeYBB8">Jesuit</a> priests.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1573/NKowmIfP">1573</a> – <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Mikatagahara/9xJnKakN">Battle of Mikatagahara</a>: In Japan, <a href="/facts/Takeda_Shingen/kQ9yatKW">Takeda Shingen</a> defeats <a href="/facts/Tokugawa_Ieyasu/9N1Eqplx">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1575/xBuhPn0F">1575</a> – <a href="/facts/Luanda/qaGR7W7r">Luanda</a>, the capital of <a href="/facts/Angola/PQrYRHMd">Angola</a>, is founded by the Portuguese navigator <a href="/facts/Paulo_Dias_de_Novais/xYzjyxBL">Paulo Dias de Novais</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1585/B0souFk1">1585</a> – <a href="/facts/Walter_Raleigh/4XLgHJI1">Walter Raleigh</a> is knighted, shortly after renaming North America region "Virginia", in honor of Elizabeth I, Queen of England, sometimes referred to as the "Virgin Queen".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a></li></ul>
<h3>1601–1900</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/1704/V0v8tg47">1704</a> – The <a href="/facts/Apalachee_massacre/FmwcKgDk">Apalachee massacre</a>: A combined British and <a href="/facts/Muscogee/rh6VII7Q">Muscogee</a> force from the <a href="/facts/Province_of_Carolina/k1yhWsQD">Province of Carolina</a> destroys the main fortified <a href="/facts/Christian_mission/xaxfBxWk">mission</a> of Ayubale, breaking Spain's hold on <a href="/facts/Spanish_Florida/DxLLoHzk">Spanish Florida</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1787/I2GaPFfB">1787</a> – <a href="/facts/Shays%2527_Rebellion/PYCe7cru">Shays' Rebellion</a>: The rebellion's largest confrontation, outside the <a href="/facts/Springfield_Armory/wk5kUfCX">Springfield Armory</a>, results in the killing of four rebels and the wounding of twenty.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1791/h2byaFmA">1791</a> – The <a href="/facts/Parliament_of_Great_Britain/CnrgvNVg">British Parliament</a> passes the <a href="/facts/Constitutional_Act_of_1791/nsaB5yy3">Constitutional Act of 1791</a> and splits the old <a href="/facts/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%25E2%2580%259391)/XotFxQpB">Province of Quebec</a> into <a href="/facts/Upper_Canada/CYYTDQN5">Upper Canada</a> and <a href="/facts/Lower_Canada/GuUt6DQp">Lower Canada</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1792/YszyqCQ7">1792</a> – The <a href="/facts/London_Corresponding_Society/zRqCaEXm">London Corresponding Society</a> is founded.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1819/H4JYLWFl">1819</a> – <a href="/facts/University_of_Virginia/SPNDITbg">University of Virginia</a> chartered by Commonwealth of Virginia, with <a href="/facts/Thomas_Jefferson/8yxtcjKK">Thomas Jefferson</a> one of its founders.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1858/aj3BJQlx">1858</a> – The <a href="/facts/Wedding_March_(Mendelssohn)/G78lU12X">Wedding March</a> by <a href="/facts/Felix_Mendelssohn/vYF5sApb">Felix Mendelssohn</a> is played at the marriage of <a href="/facts/Queen_Victoria/CgxSlQ4g">Queen Victoria</a>'s daughter, <a href="/facts/Victoria%2c_Princess_Royal/0Bl6Wbpl">Victoria</a>, and <a href="/facts/Frederick_III%2c_German_Emperor/lfx61cCn">Friedrich of Prussia</a>, and becomes a popular <a href="/facts/Wedding_procession/ghEP0M5y">wedding processional</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1879/f5X2q52U">1879</a> – The <a href="/facts/Bulgarian_National_Bank/udBGgNdv">Bulgarian National Bank</a> is founded.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1881/s9tMgWvd">1881</a> – <a href="/facts/Thomas_Edison/IeDbdyP4">Thomas Edison</a> and <a href="/facts/Alexander_Graham_Bell/oQer2abq">Alexander Graham Bell</a> form the <a href="/facts/Oriental_Telephone_Company/ohsC2qoQ">Oriental Telephone Company</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1890/v0MY7EwC">1890</a> – <a href="/facts/Nellie_Bly/tmVFN6d5">Nellie Bly</a> completes her <a href="/facts/Circumnavigation/8R6vSgTM">round-the-world journey</a> in 72 days.</li></ul>
<h3>1901–present</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/1909/EYEK0tGS">1909</a> – <a href="/facts/Richard_Strauss/NjuRNBGm">Richard Strauss</a>'s opera <a href="/facts/Elektra_(opera)/xpvJTEUF">Elektra</a> receives its debut performance at the <a href="/facts/Semperoper/Q6AhDxJX">Dresden State Opera</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1915/slMK9ba3">1915</a> – <a href="/facts/Alexander_Graham_Bell/oQer2abq">Alexander Graham Bell</a> inaugurates U.S. transcontinental telephone service, speaking from New York to <a href="/facts/Thomas_A._Watson/VEIabvFQ">Thomas Watson</a> in San Francisco.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1917/f4XunIGQ">1917</a> – Sinking of the <a href="/facts/SS_Laurentic_(1908)/v5FP0nLp">SS Laurentic</a> after hitting two German mines off the coast of northwest Ireland.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1918/eIGlxNIx">1918</a> – The <a href="/facts/Ukrainian_People%2527s_Republic/mQqN2T4v">Ukrainian People's Republic</a> declares independence from <a href="/facts/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic/W9pC4bK6">Soviet Russia</a>.</li>
<li>1918 – The <a href="/facts/Finnish_Defence_Forces/wkrcgMlY">Finnish Defence Forces</a> (The <a href="/facts/White_Guard_(Finland)/cSGNQBKj">White Guards</a>) are established as the official army of <a href="/facts/Finland/G5Ak6T91">independent Finland</a>, and Baron <a href="/facts/Carl_Gustaf_Emil_Mannerheim/W6DxQTaI">C. G. E. Mannerheim</a> is appointed its Commander-in-Chief.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1924/lArFYWHI">1924</a> – The <a href="/facts/1924_Winter_Olympics/N4HNhU8w">1924 Winter Olympics</a> opens in <a href="/facts/Chamonix/g99cE5UE">Chamonix</a>, in the <a href="/facts/French_Alps/yLlk0X43">French Alps</a>, inaugurating the <a href="/facts/Winter_Olympic_Games/JskTrBDS">Winter Olympic Games</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1932/XlUMqV5p">1932</a> – <a href="/facts/Second_Sino-Japanese_War/QgPmgfHa">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>: The <a href="/facts/Republic_of_China_(1912%25E2%2580%259349)/NgEhkXWz">Chinese</a> <a href="/facts/National_Revolutionary_Army/VXRMApfg">National Revolutionary Army</a> begins the <a href="/facts/Defense_of_Harbin/x2n3bQEk">defense of Harbin</a>.</li>
<li>1932 – <a href="/facts/Alt_Llobregat_insurrection/g0pEBAQY">Alt Llobregat insurrection</a> suppressed in <a href="/facts/Central_Catalonia/I4QDnYVB">Central Catalonia</a>, <a href="/facts/Second_Spanish_Republic/KruSyR1g">Spain</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1937/BUX8Hwbf">1937</a> – <a href="/facts/The_Guiding_Light/eewtSXn0">The Guiding Light</a> debuts on <a href="/facts/NBC/zyfTYCvW">NBC</a> radio from <a href="/facts/Chicago/yPMokrXH">Chicago</a>. In 1952 it moves to <a href="/facts/CBS/BhMsVoej">CBS</a> television, where it remains until September 18, 2009.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1941/MxJwh6rk">1941</a> – <a href="/facts/Pope_Pius_XII/k2XgCEy2">Pope Pius XII</a> elevates the <a href="/facts/Apostolic_Vicariate_of_the_Hawaiian_Islands/tarTb8AM">Apostolic Vicariate of the Hawaiian Islands</a> to the dignity of a <a href="/facts/Diocese/Uts2PByI">diocese</a>. It becomes the <a href="/facts/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Honolulu/JoUJqDDC">Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1942/Hv8rLssG">1942</a> – <a href="/facts/World_War_II/2efV5L1U">World War II</a>: <a href="/facts/Thailand_in_World_War_II/X1jQIA3a">Thailand declares war</a> on the United States and United Kingdom.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1945/w7Rc9CUl">1945</a> – World War II: The <a href="/facts/Battle_of_the_Bulge/GaWpNaw5">Battle of the Bulge</a> ends.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1946/BnTf4qUs">1946</a> – The <a href="/facts/United_Mine_Workers/bzf0zRnh">United Mine Workers</a> rejoins the <a href="/facts/American_Federation_of_Labor/sp5G4gWr">American Federation of Labor</a>.</li>
<li>1946 – <a href="/facts/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1/uJFTWEan">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1</a> relating to <a href="/facts/Military_Staff_Committee/GD4PoXc8">Military Staff Committee</a> is adopted.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1947/Wy1AYbDz">1947</a> – <a href="/facts/Thomas_T._Goldsmith%2c_Jr./ctYgWcSA">Thomas Goldsmith Jr.</a> files a patent for a "<a href="/facts/Cathode_Ray_Tube/8NVGx5C7">Cathode Ray Tube</a> Amusement Device", the first ever <a href="/facts/Electronic_game/XIAdg3at">electronic game</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1949/25neuEUm">1949</a> – The first <a href="/facts/Emmy_Award/M6GvMDJc">Emmy Awards</a> are presented in the United States; the venue is the <a href="/facts/Hollywood_Athletic_Club/0K47hLhC">Hollywood Athletic Club</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1960/H5oTKVEk">1960</a> – The <a href="/facts/National_Association_of_Broadcasters/6zmN2Et3">National Association of Broadcasters</a> in the United States reacts to the "<a href="/facts/Payola/08SsmXdd">payola</a>" scandal by threatening fines for any <a href="/facts/Disc_jockey/5YYYRqPB">disc jockeys</a> who accept money for playing particular records.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1961/aVtANPeE">1961</a> – In Washington, D.C., US President <a href="/facts/John_F._Kennedy/1cdDaswg">John F. Kennedy</a> delivers the first live presidential television <a href="/facts/News_conference/s4QAx3bb">news conference</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1964/3juQ3GsC">1964</a> – <a href="/facts/Blue_Ribbon_Sports/uBaRcBM2">Blue Ribbon Sports</a>, which would later become <a href="/facts/Nike%2c_Inc./uBaRcBM2">Nike</a>, is founded by <a href="/facts/University_of_Oregon/Y2bxdILd">University of Oregon</a> track and field athletes.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1967/dmIuJ9Qy">1967</a> – <a href="/facts/South_Vietnam/2QwTFmzd">South Vietnamese</a> junta leader and Prime Minister <a href="/facts/Nguyen_Cao_Ky/AEH70bQJ">Nguyen Cao Ky</a> fires rival, Deputy Prime Minister and Defence Minister <a href="/facts/Nguyen_Huu_Co/P3YM1xQA">Nguyen Huu Co</a>, while the latter is overseas on a diplomatic visit.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1969/Qunmv17a">1969</a> – <a href="/facts/Brazilian_Army/kvp62YFW">Brazilian Army</a> captain <a href="/facts/Carlos_Lamarca/pJuevq9h">Carlos Lamarca</a> deserts in order to fight against the <a href="/facts/Brazilian_military_government/fQkTYVjF">military dictatorship</a>, taking with him ten machine guns and 63 rifles.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1971/436B8JtH">1971</a> – <a href="/facts/Charles_Manson/KjU7EQS4">Charles Manson</a> and four "<a href="/facts/Manson_Family/V05KKVuv">Family</a>" members (three of them female) are found guilty of the 1969 <a href="/facts/Tate%25E2%2580%2593LaBianca_murders/hHPmwJxR">Tate–LaBianca murders</a>.</li>
