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2011 in spaceflight
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<h2 id="overview-of-orbital-spaceflight">Overview of orbital spaceflight</h2> <p>A total of 84 orbital launches were attempted in 2011, with 78 being reported as successful; 80 launches reached orbit. 35 launches were conducted using Russian and former Soviet rockets, whilst China launched 19 rockets, and the United States launched 18. Europe conducted five launches, India and Japan launched three rockets each, and Iran conducted one launch. </p> <h3>Crewed launches</h3> <p>Seven crewed spaceflights – four <a href="/facts/Soyuz_programme/sc26XSN9">Soyuz</a> and three <a href="/facts/Space_Shuttle/7BoyetEv">Space Shuttle</a> missions – were launched in 2011, carrying a total of 28 astronauts and cosmonauts into orbit. At the beginning of the year, the <a href="/facts/Expedition_26/JeMgX8hx">Expedition 26</a> crew was aboard the <a href="/facts/International_Space_Station/VNPUBz9m">International Space Station</a> (ISS). The first crewed flight of 2011 was <a href="/facts/STS-133/YVSeMVcV">STS-133</a>, the final flight of the Space Shuttle <a href="/facts/Space_Shuttle_Discovery/MmSTr4G0"><i>Discovery</i></a>, which launched from the <a href="/facts/Kennedy_Space_Center/zmwszuPr">Kennedy Space Center</a> on 24 February. STS-133 carried <i><a href="/facts/Leonardo_(ISS_module)/LTz8eFJB">Leonardo</a></i>, the final American pressurised module of the ISS, for installation. <i>Discovery</i> returned to Earth on 9 March. </p><p>On 16 March, <a href="/facts/Expedition_27/VLHhofHr">Expedition 27</a> began aboard the ISS with the departure of the <a href="/facts/Soyuz_TMA-01M/mLWNxSTc">Soyuz TMA-01M</a> spacecraft, which had been docked since October 2010. On 4 April, <a href="/facts/Soyuz_TMA-21/WaF6z3eb">Soyuz TMA-21</a> launched to the space station, delivering a further three crewmembers. On 16 May, Space Shuttle <a href="/facts/Space_Shuttle/7BoyetEv">Space Shuttle</a> <a href="/facts/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour/fcX8nN5Q"><i>Endeavour</i></a> launched to the station on its final mission, <a href="/facts/STS-134/vXf9Dmcv">STS-134</a>, delivering and installing the <a href="/facts/Alpha_Magnetic_Spectrometer/lcd9kQwf">Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer</a>, before returning to Earth on 1 June. <a href="/facts/Expedition_28/lKYIoBmb">Expedition 28</a> began aboard the ISS on 23 May with the departure of <a href="/facts/Soyuz_TMA-20/ovNPza26">Soyuz TMA-20</a>, which had been launched in December 2010, and landed in the early morning of 24 May. Three more crewmembers were launched to the space station aboard <a href="/facts/Soyuz_TMA-02M/64MNQ6Kr">Soyuz TMA-02M</a> on 7 June. </p><p>The final Space Shuttle mission, <a href="/facts/STS-135/K9lMMNWC">STS-135</a>, began on 8 July with the launch of <a href="/facts/Space_Shuttle/7BoyetEv">Space Shuttle</a> <a href="/facts/Space_Shuttle_Atlantis/3NQUThEB"><i>Atlantis</i></a>, carrying supplies for the ISS aboard the <i><a href="/facts/Raffaello_MPLM/aaL9VsyI">Raffaello</a></i> <a href="/facts/Multi-Purpose_Logistics_Module/Jhs1djsj">Multi-Purpose Logistics Module</a> (MPLM). After resupplying the space station, <i>Atlantis</i> returned to Earth, landing at <a href="/facts/Kennedy_Space_Center/zmwszuPr">Kennedy Space Center</a>'s <a href="/facts/Shuttle_Landing_Facility/H0gDKXCV">Shuttle Landing Facility</a> at 09:57 UTC on 21 July, and concluding thirty years of Space Shuttle operations. Two days before landing, <i>Atlantis</i> deployed <a href="/facts/PSSC-2/t7xdyJtg">PSSC-2</a>, the last satellite to be launched from a Space Shuttle. </p><p>On 29 September, China launched its first space station module, <a href="/facts/Tiangong-1/YoX6HLeX">Tiangong-1</a>, which was placed into orbit by a <a href="/facts/Long_March_2F/G/JSztWT6A">Long March 2F/G</a> carrier rocket flying from the <a href="/facts/Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Centre/cenXHpsK">Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre</a>. Although no crewed missions to Tiangong-1 were conducted in 2011, the <a href="/facts/Uncrewed_spacecraft/Reevc0WV">uncrewed</a> <a href="/facts/Shenzhou_8/92pkbsEk">Shenzhou 8</a> spacecraft, which was launched on 31 October, docked twice with the module to test its systems in preparation for <a href="/facts/Shenzhou_9/UbfyDzbv">a successful 2012 crewed docking</a>. </p><p>ISS Expedition 28 ended, and <a href="/facts/Expedition_29/fInLhdvE">Expedition 29</a> began, with the undocking of Soyuz TMA-21 on 16 September. The launch of <a href="/facts/Soyuz_TMA-22/VxjqQsWQ">Soyuz TMA-22</a> did not take place until 14 November, having been delayed by reliability concerns surrounding the <a href="/facts/Soyuz_(rocket_family)/cGMjYIPX">Soyuz</a> rocket after an uncrewed launch failure in August. A week later, Soyuz TMA-02M undocked, beginning <a href="/facts/Expedition_30/zu6h2h7g">Expedition 30</a>, with the Soyuz spacecraft landing on 22 November. The final crewed launch of the year took place on 21 December, when <a href="/facts/Soyuz_TMA-03M/c6zvJB05">Soyuz TMA-03M</a> was launched to bring a further three crewmembers to the ISS. </p><p>Ten <a href="/facts/Spacewalk/udj91j1E">spacewalks</a> were conducted in 2011, all of them by ISS or Space Shuttle astronauts. The final spacewalk by a Space Shuttle crew was conducted on 27 May, during the STS-134 mission. </p> <h3>Robotic exploration</h3> <p>Numerous scientific exploration missions were begun in 2011. In March 2011, the <i><a href="/facts/MESSENGER/EFJEPNxR">MESSENGER</a></i> probe became the first artificial satellite of the planet <a href="/facts/Mercury_(planet)/lVa1GIyX">Mercury</a>. In July, the <i><a href="/facts/Dawn_(spacecraft)/z4JeyNQB">Dawn</a></i> spacecraft became the first artificial satellite of the <a href="/facts/Asteroid/g7Ulr1VB">asteroid</a> <a href="/facts/4_Vesta/xnQ8acw1">4 Vesta</a>. The <a href="/facts/Mars_Science_Laboratory/yEARUMpM">Mars Science Laboratory</a> – at the time, the largest <a href="/facts/Mars_rover/6ueforXf">Mars rover</a> ever constructed – was launched in November, conducting a successful landing on Mars in August 2012.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> </p> <h3>Launch failures</h3> <p>Six orbital launches failed in 2011, four of which failed to achieve orbit and the remaining two reached lower orbits than expected. The first failure occurred on 1 February, when a <a href="/facts/Rokot/xXx9Gzg7">Rokot</a> with a <a href="/facts/Briz-KM/nPncWv0Q">Briz-KM</a> upper stage placed <a href="/facts/Kosmos_2470/5EwE3jFX">Kosmos 2470</a> into a useless orbit, from which it could not recover. The failure was later traced to a software problem on the Briz-KM. </p><p>The next failure occurred on 4 March, when the payload fairing of a <a href="/facts/Taurus_(rocket)/XQDB2hca">Taurus-XL</a> failed to separate, resulting in the rocket being too heavy to reach orbit. The <a href="/facts/Glory_(satellite)/fxWhHGVq">Glory</a> climate research satellite was lost in the failure, along with the <a href="/facts/KySat-1/h42tSjcs">KySat-1</a>, <a href="/facts/Hermes_(satellite)/ceo82Ryw">Hermes</a> and <a href="/facts/Explorer-1_Prime/vAgIbtml">Explorer-1 [PRIME]</a> <a href="/facts/CubeSat/jL2IpYKd">CubeSats</a>. The previous Taurus-XL launch, carrying the <a href="/facts/Orbiting_Carbon_Observatory/e2C0yIUI">Orbiting Carbon Observatory</a> in February 2009, also failed due to the fairing not separating. </p><p>No more launch failures occurred until mid-August when, over the space of a week, three consecutive orbital launches failed. On 17 August, a <a href="/facts/Proton-M/F9I5QHR7">Proton-M</a>/<a href="/facts/Briz-M/nPncWv0Q">Briz-M</a> launched from the <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur Cosmodrome</a>, carrying the <a href="/facts/Ekspress-AM4/1ymQQ8ak">Ekspress-AM4</a> communications satellite. In the morning of 18 August, the rocket's upper stage failed to conduct the fourth of five planned burns due to an attitude control system malfunction, leaving the spacecraft in a parking orbit. Later that same day, a <a href="/facts/Long_March_2C/VBSyRIx6">Long March 2C</a> launched from Jiuquan carrying the <a href="/facts/Shijian/3dxvaPcw">Shijian XI-04</a> satellite. The second stage vernier engine's mounting suffered a structural failure, resulting in a loss of control, and the rocket failed to reach orbit. Finally, on 24 August, a <a href="/facts/Soyuz-U/XuW0gmYM">Soyuz-U</a> carrying the <a href="/facts/Progress_M-12M/zofXTjod">Progress M-12M</a> cargo spacecraft to the International Space Station suffered a third-stage engine failure and also failed to attain orbit. </p><p>The final launch failure of 2011 occurred on 23 December, when a <a href="/facts/Soyuz-2_(rocket)/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2-1b</a>/<a href="/facts/Fregat/Sv4Ub6GJ">Fregat</a> carrying the <a href="/facts/Meridian_5/nUVdNgfJ">Meridian 5</a> satellite failed to achieve orbit due to a third-stage malfunction. Debris fell over <a href="/facts/Novosibirsk_Oblast/bNTVdt5A">Novosibirsk Oblast</a>, with one piece hitting a house; however, no casualties were reported. </p><p>In November 2011, Russia's <a href="/facts/Fobos-Grunt/mDKzr71w">Fobos-Grunt</a> <a href="/facts/Mars/AQGtVvz0">Martian</a> <a href="/facts/Sample_return/0bcaFtVx">sample return</a> probe launched successfully, but experienced a malfunction post-launch and became stranded in orbit. The spacecraft, which was Russia's first attempt at an interplanetary mission since the 1996 <a href="/facts/Mars_96/R3YLfd37">Mars 96</a> mission, disintegrated over the Pacific Ocean on 15 January 2012.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> China's first Mars probe, <a href="/facts/Yinghuo-1/RXBUx1Q4">Yinghuo-1</a>, which was being carried by the same rocket as Fobos-Grunt, was also lost in the incident. </p> <h2 id="orbital-launches">Orbital launches</h2> <table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/2010_in_spaceflight/RlPJePpe">←</a> Jan</li><li>Feb</li><li>Mar</li><li>Apr</li><li>May</li><li>Jun</li><li>Jul</li><li>Aug</li><li>Sep</li><li>Oct</li><li>Nov</li><li>Dec <a href="/facts/2012_in_spaceflight/6JYypVay">→</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table> <table><tbody><tr><th rowspan="3" scope="col">Date and time (<a href="/facts/UTC/2EnjfSyu">UTC</a>)</th><th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/facts/Rocket/b6j4keIl">Rocket</a></th><th scope="col">Flight number</th><th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/facts/Launch_site/y2SJQ8Wr">Launch site</a></th><th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/facts/Launch_service_provider/zAIh2zt4">LSP</a></th></tr><tr><th rowspan="2"></th><th><a href="/facts/Payload/wb7m7LLV">Payload</a>(⚀ = <a href="/facts/CubeSat/jL2IpYKd">CubeSat</a>)</th><th>Operator</th><th><a href="/facts/Orbit/nD2TPySG">Orbit</a></th><th>Function</th><th><a href="/facts/Orbital_decay/c9rj3aK6">Decay</a> (UTC)</th><th>Outcome</th></tr><tr><th colspan="6">Remarks</th></tr><tr><td colspan="8"><h3>January</h3></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">20 January12:29:01</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Ukraine/Qof0uqAj"></a> <a href="/facts/Zenit-3F/5HmxY0UX">Zenit-3F</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_45/Rnz7eljh">Site 45/1</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Elektro-L_No.1/GhhRnKpG">Elektro-L No.1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geostationary_orbit/VBq1v5Kr">Geostationary</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Weather_satellite/yl7QCK8n">Meteorology</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Maiden flight of Zenit-3F.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">20 January21:10<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Delta_IV/QWun0yHh">Delta IV-H</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base/CHNed3F4">Vandenberg</a> <a href="/facts/Vandenberg_AFB_Space_Launch_Complex_6/mpD2bALS">SLC-6</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/United_Launch_Alliance/yWev1ndb">United Launch Alliance</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/USA-224/63wXQ9pK">USA-224</a> (<a href="/facts/KH-11/yb96hV4E">KH-11</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/National_Reconnaissance_Office/Rnh04L8L">NRO</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">NRO Launch 49, first Delta IV Heavy launch from Vandenberg.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">22 January05:37:57<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/H-IIB/k5CMQBXm">H-IIB</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Tanegashima_Space_Center/PKLppwl8">Tanegashima</a> <a href="/facts/Yoshinobu_Launch_Complex/KsybTnBt">LA-Y2</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/JAXA/ofUpflgf">JAXA</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Kounotori_2/Sznf76Fh">Kounotori 2</a> (<a href="/facts/H-II_Transfer_Vehicle/TM52QWys">HTV-2</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/JAXA/ofUpflgf">JAXA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a> (<a href="/facts/International_Space_Station/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/ISS_logistics/3D6pBpHD">ISS logistics</a></td><td rowspan="1">30 March</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">28 January01:31:41</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-U/XuW0gmYM">Soyuz-U</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Gagarin%27s_Start/9oK8wcD4">Site 1/5</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Progress_M-09M/v3PenUIe">Progress M-09M</a> / 41P</td><td><a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a> (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/ISS_logistics/3D6pBpHD">ISS logistics</a></td><td rowspan="1">26 April13:22:53</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Kedr/uhaBghNu">Kedr</a></td><td><a href="/facts/RKK_Energia/fThW3H3L">RKK Energia</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Amateur_radio_satellite/FQh7pzeM">Amateur radio</a></td><td rowspan="1">4 January 2012<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"><table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/2010_in_spaceflight/RlPJePpe">←</a> Jan</li><li>Feb</li><li>Mar</li><li>Apr</li><li>May</li><li>Jun</li><li>Jul</li><li>Aug</li><li>Sep</li><li>Oct</li><li>Nov</li><li>Dec <a href="/facts/2012_in_spaceflight/6JYypVay">→</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h3>February</h3></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">1 February14:00</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Rokot/xXx9Gzg7">Rokot</a> / <a href="/facts/Briz-KM/nPncWv0Q">Briz-KM</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome/QG25T5Ph">Plesetsk</a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_133/RTxF86WV">Site 133/3</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Russian_Space_Forces/VX0KftEv">VKS</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Kosmos_2470/5EwE3jFX">Kosmos 2470</a> (<a href="/facts/Geo-IK-2/LvNBSNg7">Geo-IK-2</a> No.11)</td><td><a href="/facts/Russian_Space_Forces/VX0KftEv">VKS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_geodesy/r9AAcApl">Geodesy</a></td><td rowspan="1">15 July 2013<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Launch failure</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Upper stage malfunctioned due to problems with the flight software,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> reached lower orbit than planned.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">6 February12:26</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Minotaur_I/1Wf52Wgc">Minotaur I</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base/CHNed3F4">Vandenberg</a> <a href="/facts/Vandenberg_AFB_Space_Launch_Complex_8/d44z7YPy">SLC-8</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Orbital_Sciences_Corporation/WNB0SKlF">Orbital Sciences</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/USA-225/kIWCUzTP">USA-225</a> (RPP)</td><td><a href="/facts/National_Reconnaissance_Office/Rnh04L8L">NRO</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">NRO Launch 66</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">16 February21:50<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Ariane_5_ES/H78wlLG4">Ariane 5 ES</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Guiana_Space_Centre/hp6TSJ6W">Kourou</a> <a href="/facts/ELA-3/KpwR3FYw">ELA-3</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Arianespace/qxMUItMm">Arianespace</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Johannes_Kepler_ATV/9toqCXeB">Johannes Kepler ATV</a></td><td><a href="/facts/European_Space_Agency/L8YRNV0C">ESA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a> (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/ISS_logistics/3D6pBpHD">ISS logistics</a></td><td rowspan="1">21 June</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="6">24 February21:53:24</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Space_Shuttle/7BoyetEv">Space Shuttle</a> <a href="/facts/Space_Shuttle_Discovery/MmSTr4G0"><i>Discovery</i></a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Kennedy_Space_Center/zmwszuPr">Kennedy</a> <a href="/facts/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39/eyNUJcgR">LC-39A</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/United_Space_Alliance/gKY4oCn5">United Space Alliance</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/STS-133/YVSeMVcV">STS-133</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a> (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/ISS_logistics/3D6pBpHD">ISS logistics</a></td><td rowspan="1">9 March16:57:17</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_Nations/fgXLnmgT"></a> <a href="/facts/Permanent_Multipurpose_Module/LTz8eFJB"><i>Leonardo</i></a> (PMM)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Italian_Space_Agency/HNANQ521">ASI</a> / <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a> (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/ISS_assembly/bUUAwcXt">ISS assembly</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_Nations/fgXLnmgT"></a> <a href="/facts/EXPRESS_Logistics_Carrier/KIfWYktH">ExPRESS-4</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a> (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/ISS_logistics/3D6pBpHD">ISS logistics</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Crewed flight, final flight of <i>Discovery</i>.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">26 February03:07</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-2.1b/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2.1b</a> / <a href="/facts/Fregat/Sv4Ub6GJ">Fregat</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome/QG25T5Ph">Plesetsk</a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_43/pxIUWICh">Site 43/4</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/RVSN_RF/HMEx2wvU">RVSN RF</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Kosmos_2471/0YEYqkEJ">Kosmos 2471</a> (<a href="/facts/Glonass-K/WFKBhuW4">Glonass-K</a> <a href="/facts/List_of_GLONASS_satellites/k04t5YTM">701</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Russian_Space_Forces/VX0KftEv">VKS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Medium_Earth_orbit/7Qmz5XxG">Medium Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_navigation/lVgPlF5v">Navigation</a></td><td rowspan="1">12 November 2021</td><td rowspan="1">Successful<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"><table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/2010_in_spaceflight/RlPJePpe">←</a> Jan</li><li>Feb</li><li>Mar</li><li>Apr</li><li>May</li><li>Jun</li><li>Jul</li><li>Aug</li><li>Sep</li><li>Oct</li><li>Nov</li><li>Dec <a href="/facts/2012_in_spaceflight/6JYypVay">→</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h3>March</h3></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="7">4 March10:09:43</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Taurus_(rocket)/XQDB2hca">Taurus-XL</a> 3110</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base/CHNed3F4">Vandenberg</a> <a href="/facts/Vandenberg_AFB_Launch_Complex_576/xGgIm5bW">LC-576E</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Orbital_Sciences/WNB0SKlF">Orbital Sciences</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="6"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Glory_(satellite)/fxWhHGVq">Glory</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>Intended: Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Climatology/bYS7FktY">Climatology</a></td><td rowspan="4">4 March</td><td rowspan="4">Launch failure</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/KySat-1/h42tSjcs">KySat-1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Kentucky_Space/tXn4r72X">Kentucky Space</a></td><td>Intended: <a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Hermes_(satellite)/ceo82Ryw">Hermes</a></td><td><a href="/facts/University_of_Colorado_system/4Vq0nU5H">Colorado</a></td><td>Intended: <a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Explorer-1%27/vAgIbtml">Explorer-1 [PRIME]</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Montana_State_University_-_Bozeman/2c8pVBCj">Montana State</a></td><td>Intended: <a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Radiation/RwMocyeq">Radiation</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">All payloads CubeSats except Glory, which would have been part of the <a href="/facts/A-train_(satellite_constellation)/krMkhA3D">A-train</a> constellation. Fairing failed to separate.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">5 March22:46</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Atlas_V/5SNgegyt">Atlas V</a> 501</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station/dwJ9MCPH">Cape Canaveral</a> <a href="/facts/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Space_Launch_Complex_41/QBUVHdSb">SLC-41</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/United_Launch_Alliance/yWev1ndb">United Launch Alliance</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/USA-226/xKt3Mr1y">USA-226</a> (<a href="/facts/Boeing_X-37/yVpEholX">X-37B FLT-2</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/U.S._Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">U.S. Air Force</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">16 June 201212:48<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">11 March23:38</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Delta_IV/QWun0yHh">Delta IV-M+ (4,2)</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/CCAFS/dwJ9MCPH">Cape Canaveral</a> <a href="/facts/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Space_Launch_Complex_37/bGEN3MjW">SLC-37B</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/United_Launch_Alliance/yWev1ndb">United Launch Alliance</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/USA-227/kw4qm0DL">USA-227</a> (<a href="/facts/SDS-3/nWym8dAB">SDS-3</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/National_Reconnaissance_Office/Rnh04L8L">NRO</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">NRO Launch 27</td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"><table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/2010_in_spaceflight/RlPJePpe">←</a> Jan</li><li>Feb</li><li>Mar</li><li>Apr</li><li>May</li><li>Jun</li><li>Jul</li><li>Aug</li><li>Sep</li><li>Oct</li><li>Nov</li><li>Dec <a href="/facts/2012_in_spaceflight/6JYypVay">→</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h3>April</h3></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">4 April22:18:20<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-FG/IXLFSTfd">Soyuz-FG</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Gagarin%27s_Start/9oK8wcD4">Site 1/5</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz_TMA-21/WaF6z3eb">Soyuz TMA-21</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a> (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Expedition_27/VLHhofHr">Expedition 27</a>/<a href="/facts/Expedition_28/lKYIoBmb">28</a></td><td rowspan="1">16 September03:59:39</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">9 April20:47:04</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_3A/26LcfN0h">Long March 3A</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center/LFCcfqxT">Xichang</a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Launch_Complex_3/LFCcfqxT">LC-3</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/China_National_Space_Administration/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Compass-IGSO3/eW9Ex0WP">Compass-IGSO3</a></td><td><a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Inclined_geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">IGSO</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_navigation/lVgPlF5v">Navigation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="5">14 April04:24</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Atlas_V/5SNgegyt">Atlas V</a> 411<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base/CHNed3F4">Vandenberg</a> <a href="/facts/Vandenberg_AFB_Space_Launch_Complex_3/ocbesEHR">SLC-3E</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/United_Launch_Alliance/yWev1ndb">United Launch Alliance</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/USA-229/2rYSeB1n">USA-229</a> (<a href="/facts/Naval_Ocean_Surveillance_System/QDWDSwy3">NOSS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/National_Reconnaissance_Office/Rnh04L8L">NRO</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/ELINT/Iwzvw6AW">ELINT</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/USA-229/2rYSeB1n">USA-229</a> (<a href="/facts/Naval_Ocean_Surveillance_System/QDWDSwy3">NOSS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/National_Reconnaissance_Office/Rnh04L8L">NRO</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/ELINT/Iwzvw6AW">ELINT</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">NRO Launch 34</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="5">20 April04:42<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle/KantsJM7">PSLV</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre/GkXD3tL3">Satish Dhawan</a> <a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre_First_Launch_Pad/GkXD3tL3">FLP</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/ISRO/CdAoFQTL">ISRO</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Resourcesat-2/QMWLmw4K">Resourcesat-2</a></td><td><a href="/facts/ISRO/CdAoFQTL">ISRO</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/YouthSat/AzfMzLNt">YouthSat</a></td><td><a href="/facts/ISRO/CdAoFQTL">ISRO</a> / <a href="/facts/Lomonosov_Moscow_State_University/xHPG4oau">MGU</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td>Education</td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Singapore/CQDkhUvD"></a> <a href="/facts/X-Sat/z8vbRmzk">X-Sat</a></td><td>CREST</td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="5">22 April21:37<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Ariane_5_ECA/H78wlLG4">Ariane 5 ECA</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Guiana_Space_Centre/hp6TSJ6W">Kourou</a> <a href="/facts/ELA-3/KpwR3FYw">ELA-3</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Arianespace/qxMUItMm">Arianespace</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_Arab_Emirates/o1bEjgbR"></a> <a href="/facts/Yahsat_1A/KHTkDs40">Yahsat 1A</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Yahsat/gd3dkCgP">Yahsat</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_Nations/fgXLnmgT"></a> <a href="/facts/New_Dawn_(satellite)/cTlnKrD3">New Dawn</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Intelsat/uktuBLn9">Intelsat</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Partial spacecraft failure</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">New Dawn's C-Band antenna failed to deploy.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">27 April13:05:21</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-U/XuW0gmYM">Soyuz-U</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Gagarin%27s_Start/9oK8wcD4">Site 1/5</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Progress_M-10M/CFUWV4VY">Progress M-10M</a> / 42P</td><td><a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a> (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/ISS_logistics/3D6pBpHD">ISS logistics</a></td><td rowspan="1">29 October13:00:31</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"><table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/2010_in_spaceflight/RlPJePpe">←</a> Jan</li><li>Feb</li><li>Mar</li><li>Apr</li><li>May</li><li>Jun</li><li>Jul</li><li>Aug</li><li>Sep</li><li>Oct</li><li>Nov</li><li>Dec <a href="/facts/2012_in_spaceflight/6JYypVay">→</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h3>May</h3></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">4 May17:41:33<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-2.1a/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2.1a</a> / <a href="/facts/Fregat/Sv4Ub6GJ">Fregat</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome/QG25T5Ph">Plesetsk</a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_43/pxIUWICh">Site 43/4</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/RVSN_RF/HMEx2wvU">RVSN RF</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Meridian_4/5oyWL3d8">Meridian 4</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Russian_Space_Forces/VX0KftEv">VKS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Medium_Earth_orbit/7Qmz5XxG">Medium Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">7 May18:10</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Atlas_V/5SNgegyt">Atlas V</a> 401</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/CCAFS/dwJ9MCPH">Cape Canaveral</a> <a href="/facts/SLC-41/QBUVHdSb">SLC-41</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/United_Launch_Alliance/yWev1ndb">United Launch Alliance</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/USA-230/xMTvmSzl">USA-230</a> (<a href="/facts/SBIRS/Gm803PNp">SBIRS-GEO</a> 1)</td><td><a href="/facts/U.S._Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">U.S. Air Force</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Missile_defense/p12UNXRz">Missile defense</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="6">16 May12:56</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Space_Shuttle/7BoyetEv">Space Shuttle</a> <a href="/facts/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour/fcX8nN5Q"><i>Endeavour</i></a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Kennedy_Space_Center/zmwszuPr">Kennedy</a> <a href="/facts/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39/eyNUJcgR">LC-39A</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/United_Space_Alliance/gKY4oCn5">United Space Alliance</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/STS-134/vXf9Dmcv">STS-134</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a> (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/ISS_logistics/3D6pBpHD">ISS logistics</a></td><td rowspan="1">1 June06:35</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_Nations/fgXLnmgT"></a> <a href="/facts/Alpha_Magnetic_Spectrometer/lcd9kQwf">AMS-02</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a> (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Cosmic-ray_observatory/LClVCFjY">Cosmic-ray observatory</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_Nations/fgXLnmgT"></a> <a href="/facts/EXPRESS_Logistics_Carrier/KIfWYktH">ExPRESS-3</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a> (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/ISS_logistics/3D6pBpHD">ISS logistics</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Crewed flight, final flight of <i>Endeavour</i>.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">20 May19:15<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Proton-M/F9I5QHR7">Proton-M</a>/<a href="/facts/Briz-M/nPncWv0Q">Briz-M</a> Enhanced</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_200/NpCuRkDs">Site 200/39</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/International_Launch_Services/8bocEJ1I">International Launch Services</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a> <a href="/facts/Telstar_14R/qk0tnB0I">Telstar 14R</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Telesat/08P0R7q4">Telesat</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Partial spacecraft failure</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Second solar panel failed to deploy due to tangled cable<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">20 May20:38<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Ariane_5_ECA/H78wlLG4">Ariane 5 ECA</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Guiana_Space_Centre/hp6TSJ6W">Kourou</a> <a href="/facts/ELA-3/KpwR3FYw">ELA-3</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Arianespace/qxMUItMm">Arianespace</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Singapore/CQDkhUvD"></a> <a href="/facts/Taiwan/VcJoUD8w"></a> <a href="/facts/ST-2/qE9IY11x">ST-2</a></td><td><a href="/facts/SingTel/1ELDfS2l">SingTel</a> / <a href="/facts/Chunghwa_Telecom/StRXs5AV">Chunghwa</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/GSAT-8/ldEESmp2">INSAT-4G/GSAT-8</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/ISRO/CdAoFQTL">ISRO</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"><table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/2010_in_spaceflight/RlPJePpe">←</a> Jan</li><li>Feb</li><li>Mar</li><li>Apr</li><li>May</li><li>Jun</li><li>Jul</li><li>Aug</li><li>Sep</li><li>Oct</li><li>Nov</li><li>Dec <a href="/facts/2012_in_spaceflight/6JYypVay">→</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h3>June</h3></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">7 June20:12:45</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-FG/IXLFSTfd">Soyuz-FG</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Gagarin%27s_Start/9oK8wcD4">Site 1/5</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz_TMA-02M/64MNQ6Kr">Soyuz TMA-02M</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a> (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Expedition_28/lKYIoBmb">Expedition 28</a>/<a href="/facts/Expedition_29/fInLhdvE">29</a></td><td rowspan="1">22 November02:26</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">10 June14:20</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Delta_II/GoBa3Qch">Delta II</a> 7320</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base/CHNed3F4">Vandenberg</a> <a href="/facts/Vandenberg_AFB_Space_Launch_Complex_2/rPgwG53u">SLC-2W</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/United_Launch_Alliance/yWev1ndb">United Launch Alliance</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Argentina/aFSA5bAk"></a> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/SAC-D/QTKpGRhD">SAC-D</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Comisi%C3%B3n_Nacional_de_Actividades_Espaciales/fzXScbYu">CONAE</a> / <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Oceanography/LtrG6peD">Oceanography</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Final scheduled flight of Delta II 7300 series; spacecraft carrying NASA's <a href="/facts/Aquarius_(SAC-D_instrument)/vWCrN2xE">Aquarius</a> instrument.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">15 June09:14</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> <a href="/facts/Safir_(rocket)/jmDrfeug">Safir-1A</a></td><td>UIS.0001</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> <a href="/facts/Semnan_Space_Center/bQ1ImTG4">Semnan</a> <a href="/facts/Semnan_Space_Center/bQ1ImTG4">LP-1</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> <a href="/facts/Iranian_Space_Agency/UEzFYESI">ISA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> <a href="/facts/Rasad_(satellite)/kce2beGW">Rasad 1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Iranian_Space_Agency/UEzFYESI">ISA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">6 July 2011</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">20 June16:13<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_3B/7HAsDyeL">Long March 3B</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center/LFCcfqxT">Xichang</a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Launch_Complex_2/LFCcfqxT">LC-2</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/ChinaSat_10/FEDB6peg">ChinaSat 10</a></td><td><a href="/facts/China_Satellite_Communications/4dTsFAox">China Satellite Communications</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">21 June14:38</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-U/XuW0gmYM">Soyuz-U</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Gagarin%27s_Start/9oK8wcD4">Site 1/5</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Progress_M-11M/FkBWPTwA">Progress M-11M</a> / 43P</td><td><a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a> (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/ISS_logistics/3D6pBpHD">ISS logistics</a></td><td rowspan="1">1 September10:21:41</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">27 June16:00<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-U/XuW0gmYM">Soyuz-U</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome/QG25T5Ph">Plesetsk</a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_16/h4ryNxzS">Site 16/2</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Russian_Space_Forces/VX0KftEv">VKS</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Kosmos_2472/eqAYBqfr">Kosmos 2472</a> (<a href="/facts/Kobalt-M/SLVI8KNK">Kobalt-M</a> No.7)</td><td><a href="/facts/Russian_Space_Forces/VX0KftEv">VKS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Reconnaissance_satellite/LkL0IYHH">Reconnaissance</a></td><td rowspan="1">24 October</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">30 June03:09</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Minotaur_I/1Wf52Wgc">Minotaur I</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Mid-Atlantic_Regional_Spaceport/NerIMmk0">MARS</a> <a href="/facts/Mid-Atlantic_Regional_Spaceport_Launch_Pad_0/tdB0Io71">LP-0B</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Orbital_Sciences/WNB0SKlF">Orbital Sciences</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/USA-231/43DI4WDI">USA-231</a> (ORS-1)</td><td><a href="/facts/Operationally_Responsive_Space_Office/Vtj0GAbl">ORSO</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Reconnaissance_satellite/LkL0IYHH">Reconnaissance</a></td><td rowspan="1">12 March 2018<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"><table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/2010_in_spaceflight/RlPJePpe">←</a> Jan</li><li>Feb</li><li>Mar</li><li>Apr</li><li>May</li><li>Jun</li><li>Jul</li><li>Aug</li><li>Sep</li><li>Oct</li><li>Nov</li><li>Dec <a href="/facts/2012_in_spaceflight/6JYypVay">→</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h3>July</h3></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">6 July04:28<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_2C/VBSyRIx6">Long March 2C</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center/cenXHpsK">Jiuquan</a> <a href="/facts/Jiuquan_Launch_Area_4/wIqIbEWl">SLS-2</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Shijian/3dxvaPcw">Shijian 11-03</a></td><td><a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="6">8 July15:29</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Space_Shuttle/7BoyetEv">Space Shuttle</a> <a href="/facts/Space_Shuttle_Atlantis/3NQUThEB"><i>Atlantis</i></a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Kennedy_Space_Center/zmwszuPr">Kennedy</a> <a href="/facts/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39/eyNUJcgR">LC-39A</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/United_Space_Alliance/gKY4oCn5">United Space Alliance</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/STS-135/K9lMMNWC">STS-135</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a> (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/ISS_logistics/3D6pBpHD">ISS logistics</a></td><td rowspan="2">21 July 201109:57</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF"></a> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Raffaello_MPLM/aaL9VsyI"><i>Raffaelo</i> MPLM</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a> (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/ISS_logistics/3D6pBpHD">ISS logistics</a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/PSSC-2/t7xdyJtg">PSSC-2</a></td><td><a href="/facts/U.S._Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">U.S. Air Force</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">8 December</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Crewed flight, final flight of <i>Atlantis</i> and of <a href="/facts/Space_Shuttle_program/6Ikdvwsw">Space Shuttle programme</a>.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">11 July15:41<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_3C/mFRsmux1">Long March 3C</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center/LFCcfqxT">Xichang</a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Launch_Complex_2/LFCcfqxT">LC-2</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Tianlian_I-02/oymQAL9x">Tianlian I-02</a> (1B)</td><td><a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="8">13 July02:27<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-2.1a/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2.1a</a> / <a href="/facts/Fregat/Sv4Ub6GJ">Fregat</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_31/R5tljuwK">Site 31/6</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Starsem/16WNgNdt">Starsem</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="7"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Globalstar M081</td><td><a href="/facts/Globalstar/4Tq51wvu">Globalstar</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Globalstar M083</td><td><a href="/facts/Globalstar/4Tq51wvu">Globalstar</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Globalstar M085</td><td><a href="/facts/Globalstar/4Tq51wvu">Globalstar</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Globalstar M088</td><td><a href="/facts/Globalstar/4Tq51wvu">Globalstar</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Globalstar M089</td><td><a href="/facts/Globalstar/4Tq51wvu">Globalstar</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Globalstar M091</td><td><a href="/facts/Globalstar/4Tq51wvu">Globalstar</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">15 July11:18</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/PSLV-XL/KantsJM7">PSLV-XL</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre/GkXD3tL3">Satish Dhawan</a> <a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre_First_Launch_Pad/GkXD3tL3">FLP</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/ISRO/CdAoFQTL">ISRO</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/GSAT-12/S98aEqjP">GSAT-12</a></td><td><a href="/facts/ISRO/CdAoFQTL">ISRO</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">15 July23:16</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Proton-M/F9I5QHR7">Proton-M</a> / <a href="/facts/Briz-M/nPncWv0Q">Briz-M</a> Enhanced</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_200/NpCuRkDs">Site 200/39</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/International_Launch_Services/8bocEJ1I">International Launch Services</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Netherlands/y8xn5stT"></a> <a href="/facts/SES-3/L0xoJV3S">SES-3</a></td><td><a href="/facts/SES_World_Skies/nR8P6DJy">SES World Skies</a> (July–September)<a href="/facts/SES_S.A./rmak3edy">SES S.A.</a> (September—)</td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/KazSat-2/aKG1658K">KazSat-2</a></td><td>JSC KazSat</td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">16 July06:41</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Delta_IV/QWun0yHh">Delta IV</a>-M+ (4,2)</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/CCAFS/dwJ9MCPH">Cape Canaveral</a> <a href="/facts/SLC-37B/bGEN3MjW">SLC-37B</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/United_Launch_Alliance/yWev1ndb">United Launch Alliance</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/USA-232/WsPU8o4w">USA-232</a> (<a href="/facts/GPS_Block_IIF/Ulb107AA">GPS-IIF-2</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/U.S._Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">U.S. Air Force</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Medium_Earth_orbit/7Qmz5XxG">Medium Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_navigation/lVgPlF5v">Navigation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">18 July02:31<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Ukraine/Qof0uqAj"></a> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Zenit-3F/5HmxY0UX">Zenit-3F</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_45/Rnz7eljh">Site 45/1</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Spektr-R/D6lgHW25">Spektr-R</a> (RadioAstron)</td><td><a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td><td><a href="/facts/High_Earth_orbit/ttK1a3qL">High Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Radio_astronomy/TdjF4LgL">Radio astronomy</a></td><td rowspan="1">30 May 2019</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Russian scientific satellite with a 10 m (33 ft) <a href="/facts/Radio_telescope/SxIXUowL">radio telescope</a> on board. Together with some of the largest ground-based radio telescopes, the Spektr-R formed <a href="/facts/Interferometer/X3E1SsQT">interferometric</a> baselines extending up to 350,000 km (220,000 mi).