<li>1971 – <a href="/facts/Idi_Amin/gjvrcmu6">Idi Amin</a> leads a <a href="/facts/1971_Ugandan_coup_d%2527%25C3%25A9tat/Kjetu64r">coup</a> deposing <a href="/facts/Milton_Obote/ln8KQrX1">Milton Obote</a> and becomes <a href="/facts/Uganda/PabdegRm">Uganda</a>'s president.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1979/V4o6YhYF">1979</a> – <a href="/facts/Pope_John_Paul_II/Md3PoDuj">Pope John Paul II</a> starts his first official <a href="/facts/List_of_pastoral_visits_of_Pope_John_Paul_II/XC3jf7s0">papal visits</a> outside Italy to <a href="/facts/The_Bahamas/x6VKsUhj">The Bahamas</a>, <a href="/facts/Dominican_Republic/u36V3Nsb">Dominican Republic</a>, and <a href="/facts/Mexico/IT5bwhdh">Mexico</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1980/LlDU6MAx">1980</a> – <a href="/facts/Mother_Teresa/zGCVkvHv">Mother Teresa</a> is honored with India's highest civilian award, the <a href="/facts/Bharat_Ratna/YX7HcwS5">Bharat Ratna</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1986/8uT5tERV">1986</a> – The <a href="/facts/National_Resistance_Movement/HeJWM4GC">National Resistance Movement</a> topples the government of <a href="/facts/Tito_Okello/2YXJFTC2">Tito Okello</a> in <a href="/facts/Uganda/PabdegRm">Uganda</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1990/ySbaqvwp">1990</a> – <a href="/facts/Avianca_Flight_052/HvoPBMgJ">Avianca Flight 052</a> crashes in <a href="/facts/Cove_Neck%2c_New_York/fco9kNXC">Cove Neck, New York</a>, killing 73.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1993/8gXvDoaz">1993</a> – <a href="/facts/1993_shootings_at_CIA_Headquarters/Bu0rFYUE">Five people are shot</a> outside the <a href="/facts/CIA_Headquarters/Ky2K0BvL">CIA Headquarters</a> in <a href="/facts/Langley%2c_Virginia/TqNCQeGb">Langley, Virginia</a>. Two are killed and three wounded.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1994/DHYvCLxY">1994</a> – The spacecraft <a href="/facts/Clementine_(spacecraft)/XXUnPkpG">Clementine</a> by <a href="/facts/BMDO/FFTqhNyP">BMDO</a> and <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a> is launched.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1995/d3Qass5d">1995</a> – The <a href="/facts/Norwegian_rocket_incident/B26mUtyE">Norwegian rocket incident</a>: Russia almost launches a <a href="/facts/Nuclear_weapon/QVdBcMdm">nuclear</a> attack after it mistakes <a href="/facts/Black_Brant_XII/mxjN9D4v">Black Brant XII</a>, a <a href="/facts/Norway/wlDRKRTR">Norwegian</a> <a href="/facts/Research_rocket/em1GgGND">research rocket</a>, for a US <a href="/facts/Trident_(missile)/5CL2CCGA">Trident missile</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1996/qrQNaXmK">1996</a> – <a href="/facts/Billy_Bailey/4Kb96sf4">Billy Bailey</a> becomes the last person to be hanged in the United States.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1998/m0E92lbX">1998</a> – During a historic visit to Cuba, <a href="/facts/Pope_John_Paul_II/Md3PoDuj">Pope John Paul II</a> demands political reforms and the release of political prisoners while condemning US attempts to isolate the country.</li>
<li>1998 – A suicide attack by the <a href="/facts/Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam/rWpNHtoI">Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam</a> on <a href="/facts/Sri_Lanka/VtTBmysE">Sri Lanka</a>'s <a href="/facts/Temple_of_the_Tooth/F4fdVqrl">Temple of the Tooth</a> kills eight and injures 25 others.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1999/pc1BDf3P">1999</a> – A 6.0 <a href="/facts/Moment_magnitude/jLCldUuF">magnitude</a> <a href="/facts/1999_Armenia%2c_Colombia_earthquake/oGc83G3y">earthquake</a> hits western <a href="/facts/Colombia/nl7r8Q2u">Colombia</a> killing at least 1,000.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2003/jR4SwKlP">2003</a> – <a href="/facts/2003_invasion_of_Iraq/V9zysaV1">Invasion of Iraq</a>: A group of people leave London, England, for <a href="/facts/Baghdad/RbtLzzHe">Baghdad</a>, Iraq, to <a href="/facts/Human_shield_action_to_Iraq/FWjuzTSQ">serve as human shields</a>, intending to prevent the U.S.-led <a href="/facts/Coalition_of_the_willing/fj4LKNUM">coalition</a> troops from bombing certain locations.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2005/gV0sNsas">2005</a> – A <a href="/facts/Mandher_Devi_temple_stampede/PqfsM0vV">stampede</a> at the <a href="/facts/Mandhradevi/avoplDy0">Mandhradevi</a> temple in <a href="/facts/Maharashtra/4hAVYlb4">Maharashtra</a>, India kills at least 258.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2006/3BeSooyh">2006</a> – Mexican <a href="/facts/Lucha_libre/7ISq4lI2">professional wrestler</a> <a href="/facts/Juana_Barraza/I1E6rJHf">Juana Barraza</a> is arrested in connection with the <a href="/facts/Serial_killer/3Sr3d6Vo">serial killing</a> of at least ten elderly women.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2010/aNH2Is5x">2010</a> – <a href="/facts/Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_409/4rw9JaJA">Ethiopian Airlines Flight 409</a> crashes into the <a href="/facts/Mediterranean_Sea/Vr2pzVbM">Mediterranean Sea</a> off the coast of <a href="/facts/Haret_en_Naameh/gpIXDJwD">Na'ameh</a>, Lebanon, killing 90.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/2011/GAc8rcgs">2011</a> – The <a href="/facts/Timeline_of_the_Egyptian_Revolution_of_2011/UluM3JMN">first wave</a> of the <a href="/facts/Egyptian_Revolution_of_2011/gnr0mnJe">Egyptian revolution</a> begins throughout the country, marked by street demonstrations, rallies, acts of civil disobedience, riots, labour strikes, and violent clashes.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2013/eQaDXDHl">2013</a> – At least 50 people are killed and 120 people are injured in a <a href="/facts/2013_Uribana_prison_riot/FMVak4Ab">prison riot</a> in <a href="/facts/Barquisimeto/VI6PYIEE">Barquisimeto</a>, Venezuela.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2015/bcMDMUaf">2015</a> – A <a href="/facts/2015_Mamasapano_clash/VmKMtGF7">clash</a> in <a href="/facts/Mamasapano%2c_Maguindanao/2trSaq2j">Mamasapano, Maguindanao</a> in the Philippines kills 44 members of <a href="/facts/Special_Action_Force/tYrrEUWI">Special Action Force</a> (SAF), at least 18 from the <a href="/facts/Moro_Islamic_Liberation_Front/Ezwp9MQy">Moro Islamic Liberation Front</a> and five from the <a href="/facts/Bangsamoro_Islamic_Freedom_Fighters/XKeuuAYS">Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2019/HR1M318D">2019</a> – A mining company's dam <a href="/facts/Brumadinho_dam_disaster/uEB2NCSS">collapses</a> in <a href="/facts/Brumadinho/MHRFCazC">Brumadinho</a>, Brazil, a south-eastern city, killing 270 people.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="births">Births</h2>
<h3>Pre-1600</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/750/3jh7lohd">750</a> – <a href="/facts/Leo_IV_the_Khazar/McIx4pLC">Leo IV the Khazar</a>, Byzantine emperor (died 780)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1408/d5WXBp9g">1408</a> – <a href="/facts/Katharina_of_Hanau/xB1m7Sm2">Katharina of Hanau</a>, German countess regent (died 1460)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1459/FlCpw3lm">1459</a> – <a href="/facts/Paul_Hofhaimer/bp0I3WLu">Paul Hofhaimer</a>, Austrian organist and composer (died 1537)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1477/trlly14A">1477</a> – <a href="/facts/Anne_of_Brittany/asld1fES">Anne of Brittany</a> (probable;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a> (died 1514)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1509/x4ggjo7P">1509</a> – <a href="/facts/Giovanni_Morone/xo3xlXNl">Giovanni Morone</a>, Italian cardinal (died 1580)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1526/kXVFDxwC">1526</a> – <a href="/facts/Adolf%2c_Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp/Ekq9uDAW">Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp</a> (died 1586)</li></ul>