</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">26 July21:44<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_3A/26LcfN0h">Long March 3A</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center/LFCcfqxT">Xichang</a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Launch_Complex_3/LFCcfqxT">LC-3</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Compass-IGSO4/eW9Ex0WP">Compass-IGSO4</a></td><td><a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Inclined_geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">IGSO</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_navigation/lVgPlF5v">Navigation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">29 July07:42<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_2C/VBSyRIx6">Long March 2C</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center/cenXHpsK">Jiuquan</a> <a href="/facts/Jiuquan_Launch_Area_4/wIqIbEWl">SLS-2</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Shijian/3dxvaPcw">Shijian 11-02</a></td><td><a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"><table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/2010_in_spaceflight/RlPJePpe">←</a> Jan</li><li>Feb</li><li>Mar</li><li>Apr</li><li>May</li><li>Jun</li><li>Jul</li><li>Aug</li><li>Sep</li><li>Oct</li><li>Nov</li><li>Dec <a href="/facts/2012_in_spaceflight/6JYypVay">→</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h3>August</h3></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">5 August16:25<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Atlas_V/5SNgegyt">Atlas V</a> 551</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/CCAFS/dwJ9MCPH">Cape Canaveral</a> <a href="/facts/SLC-41/QBUVHdSb">SLC-41</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/United_Launch_Alliance/yWev1ndb">United Launch Alliance</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Juno_(spacecraft)/UzlYPApe">Juno</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Jovicentric_orbit/l5bSKRcJ">Jovicentric</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Jupiter/95m7XjMT">Jupiter</a> <a href="/facts/Exploration_of_Jupiter/IJXGVWPc">orbiter</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">6 August22:52<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Ariane_5_ECA/H78wlLG4">Ariane 5 ECA</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Guiana_Space_Centre/hp6TSJ6W">Kourou</a> <a href="/facts/ELA-3/KpwR3FYw">ELA-3</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Arianespace/qxMUItMm">Arianespace</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Luxembourg/vRN04l7f"></a> <a href="/facts/Astra_1N/lft4onUb">Astra 1N</a></td><td><a href="/facts/SES_Astra/uoNrHmWN">SES Astra</a> (August–September)<a href="/facts/SES_S.A./rmak3edy">SES S.A.</a> (September—)</td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/BSAT-3c/hcmMhywf">BSAT-3c</a> / <a href="/facts/JCSAT-110R/hcmMhywf">JCSAT-110R</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Broadcasting_Satellite_System_Corporation/3kF2XT3P">BSAT</a> / <a href="/facts/SKY_Perfect_JSAT_Group/sG2o2f5B">JSAT</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">11 August16:15<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_3B/E/7HAsDyeL">Long March 3B/E</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center/LFCcfqxT">Xichang</a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Launch_Complex_2/LFCcfqxT">LC-2</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Pakistan/cbIsvJy1"></a> <a href="/facts/Paksat-1R/zU3hEYvC">Paksat-1R</a></td><td><a href="/facts/SUPARCO/HDpXul84">SUPARCO</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">15 August22:57<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_4B/CY23M8Ra">Long March 4B</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Taiyuan_Satellite_Launch_Center/qgEeV9KG">Taiyuan</a> LC-2</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Haiyang_(satellite)/ePg0S4T3">Hai Yang 2A</a></td><td><a href="/facts/China_Academy_of_Space_Technology/m6a1tVXG">CAST</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Oceanography/LtrG6peD">Oceanography</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="10">17 August07:12<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Ukraine/Qof0uqAj"></a> <a href="/facts/Dnepr_(rocket)/g3VIdEfT">Dnepr</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Dombarovsky_Air_Base/Lonyn6ke">Dombarovsky</a> Site 13</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/ISC_Kosmotras/BCvJoDv6">ISC Kosmotras</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="9"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Ukraine/Qof0uqAj"></a> Sich-2</td><td><a href="/facts/NKAU/aR8mUIXj">NKAU</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Nigeria/gbW17BX8"></a> NigeriaSat-2</td><td><a href="/facts/NASRDA/r31F6J2t">NASRDA</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Nigeria/gbW17BX8"></a> NigeriaSat-X</td><td><a href="/facts/NASRDA/r31F6J2t">NASRDA</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Turkey/KIYAWAs0"></a> <a href="/facts/RASAT/URcWgoXC">RASAT</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Scientific_and_Technological_Research_Council_of_Turkey/J3FzNdv5">TÜBİTAK</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF"></a> <a href="/facts/EduSAT/px0exnbq">EduSAT</a></td><td><a href="/facts/GAUSS_Srl/l3v5xyU6">GAUSS Srl</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a> <a href="/facts/AprizeSat-5/Cj5VGP77">AprizeSat-5</a></td><td><a href="/facts/ExactEarth/UKjGzy68">exactEarth</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a> <a href="/facts/AprizeSat-6/Cj5VGP77">AprizeSat-6</a></td><td><a href="/facts/ExactEarth/UKjGzy68">exactEarth</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Ukraine/Qof0uqAj"></a> BPA-2</td><td>Hartron-Arkos</td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">17 August21:25<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Proton-M/F9I5QHR7">Proton-M</a> / <a href="/facts/Briz-M/nPncWv0Q">Briz-M</a> Enhanced</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_200/NpCuRkDs">Site 200/39</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Khrunichev/bDrbWPoH">Khrunichev</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> Ekspress AM-4</td><td><a href="/facts/Russian_Satellite_Communications_Company/1zu4Wmvn">RSCC</a></td><td>Intended: <a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a>Achieved: <a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_transfer_orbit/1WwL0SPz">GTO</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">25 March 2012</td><td rowspan="1">Launch failure</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Briz-M upper stage failed before the planned fourth burn. An insufficient time slot was allocated for re-setting the gyroscopes of the upper stage control system before launch, which led to loss of adequate attitude control in flight.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">18 August09:28<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_2C/VBSyRIx6">Long March 2C</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center/cenXHpsK">Jiuquan</a> <a href="/facts/Jiuquan_Launch_Area_4/wIqIbEWl">SLS-2</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Shijian/3dxvaPcw">Shijian 11-04</a></td><td><a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td><td>Intended: Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">18 August</td><td rowspan="1">Launch failure</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Failed to reach orbit. Second stage's vernier engine support structure failed in flight, led to loss of attitude control.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">24 August13:00<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-U/XuW0gmYM">Soyuz-U</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Gagarin%27s_Start/9oK8wcD4">Site 1/5</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Progress_M-12M/zofXTjod">Progress M-12M</a> / 44P</td><td><a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td><td>Intended: <a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a> (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/ISS_logistics/3D6pBpHD">ISS logistics</a></td><td rowspan="1">24 August</td><td rowspan="1">Launch failure</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Third stage engine failure 325 seconds after launch due to the gas generator fuel supply pipeline being blocked by contaminants.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"><table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/2010_in_spaceflight/RlPJePpe">←</a> Jan</li><li>Feb</li><li>Mar</li><li>Apr</li><li>May</li><li>Jun</li><li>Jul</li><li>Aug</li><li>Sep</li><li>Oct</li><li>Nov</li><li>Dec <a href="/facts/2012_in_spaceflight/6JYypVay">→</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h3>September</h3></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="5">10 September13:08:52<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Delta_II/GoBa3Qch">Delta II</a> 7920H</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/CCAFS/dwJ9MCPH">Cape Canaveral</a> <a href="/facts/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Space_Launch_Complex_17/7Cl4P58d">SLC-17B</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/United_Launch_Alliance/yWev1ndb">United Launch Alliance</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/GRAIL/1mADQk2x">GRAIL-A</a> (Ebb)</td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Lunar_orbit/486BxvD6">Selenocentric</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Exploration_of_the_Moon/lFKweAk3">Lunar orbiter</a></td><td rowspan="1">17 December 201222:28:51<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/GRAIL/1mADQk2x">GRAIL-B</a> (Flow)</td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Lunar_orbit/486BxvD6">Selenocentric</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Exploration_of_the_Moon/lFKweAk3">Lunar orbiter</a></td><td rowspan="1">17 December 201222:29:21<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Final launch of Delta II Heavy, final Delta II launch from Cape Canaveral, and last launch from SLC-17.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">18 September16:33<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_3B/E/7HAsDyeL">Long March 3B/E</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center/LFCcfqxT">Xichang</a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Launch_Complex_2/LFCcfqxT">LC-2</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Chinasat/s2B9V1lI">Chinasat-1A</a></td><td><a href="/facts/China_Satcom/4dTsFAox">China Satcom</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">20 September22:47</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Proton-M/F9I5QHR7">Proton-M</a> / <a href="/facts/Briz-M/nPncWv0Q">Briz-M</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_81/vdwwQdaH">Site 81/24</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Khrunichev_State_Research_and_Production_Space_Center/bDrbWPoH">Khrunichev</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Kosmos_2473/FzMRI8yp">Kosmos 2473</a> (Garpun #1)</td><td><a href="/facts/Russian_Space_Forces/VX0KftEv">VKS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">21 September21:38</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Ariane_5_ECA/H78wlLG4">Ariane 5 ECA</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Guiana_Space_Centre/hp6TSJ6W">Kourou</a> <a href="/facts/ELA-3/KpwR3FYw">ELA-3</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Arianespace/qxMUItMm">Arianespace</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Saudi_Arabia/uyUpe1J2"></a> Arabsat 5C</td><td><a href="/facts/Arab_Satellite_Communications_Organization/quyPE2KF">Arabsat</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Netherlands/y8xn5stT"></a> <a href="/facts/SES-2/36cKVm3w">SES-2</a></td><td><a href="/facts/SES_S.A./rmak3edy">SES S.A.</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">23 September04:36:50</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/H-IIA/W9Q48DHS">H-IIA</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Tanegashima_Space_Center/PKLppwl8">Tanegashima</a> <a href="/facts/Yoshinobu_Launch_Complex/KsybTnBt">LA-Y1</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Mitsubishi_Heavy_Industries/8sEQU1Yn">MHI</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Information_Gathering_Satellite/lfL2Q5pP">IGS Optical 4</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Cabinet_Intelligence_and_Research_Office/5YTMuzTD">CSICE</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Reconnaissance_satellite/LkL0IYHH">Reconnaissance</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Successful<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">24 September20:18</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Ukraine/Qof0uqAj"></a> <a href="/facts/Zenit-3SL/g2gQntg4">Zenit-3SL</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Norway/wlDRKRTR"></a> <a href="/facts/Ocean_Odyssey/TyQxvjdp">Ocean Odyssey</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_Nations/fgXLnmgT"></a> <a href="/facts/Sea_Launch/7LbLz348">Sea Launch</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Atlantic Bird 7</td><td><a href="/facts/Eutelsat/XEv7LccL">Eutelsat</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">27 September15:49</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Minotaur_IV/3j8AaMDd">Minotaur IV+</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Kodiak_Launch_Complex/HNyk1k1K">Kodiak</a> LP-1</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Orbital_Sciences/WNB0SKlF">Orbital Sciences</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/TacSat-4/pfbCb30G">TacSat-4</a></td><td><a href="/facts/U.S._Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">U.S. Air Force</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Highly_elliptical_orbit/93YbggYy">Highly elliptical</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">29 September13:16:03<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_2F/G/JSztWT6A">Long March 2F/G</a></td><td>T1</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center/cenXHpsK">Jiuquan</a> <a href="/facts/Jiuquan_Launch_Area_4/wIqIbEWl">SLS-1</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Tiangong-1/YoX6HLeX">Tiangong-1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/China_Manned_Space_Agency/dQ3bBUbf">CMSA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Space_station/2HtaLbDH">Space station</a></td><td rowspan="1">2 April 201800:16<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Maiden flight of Long March 2F/G, first Chinese space station prototype.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">29 September18:32<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Proton-M/F9I5QHR7">Proton-M</a> / <a href="/facts/Briz-M/nPncWv0Q">Briz-M</a> Enhanced</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_200/NpCuRkDs">Site 200/39</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/International_Launch_Services/8bocEJ1I">International Launch Services</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Isle_of_Man/HG7bYyA8"></a> <a href="/facts/QuetzSat_1/0RILBWfW">QuetzSat 1</a></td><td>SES Satellite Leasing</td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Intended for lease to QuetzSat.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"><table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/2010_in_spaceflight/RlPJePpe">←</a> Jan</li><li>Feb</li><li>Mar</li><li>Apr</li><li>May</li><li>Jun</li><li>Jul</li><li>Aug</li><li>Sep</li><li>Oct</li><li>Nov</li><li>Dec <a href="/facts/2012_in_spaceflight/6JYypVay">→</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h3>October</h3></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">2 October20:15</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-2.1b/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2.1b</a> / <a href="/facts/Fregat/Sv4Ub6GJ">Fregat</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome/QG25T5Ph">Plesetsk</a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_43/pxIUWICh">Site 43/4</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/RVSN_RF/HMEx2wvU">RVSN RF</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Kosmos_2474/F3M4FHMN">Kosmos 2474</a> (<a href="/facts/Glonass-M/zxFp5tkR">Glonass-M</a> <a href="/facts/List_of_GLONASS_satellites/k04t5YTM">742</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Russian_Space_Forces/VX0KftEv">VKS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Medium_Earth_orbit/7Qmz5XxG">Medium Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_navigation/lVgPlF5v">Navigation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">5 October21:00</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Ukraine/Qof0uqAj"></a> <a href="/facts/Zenit-3SLB/ewVWBXsz">Zenit-3SLB</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_45/Rnz7eljh">Site 45/1</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_Nations/fgXLnmgT"></a> <a href="/facts/Land_Launch/47w9dglI">Land Launch</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_Nations/fgXLnmgT"></a> <a href="/facts/Intelsat_18/uktuBLn9">Intelsat 18</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Intelsat/uktuBLn9">Intelsat</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">7 October08:21</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_3B/E/7HAsDyeL">Long March 3B/E</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center/LFCcfqxT">Xichang</a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Launch_Complex_2/LFCcfqxT">LC-2</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> Eutelsat W3C</td><td><a href="/facts/Eutelsat/XEv7LccL">Eutelsat</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="6">12 October05:31</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/PSLV-CA/KantsJM7">PSLV-CA</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre/GkXD3tL3">Satish Dhawan</a> <a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre_First_Launch_Pad/GkXD3tL3">FLP</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/ISRO/CdAoFQTL">ISRO</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Megha-Tropiques/MTqljJox">Megha-Tropiques</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/ISRO/CdAoFQTL">ISRO</a> / <a href="/facts/CNES/4eJbr1fQ">CNES</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Climatology/bYS7FktY">Climatology</a></td><td rowspan="1">7 March 2023<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/SRMSAT/co1cVXb9">SRMSAT</a></td><td><a href="/facts/SRM_Institute_of_Science_and_Technology/nHIyJCXo">SRM</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Climatology/bYS7FktY">Climatology</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Luxembourg/vRN04l7f"></a> <a href="/facts/VesselSat-1/M2mxYQMI">VesselSat-1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Luxspace/jaK3sryn">Luxspace</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Jugnu_(satellite)/qvw7p3yp">Jugnu</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Indian_Institute_of_Technology_Kanpur/Xr7t3nfR">IITK</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">19 October18:48</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Proton-M/F9I5QHR7">Proton-M</a> / <a href="/facts/Briz-M/nPncWv0Q">Briz-M</a> Enhanced</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_200/NpCuRkDs">Site 200/39</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/International_Launch_Services/8bocEJ1I">International Launch Services</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Isle_of_Man/HG7bYyA8"></a> <a href="/facts/ViaSat-1/vNGJpv8V">ViaSat-1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/ViaSat/VxRn12zo">ViaSat</a>-IOM / ManSat</td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="5">21 October<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68"><sup>68</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69"><sup>69</sup></a>10:30</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz_ST-B/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz ST-B</a> / <a href="/facts/Fregat/Sv4Ub6GJ">Fregat-MT</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Guiana_Space_Centre/hp6TSJ6W">Kourou</a> <a href="/facts/Ensemble_de_Lancement_Soyouz/KfapNnLj">ELS</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Arianespace/qxMUItMm">Arianespace</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4"></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)/sPyWl594">Galileo</a> <a href="/facts/List_of_Galileo_satellites/VqEP3MKe">IOV 1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/ESA/L8YRNV0C">ESA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Medium_Earth_orbit/7Qmz5XxG">Medium Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_navigation/lVgPlF5v">Navigation</a> / <a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)/sPyWl594">Galileo</a> <a href="/facts/List_of_Galileo_satellites/VqEP3MKe">IOV 2</a></td><td><a href="/facts/ESA/L8YRNV0C">ESA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Medium_Earth_orbit/7Qmz5XxG">Medium Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_navigation/lVgPlF5v">Navigation</a> / <a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">First Soyuz launch from Kourou.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="9">28 October09:48:01</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Delta_II/GoBa3Qch">Delta II</a> 7920-10</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base/CHNed3F4">Vandenberg</a> <a href="/facts/SLC-2W/rPgwG53u">SLC-2W</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/United_Launch_Alliance/yWev1ndb">United Launch Alliance</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="8"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/NPOESS_Preparatory_Project/LSDxT28K">NPP</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a> / <a href="/facts/NOAA/IvcuqNJg">NOAA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Weather_satellite/yl7QCK8n">Meteorology</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/AubieSat_1/rW5W0mQc">AubieSat 1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Auburn_University/kz4YvffX">Auburn University</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Dynamic_Ionosphere_CubeSat_Experiment/zC4SvxGX">DICE-1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Space_Dynamics_Laboratory/fUw75mWV">Space Dynamics Laboratory</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Magnetosphere/BXzgPoPy">Magnetospheric research</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Dynamic_Ionosphere_CubeSat_Experiment/zC4SvxGX">DICE-2</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Space_Dynamics_Laboratory/fUw75mWV">Space Dynamics Laboratory</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Magnetosphere/BXzgPoPy">Magnetospheric research</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> E1P-U2</td><td><a href="/facts/Montana_State_University_-_Bozeman/2c8pVBCj">Montana State</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Radiation/RwMocyeq">Radiation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/M-Cubed/tuhSgtw6">M-Cubed</a></td><td><a href="/facts/University_of_Michigan/6e1Ea5xh">University of Michigan</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td>⚀ <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/RAX-2/09WvN3ov">RAX-2</a></td><td><a href="/facts/University_of_Michigan/6e1Ea5xh">University of Michigan</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Aurora_(astronomy)/6agpj9Qs">Auroral</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">30 October10:11</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-U/XuW0gmYM">Soyuz-U</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Gagarin%27s_Start/9oK8wcD4">Site 1/5</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Progress_M-13M/jbGRyDDh">Progress M-13M</a> / 45P</td><td><a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a> (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/ISS_logistics/3D6pBpHD">ISS logistics</a></td><td rowspan="1">25 January 2012</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> Chibis-M (RS-39)</td><td><a href="/facts/Russian_Space_Research_Institute/vERX67sn">IKI</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Ionosphere/mT9tTBE5">Ionospheric research</a></td><td rowspan="1">15 October 2014</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="5">31 October21:58:10</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_2F/JSztWT6A">Long March 2F</a></td><td>Y8</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center/cenXHpsK">Jiuquan</a> <a href="/facts/Jiuquan_Launch_Area_4/wIqIbEWl">SLS-1</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Shenzhou_8/92pkbsEk">Shenzhou 8</a></td><td><a href="/facts/China_Manned_Space_Agency/dQ3bBUbf">CMSA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a> (<a href="/facts/Tiangong-1/YoX6HLeX">Tiangong-1</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">17 November11:36</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Shenzhou_8/92pkbsEk">Shenzhou-8-GC</a></td><td><a href="/facts/China_Manned_Space_Agency/dQ3bBUbf">CMSA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a> (<a href="/facts/Tiangong-1/YoX6HLeX">Tiangong-1</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">2 April 2012</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Uncrewed flight, first Chinese orbital docking.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"><table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/2010_in_spaceflight/RlPJePpe">←</a> Jan</li><li>Feb</li><li>Mar</li><li>Apr</li><li>May</li><li>Jun</li><li>Jul</li><li>Aug</li><li>Sep</li><li>Oct</li><li>Nov</li><li>Dec <a href="/facts/2012_in_spaceflight/6JYypVay">→</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h3>November</h3></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="5">4 November12:51:41<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70"><sup>70</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Proton-M/F9I5QHR7">Proton-M</a> / <a href="/facts/Briz-M/nPncWv0Q">Briz-M</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_81/vdwwQdaH">Site 81/24</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Khrunichev_State_Research_and_Production_Space_Center/bDrbWPoH">Khrunichev</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Kosmos_2475/XB6jobcw">Kosmos 2475</a> (<a href="/facts/Glonass-M/zxFp5tkR">Glonass-M</a> <a href="/facts/List_of_GLONASS_satellites/k04t5YTM">743</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Russian_Space_Forces/VX0KftEv">VKS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Medium_Earth_orbit/7Qmz5XxG">Medium Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_navigation/lVgPlF5v">Navigation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Kosmos_2476/hnHNR5Pr">Kosmos 2476</a> (<a href="/facts/Glonass-M/zxFp5tkR">Glonass-M</a> <a href="/facts/List_of_GLONASS_satellites/k04t5YTM">744</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Russian_Space_Forces/VX0KftEv">VKS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Medium_Earth_orbit/7Qmz5XxG">Medium Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_navigation/lVgPlF5v">Navigation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Kosmos_2477/pjvEHes3">Kosmos 2477</a> (<a href="/facts/Glonass-M/zxFp5tkR">Glonass-M</a> <a href="/facts/List_of_GLONASS_satellites/k04t5YTM">745</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Russian_Space_Forces/VX0KftEv">VKS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Medium_Earth_orbit/7Qmz5XxG">Medium Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_navigation/lVgPlF5v">Navigation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="5">8 November20:16</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Ukraine/Qof0uqAj"></a> <a href="/facts/Zenit-2M/zKxwo7uc">Zenit-2M</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_45/Rnz7eljh">Site 45/1</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Fobos-Grunt/mDKzr71w">Fobos-Grunt</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td><td>Intended: <a href="/facts/Areocentric_orbit/PPVyd4u7">Areocentric</a>Achieved: <a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Phobos_(moon)/qqS9JvuG">Phobos</a> <a href="/facts/Sample-return_mission/0bcaFtVx">sample return</a></td><td rowspan="2">15 January 2012</td><td rowspan="2">Spacecraft failure</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Yinghuo-1/RXBUx1Q4">Yinghuo-1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td><td>Intended: <a href="/facts/Areocentric_orbit/PPVyd4u7">Areocentric</a>Achieved: <a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Mars/AQGtVvz0">Mars</a> <a href="/facts/Exploration_of_Mars/CbCgmNcH">orbiter</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">First Russian attempt at an interplanetary mission since 1996.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71"><sup>71</sup></a>First Chinese Mars probeSpacecraft stranded in low Earth orbit, as telemetry was lost soon after launch and the two trans-Martian injection burns by the payload did not take place<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72"><sup>72</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">9 November03:21<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73"><sup>73</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_4B/CY23M8Ra">Long March 4B</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Taiyuan_Satellite_Launch_Center/qgEeV9KG">Taiyuan</a> LC-2</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Yaogan_12/cAsq1JnM">Yaogan 12</a></td><td><a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Reconnaissance_satellite/LkL0IYHH">Reconnaissance</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Tian Xun 1</td><td><a href="/facts/Nanjing_University_of_Aeronautics_and_Astronautics/krfCzy8g">Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">7 February 2016<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74"><sup>74</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">14 November04:14<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75"><sup>75</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-FG/IXLFSTfd">Soyuz-FG</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Gagarin%27s_Start/9oK8wcD4">Site 1/5</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz_TMA-22/VxjqQsWQ">Soyuz TMA-22</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a> (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Expedition_29/fInLhdvE">Expedition 29</a>/<a href="/facts/Expedition_30/zu6h2h7g">30</a></td><td rowspan="1">27 April 2012</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">20 November00:15<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76"><sup>76</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_2D/popxUWJ3">Long March 2D</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center/cenXHpsK">Jiuquan</a> <a href="/facts/Jiuquan_Launch_Area_4/wIqIbEWl">SLS-2</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Shiyan_(satellite)/ohjQ1plN">Shiyan 4</a></td><td><a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Chuang Xin 1C</td><td><a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">25 November19:10:34</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Proton-M/F9I5QHR7">Proton-M</a> / <a href="/facts/Briz-M/nPncWv0Q">Briz-M</a> Enhanced</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_200/NpCuRkDs">Site 200/39</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/International_Launch_Services/8bocEJ1I">International Launch Services</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/AsiaSat_7/na0NVzpB">AsiaSat 7</a></td><td><a href="/facts/AsiaSat/03TzunYA">AsiaSat</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">26 November15:02</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Atlas_V/5SNgegyt">Atlas V</a> 541</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station/dwJ9MCPH">Cape Canaveral</a> <a href="/facts/SLC-41/QBUVHdSb">SLC-41</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/United_Launch_Alliance/yWev1ndb">United Launch Alliance</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Mars_Science_Laboratory/yEARUMpM">Mars Science Laboratory</a> (<a href="/facts/Curiosity_(rover)/mVLawAfA"><i>Curiosity</i></a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Trans-Mars_injection/b4zMv2jE">TMI</a> to Martian Surface</td><td><a href="/facts/Mars_rover/6ueforXf">Mars rover</a></td><td rowspan="1">6 August 201205:18</td><td rowspan="1">Successful<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77"><sup>77</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Maiden flight of Atlas V 541, largest Mars rover yet launched.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">28 November08:25:57</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-2.1b/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2.1b</a> / <a href="/facts/Fregat/Sv4Ub6GJ">Fregat</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome/QG25T5Ph">Plesetsk</a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_43/pxIUWICh">Site 43/4</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/RVSN_RF/HMEx2wvU">RVSN RF</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Kosmos_2478/19L2mjbX">Kosmos 2478</a> (<a href="/facts/Glonass-M/zxFp5tkR">Glonass-M</a> <a href="/facts/List_of_GLONASS_satellites/k04t5YTM">746</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Russian_Space_Forces/VX0KftEv">VKS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Medium_Earth_orbit/7Qmz5XxG">Medium Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_navigation/lVgPlF5v">Navigation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">29 November18:50<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78"><sup>78</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_2C/VBSyRIx6">Long March 2C</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Taiyuan_Satellite_Launch_Center/qgEeV9KG">Taiyuan</a> LC-2</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Yaogan_13/cAsq1JnM">Yaogan 13</a></td><td><a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Reconnaissance_satellite/LkL0IYHH">Reconnaissance</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"><table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/2010_in_spaceflight/RlPJePpe">←</a> Jan</li><li>Feb</li><li>Mar</li><li>Apr</li><li>May</li><li>Jun</li><li>Jul</li><li>Aug</li><li>Sep</li><li>Oct</li><li>Nov</li><li>Dec <a href="/facts/2012_in_spaceflight/6JYypVay">→</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h3>December</h3></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">1 December21:07<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79"><sup>79</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_3A/26LcfN0h">Long March 3A</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center/LFCcfqxT">Xichang</a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Launch_Complex_3/LFCcfqxT">LC-3</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Compass-IGSO5/eW9Ex0WP">Compass-IGSO5</a></td><td><a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Inclined_geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">IGSO</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Satellite_navigation/lVgPlF5v">Navigation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">11 December11:17</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Proton-M/F9I5QHR7">Proton-M</a> / <a href="/facts/Briz-M/nPncWv0Q">Briz-M</a> Enhanced</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_81/vdwwQdaH">Site 81/24</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Luch_5A/37xAlpcy">Luch 5A</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Gonets_Satellite_System/S8qayXCV">Gonets Satellite System</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> <a href="/facts/Amos-5/G9g7RYds">Amos-5</a></td><td>SCL</td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">12 December01:21</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/H-IIA/W9Q48DHS">H-IIA</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Tanegashima_Space_Center/PKLppwl8">Tanegashima</a> <a href="/facts/Yoshinobu_Launch_Complex/KsybTnBt">LA-Y1</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Mitsubishi_Heavy_Industries/8sEQU1Yn">MHI</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Information_Gathering_Satellite/lfL2Q5pP">IGS Radar 3</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Cabinet_Intelligence_and_Research_Office/5YTMuzTD">CSICE</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Reconnaissance_satellite/LkL0IYHH">Reconnaissance</a> (radar)</td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="8">17 December02:03:08</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz_ST-A/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz ST-A</a> / <a href="/facts/Fregat/Sv4Ub6GJ">Fregat</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Guiana_Space_Centre/hp6TSJ6W">Kourou</a> <a href="/facts/Ensemble_de_Lancement_Soyouz/KfapNnLj">ELS</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Arianespace/qxMUItMm">Arianespace</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="7"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Pl%C3%A9iades-HR_1A/JLCKKDlr">Pléiades-HR 1A</a></td><td><a href="/facts/CNES/4eJbr1fQ">CNES</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a>/Reconnaissance</td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Chile/uEyTfEcx"></a> <a href="/facts/SSOT_(satellite)/7B5MURdB">FASat-Charlie (SSOT)</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(Chile)/1uFwAF3t">MDN</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a>/Reconnaisance</td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/ELISA_1/5Xj0ClGC">ELISA 1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/CNES/4eJbr1fQ">CNES</a> / <a href="/facts/Direction_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_de_l%27Armement/kVxohKWP">DGA</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/ELINT/Iwzvw6AW">ELINT</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/ELISA_2/5Xj0ClGC">ELISA 2</a></td><td><a href="/facts/CNES/4eJbr1fQ">CNES</a> / <a href="/facts/Direction_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_de_l%27Armement/kVxohKWP">DGA</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/ELINT/Iwzvw6AW">ELINT</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/ELISA_3/5Xj0ClGC">ELISA 3</a></td><td><a href="/facts/CNES/4eJbr1fQ">CNES</a> / <a href="/facts/Direction_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_de_l%27Armement/kVxohKWP">DGA</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/ELINT/Iwzvw6AW">ELINT</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/ELISA_4/5Xj0ClGC">ELISA 4</a></td><td><a href="/facts/CNES/4eJbr1fQ">CNES</a> / <a href="/facts/Direction_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_de_l%27Armement/kVxohKWP">DGA</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/ELINT/Iwzvw6AW">ELINT</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">19 December16:41<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80"><sup>80</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_3B/E/7HAsDyeL">Long March 3B/E</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center/LFCcfqxT">Xichang</a> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Launch_Complex_2/LFCcfqxT">LC-2</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Nigeria/gbW17BX8"></a> NigComSat-1R</td><td><a href="/facts/NIGCOMSAT/FqyJyTnL">NIGCOMSAT</a> / <a href="/facts/NASRDA/r31F6J2t">NASRDA</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">21 December13:16</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-FG/IXLFSTfd">Soyuz-FG</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Gagarin%27s_Start/9oK8wcD4">Site 1/5</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz_TMA-03M/c6zvJB05">Soyuz TMA-03M</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a> (<a href="/facts/ISS/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Expedition_30/zu6h2h7g">Expedition 30</a>/<a href="/facts/Expedition_31/SBmYEaop">31</a></td><td rowspan="1">1 July 201208:14<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81"><sup>81</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">22 December03:26</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_4B/CY23M8Ra">Long March 4B</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Taiyuan_Satellite_Launch_Center/qgEeV9KG">Taiyuan</a> LC-2</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Ziyuan 1-02C</td><td><a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td><td>Low Earth (<a href="/facts/Sun-synchronous_orbit/3HonupUd">SSO</a>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">Earth observation</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">23 December12:08</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-2.1b/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2.1b</a> / <a href="/facts/Fregat/Sv4Ub6GJ">Fregat</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome/QG25T5Ph">Plesetsk</a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_43/pxIUWICh">Site 43/4</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Russian_Aerospace_Defence_Forces/6Sc4EEXW">VKO</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Meridian_5/nUVdNgfJ">Meridian 5</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Russian_Aerospace_Defence_Forces/6Sc4EEXW">VKO</a></td><td>Intended: <a href="/facts/Molniya_orbit/uGEqtoSw">Molniya</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">23 December</td><td rowspan="1">Launch failure</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Third stage engine malfunctioned 421 seconds after launch, failed to reach orbit; first launch conducted by the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="8">28 December17:09</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-2.1a/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2.1a</a> / <a href="/facts/Fregat/Sv4Ub6GJ">Fregat</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_31/R5tljuwK">Site 31/6</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Starsem/16WNgNdt">Starsem</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="7"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Globalstar M080</td><td><a href="/facts/Globalstar/4Tq51wvu">Globalstar</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Globalstar M082</td><td><a href="/facts/Globalstar/4Tq51wvu">Globalstar</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Globalstar M084</td><td><a href="/facts/Globalstar/4Tq51wvu">Globalstar</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Globalstar M086</td><td><a href="/facts/Globalstar/4Tq51wvu">Globalstar</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Globalstar M090</td><td><a href="/facts/Globalstar/4Tq51wvu">Globalstar</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Globalstar M092</td><td><a href="/facts/Globalstar/4Tq51wvu">Globalstar</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Communications_satellite/y5RXPMDT">Communications</a></td><td rowspan="1">In orbit</td><td rowspan="1">Operational</td></tr></tbody></table> <table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/2010_in_spaceflight/RlPJePpe">←</a> Jan</li><li>Feb</li><li>Mar</li><li>Apr</li><li>May</li><li>Jun</li><li>Jul</li><li>Aug</li><li>Sep</li><li>Oct</li><li>Nov</li><li>Dec <a href="/facts/2012_in_spaceflight/6JYypVay">→</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="suborbital-flights">Suborbital flights</h2> <table><tbody><tr><th rowspan="3" scope="col">Date and time (<a href="/facts/UTC/2EnjfSyu">UTC</a>)</th><th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/facts/Rocket/b6j4keIl">Rocket</a></th><th scope="col">Flight number</th><th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/facts/Launch_site/y2SJQ8Wr">Launch site</a></th><th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/facts/Launch_service_provider/zAIh2zt4">LSP</a></th></tr><tr><th rowspan="2"></th><th><a href="/facts/Payload/wb7m7LLV">Payload</a>(⚀ = <a href="/facts/CubeSat/jL2IpYKd">CubeSat</a>)</th><th>Operator</th><th><a href="/facts/Orbit/nD2TPySG">Orbit</a></th><th>Function</th><th><a href="/facts/Orbital_decay/c9rj3aK6">Decay</a> (UTC)</th><th>Outcome</th></tr><tr><th colspan="6">Remarks</th></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">22 January06:10<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82"><sup>82</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Terrier-Oriole/JwmjQIjT">Terrier-Oriole</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Wallops