<h3>1601–1900</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/1615/uYoqjm4b">1615</a> – <a href="/facts/Govert_Flinck/nyrs00o3">Govert Flinck</a>, Dutch painter (died 1660)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1627/PPnUbIBN">1627</a> – <a href="/facts/Robert_Boyle/6tUs448C">Robert Boyle</a>, Anglo-Irish chemist and physicist (died 1691)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1634/JXS0AULk">1634</a> – <a href="/facts/Gaspar_Fagel/mVGm4XQE">Gaspar Fagel</a>, Dutch politician and diplomat (died 1688)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1635/awnBoRDl">1635</a> – <a href="/facts/Daniel_Casper_von_Lohenstein/7MsQemtU">Daniel Casper von Lohenstein</a>, German writer, diplomat and lawyer (died 1683)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1640/aDj0dRLH">1640</a> – <a href="/facts/William_Cavendish%2c_1st_Duke_of_Devonshire/TKtMJuLU">William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire</a>, English soldier and politician, <a href="/facts/Lord_Steward/oySRYmzp">Lord Steward of the Household</a> (died 1707)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1736/M3t1lv4R">1736</a> – <a href="/facts/Joseph-Louis_Lagrange/bTQUaSTv">Joseph-Louis Lagrange</a>, Italian-French mathematician and astronomer (died 1813)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1739/kSVcTVLa">1739</a> – <a href="/facts/Charles_Fran%25C3%25A7ois_Dumouriez/X0faHLDs">Charles François Dumouriez</a>, French general and politician, <a href="/facts/Minister_of_Defence_(France)/MFVkmcy6">French Minister of Defence</a> (died 1823)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1743/1Mm12P56">1743</a> – <a href="/facts/Friedrich_Heinrich_Jacobi/GncIlpkt">Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi</a>, German philosopher and author (died 1819)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1750/AMwP0Emy">1750</a> – <a href="/facts/Johann_Gottfried_Vierling/9EY473mS">Johann Gottfried Vierling</a>, German organist and composer (died 1813)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1755/qnLBCdHC">1755</a> – <a href="/facts/Paolo_Mascagni/agXe113R">Paolo Mascagni</a>, Italian physician and anatomist (probable;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a> (died 1815)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1759/1Sk6uILL">1759</a> – <a href="/facts/Robert_Burns/IyBzAAPj">Robert Burns</a>, Scottish poet and songwriter (died 1796)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1783/etHoALjY">1783</a> – <a href="/facts/William_Colgate/urTLC3PC">William Colgate</a>, English-American businessman and philanthropist, founded <a href="/facts/Colgate-Palmolive/BlXKtc0v">Colgate-Palmolive</a> (died 1857)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1794/9u6HxdjY">1794</a> – <a href="/facts/Fran%25C3%25A7ois-Vincent_Raspail/DyfBmYT4">François-Vincent Raspail</a>, French chemist, physician, physiologist, and lawyer (died 1878)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1796/xe4bVvGg">1796</a> – <a href="/facts/William_MacGillivray/U0NXXWJn">William MacGillivray</a>, Scottish ornithologist and biologist (died 1852)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1813/24mtbexz">1813</a> – <a href="/facts/J._Marion_Sims/pJatPXXD">J. Marion Sims</a>, American gynecologist and physician (died 1883)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1816/dPVlnRvX">1816</a> – <a href="/facts/Anna_Gardner/fltHuaaK">Anna Gardner</a>, American abolitionist and teacher (died 1901)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1822/zW0hg5wI">1822</a> – <a href="/facts/Charles_Reed_Bishop/77RU480c">Charles Reed Bishop</a>, American businessman, philanthropist, and politician, founded the <a href="/facts/Bishop_Museum/W82jQ5rf">Bishop Museum</a> (died 1915)</li>
<li>1822 – <a href="/facts/William_McDougall_(politician%2c_born_1822)/mEj4oCvs">William McDougall</a>, Canadian lawyer and politician, <a href="/facts/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_the_Northwest_Territories/NYzpStgM">Lieutenant Governor of the Northwest Territories</a> (died 1905)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1823/jrk4eX9n">1823</a> – <a href="/facts/Jos%25C3%25A9_Mar%25C3%25ADa_Iglesias/kab1Eey7">José María Iglesias</a>, Mexican politician and interim President (died 1891)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1824/S9leuJfU">1824</a> – <a href="/facts/Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt/Dfwd9vqw">Michael Madhusudan Dutt</a>, Indian poet and playwright (died 1873)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1841/lguRyJWD">1841</a> – <a href="/facts/John_Fisher%2c_1st_Baron_Fisher/8IMGLh1m">John Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher</a>, English admiral (died 1920)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1858/aj3BJQlx">1858</a> – <a href="/facts/Mikimoto_K%25C5%258Dkichi/PGnsYCew">Mikimoto Kōkichi</a>, Japanese businessman (died 1954)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1860/4dczHW4c">1860</a> – <a href="/facts/Charles_Curtis/15cQjqpf">Charles Curtis</a>, American lawyer and politician, 31st <a href="/facts/Vice_President_of_the_United_States/tYWUGv0A">Vice President of the United States</a> (died 1936)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1864/xmYu2SP5">1864</a> – <a href="/facts/Julije_Kempf/IxHGc4jW">Julije Kempf</a>, Croatian historian and author (died 1934)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1868/ASf6q2lV">1868</a> – <a href="/facts/Juventino_Rosas/XzEelnlJ">Juventino Rosas</a>, Mexican violinist and composer (died 1894)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1874/GbknNJo8">1874</a> – <a href="/facts/W._Somerset_Maugham/RBQaJVjF">W. Somerset Maugham</a>, British playwright, novelist, and short story writer (died 1965)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1878/rnlYq7CQ">1878</a> – <a href="/facts/Ernst_Alexanderson/FVo9RL1u">Ernst Alexanderson</a>, Swedish-American engineer (died 1975)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1882/TB4gUPdw">1882</a> – <a href="/facts/Virginia_Woolf/zILeLKW9">Virginia Woolf</a>, English novelist, essayist, short story writer, and critic (died 1941)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1885/0f7HxjrW">1885</a> – <a href="/facts/Kitahara_Hakush%25C5%25AB/QAWC4ugx">Kitahara Hakushū</a>, Japanese poet and author (died 1942)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1886/Dq24GK25">1886</a> – <a href="/facts/Wilhelm_Furtw%25C3%25A4ngler/fS3fymha">Wilhelm Furtwängler</a>, German conductor and composer (died 1954)</li>
<li>1886 – <a href="/facts/Dean_Ivan_Lamb/JA1RTAnq">Dean Ivan Lamb</a>, American pioneer pilot and <a href="/facts/Mercenary/uQSfwcDR">mercenary</a> (died 1955)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1894/4e9bljQh">1894</a> – <a href="/facts/Aino_Aalto/Id49wUNv">Aino Aalto</a>, Finnish architect and designer (died 1949)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1895/q4F6bTdq">1895</a> – <a href="/facts/Florence_Mills/tKv23mpt">Florence Mills</a>, American singer, dancer, and actress (died 1927)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1899/mrg9Bavy">1899</a> – <a href="/facts/Sleepy_John_Estes/mvSzgjoG">Sleepy John Estes</a>, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1977)</li>
<li>1899 – <a href="/facts/Paul-Henri_Spaak/6LvuRHF4">Paul-Henri Spaak</a>, Belgian lawyer and politician, 46th <a href="/facts/Prime_Minister_of_Belgium/AloNS24Y">Prime Minister of Belgium</a> (died 1972)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1900/vjRuWbwa">1900</a> – <a href="/facts/Istv%25C3%25A1n_Fekete/bTP19m7c">István Fekete</a>, Hungarian author (died 1970)</li>
<li>1900 – <a href="/facts/Y%25C5%258Djir%25C5%258D_Ishizaka/IPvC8JSq">Yōjirō Ishizaka</a>, Japanese author and educator (died 1986)</li>
<li>1900 – <a href="/facts/Theodosius_Dobzhansky/Fhg9o8hA">Theodosius Dobzhansky</a>, Russian-American geneticist and pioneer of evolutionary biology (died 1975)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a></li></ul>
<h3>1901–present</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/1901/Tf0A3lMq">1901</a> – <a href="/facts/Mildred_Dunnock/eMNQQmHv">Mildred Dunnock</a>, American actress (died 1991)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1905/o7XdVa8l">1905</a> – <a href="/facts/Maurice_Roy/bUgRtpbM">Maurice Roy</a>, Canadian cardinal (died 1985)</li>
<li>1905 – <a href="/facts/Margery_Sharp/k1buGPSu">Margery Sharp</a>, English author and educator (died 1991)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1905/o7XdVa8l">1905</a> – <a href="/facts/Sava_Kova%25C4%258Devi%25C4%2587/0AjRMSCQ">Sava Kovačević</a>, Yugoslav Partisan divisional commander and <a href="/facts/People%2527s_Hero_of_Yugoslavia/oUEfe4UM">People's Hero of Yugoslavia</a> (died 1943)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1906/dCqcXjCc">1906</a> – <a href="/facts/Toni_Ulmen/oypn3NHz">Toni Ulmen</a>, German racing driver and motorcycle racer (died 1976)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1908/y2Yvla5J">1908</a> – <a href="/facts/Hsieh_Tung-min/x5LC03rx">Hsieh Tung-min</a>, Taiwanese politician and <a href="/facts/Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_China/afyITS29">Vice President of the Republic of China</a> (died 2001)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1910/Kovl3GRp">1910</a> – <a href="/facts/Edgar_V._Saks/PuAnIj52">Edgar V. Saks</a>, Estonian historian, author, and politician, <a href="/facts/Minister_of_Education_and_Research_(Estonia)/fyjXI1s1">Estonian Minister of Education</a> (died 1984)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1913/TJLNwLcE">1913</a> – <a href="/facts/Huang_Hua_(politician)/bNLGXoWh">Huang Hua</a>, Chinese translator and politician, 5th <a href="/facts/Foreign_Minister_of_the_People%2527s_Republic_of_China/6TpK4day">Foreign Minister of the People's Republic of China</a> (died 2010)</li>
<li>1913 – <a href="/facts/Witold_Lutos%25C5%2582awski/aI6fCDbW">Witold Lutosławski</a>, Polish composer and conductor (died 1994)</li>
<li>1913 – <a href="/facts/Luis_Marden/kBsGY8v2">Luis Marden</a>, American photographer and journalist (died 2003)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1914/VNGWH7j3">1914</a> – <a href="/facts/William_Strickland_(conductor)/Wh6y42uR">William Strickland</a>, American conductor and organist (died 1991)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1915/slMK9ba3">1915</a> – <a href="/facts/Ewan_MacColl/qrwlyEVD">Ewan MacColl</a>, English singer-songwriter, actor and producer (died 1989)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1916/Vfq2LjJ1">1916</a> – <a href="/facts/Pop_Ivy/Dq4lMdDo">Pop Ivy</a>, American football player and coach (died 2003)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1917/f4XunIGQ">1917</a> – <a href="/facts/Ilya_Prigogine/m5PNqoWp">Ilya Prigogine</a>, Russian-Belgian chemist and physicist, <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry/8Nb8Ajjy">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (died 2003)</li>
<li>1917 – <a href="/facts/J%25C3%25A2nio_Quadros/5U4qugkg">Jânio Quadros</a>, Brazilian lawyer and politician, 22nd <a href="/facts/President_of_Brazil/dLnXC0I4">President of Brazil</a> (died 1992)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1919/5R5RKF5E">1919</a> – <a href="/facts/Edwin_Newman/LhsetYSL">Edwin Newman</a>, American journalist and author (died 2010)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1921/7abkb6mF">1921</a> – <a href="/facts/Samuel_T._Cohen/CV6TzcJ1">Samuel T. Cohen</a>, American physicist and academic (died 2010)</li>