Island</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Missile_Defense_Agency/WjXAD9m7">MDA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>Aegis Radar Test</td><td><a href="/facts/Missile_Defense_Agency/WjXAD9m7">MDA</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Radar target</td><td rowspan="1">22 January</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Aegis Radar target, not intercepted, Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">28 January10:46:00<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83"><sup>83</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a><a href="/facts/Black_Brant_IX/mxjN9D4v">Black Brant IX</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Poker_Flat_Research_Range/pkIUHtd7">Poker Flat</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>FIRE</td><td><a href="/facts/University_of_Colorado/4Vq0nU5H">Colorado</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Astronomy</td><td rowspan="1">28 January</td><td rowspan="1">Spacecraft failure<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84"><sup>84</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">5 February08:11:11<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85"><sup>85</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a>Black Brant IX</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>Poker Flat</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>NASA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Polar NOx</td><td><a href="/facts/Virginia_Polytechnic_Institute_and_State_University/5nNYd0ur">VPI</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Geospace</td><td rowspan="1">5 February</td><td rowspan="1">Spacecraft failure<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86"><sup>86</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">February<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87"><sup>87</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> <a href="/facts/Shahab-3/7h8TbgQ2">Shahab-3</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> <a href="/facts/IRGC/6EMxlKlm">IRGC</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>IGRC</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">February</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Two missiles with a range of 1,900 kilometres were fired into the Indian Ocean prior to 19 February</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">February<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88"><sup>88</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> <a href="/facts/Sejjil/n1t7S6og">Sejjil-2</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a>IRGC</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>IGRC</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">February</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Two missiles with a range of 1,900 kilometres were fired into the Indian Ocean prior to 19 February</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">1 March21:00<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89"><sup>89</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/UGM-133_Trident_II/1TkWo3KJ">UGM-133 Trident II</a> D5</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/USS_Nevada_(SSBN-733)/NPGpdyd8">USS <i>Nevada</i></a>, Pacific Ocean</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>US Navy</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>US Navy</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">1 March</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Demonstration and Shakedown Operation 22 (DASO-22)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">2 March13:40<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90"><sup>90</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Juno</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Fort_Wingate/DclPC0FH">Fort Wingate</a> LC-96</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/U.S._Army/WACWBEK9">U.S. Army</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/U.S._Army/WACWBEK9">U.S. Army</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Target</td><td rowspan="1">2 March</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Target for <a href="/facts/MIM-104_Patriot/qNH4yWeY">MIM-104 Patriot</a> PAC-3 MSE test, successfully intercepted</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">9 March<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91"><sup>91</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>Terrier-Oriole</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>Kauai</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Missile_Defense_Agency/WjXAD9m7">MDA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> ARAV-B</td><td><a href="/facts/Missile_Defense_Agency/WjXAD9m7">MDA</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Radar target</td><td rowspan="1">9 March</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Tracked by STSS satellites</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">11 March</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Dhanush_(missile)/Ye4aT7k6">Dhanush</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a>Sea launch from <a href="/facts/Indian_Ocean/Kv0crwKG">Indian Ocean</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation/HYTLS49D">DRDO</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>DRDO</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Target</td><td rowspan="1">11 March</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">11 March</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Prithvi_(missile)/Ye4aT7k6">Prithvi II</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> Integrated Test Range IC-3</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation/HYTLS49D">DRDO</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>DRDO</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">11 March</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">15 March<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92"><sup>92</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> Kavoshgar (<a href="/facts/Zelzal/YdDwzYVs">Zelzal</a>-based)</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> <a href="/facts/Semnan_Space_Center/bQ1ImTG4">Semnan Space Center</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> <a href="/facts/Iranian_Space_Agency/UEzFYESI">ISA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> <a href="/facts/Pishgam/7KwkFGzx">Kavoshgar-4</a></td><td>ISA</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Test flight</td><td rowspan="1">15 March</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Test of biological capsule. Apogee: 120 kilometres (75 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">16 March<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93"><sup>93</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>Terrier-Oriole</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>Kauai</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Missile_Defense_Agency/WjXAD9m7">MDA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> ARAV-B</td><td><a href="/facts/Missile_Defense_Agency/WjXAD9m7">MDA</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Radar target</td><td rowspan="1">16 March</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Tracked by both <a href="/facts/STSS_Demo/HMcASplC">STSS Demo</a> satellites</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">23 March18:50:00<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94"><sup>94</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a>Black Brant IX</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>White Sands</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>NASA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> EVE</td><td><a href="/facts/University_of_Colorado/4Vq0nU5H">CU Boulder</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td><a href="/facts/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory/2vgpPzEt">SDO</a> calibration<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95"><sup>95</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">23 March</td><td rowspan="1">Successful<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:96" href="#fn:96"><sup>96</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">29 March04:01<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:97" href="#fn:97"><sup>97</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL"></a> <a href="/facts/VSB-30/RMIzFhs8">VSB-30</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Sweden/u3qC7lyj"></a> <a href="/facts/Esrange/SHd6XSeQ">Esrange</a></td><td colspan="2">EuroLaunch</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> <a href="/facts/TEXUS/9dUpLw2h">TEXUS</a>-49</td><td>DLR/ESA</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Microgravity</td><td rowspan="1">29 March</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 268 kilometres (167 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">15 April06:52<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:98" href="#fn:98"><sup>98</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/UGM-96_Trident_I/1NFrTGYx">UGM-96 Trident I</a> C4 (LV-2)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:99" href="#fn:99"><sup>99</sup></a></td><td>FTM-15</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Marshall_Islands/rRV4U7oD"></a> <a href="/facts/Meck_Island/kNnQAyqS">Meck</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Missile_Defense_Agency/WjXAD9m7">MDA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Missile_Defense_Agency/WjXAD9m7">MDA</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>ABM target</td><td rowspan="1">15 April</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">15 April07:03<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:100" href="#fn:100"><sup>100</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/RIM-161_Standard_Missile_3/wG92btcA">RIM-161 Standard Missile 3</a></td><td>FTM-15</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> USS O'Kane, Pacific Ocean</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> US Navy</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> FTM-15</td><td>US Navy</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>ABM test</td><td rowspan="1">15 April</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">First intercept of an IRBM by an SM-3 (FTM-15 <i>Stellar Charon</i>)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">26 April<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:101" href="#fn:101"><sup>101</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a><a href="/facts/R-29RMU_Sineva/RphbKkuA">R-29RMU Sineva</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a>K-84 <i>Ekaterinburg</i>, Barents Sea</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a>VMF</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>VMF</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">26 April</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">27 April08:00:00<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:102" href="#fn:102"><sup>102</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a>Black Brant IX</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Poker_Flat_Research_Range/pkIUHtd7">Poker Flat</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Wallops_Flight_Facility/F6QvD712">WFF</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Test flight</td><td rowspan="1">27 April</td><td rowspan="1">Successful<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:103" href="#fn:103"><sup>103</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">6 May<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:104" href="#fn:104"><sup>104</sup></a>23:02<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:105" href="#fn:105"><sup>105</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Tianying 3C</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Hainan/wUWoHo1V">Hainan</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/CNSA/q3s4bGYt">CNSA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> Kunpeng-1</td><td>CSSAR</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Environment monitoring</td><td rowspan="1">23:09</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 196.6 kilometres (122.2 mi).</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">11 May18:00<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:106" href="#fn:106"><sup>106</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Improved_Orion/Pzzc94AD">Improved Orion</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL"></a> <a href="/facts/Barreira_do_Inferno_Launch_Center/1keI5nkx">Barreira do Inferno</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL"></a> <a href="/facts/Brazilian_Space_Agency/JlI2eFXX">AEB</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/National_Institute_for_Space_Research/tt694S4M">INPE</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Microgravity</td><td rowspan="1">11 May</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="5">20 May13:21</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/SpaceLoft_XL/FUXJFkRY">SpaceLoft XL</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Spaceport_America/sLWgIGvh">Spaceport America</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/UP_Aerospace/U2XsrqJQ">UP Aerospace</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>Suborbital</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="2">20 May</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Celestis/zxwdDwHk">Goddard</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Celestis/zxwdDwHk">Celestis</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Space burial</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 118.3 kilometres (73.5 mi), successfully recovered.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">20 May14:50<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:107" href="#fn:107"><sup>107</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/R-29RMU2_Layner/2NLfDE9l">R-29RMU2.1 Layner</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> K-84 <i>Ekaterinburg</i>, Barents Sea</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> VMF</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>VMF</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">20 May</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Maiden flight of Layner missile</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">10 June11:11:16<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:108" href="#fn:108"><sup>108</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Terrier-Orion/QsJvWqEu">Terrier-Orion</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Wallops Island</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> NASA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> SubTec IV<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:109" href="#fn:109"><sup>109</sup></a></td><td>GSFC</td><td>Suborbital</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">10 June</td><td rowspan="1">Successful<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:110" href="#fn:110"><sup>110</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">22 June13:35</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/LGM-30G_Minuteman_III/sG0t20v1">LGM-30G Minuteman III</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base/CHNed3F4">Vandenberg</a> <a href="/facts/Vandenberg_AFB_Launch_Facility_10/2X8oTcVv">LF-10</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/U.S._Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">U.S. Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/U.S._Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">U.S. Air Force</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Test flight</td><td rowspan="1">22 June</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">23 June10:18:00<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:111" href="#fn:111"><sup>111</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>Terrier-Orion</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>Wallops Island</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>NASA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> RockOn</td><td>Colorado</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Student experiments</td><td rowspan="1">23 June</td><td rowspan="1">Successful<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:112" href="#fn:112"><sup>112</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">28 June11:55<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:113" href="#fn:113"><sup>113</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/RSM-56_Bulava/w0mYK8NX">RSM-56 Bulava</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a>K-535 <i>Yuri Dolgorukiy</i>, White Sea</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a>VMF</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>VMF</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">28 June</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">28 June<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:114" href="#fn:114"><sup>114</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> <a href="/facts/Shahab-1/vAUVg83c">Shahab-1</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a>Iran</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a>IRGC</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>IGRC</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">28 June</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Part of an exercise with 14 missile launches, apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">28 June<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:115" href="#fn:115"><sup>115</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a>Shahab-1</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a>Iran</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a>IGRC</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>IRGC</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">28 June</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Part of an exercise with 14 missile launches, apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">28 June<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:116" href="#fn:116"><sup>116</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> <a href="/facts/Shahab-2/Y99thd2D">Shahab-2</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a>Iran</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a>IRGC</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>IRGC</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">28 June</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Part of an exercise with 14 missile launches, apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">28 June<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:117" href="#fn:117"><sup>117</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a>Shahab-2</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a>Iran</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a>IRGC</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>IRGC</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">28 June</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Part of an exercise with 14 missile launches, apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">28 June<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:118" href="#fn:118"><sup>118</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> Ghadr-1<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:119" href="#fn:119"><sup>119</sup></a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a>Iran</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a>IRGC</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>IRGC</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">28 June</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Part of an exercise with 14 missile launches, apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">9 July02:04<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:120" href="#fn:120"><sup>120</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> SRALT</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/C-17_Globemaster_III/LurFFvap">C-17</a>, Pacific Ocean</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Missile_Defense_Agency/WjXAD9m7">MDA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> FTX-17</td><td><a href="/facts/Missile_Defense_Agency/WjXAD9m7">MDA</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Radar target</td><td rowspan="1">9 July</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Tracked by <a href="/facts/STSS_Demo/HMcASplC">STSS Demo</a> satellites</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">9 July09:00:00<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:121" href="#fn:121"><sup>121</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a>Black Brant VB</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>Wallops LA-2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:122" href="#fn:122"><sup>122</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>NASA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>Daytime Dynamo</td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Geospace</td><td rowspan="1">9 July</td><td rowspan="1">Successful<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:123" href="#fn:123"><sup>123</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">9 July09:00:15<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:124" href="#fn:124"><sup>124</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>Terrier-Orion</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>Wallops LA-2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:125" href="#fn:125"><sup>125</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>NASA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>Daytime Dynamo</td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Geospace</td><td rowspan="1">9 July</td><td rowspan="1">Successful<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:126" href="#fn:126"><sup>126</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">11 July15:35<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:127" href="#fn:127"><sup>127</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Argentina/aFSA5bAk"></a><a href="/facts/Gradicom/6ltR9eUH">Gradicom</a> II</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Argentina/aFSA5bAk"></a> <a href="/facts/Chamical/6c9gNX8A">Chamical</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Argentina/aFSA5bAk"></a> <a href="/facts/CITEFA/80mn3q9a">CITEFA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>CITEFA</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Test flight</td><td rowspan="1">11 July</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">21 July07:00<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:128" href="#fn:128"><sup>128</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Nike_Orion/exxnDCqm">Nike-Improved Orion</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Sweden/u3qC7lyj"></a>Esrange</td><td colspan="2">EuroLaunch</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Sweden/u3qC7lyj"></a> PHOCUS</td><td><a href="/facts/Stockholm_University/zp9Cna5D">Stockholm</a>/<a href="/facts/Swedish_Space_Corporation/XS4Q2nId">SSC</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Atmospheric</td><td rowspan="1">21 July</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">21 July11:58:00<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:129" href="#fn:129"><sup>129</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Terrier-Orion</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Wallops Island</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> NASA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> RockSat-X</td><td>Wallops Flight Facility</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Student experiments</td><td rowspan="1">21 July</td><td rowspan="1">Successful<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:130" href="#fn:130"><sup>130</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">27 July10:01<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:131" href="#fn:131"><sup>131</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> LGM-30G Minuteman III</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base/CHNed3F4">Vandenberg</a> <a href="/facts/Vandenberg_AFB_Launch_Facility_04/IWlLslN5">LF-04</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/U.S._Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">U.S. Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/U.S._Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">U.S. Air Force</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Test flight</td><td rowspan="1">27 July</td><td rowspan="1">Launch failure</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">An anomaly was detected five minutes after launch and the flight was terminated.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">27 July<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:132" href="#fn:132"><sup>132</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a>R-29RMU Sineva</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a>K-84 <i>Ekaterinburg</i>, Barents Sea</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a>VMF</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>VMF</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">27 July</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">11 August14:45<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:133" href="#fn:133"><sup>133</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Minotaur_IV/3j8AaMDd">Minotaur IV</a> Lite</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base/CHNed3F4">Vandenberg</a> <a href="/facts/SLC-8/d44z7YPy">SLC-8</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>Orbital</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Hypersonic_Technology_Vehicle_2/TUF7dxw7">HTV-2b</a></td><td><a href="/facts/U.S._Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">U.S. Air Force</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">11 August</td><td rowspan="1">Spacecraft failure</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Second flight of the HTV-2, loss of contact approximately 20 minutes after launch at Mach 20.</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">27 August03:20<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:134" href="#fn:134"><sup>134</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a>RSM-56 Bulava</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a>K-535 <i>Yuri Dolgorukiy</i>, White Sea</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a>VMF</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>VMF</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">27 August</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">1 September13:53<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:135" href="#fn:135"><sup>135</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Terrier-Oriole</td><td>FTM-16 E2</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Kauai</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Missile_Defense_Agency/WjXAD9m7">MDA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Missile_Defense_Agency/WjXAD9m7">MDA</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>ABM target</td><td rowspan="1">1 September</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">SM-3 Block 1B target</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">1 September13:54<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:136" href="#fn:136"><sup>136</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> RIM-161C SM-3 Block 1B</td><td>FTM-16 E2</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/USS_Lake_Erie_(CG-70)/ylxphG00">USS <i>Lake Erie</i></a>, Pacific Ocean</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> US Navy</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>US Navy</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>ABM test</td><td rowspan="1">1 September</td><td rowspan="1">Spacecraft failure</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">First launch of SM-3 Block 1B, intercept failed</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">3 September09:46<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:137" href="#fn:137"><sup>137</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/RT-2PM_Topol/mxB1Qwsq">RS-12M Topol</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome/QG25T5Ph">Plesetsk</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a>RVSN</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>RVSN</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">3 September</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">15 September<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:138" href="#fn:138"><sup>138</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> Kavoshgar (Zelzal-based)</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> Semnan</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> ISA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> <a href="/facts/Kavoshgar-5/7KwkFGzx">Kavoshgar-5</a></td><td>ISA</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Biological</td><td rowspan="1">15 September</td><td rowspan="1">Launch failure</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">First Iranian attempt to launch a <a href="/facts/Animals_in_space/JCHcht6C">monkey</a> into space; failed, resulting in death of the monkey</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">26 September<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:139" href="#fn:139"><sup>139</sup></a>03:20<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:140" href="#fn:140"><sup>140</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Prithvi_(missile)/Ye4aT7k6">Prithvi II</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> Integrated Test Range IC-3<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:141" href="#fn:141"><sup>141</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation/HYTLS49D">DRDO</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>DRDO</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">27 September</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">27 September07:08<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:142" href="#fn:142"><sup>142</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a><a href="/facts/RS-26_Rubezh/KfFuFAJY">RS-26 Rubezh</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome/QG25T5Ph">Plesetsk</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a>RVSN</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>RVSN</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">27 September</td><td rowspan="1">Launch failure</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">29 September</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> R-29RMU2.1 Layner</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> K-114 <i>Tula</i>, Barents Sea</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> VMF</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>VMF</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">30 September</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">30 September04:02<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:143" href="#fn:143"><sup>143</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Agni-II/0YdLgSro">Agni-II</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Integrated_Test_Range/KuFjMocB">ITR</a> IC-4<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:144" href="#fn:144"><sup>144</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Indian_Army/4a3vrgyL">Indian Army</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Indian Army</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">30 September</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Travelled 2,500 kilometres (1,600 mi) downrange</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">5 October05:56<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:145" href="#fn:145"><sup>145</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> SRALT</td><td>FTT-12</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> C-17, Pacific Ocean</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Missile_Defense_Agency/WjXAD9m7">MDA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/U.S._Army/WACWBEK9">U.S. Army</a> / <a href="/facts/Missile_Defense_Agency/WjXAD9m7">MDA</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>ABM target</td><td rowspan="1">5 October</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Intercepted by THAAD missile</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">5 October05:56<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:146" href="#fn:146"><sup>146</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/R-17_Elbrus/a31mgtYe">R-17 Elbrus</a></td><td>FTT-12</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> MLP, <a href="/facts/Pacific_Missile_Range_Facility/9aaPL4fR">Barking Sands</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/U.S._Army/WACWBEK9">U.S. Army</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/U.S._Army/WACWBEK9">U.S. Army</a> / <a href="/facts/Missile_Defense_Agency/WjXAD9m7">MDA</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>ABM target</td><td rowspan="1">5 October</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Intercepted by THAAD missile</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">5 October06:00<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:147" href="#fn:147"><sup>147</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/THAAD/K2qPwyoY">THAAD</a></td><td>FTT-12</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Barking Sands</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/U.S._Army/WACWBEK9">U.S. Army</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/U.S._Army/WACWBEK9">U.S. Army</a> / <a href="/facts/Missile_Defense_Agency/WjXAD9m7">MDA</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>ABM test</td><td rowspan="1">5 October</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Intercepted target missile</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">5 October06:00<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:148" href="#fn:148"><sup>148</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> THAAD</td><td>FTT-12</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Barking Sands</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/U.S._Army/WACWBEK9">U.S. Army</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/U.S._Army/WACWBEK9">U.S. Army</a> / <a href="/facts/Missile_Defense_Agency/WjXAD9m7">MDA</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>ABM test</td><td rowspan="1">5 October</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Intercepted target missile</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">8 October10:25:01<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:149" href="#fn:149"><sup>149</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a>Black Brant IX</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>White Sands</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>NASA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> PICTURE</td><td>Boston</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Astronomy</td><td rowspan="1">8 October</td><td rowspan="1">Spacecraft failure<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:150" href="#fn:150"><sup>150</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">11 October21:15:00<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:151" href="#fn:151"><sup>151</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>Terrier-Orion</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Norway/wlDRKRTR"></a>Andøya</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>NASA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>CHAMPS</td><td>Colorado</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Geospace</td><td rowspan="1">11 October</td><td rowspan="1">Successful<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:152" href="#fn:152"><sup>152</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">13 October13:50:00<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:153" href="#fn:153"><sup>153</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>Terrier-Orion</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Norway/wlDRKRTR"></a> <a href="/facts/And%C3%B8ya_Rocket_Range/wsb0PrDq">Andøya</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>NASA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>CHAMPS</td><td>Colorado</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Geospace</td><td rowspan="1">13 October<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:154" href="#fn:154"><sup>154</sup></a></td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">28 October03:40<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:155" href="#fn:155"><sup>155</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a>RSM-56 Bulava</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a>K-535 <i>Yuri Dolgorukiy</i>, White Sea</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a>VMF</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>VMF</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">28 October</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">2 November07:50<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:156" href="#fn:156"><sup>156</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> <a href="/facts/Jericho_III/p0vX8qoP">Jericho III</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> <a href="/facts/Palmachim_Airbase/4htK7VMl">Palmachim</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> <a href="/facts/Israeli_Air_Force/bcm4GjTf">Israeli Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Israeli Air Force</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">2 November</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">3 November06:45<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:157" href="#fn:157"><sup>157</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/RT-2PM_Topol/mxB1Qwsq">RS-12M Topol</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome/QG25T5Ph">Plesetsk</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/RVSN/HMEx2wvU">RVSN</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>RVSN</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">3 November</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">6 November07:00<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:158" href="#fn:158"><sup>158</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a> Black Brant IX</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/White_Sands_Missile_Range/JUsgxDjF">White Sands</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td>XQC F5</td><td><a href="/facts/University_of_Wisconsin/Rfj54YvS">Wisconsin</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Astronomy</td><td rowspan="1">6 November</td><td rowspan="1">Successful<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:159" href="#fn:159"><sup>159</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">15 November03:30<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:160" href="#fn:160"><sup>160</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Agni_IV/pY2E4mT5">Agni IV</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> Integrated Test Range IC-4</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> DRDO</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Indian Army</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">15 November</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">17 November11:30</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/UGM-27_Polaris/AKTSHCNB">UGM-27 Polaris</a> (STARS)</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Barking Sands LC-42</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/U.S._Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">U.S. Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> AHW Flight 1A</td><td><a href="/facts/U.S._Army/WACWBEK9">U.S. Army</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td><a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">Technology demonstration</a></td><td rowspan="1">17 November</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">25 November23:00<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:161" href="#fn:161"><sup>161</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> Improved Orion</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL"></a> Barreira do Inferno</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL"></a> AEB</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>INPE</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Microgravity</td><td rowspan="1">25 November</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">27 November09:10<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:162" href="#fn:162"><sup>162</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL"></a> VSB-30</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Sweden/u3qC7lyj"></a> Esrange</td><td colspan="2"> EuroLaunch</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a>/ <a href="/facts/TEXUS/9dUpLw2h">TEXUS</a>-48</td><td>DLR/ESA</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Microgravity</td><td rowspan="1">27 November</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">2 December22:00<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:163" href="#fn:163"><sup>163</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL"></a> <a href="/facts/VS-30/CvfSKc7K">VS-30</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL"></a> Barreira do Inferno</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL"></a> AEB</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL"></a> Brasil-Alemanha</td><td>INPE</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Microgravity</td><td rowspan="1">2 December</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">3 December07:21:31<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:164" href="#fn:164"><sup>164</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL"></a> VS-30/Improved Orion</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Norway/wlDRKRTR"></a> <a href="/facts/Ny-%C3%85lesund/gAJcJAt5">Ny-Ålesund</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Norway/wlDRKRTR"></a> Andøya</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Sweden/u3qC7lyj"></a> <a href="/facts/Norway/wlDRKRTR"></a> ICI-3 (CanoRock 4)</td><td><a href="/facts/University_of_Oslo/uYPDcgpU">Oslo</a>/Andøya</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Atmospheric</td><td rowspan="1">3 December</td><td rowspan="1">Successful<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:165" href="#fn:165"><sup>165</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">10 December10:30:00<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:166" href="#fn:166"><sup>166</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a>Black Brant IX</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>White Sands</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>NASA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Colorado</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Astronomy</td><td rowspan="1">10 December</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">19 December14:48<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:167" href="#fn:167"><sup>167</sup></a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/S-310/Wy13CxlD">S-310</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Uchinoura_Space_Center/qdxArHnD">Uchinoura</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> JAXA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>JAXA/<a href="/facts/Toyama_Prefectural_University/Vwt7Cf7u">TPU</a>/<a href="/facts/Tohoku_University/ec7m7vYy">TU</a></td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Ionospheric</td><td rowspan="1">19 December</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">19 December</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> MN-300</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Kapustin_Yar/IpWRzUPs">Kapustin Yar</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Roshydromet/JEIeEa7n">Roshydromet</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> MR-30</td><td>Roshydromet</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>MeteorologyTest flight</td><td rowspan="1">19 December</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Maiden flight of MN-300</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">23 December</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a>RSM-56 Bulava</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a>K-535 <i>Yuri Dolgorukiy</i>, White Sea</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a>VMF</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>VMF</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">23 December</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">23 December</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a>RSM-56 Bulava</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a>K-535 <i>Yuri Dolgorukiy</i>, White Sea</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a>VMF</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>VMF</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">23 December</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="3">27 December12:00</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/UR-100N/D9mDCMFp">RS-18 UR-100N</a></td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a>RVSN</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>RVSN</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">27 December</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">?</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/UGM-133_Trident_II/1TkWo3KJ">UGM-133 Trident II</a> D5</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> USS ?, Pacific Ocean</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>US Navy</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>US Navy</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">?</td><td rowspan="1">Successful</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 44</td></tr><tr><td scope="row" rowspan="4">?</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/UGM-133_Trident_II/1TkWo3KJ">UGM-133 Trident II</a> D5</td><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> USS ?, Pacific Ocean</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a>US Navy</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>US Navy</td><td>Suborbital</td><td>Missile test</td><td rowspan="1">?</td><td rowspan="1">Launch failure</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 44 ?</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="deep-space-rendezvous">Deep space rendezvous</h2> <table><tbody><tr><th>Date (<a href="/facts/UTC/2EnjfSyu">UTC</a>)</th><th>Spacecraft</th><th>Event</th><th>Remarks</th></tr><tr><td>9 January</td><td><a href="/facts/Mars_Express/wM1scUfh">Mars Express</a></td><td>Flyby of <a href="/facts/Phobos_(moon)/qqS9JvuG">Phobos</a></td><td>Closest approach: 100 kilometres (62 mi). Mars Express made a total of 8 flybys of Phobos at a distance of less than 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) between 20 December and 16 January.</td></tr><tr><td>9 January</td><td><a href="/facts/THEMIS/VP6pW1qF">Artemis P1</a></td><td>Spacecraft left LL2 orbit and joined Artemis P2 in LL1 orbit</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>11 January</td><td><a href="/facts/Cassini_(spacecraft)/PWknrDeY">Cassini</a></td><td>3rd flyby of <a href="/facts/Rhea_(moon)/AXDw9WfX">Rhea</a></td><td>Closest approach: 76 kilometres (47 mi)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:168" href="#fn:168"><sup>168</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>15 February</td><td><a href="/facts/Stardust_(spacecraft)/bEcy98J3">Stardust</a> (<a href="/facts/Stardust_(spacecraft)/bEcy98J3">NExT</a>)</td><td>Flyby of <a href="/facts/Tempel_1/e0PnhUdh">Tempel 1</a></td><td>Closest approach: 181 kilometres (112 mi). Observed changes since <a href="/facts/Deep_Impact_(spacecraft)/mTRQtdQa">Deep Impact</a> flyby and imaged <a href="/facts/Impact_crater/nWntooh4">crater</a> created by Deep Impact impactor, as well as new terrain.</td></tr><tr><td>18 February</td><td>Cassini</td><td>74th flyby of <a href="/facts/Titan_(moon)/lg0l9PCH">Titan</a></td><td>Closest approach: 3,651 kilometres (2,269 mi)</td></tr><tr><td>18 March</td><td><i><a href="/facts/MESSENGER/EFJEPNxR">MESSENGER</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/Mercury_(planet)/lVa1GIyX">Hermocentric orbit</a> injection</td><td>First artificial satellite of Mercury; elliptical orbit with a <a href="/facts/Periapsis/VaL6ow9w">periapsis</a> of 200 kilometers (120 mi) and an <a href="/facts/Apoapsis/VaL6ow9w">apoapsis</a> of 15,000 km (9,300 mi).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:169" href="#fn:169"><sup>169</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>19 April</td><td>Cassini</td><td>75th flyby of Titan</td><td>Closest approach: 10,053 kilometres (6,247 mi)</td></tr><tr><td>8 May</td><td>Cassini</td><td>76th flyby of Titan</td><td>Closest approach: 1,873 kilometres (1,164 mi)</td></tr><tr><td>8 June</td><td><a href="/facts/Chang%27e_2/3hHr3119">Chang'e 2</a></td><td>Departed lunar orbit</td><td>Travelled to <a href="/facts/Lagrangian_point/XCAN4o3P">L2 Lagrangian point</a>, which it reached in August 2011.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:170" href="#fn:170"><sup>170</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>20 June</td><td>Cassini</td><td>77th flyby of Titan</td><td>Closest approach: 1,359 kilometres (844 mi)</td></tr><tr><td>27 June</td><td><a href="/facts/THEMIS/VP6pW1qF">Artemis P1</a></td><td>Lunar orbit insertion</td><td>Initial orbital parameters were: apogee 3,543 kilometres (2,202 mi), perigee 27,000 kilometres (17,000 mi). Over the following three months, the orbit was lowered to an apogee of 97 kilometres (60 mi) and a perigee of 18,000 kilometres (11,000 mi), with an inclination of 20 degrees; retrograde orbit.</td></tr><tr><td>16 July</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Dawn_(spacecraft)/z4JeyNQB">Dawn</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/4_Vesta/xnQ8acw1">Vestiocentric orbit</a> injection</td><td>First artificial satellite of 4 Vesta.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:171" href="#fn:171"><sup>171</sup></a> Initial orbit was 16,000 kilometres (9,900 mi) high and was reduced to 2,700 kilometres (1,700 mi) until 11 August.</td></tr><tr><td>17 July</td><td><a href="/facts/THEMIS/VP6pW1qF">Artemis P2</a></td><td>Lunar orbit insertion</td><td>Initial orbital parameters were similar to Artemis P1. Over the following three months the orbit was lowered to an apogee of 97 kilometres (60 mi) and a perigee of 18,000 kilometres (11,000 mi), with an inclination of 20 degrees; prograde orbit.</td></tr><tr><td>25 August</td><td>Cassini</td><td>Second-closest flyby of <a href="/facts/Hyperion_(moon)/bo98RLVx">Hyperion</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:172" href="#fn:172"><sup>172</sup></a></td><td>Closest approach: 25,000 kilometres (16,000 mi)</td></tr><tr><td>12 September</td><td>Cassini</td><td>78th flyby of Titan</td><td>Closest approach: 5,821 kilometres (3,617 mi)</td></tr><tr><td>16 September</td><td>Cassini</td><td>Flyby of Hyperion</td><td>Closest approach: 58,000 kilometres (36,000 mi)</td></tr><tr><td>1 October</td><td>Cassini</td><td>14th flyby of <a href="/facts/Enceladus_(moon)/DyWXz9jl">Enceladus</a></td><td>Closest approach: 99 kilometres (62 mi)</td></tr><tr><td>19 October</td><td>Cassini</td><td>15th flyby of Enceladus</td><td>Closest approach: 1,231 kilometres (765 mi)</td></tr><tr><td>6 November</td><td>Cassini</td><td>16th flyby of Enceladus</td><td>Closest approach: 496 kilometres (308 mi)</td></tr><tr><td>12 December</td><td>Cassini</td><td>3rd flyby of <a href="/facts/Dione_(moon)/uDt90r5R">Dione</a></td><td>Closest approach: 99 kilometres (62 mi)</td></tr><tr><td>13 December</td><td>Cassini</td><td>79th flyby of Titan</td><td>Closest approach: 3,586 kilometres (2,228 mi)</td></tr><tr><td>31 December</td><td><a href="/facts/Gravity_Recovery_and_Interior_Laboratory/1mADQk2x">GRAIL-A</a></td><td>Lunar orbit insertion</td><td>Twin satellite Grail-B's insertion occurred a day later, on 1 January 2012.</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="evas">EVAs</h2> <table><tbody><tr><th>Start Date/Time</th><th>Duration</th><th>End Time</th><th>Spacecraft</th><th>Crew</th><th>Remarks</th></tr><tr><td>21 January10:05</td><td>5 hours23 minutes</td><td>15:49</td><td><a href="/facts/Expedition_26/JeMgX8hx">Expedition 26</a><a href="/facts/International_Space_Station/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a> <i><a href="/facts/Pirs_(ISS_module)/6JCGTA18">Pirs</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Dmitri_Kondratyev/A6U2mAww">Dmitri Kondratyev</a><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Oleg_Skripochka/RaepVkrp">Oleg Skripochka</a></td><td>Prepared the <a href="/facts/Pirs_(ISS_module)/6JCGTA18">ISS <i>Poisk</i></a> module for future dockings.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:173" href="#fn:173"><sup>173</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>16 February13:15</td><td>6 hours23 minutes</td><td>18:15</td><td><a href="/facts/Expedition_26/JeMgX8hx">Expedition 26</a><a href="/facts/International_Space_Station/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a> <i><a href="/facts/Pirs_(ISS_module)/6JCGTA18">Pirs</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Dmitri_Kondratyev/A6U2mAww">Dmitri Kondratyev</a><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Oleg_Skripochka/RaepVkrp">Oleg Skripochka</a></td><td>Installed a radio antenna, deployed a <a href="/facts/Nanosatellite/vXN5EwvX">nanosatellite</a>, installed two experiments and retrieved two exposure panels on a third experiment.</td></tr><tr><td>28 February15:46</td><td>6 hours34 minutes</td><td>22:20</td><td><a href="/facts/STS-133/YVSeMVcV">STS-133</a><a href="/facts/International_Space_Station/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a> <i><a href="/facts/Quest_Joint_Airlock/qzx5E9YW">Quest</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Stephen_Bowen_(astronaut)/fvXn5PWD">Stephen Bowen</a><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Alvin_Drew/XY0H4LR2">Alvin Drew</a></td><td>Removed a failed coolant pump and routed a power extension cable.</td></tr><tr><td>2 March15:41</td><td>6 hours14 minutes</td><td>21:55</td><td><a href="/facts/STS-133/YVSeMVcV">STS-133</a><a href="/facts/International_Space_Station/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a> <i>Quest</i></td><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Stephen_Bowen_(astronaut)/fvXn5PWD">Stephen Bowen</a><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Alvin_Drew/XY0H4LR2">Alvin Drew</a></td><td>Removed or repaired thermal insulation, swapped out an attachment bracket on the <i><a href="/facts/Columbus_(ISS_module)/qYqbxpTR">Columbus</a></i> module, installed a camera assembly on Dextre and installed a light on a cargo cart.</td></tr><tr><td>20 May07:10</td><td>6 hours19 minutes</td><td>13:29</td><td><a href="/facts/STS-134/vXf9Dmcv">STS-134</a><a href="/facts/International_Space_Station/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a> <i><a href="/facts/Quest_Joint_Airlock/qzx5E9YW">Quest</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Andrew_J._Feustel/qz9q24VA">Andrew Feustel</a><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Gregory_Chamitoff/qANFl58Q">Gregory Chamitoff</a></td><td>Completed installation of a new set of MISSE experiments, started installing a new wireless video system, installed an ammonia jumper, a new light on the CETA cart on the S3 truss segment, and a cover on the starboard SARJ.</td></tr><tr><td>22 May06:05</td><td>8 hours07 minutes</td><td>14:12</td><td><a href="/facts/STS-134/vXf9Dmcv">STS-134</a><a href="/facts/International_Space_Station/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a> <i><a href="/facts/Quest_Joint_Airlock/qzx5E9YW">Quest</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Andrew_J._Feustel/qz9q24VA">Andrew Feustel</a><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Michael_Fincke/BvHIEyjN">Michael Fincke</a></td><td>Hooked up a jumper to transfer ammonia to the Port 6 PVTCS, lubricated the SARJ and one of the "hands" on <a href="/facts/Dextre/9XwmQyzA">Dextre</a>, and installed a stowage beam on the S1 truss.</td></tr><tr><td>25 May05:43</td><td>6 hours54 minutes</td><td>12:37</td><td><a href="/facts/STS-134/vXf9Dmcv">STS-134</a><a href="/facts/International_Space_Station/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a> <i><a href="/facts/Quest_Joint_Airlock/qzx5E9YW">Quest</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Andrew_J._Feustel/qz9q24VA">Andrew Feustel</a><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Michael_Fincke/BvHIEyjN">Michael Fincke</a></td><td>Installed PDGF (except for data cable), routed power cables from <i><a href="/facts/Unity_(ISS_module)/EyuqMzbN">Unity</a></i> to <i><a href="/facts/Zarya_(ISS_module)/54ph8f5A">Zarya</a></i>, finished installation of wireless video system, took pictures of <i>Zarya</i>'s thrusters and captured infrared video of an experiment in ELC 3.</td></tr><tr><td>27 May04:15</td><td>7 hours24 minutes</td><td>11:39</td><td><a href="/facts/STS-134/vXf9Dmcv">STS-134</a><a href="/facts/International_Space_Station/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a> <i><a href="/facts/Quest_Joint_Airlock/qzx5E9YW">Quest</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Gregory_Chamitoff/qANFl58Q">Gregory Chamitoff</a><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Mike_Fincke/BvHIEyjN">Mike Fincke</a></td><td>Installed OBSS on S1 truss, removed the EFGF and replaced it with a spare PDGF, and released some torque on the bolts that were holding the spare arm for Dextre down against ELC 3. Final shuttle spacewalk.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:174" href="#fn:174"><sup>174</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>12 July13:22</td><td>6 hours31 minutes</td><td>19:53</td><td><a href="/facts/Expedition_28/lKYIoBmb">Expedition 28</a><a href="/facts/International_Space_Station/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a> <i><a href="/facts/Quest_Joint_Airlock/qzx5E9YW">Quest</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Ronald_J._Garan,_Jr./2jXRLl3N">Ronald Garan</a><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Michael_E._Fossum/QwMvh0e3">Michael Fossum</a></td><td>Moved a failed cooling pump from the station to the shuttle <i>Atlantis</i>, transferred a robotic refuelling apparatus from the shuttle to the ISS, installed a materials science experiment on the station's truss, serviced a robot arm attachment fitting, installed a thermal cover over the unused docking port PMA-3, and fixed a protruding wire on a grapple fixture on the <i>Zarya</i> module.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3 August14:51</td><td>6 hours22 minutes</td><td>21:22</td><td><a href="/facts/Expedition_28/lKYIoBmb">Expedition 28</a><a href="/facts/International_Space_Station/VNPUBz9m">ISS</a> <i><a href="/facts/Pirs_(ISS_module)/6JCGTA18">Pirs</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Sergey_Alexandrovich_Volkov/RAapsYCU">Sergei Volkov</a><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Aleksandr_Samokutyayev/6CSRp0B3">Aleksandr Samokutyayev</a></td><td>Launched Kedr satellite, installed BIORISK experiment outside <i><a href="/facts/Pirs_(ISS_module)/6JCGTA18">Pirs</a></i>, and installed laser communication equipment to transmit scientific data from the Russian Orbital Segment.</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="orbital-launch-statistics">Orbital launch statistics</h2> <h3>By country</h3> <p>For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For example, <a href="/facts/Soyuz_at_the_Guiana_Space_Centre/vVR1DUFl">Soyuz launches by Arianespace in Kourou</a> are counted under Russia because <a href="/facts/Soyuz-2/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2</a> is a Russian rocket. </p> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="2">Country</th><th>Launches</th><th>Successes</th><th>Failures</th><th>Partialfailures</th><th>Remarks</th></tr><tr><td></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>19</td><td>18</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td> <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a></td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td> <a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM">India</a></td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td> <a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8">Iran</a></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>29</td><td>25</td><td>4</td><td>0</td><td>Includes two <a href="/facts/European_Soyuz/vVR1DUFl">European Soyuz</a> launches from <a href="/facts/Soyuz_at_the_Guiana_Space_Centre/vVR1DUFl">Kourou</a>, <a href="/facts/Guiana_Space_Centre/hp6TSJ6W">French Guiana</a> by <a href="/facts/Arianespace/qxMUItMm">Arianespace</a>. <a href="/facts/Fobos-Grunt/mDKzr71w">Fobos-Grunt</a> launched successfully, but failed while on its parking orbit.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:175" href="#fn:175"><sup>175</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td> <a href="/facts/Ukraine/Qof0uqAj">Ukraine</a></td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Includes one <a href="/facts/Zenit_(rocket)/fkovnBhD">Zenit</a> from <a href="/facts/Sea_Launch/7LbLz348">Sea Launch</a> and one from <a href="/facts/Land_Launch/47w9dglI">Land Launch</a>.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>18</td><td>17</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2">World</th><th>84</th><th>78</th><th>6</th><th>0</th><th></th></tr></tbody></table> <h3>By rocket</h3> 5 10 15 20 <a href="/facts/Ariane_(rocket_family)/bxpEpRRh">Ariane</a> <a href="/facts/Atlas_(rocket_family)/G4rKFbb7">Atlas</a> <a href="/facts/Delta_(rocket_family)/gQH4EUYB">Delta</a> <a href="/facts/List_of_H-II_and_H3_launches/Em5atYzl">H-II</a> <a href="/facts/Long_March_(rocket_family)/IKrU6jfw">Long March</a> <a href="/facts/Minotaur_(rocket_family)/xgyyRaSY">Minotaur</a> <a href="/facts/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle/KantsJM7">PSLV</a> <a href="/facts/R-7_(rocket_family)/G4HrfbkB">R-7</a> <a href="/facts/Space_Shuttle/7BoyetEv">Shuttle</a> <a href="/facts/Universal_Rocket/qF52yQI8">UR</a> <a href="/facts/Zenit_(rocket_family)/fkovnBhD">Zenit</a> <a href="/facts/Comparison_of_orbital_launch_systems/lSEHGfUx">Others</a> <ul><li> <a href="/facts/Ariane_5/H78wlLG4">Ariane 5</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Atlas_V/5SNgegyt">Atlas V</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Delta_II/GoBa3Qch">Delta II</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Delta_IV/QWun0yHh">Delta IV</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Delta_IV_Heavy/hLQT6QQG">Delta IV Heavy</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/H-IIA/W9Q48DHS">H-IIA</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/H-IIB/k5CMQBXm">H-IIB</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Long_March_2/15Vmhlvn">Long March 2</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Long_March_(rocket_family)/IKrU6jfw">Long March 3</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Long_March_(rocket_family)/IKrU6jfw">Long March 4</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Minotaur_I/1Wf52Wgc">Minotaur I</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Minotaur_IV/3j8AaMDd">Minotaur IV</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Minotaur-C/XQDB2hca">Taurus</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle/KantsJM7">PSLV</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-U/XuW0gmYM">Soyuz-U</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-FG/IXLFSTfd">Soyuz-FG</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Soyuz-2/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2</a> (Russia)</li> <li> <a href="/facts/Soyuz_at_the_Guiana_Space_Centre/vVR1DUFl">Soyuz ST</a> (Europe)</li> <li> <a href="/facts/Space_Shuttle/7BoyetEv">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Proton-K/TyynRg0F">Proton-K</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Proton-M/F9I5QHR7">Proton-M</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Rokot/xXx9Gzg7">Rokot</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Zenit-2M/zKxwo7uc">Zenit-2M</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Zenit-3F/5HmxY0UX">Zenit-3F</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Zenit-3SL/g2gQntg4">Zenit-3SL</a>/SLB</li> <li> <a href="/facts/Comparison_of_orbital_launch_systems/lSEHGfUx">Others</a></li></ul> <h4>By family</h4> <table><tbody><tr><th>Family</th><th>Country</th><th>Launches</th><th>Successes</th><th>Failures</th><th>Partial failures</th><th>Remarks</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Ariane_(rocket_family)/bxpEpRRh">Ariane</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a></td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Atlas_(rocket_family)/G4rKFbb7">Atlas</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Delta_(rocket_family)/gQH4EUYB">Delta</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/List_of_H-II_and_H3_launches/Em5atYzl">H-II</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_(rocket_family)/IKrU6jfw">Long March</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>19</td><td>18</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Minotaur_(rocket_family)/xgyyRaSY">Minotaur</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>4</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle/KantsJM7">PSLV</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM">India</a></td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/R-7_(rocket_family)/G4HrfbkB">R-7</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>19</td><td>17</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/R-36_(missile)/ga1aBeDt">R-36</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Ukraine/Qof0uqAj">Ukraine</a></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Safir_(rocket)/jmDrfeug">Safir</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8">Iran</a></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Space_Shuttle/7BoyetEv">Space Shuttle</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Final flight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Universal_Rocket/qF52yQI8">Universal Rocket</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>10</td><td>8</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Zenit_(rocket_family)/fkovnBhD">Zenit</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Ukraine/Qof0uqAj">Ukraine</a></td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h4>By type</h4> <table><tbody><tr><th>Rocket</th><th>Country</th><th>Family</th><th>Launches</th><th>Successes</th><th>Failures</th><th>Partial failures</th><th>Remarks</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Ariane_5/H78wlLG4">Ariane 5</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a></td><td>Ariane</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Atlas_V/5SNgegyt">Atlas V</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Atlas</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Delta_II/GoBa3Qch">Delta