<li>1921 – <a href="/facts/Josef_Hole%25C4%258Dek_(canoeist)/pwl484dR">Josef Holeček</a>, Czechoslovakian canoeist (died 2005)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1922/AFrJQ34X">1922</a> – <a href="/facts/Raymond_Baxter/3buYFxBF">Raymond Baxter</a>, English television host and pilot (died 2006)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1923/yARB7QmW">1923</a> – <a href="/facts/Arvid_Carlsson/FpGjlIKV">Arvid Carlsson</a>, Swedish pharmacologist and physician, <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine/rlnpJX84">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (died 2018)</li>
<li>1923 – <a href="/facts/Shirley_Ardell_Mason/xhlwl4eM">Shirley Ardell Mason</a>, American <a href="/facts/Psychiatric/uzS7vEo0">psychiatric</a> patient (died 1998)</li>
<li>1923 – <a href="/facts/Sally_Starr_(TV_hostess)/qWm5YRjM">Sally Starr</a>, American actress and television host (died 2013)</li>
<li>1923 – <a href="/facts/Jean_Taittinger/n44Dt5TJ">Jean Taittinger</a>, French politician, <a href="/facts/Ministry_of_Justice_(France)/h7XGgqCE">French Minister of Justice</a> (died 2012)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1924/lArFYWHI">1924</a> – <a href="/facts/Lou_Groza/Q9836Me1">Lou Groza</a>, American football player and coach (died 2000)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a></li>
<li>1924 – <a href="/facts/Husein_Mehmedov/advoBNky">Husein Mehmedov</a>, Bulgarian-Turkish wrestler and coach (died 2014)</li>
<li>1924 – <a href="/facts/Speedy_West/IAFGHLWw">Speedy West</a>, American guitarist and producer (died 2003)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1925/FKVmYRam">1925</a> – <a href="/facts/Gordy_Soltau/EnmvCcjB">Gordy Soltau</a>, American football player and sportscaster (died 2014)</li>
<li>1925 – <a href="/facts/Giorgos_Zampetas/CHgebhdT">Giorgos Zampetas</a>, Greek <a href="/facts/Bouzouki/IR3V98FB">bouzouki</a> player and songwriter (died 1992)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1926/03cK1qtm">1926</a> – <a href="/facts/Dick_McGuire/hpDPLe5G">Dick McGuire</a>, American basketball player and coach (died 2010)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1927/jcoYnDtY">1927</a> – <a href="/facts/Ant%25C3%25B4nio_Carlos_Jobim/QGYLmNkn">Antônio Carlos Jobim</a>, Brazilian singer-songwriter and pianist (died 1994)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1928/GY8IzJk3">1928</a> – <a href="/facts/J%25C3%25A9r%25C3%25B4me_Choquette/PU945eI4">Jérôme Choquette</a>, Canadian lawyer and politician (died 2017)</li>
<li>1928 – <a href="/facts/Eduard_Shevardnadze/BxWbkI9j">Eduard Shevardnadze</a>, Georgian general and politician, 2nd <a href="/facts/President_of_Georgia/538UQjWc">President of Georgia</a> (died 2014)</li>
<li>1928 – <a href="/facts/Cor_van_der_Hart/dcbT69zF">Cor van der Hart</a>, Dutch footballer and manager (died 2006)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1929/CqjpW93q">1929</a> – <a href="/facts/Elizabeth_Allen_(actress)/cQQSf6ul">Elizabeth Allen</a>, American actress and singer (died 2006)</li>
<li>1929 – <a href="/facts/Robert_Faurisson/cb1lqpWe">Robert Faurisson</a>, English-French author and academic (died 2018)</li>
<li>1929 – <a href="/facts/Benny_Golson/6GFGvhyw">Benny Golson</a>, American saxophonist and composer (died 2024)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1931/JK9FEYxa">1931</a> – <a href="/facts/Dean_Jones_(actor)/3CmP9AAq">Dean Jones</a>, American actor and singer (died 2015)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1933/2LFFswPa">1933</a> – <a href="/facts/Corazon_Aquino/wPvtxu3C">Corazon Aquino</a>, Filipino politician, 11th <a href="/facts/President_of_the_Philippines/RWoHauBW">President of the Philippines</a> (died 2009)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1935/cgLN91AJ">1935</a> – <a href="/facts/Conrad_Burns/YCSnnpU7">Conrad Burns</a>, American journalist, and politician (died 2016)</li>
<li>1935 – <a href="/facts/Ant%25C3%25B3nio_Ramalho_Eanes/GAvYAAP2">António Ramalho Eanes</a>, Portuguese general and politician, 16th <a href="/facts/President_of_Portugal/lS9R1wRX">President of Portugal</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a></li>
<li>1935 – <a href="/facts/Don_Maynard/mUJn4hUo">Don Maynard</a>, American football player (died 2022)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1936/VsNHIP3x">1936</a> – <a href="/facts/Diana_Hyland/rSHQBWL7">Diana Hyland</a>, American actress (died 1977)</li>
<li>1936 – <a href="/facts/Onat_Kutlar/fvddr5fJ">Onat Kutlar</a>, Turkish author and poet (died 1995)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1937/BUX8Hwbf">1937</a> – <a href="/facts/Ange-F%25C3%25A9lix_Patass%25C3%25A9/8F47ypso">Ange-Félix Patassé</a>, Central African engineer and politician, 5th <a href="/facts/President_of_the_Central_African_Republic/75zlepcR">President of the Central African Republic</a> (died 2011)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1938/auSpdqeH">1938</a> – <a href="/facts/Shotaro_Ishinomori/oJInWYEe">Shotaro Ishinomori</a>, Japanese author and illustrator (died 1998)</li>
<li>1938 – <a href="/facts/Etta_James/2DKsnj4K">Etta James</a>, American singer (died 2012)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a></li>
<li>1938 – <a href="/facts/Leiji_Matsumoto/9uoN2tlw">Leiji Matsumoto</a>, Japanese author, illustrator, and animator (died 2023)</li>
<li>1938 – <a href="/facts/Vladimir_Vysotsky/KwJoQK5g">Vladimir Vysotsky</a>, Russian singer-songwriter, actor, and poet (died 1980)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1941/MxJwh6rk">1941</a> – <a href="/facts/Buddy_Baker/QyNhsR4c">Buddy Baker</a>, American race car driver and sportscaster (died 2015)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1942/Hv8rLssG">1942</a> – <a href="/facts/Carl_Eller/T9sKKVtw">Carl Eller</a>, American football player and sportscaster<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a></li>
<li>1942 – <a href="/facts/Eus%25C3%25A9bio/aMXyEqBR">Eusébio</a>, Mozambican-Portuguese footballer (died 2014)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1943/3DdRsjrn">1943</a> – <a href="/facts/Tobe_Hooper/QhEb6pm7">Tobe Hooper</a>, American director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2017)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1945/w7Rc9CUl">1945</a> – <a href="/facts/Byron_Beck/gDMbzksf">Byron Beck</a>, American basketball player<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a></li>
<li>1945 – <a href="/facts/Leigh_Taylor-Young/x2M8xfol">Leigh Taylor-Young</a>, American actress<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1947/Wy1AYbDz">1947</a> – <a href="/facts/%25C3%2581ngel_Nieto/K1brbuam">Ángel Nieto</a>, Spanish motorcycle racer (died 2017)</li>
<li>1947 – <a href="/facts/Tost%25C3%25A3o/bmw5KvDs">Tostão</a>, Brazilian footballer, journalist, and physician</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1948/8PpY1FY5">1948</a> – <a href="/facts/Ros_Kelly/4TMWXWcc">Ros Kelly</a>, Australian educator and politician, 1st <a href="/facts/Minister_for_Defence_Science_and_Personnel_(Australia)/XERnHlQH">Australian Minister for Defence Science and Personnel</a></li>
<li>1948 – <a href="/facts/Georgy_Shishkin/1mAkCCrr">Georgy Shishkin</a>, Russian painter and illustrator</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1949/25neuEUm">1949</a> – <a href="/facts/John_Cooper_Clarke/oo7rWLKU">John Cooper Clarke</a>, English poet and critic</li>
<li>1949 – <a href="/facts/Paul_Nurse/z8lQdHxP">Paul Nurse</a>, English geneticist and biologist, <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine/rlnpJX84">Nobel Prize</a> laureate</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1950/mxu5oLbY">1950</a> – <a href="/facts/Gloria_Naylor/9Y0XlxB9">Gloria Naylor</a>, American novelist (died 2016)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1951/o7KS23e8">1951</a> – <a href="/facts/Steve_Prefontaine/qmvv4I7x">Steve Prefontaine</a>, American runner (died 1975)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1952/LYQM5Bu0">1952</a> – <a href="/facts/Peter_Tatchell/uxIQtzyF">Peter Tatchell</a>, Australian-English journalist and activist</li>
<li>1952 – <a href="/facts/Timothy_White_(editor)/w5MDBd2j">Timothy White</a>, American journalist, author, and critic (died 2002)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1953/9mQVlynh">1953</a> – <a href="/facts/The_Honky_Tonk_Man/WrcApx31">The Honky Tonk Man</a>, American wrestler<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1954/qggMYsgW">1954</a> – <a href="/facts/Ricardo_Bochini/a7rBQtEM">Ricardo Bochini</a>, Argentinian footballer and manager</li>
<li>1954 – <a href="/facts/Kay_Cottee/6cuD8fI7">Kay Cottee</a>, Australian sailor</li>
<li>1954 – <a href="/facts/Renate_Dorrestein/ECAac0zU">Renate Dorrestein</a>, Dutch journalist and author (died 2018)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1956/s8lywmqd">1956</a> – <a href="/facts/Andy_Cox/E3K68FWt">Andy Cox</a>, English guitarist</li>
<li>1956 – <a href="/facts/Dinah_Manoff/25KJwq8k">Dinah Manoff</a>, American actress<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1957/6Aeq0xSI">1957</a> – <a href="/facts/Eskil_Erlandsson/d87Dcc1b">Eskil Erlandsson</a>, Swedish technologist and politician, <a href="/facts/Ministry_for_Rural_Affairs_(Sweden)/6Kc9AzII">Swedish Minister for Rural Affairs</a></li>
<li>1957 – <a href="/facts/Andy_Harris_(politician)/U4NnMWL5">Andrew Harris</a>, American politician</li>
<li>1957 – <a href="/facts/Jenifer_Lewis/r8SgFRLC">Jenifer Lewis</a>, American actress and singer<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1958/hMBPu5oV">1958</a> – <a href="/facts/Franco_Pancheri/AjtxSdq8">Franco Pancheri</a>, Italian footballer and manager</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1961/aVtANPeE">1961</a> – <a href="/facts/Vivian_Balakrishnan/tP09Cf8T">Vivian Balakrishnan</a>, Singaporean ophthalmologist and politician, <a href="/facts/Ministry_of_National_Development_(Singapore)/8vRk6tlC">Singaporean Ministry of National Development</a></li>