II</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Delta</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Delta_IV/QWun0yHh">Delta IV</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Delta</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Dnepr_(rocket)/g3VIdEfT">Dnepr</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Ukraine/Qof0uqAj">Ukraine</a></td><td>R-36</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/H-IIA/W9Q48DHS">H-IIA</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td>H-II</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/H-IIB/k5CMQBXm">H-IIB</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td>H-II</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_2/15Vmhlvn">Long March 2</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Long March</td><td>7</td><td>6</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_(rocket_family)/IKrU6jfw">Long March 3</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Long March</td><td>9</td><td>9</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_(rocket_family)/IKrU6jfw">Long March 4</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Long March</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Minotaur_I/1Wf52Wgc">Minotaur I</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Minotaur</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Minotaur_IV/3j8AaMDd">Minotaur IV</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Minotaur</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle/KantsJM7">PSLV</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM">India</a></td><td>PSLV</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Proton_(rocket_family)/susmVN0U">Proton</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>Universal Rocket</td><td>9</td><td>8</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Safir_(rocket)/jmDrfeug">Safir</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8">Iran</a></td><td>Safir</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Soyuz_(rocket_family)/cGMjYIPX">Soyuz</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>R-7</td><td>10</td><td>9</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Soyuz-2_(rocket)/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>R-7</td><td>9</td><td>8</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Space_Shuttle/7BoyetEv">Space Shuttle</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Space Shuttle</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Final flight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/UR-100/3WpHtj8H">UR-100</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>Universal Rocket</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Minotaur-C/XQDB2hca">Taurus</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Minotaur</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Zenit_(rocket_family)/fkovnBhD">Zenit</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Ukraine/Qof0uqAj">Ukraine</a></td><td>Zenit</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h4>By configuration</h4> <table><tbody><tr><th>Rocket</th><th>Country</th><th>Type</th><th>Launches</th><th>Successes</th><th>Failures</th><th>Partial failures</th><th>Remarks</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Ariane_5/H78wlLG4">Ariane 5 ECA</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a></td><td>Ariane 5</td><td>4</td><td>4</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Ariane_5/H78wlLG4">Ariane 5 ES</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a></td><td>Ariane 5</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Atlas_V/5SNgegyt">Atlas V 401</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Atlas V</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Atlas_V/5SNgegyt">Atlas V 411</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Atlas V</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Atlas_V/5SNgegyt">Atlas V 501</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Atlas V</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Atlas_V/5SNgegyt">Atlas V 541</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Atlas V</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Atlas_V/5SNgegyt">Atlas V 551</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Atlas V</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Delta_II/GoBa3Qch">Delta II 7320</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Delta II</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Delta_II/GoBa3Qch">Delta II 7920</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Delta II</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Delta_II/GoBa3Qch">Delta II 7920H</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Delta II</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Final flight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Delta_IV/QWun0yHh">Delta IV Medium+ (4,2)</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Delta IV</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Delta_IV_Heavy/hLQT6QQG">Delta IV Heavy</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Delta IV</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Dnepr_(rocket)/g3VIdEfT">Dnepr</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Ukraine/Qof0uqAj">Ukraine</a></td><td>Dnepr</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/H-IIA/W9Q48DHS">H-IIA 202</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td>H-IIA</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/H-IIB/k5CMQBXm">H-IIB</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td>H-IIB</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_2C/VBSyRIx6">Long March 2C</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Long March 2</td><td>4</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_2D/popxUWJ3">Long March 2D</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Long March 2</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_2F/JSztWT6A">Long March 2F</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Long March 2</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_2F/JSztWT6A">Long March 2F/G</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Long March 2</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Maiden flight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_3A/26LcfN0h">Long March 3A</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Long March 3</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_3B/7HAsDyeL">Long March 3B</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Long March 3</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_3C/mFRsmux1">Long March 3C</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Long March 3</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Long_March_4B/CY23M8Ra">Long March 4B</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>Long March 4</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Minotaur_I/1Wf52Wgc">Minotaur I</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Minotaur I</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Minotaur_IV/3j8AaMDd">Minotaur IV+</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Minotaur IV</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle/KantsJM7">PSLV-G</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM">India</a></td><td>PSLV</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle/KantsJM7">PSLV-CA</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM">India</a></td><td>PSLV</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle/KantsJM7">PSLV-XL</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM">India</a></td><td>PSLV</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Proton-M/F9I5QHR7">Proton-M</a> / <a href="/facts/Briz_(rocket_stage)/nPncWv0Q">Briz-M</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>Proton</td><td>9</td><td>8</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Rokot/xXx9Gzg7">Rokot</a> / <a href="/facts/Briz_(rocket_stage)/nPncWv0Q">Briz-KM</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>UR-100</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Safir_(rocket)/jmDrfeug">Safir-B</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8">Iran</a></td><td>Safir</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Soyuz-2/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2.1a</a> / <a href="/facts/Fregat/Sv4Ub6GJ">Fregat-M</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>Soyuz-2</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Soyuz-2/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz ST-A</a> / <a href="/facts/Fregat/Sv4Ub6GJ">Fregat</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>Soyuz-2</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Soyuz-2/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz-2.1b</a> / <a href="/facts/Fregat/Sv4Ub6GJ">Fregat-M</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>Soyuz-2</td><td>4</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Soyuz-2/U3nHlUKx">Soyuz ST-B</a> / <a href="/facts/Fregat/Sv4Ub6GJ">Fregat-MT</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>Soyuz-2</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Soyuz-FG/IXLFSTfd">Soyuz-FG</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>Soyuz</td><td>4</td><td>4</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Soyuz-U/XuW0gmYM">Soyuz-U</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>Soyuz</td><td>6</td><td>5</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Space_Shuttle/7BoyetEv">Space Shuttle</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Space Shuttle</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Final flight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Minotaur-C/XQDB2hca">Taurus-XL</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>Taurus</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Zenit-2M/zKxwo7uc">Zenit-2M</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Ukraine/Qof0uqAj">Ukraine</a></td><td>Zenit</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Zenit-3F/5HmxY0UX">Zenit-3F</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Ukraine/Qof0uqAj">Ukraine</a></td><td>Zenit</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Maiden flight</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Zenit-3SL/g2gQntg4">Zenit-3SL</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Ukraine/Qof0uqAj">Ukraine</a></td><td>Zenit</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Zenit-3SLB/ewVWBXsz">Zenit-3SLB</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Ukraine/Qof0uqAj">Ukraine</a></td><td>Zenit</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>By spaceport</h3> 5 10 15 20 25 30 China France India International waters Iran Japan Kazakhstan Russia United States <ul><li> <a href="/facts/Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center/cenXHpsK">Jiuquan</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Taiyuan_Satellite_Launch_Center/qgEeV9KG">Taiyuan</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center/LFCcfqxT">Xichang</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Guiana_Space_Centre/hp6TSJ6W">Kourou</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre/GkXD3tL3">Satish Dhawan</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Ocean_Odyssey/TyQxvjdp">Ocean Odyssey</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Semnan_Space_Center/bQ1ImTG4">Semnan</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Tanegashima_Space_Center/PKLppwl8">Tanegashima</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Dombarovsky_Air_Base/Lonyn6ke">Dombarovsky</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome/QG25T5Ph">Plesetsk</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station/dwJ9MCPH">Cape Canaveral</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Kennedy_Space_Center/zmwszuPr">Kennedy</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Pacific_Spaceport_Complex_%E2%80%93_Alaska/HNyk1k1K">Kodiak</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Mid-Atlantic_Regional_Spaceport/NerIMmk0">MARS</a></li> <li> <a href="/facts/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base/CHNed3F4">Vandenberg</a></li></ul> <table><tbody><tr><th>Site</th><th>Country</th><th>Launches</th><th>Successes</th><th>Failures</th><th>Partial failures</th><th>Remarks</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Baikonur_Cosmodrome/sk16LwcH">Baikonur</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e">Kazakhstan</a></td><td>25</td><td>23</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station/dwJ9MCPH">Cape Canaveral</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>7</td><td>7</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Dombarovsky_Air_Base/Lonyn6ke">Dombarovsky</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Guiana_Space_Centre/hp6TSJ6W">Kourou</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a></td><td>7</td><td>7</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center/cenXHpsK">Jiuquan</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>6</td><td>5</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Kennedy_Space_Center/zmwszuPr">Kennedy Space Center</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Pacific_Spaceport_Complex_%E2%80%93_Alaska/HNyk1k1K">Kodiak</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Mid-Atlantic_Regional_Spaceport/NerIMmk0">MARS</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Ocean_Odyssey/TyQxvjdp">Ocean Odyssey</a></td><td><a href="/facts/United_Nations/fgXLnmgT"></a> International waters</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome/QG25T5Ph">Plesetsk</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a></td><td>6</td><td>4</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre/GkXD3tL3">Satish Dhawan</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM">India</a></td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Semnan_Space_Center/bQ1ImTG4">Semnan</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8">Iran</a></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Tanegashima_Space_Center/PKLppwl8">Tanegashima</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Taiyuan_Satellite_Launch_Center/qgEeV9KG">Taiyuan</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>4</td><td>4</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base/CHNed3F4">Vandenberg</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td>6</td><td>5</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center/LFCcfqxT">Xichang</a></td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td>9</td><td>9</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2">Total</th><th>84</th><th>78</th><th>6</th><th>0</th><th></th></tr></tbody></table> <h3>By orbit</h3> 10 20 30 40 Transatmospheric <a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a> <a href="/facts/Medium_Earth_orbit/7Qmz5XxG">Medium Earth</a> <a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a> / <a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_transfer_orbit/1WwL0SPz">transfer</a> <a href="/facts/High_Earth_orbit/ttK1a3qL">High Earth</a> <a href="/facts/Heliocentric_orbit/b4zMv2jE">Heliocentric</a> <ul><li> Transatmospheric</li> <li> Low Earth</li> <li> Low Earth (ISS)</li> <li> Low Earth (SSO)</li> <li> Low Earth (retrograde)</li> <li> Medium Earth</li> <li> Geosychronous(transfer)</li> <li> Inclined GSO</li> <li> High Earth</li> <li> Heliocentric</li></ul> <table><tbody><tr><th>Orbital regime</th><th>Launches</th><th>Successes</th><th>Failures</th><th>Accidentallyachieved</th><th>Remarks</th></tr><tr><td>Transatmospheric</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">Low Earth</a></td><td>44</td><td>40</td><td>4</td><td>0</td><td>14 to ISS, 1 to Tiangong-1</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Medium_Earth_orbit/7Qmz5XxG">Medium Earth</a> / <a href="/facts/Molniya_orbit/uGEqtoSw">Molniya</a></td><td>8</td><td>7</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_orbit/nR2yaeUg">Geosynchronous</a> / <a href="/facts/Geosynchronous_transfer_orbit/1WwL0SPz">GTO</a></td><td>27</td><td>26</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/High_Earth_orbit/ttK1a3qL">High Earth</a> / <a href="/facts/Trans-lunar_injection/nc16VTrG">Lunar transfer</a></td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Heliocentric_orbit/b4zMv2jE">Heliocentric</a> / <a href="/facts/Hohmann_transfer_orbit/qjhbKTLX">Planetary transfer</a></td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Total</th><th>84</th><th>78</th><th>6</th><th>1</th><th></th></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/2011_in_science/wT16UWvG">2011 in science</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_human_spaceflights,_2011%E2%80%932020/HCpTS3Vq">List of human spaceflights, 2011–2020</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Timeline_of_spaceflight/hqnayygD">Timeline of spaceflight</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Bergin, Chris. <a href="http://www.nasaspaceflight.com">"NASASpaceFlight.com"</a>.</li> <li>Clark, Stephen. <a href="http://www.spaceflightnow.com">"Spaceflight Now"</a>.</li> <li>Kelso, T.S. <a href="https://celestrak.com/satcat/search.php">"Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)"</a>. CelesTrak.</li> <li>Krebs, Gunter. <a href="http://space.skyrocket.de/directories/chronology.htm">"Chronology of Space Launches"</a>.</li> <li>Kyle, Ed. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091005063125/http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/">"Space Launch Report"</a>. Archived from <a href="http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/">the original</a> on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.</li> <li>McDowell, Jonathan. <a href="https://planet4589.org/space/gcat/data/derived/launchlog.html">"GCAT Orbital Launch Log"</a>.</li> <li>Pietrobon, Steven. <a href="http://www.sworld.com.au/steven/space/">"Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive"</a>.</li> <li>Wade, Mark. <a href="http://www.astronautix.com">"Encyclopedia Astronautica"</a>.</li> <li>Webb, Brian. <a href="http://www.spacearchive.info/index.htm">"Southwest Space Archive"</a>.</li> <li>Zak, Anatoly. <a href="http://www.russianspaceweb.com/">"Russian Space Web"</a>.</li> <li><a href="http://spaceflight101.com/iss/iss-calendar/">"ISS Calendar"</a>. <i>Spaceflight 101</i>.</li> <li><a href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/">"NSSDCA Master Catalog"</a>. <i>NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive</i>. <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a> <a href="/facts/Goddard_Space_Flight_Center/WfoEKknM">Goddard Space Flight Center</a>.</li> <li><a href="http://www.cosmoworld.ru/spaceencyclopedia/chrono/index.shtml">"Хроника освоения космоса"</a> [Chronicle of space exploration]. <i>CosmoWorld</i> (in Russian).</li> <li><a href="https://nextspaceflight.com/">"Rocket Launch Manifest"</a>. <i>Next Spaceflight</i>.</li></ul> Generic references: <ul><li>view</li><li>talk</li><li>edit</li></ul> Spaceflight portal <h3>Footnotes</h3> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"China Now Tops U.S. in Space Launches". Wired. 16 April 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2012. <a href="https://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/04/china-rocket-launches/" target="_blank">https://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/04/china-rocket-launches/</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Nasa's Curiosity rover successfully lands on Mars". BBC. 6 August 2012. <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19144464" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19144464</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Phobos-Grunt: Failed probe likely to return late Sunday". BBC. 15 January 2012. <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-16491457" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-16491457</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Phobos-Grunt: Failed Russian Mars Probe Falls to Earth". ABC News. 15 January 2012. <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/phobos-grunt-failed-russian-mars-probe-falls-earth/story?id=15366151" target="_blank">https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/phobos-grunt-failed-russian-mars-probe-falls-earth/story?id=15366151</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Elektro-L". RussianSpaceWeb.com. 20 January 2011. Archived from the original on 30 November 2012. Retrieved 7 January 2013. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121130223651/http://www.russianspaceweb.com/elektro.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20121130223651/http://www.russianspaceweb.com/elektro.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"United Launch Alliance Launches First West Coast Delta IV Heavy Mission". United Launch Alliance. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110609014723/http://www.ulalaunch.com/site/pages/News.shtml#/63" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110609014723/http://www.ulalaunch.com/site/pages/News.shtml#/63</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Largest-Ever Rocket, With Secret Payload, Launched On West Coast". CBS Radio. 20 January 2011. Retrieved 21 February 2011. <a href="http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2011/01/20/rocket-with-secret-payload-largest-ever-launched-on-west-coast/" target="_blank">http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2011/01/20/rocket-with-secret-payload-largest-ever-launched-on-west-coast/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Launch Result of H-IIB Launch Vehicle No. 2 with KOUNOTORI2 (HTV2) Onboard". JAXA. 22 January 2011. Archived from the original on 23 January 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110123175907/http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2011/01/20110122_h2bf2_e.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110123175907/http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2011/01/20110122_h2bf2_e.html</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Japan's rocket delivering supplies". The Gazette. Tokyo. Associated Press. 23 January 2011. p. P6. Archived from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com. <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/78030169/japans-rocket-delivering-supplies/" target="_blank">https://www.newspapers.com/clip/78030169/japans-rocket-delivering-supplies/</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"ARISSat-1/KEDR Amateur Radio Satellite Deorbits". Spacedaily.com. 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