<li>1961 – <a href="/facts/Tim_Dorsey/7qkTmtoW">Tim Dorsey</a>, American novelist (died 2023)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50">50</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1962/l6s31Ap3">1962</a> – <a href="/facts/Chris_Chelios/n8J9clA8">Chris Chelios</a>, American ice hockey player and manager</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1963/IAgXNXRm">1963</a> – <a href="/facts/Fernando_Haddad/S3QBkKGa">Fernando Haddad</a>, Brazilian academic and politician, 61st <a href="/facts/List_of_mayors_of_S%25C3%25A3o_Paulo/PvNHRKbY">Mayor of São Paulo</a></li>
<li>1963 – <a href="/facts/Molly_Holzschlag/nSvrvsEr">Molly Holzschlag</a>, American computer scientist and author (died 2023)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1964/3juQ3GsC">1964</a> – <a href="/facts/Stephen_Pate/9b78sAIv">Stephen Pate</a>, Australian cyclist</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1965/RlpYNuG1">1965</a> – <a href="/facts/Esa_Tikkanen/wltzEvlM">Esa Tikkanen</a>, Finnish ice hockey player and coach</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1966/6ET4QfEl">1966</a> – <a href="/facts/Chet_Culver/Rp4F0I5r">Chet Culver</a>, American educator and politician, 41st <a href="/facts/Governor_of_Iowa/46VwljPk">Governor of Iowa</a></li>
<li>1966 – <a href="/facts/Yiannos_Ioannou/py6XPe17">Yiannos Ioannou</a>, Cypriot footballer and manager</li>
<li>1966 – <a href="/facts/Mark_Schlereth/RPhVlw1E">Mark Schlereth</a>, American football player and sportscaster<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51">51</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1967/dmIuJ9Qy">1967</a> – <a href="/facts/Nelson_Asaytono/CukL3AJ6">Nelson Asaytono</a>, Filipino basketball player</li>
<li>1967 – <a href="/facts/David_Ginola/dKm77pqb">David Ginola</a>, French footballer</li>
<li>1967 – <a href="/facts/Randy_McKay/vAYnFcUA">Randy McKay</a>, Canadian ice hockey player and coach</li>
<li>1967 – <a href="/facts/Nicole_Uphoff/4SPhAtFY">Nicole Uphoff</a>, German equestrian<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52">52</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1968/KPacXbuQ">1968</a> – <a href="/facts/Eric_Orie/DG7rYQbe">Eric Orie</a>, Dutch footballer and manager</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1969/Qunmv17a">1969</a> – <a href="/facts/Sergei_Ovchinnikov_(volleyball)/lk8Rg08p">Sergei Ovchinnikov</a>, Russian volleyball player and coach (died 2012)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1970/zvXkpYmn">1970</a> – <a href="/facts/Stephen_Chbosky/jbYdb49Y">Stephen Chbosky</a>, American author, screenwriter, and director</li>
<li>1970 – <a href="/facts/Chris_Mills_(basketball)/5Klo5sTN">Chris Mills</a>, American basketball player</li>
<li>1970 – <a href="/facts/Milt_Stegall/1qADtzfM">Milt Stegall</a>, American football player and sportscaster<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53">53</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1971/436B8JtH">1971</a> – <a href="/facts/Luca_Badoer/7Kq8LWRw">Luca Badoer</a>, Italian racing driver</li>
<li>1971 – <a href="/facts/Philip_Coppens_(author)/BE2hdHsd">Philip Coppens</a>, Belgian journalist and author (died 2012)</li>
<li>1971 – <a href="/facts/Ana_Ortiz/cCoLrEM6">Ana Ortiz</a>, American actress<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54">54</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1972/PDtUApJJ">1972</a> – <a href="/facts/Shinji_Takehara/AQqDWnqC">Shinji Takehara</a>, Japanese boxer</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1973/U4cMWEpF">1973</a> – <a href="/facts/Geoff_Johns/PYz8CeEI">Geoff Johns</a>, American author, screenwriter, and producer</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1974/yb8hxjWJ">1974</a> – <a href="/facts/Robert_Budreau/JWy72134">Robert Budreau</a>, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter</li>
<li>1974 – <a href="/facts/Emily_Haines/ccW5bm1r">Emily Haines</a>, Canadian singer-songwriter and keyboard player</li>
<li>1974 – <a href="/facts/Attilio_Nicodemo/pDKwPrK9">Attilio Nicodemo</a>, Italian footballer</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1975/VYMnwoeF">1975</a> – <a href="/facts/Duncan_Jupp/U9V51lgs">Duncan Jupp</a>, Anglo-Scottish footballer<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55">55</a></li>
<li>1975 – <a href="/facts/Mia_Kirshner/bvaQQUnb">Mia Kirshner</a>, Canadian actress<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56">56</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1976/78RFM9Xk">1976</a> – <a href="/facts/Stephanie_Bellars/kyxX40Ud">Stephanie Bellars</a>, American wrestler and manager</li>
<li>1976 – <a href="/facts/M%25C3%25A1rio_Haberfeld/FERYJCaJ">Mário Haberfeld</a>, Brazilian racing driver</li>
<li>1976 – <a href="/facts/Dimitris_Nalitzis/Qk6FDG2C">Dimitris Nalitzis</a>, Greek footballer</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1977/wrXpt5jT">1977</a> – <a href="/facts/Michael_Brown_(footballer%2c_born_1977)/PovuFqtQ">Michael Brown</a>, English footballer, manager and pundit<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57">57</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1978/0yIlakn7">1978</a> – <a href="/facts/Charlene%2c_Princess_of_Monaco/7PBCbRXC">Charlene, Princess of Monaco</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58">58</a></li>
<li>1978 – <a href="/facts/Ahmet_Dursun/fawgLhYy">Ahmet Dursun</a>, Turkish footballer</li>
<li>1978 – <a href="/facts/Denis_Menchov/RLoKv0fy">Denis Menchov</a>, Russian cyclist</li>
<li>1978 – <a href="/facts/Derrick_Turnbow/XEkK1Bdk">Derrick Turnbow</a>, American baseball player</li>
<li>1978 – <a href="/facts/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy/XaAUoF3n">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a>, Ukrainian actor, comedian, and politician, 6th <a href="/facts/President_of_Ukraine/dU38ajLg">President of Ukraine</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59">59</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1979/V4o6YhYF">1979</a> – <a href="/facts/Christine_Lakin/sKvW8XpP">Christine Lakin</a>, American actress and director<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60">60</a></li>
<li>1979 – <a href="/facts/David_Mutendera/FPXYEhbt">David Mutendera</a>, Zimbabwean cricketer<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61">61</a></li>
<li>1979 – <a href="/facts/Rodrigo_Ribeiro_(racing_driver)/3wKCvn8v">Rodrigo Ribeiro</a>, Brazilian racing driver</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1980/LlDU6MAx">1980</a> – <a href="/facts/Alayna_Burns/n4PdJ0nm">Alayna Burns</a>, Australian track cyclist<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62">62</a></li>
<li>1980 – <a href="/facts/Michelle_McCool/z2F0wL2X">Michelle McCool</a>, American wrestler<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63">63</a></li>
<li>1980 – <a href="/facts/Xavi_(footballer%2c_born_1980)/0hG9Gyo8">Xavi</a>, Spanish footballer</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1981/KMGWH0jA">1981</a> – <a href="/facts/Francis_Jeffers/t1FGCHjL">Francis Jeffers</a>, English footballer</li>
<li>1981 – <a href="/facts/Alicia_Keys/AD1wndRx">Alicia Keys</a>, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and actress<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64">64</a></li>
<li>1981 – <a href="/facts/To%25C5%25A1e_Proeski/KlrteRUQ">Toše Proeski</a>, Macedonian singer (died 2007)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65">65</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1983/Hh9D0QTA">1983</a> – <a href="/facts/Josh_Powell/HC5SXwS9">Josh Powell</a>, American basketball player<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66">66</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1984/JqqEX46m">1984</a> – <a href="/facts/Jay_Briscoe/tJfTpU4j">Jay Briscoe</a>, American wrestler (died 2023)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67">67</a></li>
<li>1984 – <a href="/facts/Stefan_Kie%25C3%259Fling/oaoVVTnu">Stefan Kießling</a>, German footballer</li>
<li>1984 – <a href="/facts/Robinho/HN5mGzXq">Robinho</a>, Brazilian footballer</li>
<li>1984 – <a href="/facts/Fara_Williams/jYx0FqPK">Fara Williams</a>, English footballer<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68">68</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1985/XsTSpulI">1985</a> – <a href="/facts/Brent_Celek/Y7Kxzjb2">Brent Celek</a>, American football player<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69">69</a></li>
<li>1985 – <a href="/facts/Hwang_Jung-eum/z5hsSHTE">Hwang Jung-eum</a>, South Korean actress</li>
<li>1985 – <a href="/facts/Tina_Karol/SbFbIuL7">Tina Karol</a>, Ukrainian singer and <a href="/facts/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2006/3wohzJ6M">Eurovision Song Contest 2006</a> contestant<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70">70</a></li>
<li>1985 – <a href="/facts/Acie_Law/yCgkjKNL">Acie Law</a>, American basketball player<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71">71</a></li>
<li>1985 – <a href="/facts/Hartley_Sawyer/mFzaubX4">Hartley Sawyer</a>, American actor<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72">72</a></li>
<li>1985 – <a href="/facts/Michael_Trevino/r2v7s4uv">Michael Trevino</a>, American actor<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73">73</a></li>
<li>1985 – <a href="/facts/Patrick_Willis/t0LsgKYm">Patrick Willis</a>, American football player</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1986/8uT5tERV">1986</a> – <a href="/facts/Chris_O%2527Grady/Tooquv0X">Chris O'Grady</a>, English footballer</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1987/pThGJW7B">1987</a> – <a href="/facts/Maria_Kirilenko/NSmCz78r">Maria Kirilenko</a>, Russian tennis player<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74">74</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1988/VsU0rXfc">1988</a> – <a href="/facts/Tatiana_Golovin/qNG6tFED">Tatiana Golovin</a>, French tennis player<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75">75</a></li>
<li>1988 – <a href="/facts/Ryota_Ozawa/wgw59kJB">Ryota Ozawa</a>, Japanese actor</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1990/ySbaqvwp">1990</a> – <a href="/facts/Apostolos_Giannou/jWyVSDqV">Apostolos Giannou</a>, Greek-Australian footballer</li>
<li>1990 – <a href="/facts/Lee_Jun-ho_(singer)/AB4lKw1r">Lee Jun-ho</a>, South Korean singer and actor</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1991/2VyD1KeD">1991</a> – <a href="/facts/Ariana_DeBose/H8Xxw2me">Ariana DeBose</a>, American actress, singer, and dancer<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76">76</a></li>
<li>1991 – <a href="/facts/Ahmed_Hegazi/uWLs83rD">Ahmed Hegazi</a>, Egyptian footballer<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77">77</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1996/qrQNaXmK">1996</a> – <a href="/facts/Mohamed_Hany/6axI5vpg">Mohamed Hany</a>, Egyptian footballer<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78">78</a></li>
<li>1996 – <a href="/facts/Seunghee/uTySE4BH">Seunghee</a>, South Korean singer and television personality<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79">79</a></li>
<li>1996 – <a href="/facts/Adama_Traor%25C3%25A9_(footballer%2c_born_1996)/BywpdSbL">Adama Traoré</a>, Spanish footballer<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80">80</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1997/FSVnuhSn">1997</a> – <a href="/facts/Noah_Hanifin/VIHYlL8t">Noah Hanifin</a>, American ice hockey player<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81">81</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/2001/oo7IoNIA">2001</a> – <a href="/facts/Elisabetta_Cocciaretto/9gB4fKtx">Elisabetta Cocciaretto</a>, Italian tennis player<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82">82</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/2002/8anKm4m1">2002</a> – <a href="/facts/Lil_Mosey/S75bc3QG">Lil Mosey</a>, American rapper<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83">83</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="deaths">Deaths</h2>
<h3>Pre-1600</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/390/ndIQz7dz">390</a> – <a href="/facts/Gregory_Nazianzus/Q87eERl0">Gregory Nazianzus</a>, <a href="/facts/Theology/N71Fyw2M">theologian</a> and <a href="/facts/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople/KtWbL8K8">Patriarch of Constantinople</a> (born 329)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/477/vfCG09fk">477</a> – <a href="/facts/Gaiseric/zop1YCGe">Gaiseric</a>, king of the Vandals (born 389)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/750/3jh7lohd">750</a> – <a href="/facts/Ibrahim_ibn_al-Walid/1AjSeeY2">Ibrahim ibn al-Walid</a>, Umayyad <a href="/facts/Caliph/qQ6hCspe">caliph</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/844/olFo9pe3">844</a> – <a href="/facts/Pope_Gregory_IV/RR2DfMy9">Pope Gregory IV</a> (born 795)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/863/SSMeJkEB">863</a> – <a href="/facts/Charles_of_Provence/bEo1XVs8">Charles of Provence</a>, Frankish king (born 845)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/951/cJN32aIx">951</a> – <a href="/facts/Ma_Xiguang/Xycdq09l">Ma Xiguang</a>, ruler of <a href="/facts/Chu_(Ten_Kingdoms)/gnIBNWvq">Chu</a> (<a href="/facts/Ten_Kingdoms/SjAK61Ko">Ten Kingdoms</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1003/4t2sy9JN">1003</a> – <a href="/facts/Lothair_I%2c_Margrave_of_the_Nordmark/FjlC0kBp">Lothair I, Margrave of the Nordmark</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1067/BzFTfuRQ">1067</a> – <a href="/facts/Emperor_Yingzong_of_Song/pTX5y70K">Emperor Yingzong of Song</a> (born 1032)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1138/Ar4yK0mu">1138</a> – <a href="/facts/Antipope_Anacletus_II/hIcWm88c">Antipope Anacletus II</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1139/RnIkHHLE">1139</a> – <a href="/facts/Godfrey_I%2c_Count_of_Louvain/N2HQYcxm">Godfrey I, Count of Louvain</a> and Duke of Lower Lorraine (as Godfrey VI)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1366/aog1lLy3">1366</a> – <a href="/facts/Henry_Suso/BxslRYzS">Henry Suso</a>, German priest and mystic (born 1300)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1413/pvKQe4cv">1413</a> – <a href="/facts/Maud_de_Ufford%2c_Countess_of_Oxford/EyI8oaXR">Maud de Ufford, Countess of Oxford</a> (born 1345)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1431/A4x4kEJ9">1431</a> – <a href="/facts/Charles_II%2c_Duke_of_Lorraine/MYRKM7o1">Charles II, Duke of Lorraine</a> (born 1364)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1492/p5YghhcH">1492</a> – <a href="/facts/Ygo_Gales_Galama/XJW8kn2w">Ygo Gales Galama</a>, Frisian warlord and rebel (born 1443)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1494/1bXWyJm7">1494</a> – <a href="/facts/Ferdinand_I_of_Naples/0An1SQGW">Ferdinand I of Naples</a> (born 1423)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1559/7LRHc141">1559</a> – <a href="/facts/Christian_II_of_Denmark/MMvc3zWb">Christian II of Denmark</a> (born 1481)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1578/J3yqc1ed">1578</a> – <a href="/facts/Mihrimah_Sultan_(daughter_of_Suleiman_I)/wtnf1GRv">Mihrimah Sultan</a> of the Ottoman Empire (born 1522)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1586/GDCrxNlJ">1586</a> – <a href="/facts/Lucas_Cranach_the_Younger/x9Skg3Ek">Lucas Cranach the Younger</a>, German painter (born 1515)</li></ul>
<h3>1601–1900</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/1640/aDj0dRLH">1640</a> – <a href="/facts/Robert_Burton_(scholar)/AYoN1s0k">Robert Burton</a>, English physician and scholar (born 1577)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1670/Mvgvc4hH">1670</a> – <a href="/facts/Nicholas_Francis%2c_Duke_of_Lorraine/CHl2nw9y">Nicholas Francis, Duke of Lorraine</a> (born 1612)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1726/m2d34N6l">1726</a> – <a href="/facts/Guillaume_Delisle/fxfCu9BC">Guillaume Delisle</a>, French cartographer (born 1675)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1733/a5qItTj5">1733</a> – <a href="/facts/Sir_Gilbert_Heathcote%2c_1st_Baronet/0NU2UyRK">Sir Gilbert Heathcote, 1st Baronet</a>, English banker and politician, <a href="/facts/Lord_Mayor_of_London/28CFLNke">Lord Mayor of London</a> (born 1652)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1742/WetcgMEE">1742</a> – <a href="/facts/Edmond_Halley/JgjIRcUA">Edmond Halley</a>, English astronomer (born 1656)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84">84</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1751/xFSW8XBb">1751</a> – <a href="/facts/Paul_Dudley_(jurist)/VEHuoch7">Paul Dudley</a>, American lawyer, jurist, and politician (born 1675)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1852/7rU2ebRt">1852</a> – <a href="/facts/Fabian_Gottlieb_von_Bellingshausen/4tQGY90s">Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen</a>, Russian admiral, cartographer, and explorer (born 1778)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1856/vURzaXKl">1856</a> – <a href="/facts/John_Doubleday_(restorer)/fhBYNnHW">John Doubleday</a>, British craftsperson, restorer, and dealer<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85">85</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1872/CmLMQWn2">1872</a> – <a href="/facts/Richard_S._Ewell/Wq8hWQQF">Richard S. Ewell</a>, American general (born 1817)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1881/s9tMgWvd">1881</a> – <a href="/facts/Konstantin_Thon/Gld7dpeR">Konstantin Thon</a>, Russian architect, designed the <a href="/facts/Grand_Kremlin_Palace/bRW6BWWA">Grand Kremlin Palace</a> and <a href="/facts/Cathedral_of_Christ_the_Saviour/4lKJNj6L">Cathedral of Christ the Saviour</a> (born 1794)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1884/sMq3Cz3G">1884</a> – <a href="/facts/P%25C3%25A9ricl%25C3%25A8s_Pantazis/drBPb2J8">Périclès Pantazis</a>, Greek-Belgian painter (born 1849)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1891/jJnCu3PM">1891</a> – <a href="/facts/Theo_van_Gogh_(art_dealer)/qoU2YUuq">Theo van Gogh</a>, Art dealer, the brother of <a href="/facts/Vincent_van_Gogh/q9aWnV4l">Vincent van Gogh</a> (born 1857)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1900/vjRuWbwa">1900</a> – <a href="/facts/Princess_Adelheid_of_Hohenlohe-Langenburg/GwYBUcRy">Princess Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg</a>, German Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein (born 1835)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86">86</a></li></ul>
<h3>1901–present</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/1907/70u8Thdr">1907</a> – <a href="/facts/Ren%25C3%25A9_Pottier/5TeqeF7Y">René Pottier</a>, French cyclist (born 1879)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1908/y2Yvla5J">1908</a> – <a href="/facts/Ouida/Gkpnsqsv">Ouida</a>, English-Italian author (born 1839)</li>
<li>1908 – <a href="/facts/Mikhail_Chigorin/WgupUu55">Mikhail Chigorin</a>, Russian chess player and theoretician (born 1850)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1910/Kovl3GRp">1910</a> – <a href="/facts/W._G._Read_Mullan/1nUcA9c0">W. G. Read Mullan</a>, American Jesuit and academic (1860)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1914/VNGWH7j3">1914</a> – <a href="/facts/Frank_Avery_Hutchins/dSD2R5LF">Frank Avery Hutchins</a>, American librarian and educator (born 1851)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87">87</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1912/6y6T0vzf">1912</a> – <a href="/facts/Dmitry_Milyutin/D7Fq950N">Dmitry Milyutin</a>, Russian field marshal and politician (born 1816)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1925/FKVmYRam">1925</a> – <a href="/facts/Juan_Vucetich/RfVspCuD">Juan Vucetich</a>, Croatian-Argentinian anthropologist and police officer (born 1858)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1939/qMDTC2rc">1939</a> – <a href="/facts/Charles_Davidson_Dunbar/DVRMCAIR">Charles Davidson Dunbar</a>, Scottish soldier and bagpipe player (born 1870)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1947/Wy1AYbDz">1947</a> – <a href="/facts/Al_Capone/YspLttMe">Al Capone</a>, American gangster and mob boss (born 1899)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1949/25neuEUm">1949</a> – <a href="/facts/Makino_Nobuaki/Mq6LlFpQ">Makino Nobuaki</a>, Japanese politician, 15th <a href="/facts/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Japan)/bdKzxEPa">Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs</a> (born 1861)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1957/6Aeq0xSI">1957</a> – <a href="/facts/Ichiz%25C5%258D_Kobayashi/lonAgV2K">Ichizō Kobayashi</a>, Japanese businessman, founded <a href="/facts/Hankyu_Hanshin_Holdings/2syLnzay">Hankyu Hanshin Holdings</a> (born 1873)</li>
<li>1957 – <a href="/facts/Kiyoshi_Shiga/v5J06jrH">Kiyoshi Shiga</a>, Japanese physician and bacteriologist (born 1871)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1958/hMBPu5oV">1958</a> – <a href="/facts/Cemil_Topuzlu/2QeDXx3z">Cemil Topuzlu</a>, Turkish surgeon and politician, <a href="/facts/List_of_mayors_of_Istanbul/2lJ5P799">Mayor of Istanbul</a> (born 1866)</li>
<li>1958 – <a href="/facts/Robert_R._Young/1RNwtcHv">Robert R. Young</a>, American businessman and financier (born 1897)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1960/H5oTKVEk">1960</a> – <a href="/facts/Diana_Barrymore/Ezjpk5rG">Diana Barrymore</a>, American actress (born 1921)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1966/6ET4QfEl">1966</a> – <a href="/facts/Saul_Adler/jGlNKzVy">Saul Adler</a>, Belarusian-English microbiologist and parasitologist (born 1895)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1968/KPacXbuQ">1968</a> – <a href="/facts/Louie_Myfanwy_Thomas/LaQab9lC">Louie Myfanwy Thomas</a>, Welsh writer (born 1908)</li>
<li>1968 – <a href="/facts/Yvor_Winters/XHH98zwD">Yvor Winters</a>, American poet and literary critic (born 1900)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88">88</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1970/zvXkpYmn">1970</a> – <a href="/facts/Jane_Bathori/8JXTInsq">Jane Bathori</a>, French soprano (born 1877)</li>
<li>1970 – <a href="/facts/Eiji_Tsuburaya/d1EyjNTf">Eiji Tsuburaya</a>, Japanese director and producer (born 1901)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1971/436B8JtH">1971</a> – <a href="/facts/Barry_III/0uxUtxvU">Barry III</a>, Guinean lawyer and politician (born 1923)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1972/PDtUApJJ">1972</a> – <a href="/facts/Erhard_Milch/MAEq4NCQ">Erhard Milch</a>, German field marshal (born 1892)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1975/VYMnwoeF">1975</a> – <a href="/facts/Charlotte_Whitton/QelFBMol">Charlotte Whitton</a>, Canadian journalist and politician, 46th <a href="/facts/Mayor_of_Ottawa/RVBQLJuI">Mayor of Ottawa</a> (born 1896)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89">89</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1978/0yIlakn7">1978</a> – <a href="/facts/Skender_Kulenovi%25C4%2587/EPscR9Md">Skender Kulenović</a>, Bosnian author, poet, and playwright (born 1910)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1981/KMGWH0jA">1981</a> – <a href="/facts/Adele_Astaire/gCAUzTVB">Adele Astaire</a>, American actress, singer, and dancer (born 1896)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1982/oMGkW7wb">1982</a> – <a href="/facts/Mikhail_Suslov/T4oc9kGB">Mikhail Suslov</a>, Russian economist and politician (born 1902)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1985/XsTSpulI">1985</a> – <a href="/facts/Ilias_Iliou/wETLdSjj">Ilias Iliou</a>, Greek jurist and politician (born 1904)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1987/pThGJW7B">1987</a> – <a href="/facts/Frank_J._Lynch/vBPxfYVs">Frank J. Lynch</a>, American lawyer, judge, and politician (born 1922)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1988/VsU0rXfc">1988</a> – <a href="/facts/Colleen_Moore/NPbAgXLx">Colleen Moore</a>, American actress (born 1899)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1990/ySbaqvwp">1990</a> – <a href="/facts/Ava_Gardner/TtDfjtuN">Ava Gardner</a>, American actress (born 1922)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1991/2VyD1KeD">1991</a> – <a href="/facts/Frank_Soo/QTSTu9ww">Frank Soo</a>, English footballer and manager (born 1914)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1992/C3hhqclX">1992</a> – <a href="/facts/Mir_Khalil_ur_Rehman/AuX9Ff1m">Mir Khalil ur Rehman</a>, Founder and editor of the Jang Group of Newspapers (born 1927)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1994/DHYvCLxY">1994</a> – <a href="/facts/Stephen_Cole_Kleene/sKSax2se">Stephen Cole Kleene</a>, American mathematician, computer scientist, and academic (born 1909)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1996/qrQNaXmK">1996</a> – <a href="/facts/Jonathan_Larson/F7lWsPl3">Jonathan Larson</a>, American playwright and composer (born 1960)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90">90</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1997/FSVnuhSn">1997</a> – <a href="/facts/Dan_Barry_(cartoonist)/Qt4aSlLU">Dan Barry</a>, American author and illustrator (born 1923)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1999/pc1BDf3P">1999</a> – <a href="/facts/Sarah_Louise_Delany/IyvLPGNv">Sarah Louise Delany</a>, American author and educator (born 1889)</li>
<li>1999 – <a href="/facts/Robert_Shaw_(conductor)/xKEo6xwd">Robert Shaw</a>, American conductor (born 1916)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2001/oo7IoNIA">2001</a> – <a href="/facts/Alice_Ambrose/ccxbwCke">Alice Ambrose</a>, American philosopher and logician (born 1906)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2002/8anKm4m1">2002</a> – <a href="/facts/Cliff_Baxter/Xz8w2vFC">Cliff Baxter</a>, employee at <a href="/facts/Enron/NxH90ght">Enron</a> (born 1958)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2003/jR4SwKlP">2003</a> – <a href="/facts/Sheldon_Reynolds_(producer)/9wAHMpoD">Sheldon Reynolds</a>, American director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1923)</li>
<li>2003 – <a href="/facts/Samuel_Weems/SfrlWnjk">Samuel Weems</a>, American lawyer and author (born 1936)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2004/0yE6vkMU">2004</a> – <a href="/facts/Fanny_Blankers-Koen/sRmmf68a">Fanny Blankers-Koen</a>, Dutch runner and hurdler (born 1918)</li>
<li>2004 – <a href="/facts/Mikl%25C3%25B3s_Feh%25C3%25A9r/AnaCtzKK">Miklós Fehér</a>, Hungarian footballer (born 1979)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2005/gV0sNsas">2005</a> – <a href="/facts/Stanis%25C5%2582aw_Albinowski/xwem8Tzy">Stanisław Albinowski</a>, Polish economist and journalist (born 1923)</li>
<li>2005 – <a href="/facts/William_Augustus_Bootle/RM1bl56J">William Augustus Bootle</a>, American lawyer and judge (born 1902)</li>
<li>2005 – <a href="/facts/Philip_Johnson/zW682weu">Philip Johnson</a>, American architect, designed the <a href="/facts/PPG_Place/4bkvIuDu">PPG Place</a> and <a href="/facts/Crystal_Cathedral/tXQX7ISV">Crystal Cathedral</a> (born 1906)</li>
<li>2005 – <a href="/facts/Manuel_Lopes_(writer)/MWCSelMv">Manuel Lopes</a>, Cape Verdean author and poet (born 1907)</li>
<li>2005 – <a href="/facts/Netti_Witziers-Timmer/cuV3MRPm">Netti Witziers-Timmer</a>, Dutch runner (born 1923)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2009/yEThXjmg">2009</a> – <a href="/facts/Eleanor_F._Helin/r1M8YoxH">Eleanor F. Helin</a>, American astronomer (born 1932)</li>
<li>2009 – <a href="/facts/Ewald_Kooiman/EjFnNng3">Ewald Kooiman</a>, Dutch organist and educator (born 1938)</li>
<li>2009 – <a href="/facts/Kim_Manners/hQaXnLrY">Kim Manners</a>, American director and producer (born 1951)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2010/aNH2Is5x">2010</a> – <a href="/facts/Ali_Hassan_al-Majid/94mBFHYh">Ali Hassan al-Majid</a>, Iraqi general and politician, <a href="/facts/Ministry_of_Defence_(Iraq)/VDFN5Kw3">Iraqi Minister of Defence</a> (born 1941)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2011/GAc8rcgs">2011</a> – <a href="/facts/Vassilis_C._Constantakopoulos/tsJAfbMc">Vassilis C. Constantakopoulos</a> Greek captain and businessman (born 1935)</li>
<li>2011 – <a href="/facts/Vincent_Cronin/By0uIEhS">Vincent Cronin</a>, Welsh historian and author (born 1924)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2012/XEX1VQNP">2012</a> – <a href="/facts/Paavo_Berglund/LnHeggzA">Paavo Berglund</a>, Finnish violinist and conductor (born 1929)</li>
<li>2012 – <a href="/facts/Jacques_Maisonrouge/f4l8RYHE">Jacques Maisonrouge</a>, French businessman (born 1924)</li>
<li>2012 – <a href="/facts/Franco_Pacini/VnCBBoUP">Franco Pacini</a>, Italian astrophysicist and academic (born 1939)</li>
<li>2012 – <a href="/facts/Robert_Sheran/ztUyLR6W">Robert Sheran</a>, American lawyer, judge, and politician (born 1916)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2013/eQaDXDHl">2013</a> – <a href="/facts/Martial_Asselin/98XEItX7">Martial Asselin</a>, Canadian lawyer and politician, 25th <a href="/facts/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Quebec/8xc3xIcG">Lieutenant Governor of Quebec</a> (born 1924)</li>
<li>2013 – <a href="/facts/Kevin_Heffernan_(Gaelic_footballer)/Y3kUymXl">Kevin Heffernan</a>, Irish footballer and manager (born 1929)</li>
<li>2013 – <a href="/facts/Aase_Nordmo_L%25C3%25B8vberg/3DoNA2If">Aase Nordmo Løvberg</a>, Norwegian soprano and actress (born 1923)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2014/dJ82Jq47">2014</a> – <a href="/facts/Arthur_Doyle/nHCHAbLE">Arthur Doyle</a>, American singer-songwriter, saxophonist, and flute player (born 1944)</li>
<li>2014 – <a href="/facts/Heini_Halberstam/a41nRyuK">Heini Halberstam</a>, Czech-English mathematician and academic (born 1926)</li>
<li>2014 – <a href="/facts/Dave_Strack/hhGSJos8">Dave Strack</a>, American basketball player and coach (born 1923)</li>
<li>2014 – <a href="/facts/Morrie_Turner/vsVGr9aW">Morrie Turner</a>, American cartoonist (born 1923)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91">91</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/2015/bcMDMUaf">2015</a> – <a href="/facts/John_Leggett/jSM7STJM">John Leggett</a>, American author and academic (born 1917)</li>
<li>2015 – <a href="/facts/Richard_McBrien/heRVNSn5">Richard McBrien</a>, American priest, theologian, and academic (born 1936)</li>
<li>2015 – <a href="/facts/Bill_Monbouquette/ek3v02vE">Bill Monbouquette</a>, American baseball player and coach (born 1936)</li>
<li>2015 – <a href="/facts/Demis_Roussos/hH3ddd6p">Demis Roussos</a>, Egyptian-Greek singer (born 1946)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2017/GtS7nQdn">2017</a> – <a href="/facts/Stephen_P._Cohen_(Middle_East_scholar)/Uxg34nGu">Stephen P. Cohen</a>, Canadian academic (born 1945)</li>
<li>2017 – <a href="/facts/Robert_Garcia_(New_York_politician)/bW9XABwC">Robert Garcia</a>, American politician (born 1933)</li>
<li>2017 – <a href="/facts/John_Hurt/Kw4DGsRJ">John Hurt</a>, English actor (born 1940)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92">92</a></li>
<li>2017 – <a href="/facts/Harry_Mathews/vPRX5X8P">Harry Mathews</a>, American novelist and poet (born 1930)</li>
<li>2017 – <a href="/facts/Marcel_Prud%2527homme/57mGAq7h">Marcel Prud'homme</a>, Canadian politician (born 1934)</li>
<li>2017 – <a href="/facts/Mary_Tyler_Moore/crvM0xyy">Mary Tyler Moore</a>, American actress and producer (born 1936)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93">93</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/2018/dkwRKqoo">2018</a> – <a href="/facts/Neagu_Djuvara/blnkg8YL">Neagu Djuvara</a>, Romanian historian, essayist, philosopher, journalist, novelist and diplomat (born 1916)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2024/oobtmKEa">2024</a> – <a href="/facts/Sanath_Nishantha/RNexsGHj">Sanath Nishantha</a>, Sri Lankan politician (born 1975)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94">94</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/2025/zDNPTD1E">2025</a> – <a href="/facts/Gloria_Romero/VDAYrxH6">Gloria Romero</a>, Filipino actress (born 1933)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95">95</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="holidays-and-observances">Holidays and observances</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Betico_Croes/gl4jP66T">Betico Day</a> (<a href="/facts/Aruba/zvI1fUg1">Aruba</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:96" href="#fn:96">96</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Burns_supper/GyoazIG1">Burns Night</a> (Scotland)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:97" href="#fn:97">97</a></li>
<li>Christian <a href="/facts/Feast_day/HIapcqYk">feast day</a>:
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Dydd_Santes_Dwynwen/gCjbADeh">Dydd Santes Dwynwen</a> (<a href="/facts/Wales/xa3W6PHH">Wales</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Feast_of_the_Conversion_of_Saint_Paul/1KV7HVKS">Feast of the Conversion of Saint Paul</a> (<a href="/facts/Eastern_Orthodox_Church/5n20Akh5">Eastern Orthodox</a>, <a href="/facts/Oriental_Orthodox/Hr4jF7La">Oriental Orthodox</a>, <a href="/facts/Roman_Catholic/rJ4F4gqH">Roman Catholic</a>, <a href="/facts/Anglican/CDICRNVn">Anglican</a> and <a href="/facts/Lutheran/L4pMlRcS">Lutheran</a> churches, which concludes the <a href="/facts/Week_of_Prayer_for_Christian_Unity/HRyQw61F">Week of Prayer for Christian Unity</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Gregory_the_Theologian/Q87eERl0">Gregory the Theologian</a> (<a href="/facts/Eastern_Catholic_Churches/TEupXfEm">Eastern (Byzantine) Catholic Church</a>)</li>
<li>The last day of the <a href="/facts/Week_of_Prayer_for_Christian_Unity/HRyQw61F">Week of Prayer for Christian Unity</a> (<a href="/facts/Christian_ecumenism/1Yyzv1zM">Christian ecumenism</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/January_25_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)/aQ5eMqC0">January 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Public_holidays_in_Indonesia/Lwl05kVT">National Nutrition Day</a> (<a href="/facts/Indonesia/vQnWU3IW">Indonesia</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/National_Police_Day_(Egypt)/c48sjzfP">National Police Day (Egypt)</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/National_Voters%2527_Day/mAvl6B6a">National Voters' Day</a> (<a href="/facts/India/QW4TV4sy">India</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Public_holidays_in_Egypt/vnzYhmuV">Revolution Day 2011</a> (<a href="/facts/Egypt/8Ttg0JwB">Egypt</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Tatiana_Day/qISlnSYD">Tatiana Day</a> or Russian Students Day (<a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a>, <a href="/facts/Eastern_Orthodox/5n20Akh5">Eastern Orthodox</a>)</li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>

Wikimedia Commons has media related to January 25.

<ul><li><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/25">BBC: On This Day</a></li>
<li></li>
<li><a href="https://archive.nytimes.com/learning.blogs.nytimes.com/on-this-day/january-25">The New York Times: On This Day</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.onthisday.com/events/january/25">Historical Events on January 25</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Murphy-O'Connor, Jerome (2002). St. Paul's Corinth: Texts and Archaeology. Liturgical Press. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-8146-5303-6. <a href="978-0-8146-5303-6" target="_blank">978-0-8146-5303-6</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Sharon, Moshe (1983). Black Banners from the East: The Establishment of the Abbāsid State: Incubation of a Revolt. JSAI. p. 13. ISBN 978-965-223-501-5. <a href="978-965-223-501-5" target="_blank">978-965-223-501-5</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Ormrod, W.M. (2012). Edward III. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. p. 86. ISBN 9780300119107. <a href="9780300119107" target="_blank">9780300119107</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">Pichard, Pierre; Ambraseys, N. N.; Ziogas, G. N. (1976). The Gemona Di Friuli Earthquake of 6 May 1976. Unesco. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ambraseys" target="_blank">/wiki/Nicholas_Ambraseys</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Setton, Kenneth M. (1978). The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571), Volume II: The Fifteenth Century. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society. p. 328. ISBN 0-87169-127-2. <a href="0-87169-127-2" target="_blank">0-87169-127-2</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Gieseler, Johann Karl Ludwig (1836). Text-book of Ecclesiastical History. Carey, Lea, and Blanchard. pp. 238. <a href="/wiki/Johann_Karl_Ludwig_Gieseler" target="_blank">/wiki/Johann_Karl_Ludwig_Gieseler</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Cavendish, Richard (March 1997). "Francis I of France dies at Rambouillet". History Today. 47 (3). Retrieved 24 January 2021. <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cavendish_(occult_writer)" target="_blank">/wiki/Richard_Cavendish_(occult_writer)</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Townsend, George Henry (1862). The Manual of Dates: A Dictionary of Reference to All the Most Important Events in the History of Mankind to be Found in Authentic Records. pp. 323. <a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Townsend" target="_blank">/wiki/George_Henry_Townsend</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Mid-America: An Historical Review. Loyola University [Institute of Jesuit History]. 1943. p. 263. <a href="https://archive.org/details/midamericahistor26unse" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/midamericahistor26unse</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Lamers, Jeroen Pieter (2000). Japonius Tyrannus: The Japanese Warlord, Oda Nobunaga Reconsidered. Hotei Publishing. ISBN 978-90-74822-22-0. <a href="978-90-74822-22-0" target="_blank">978-90-74822-22-0</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">James, W. Martin (2004). Historical Dictionary of Angola. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. p. 209. ISBN 9780810849402. <a href="9780810849402" target="_blank">9780810849402</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">Daniel, Clifton (1989). Chronicle of America. Chronicle publication. p. 36. ISBN 0-13-133745-9. <a href="0-13-133745-9" target="_blank">0-13-133745-9</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">Marley, David (1998). Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the New World, 1492 to the Present. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. p. 346. ISBN 9780874368376. <a href="9780874368376" target="_blank">9780874368376</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">"History". University of Virginia Bicentennial. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia. Archived from the original on March 3, 2020. Retrieved March 3, 2020. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200303182031/https://bicentennial.virginia.edu/history" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20200303182031/https://bicentennial.virginia.edu/history</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">"Remembering the SS Laurentic". Coastal Monkey. 25 January 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2021. <a href="https://coastmonkey.ie/ss-laurentic/" target="_blank">https://coastmonkey.ie/ss-laurentic/</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">"War of Independence: Civil Guards". Mannerheim.fi. Retrieved January 21, 2022. <a href="http://www.mannerheim.fi/06_vsota/e_suojku.htm" target="_blank">http://www.mannerheim.fi/06_vsota/e_suojku.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Casanova, Julián (2005). "On the road to insurrection". In Preston, Paul (ed.). Anarchism, the Republic and Civil War in Spain: 1931–1939. Translated by Dowling, Andrew; Pollok, Graham. Routledge. p. 65. ISBN 0-415-32095-X. <a href="0-415-32095-X" target="_blank">0-415-32095-X</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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</ol>

January 25 open-in-new

January 25