Tucano language

<h2 id="phonology">Phonology</h2>
<h3>Consonants</h3>
<table><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"></th><th><a href="/facts/Bilabial_consonant/q2H5MUAe">Bilabial</a></th><th><a href="/facts/Alveolar_consonant/B6VkW2EX">Alveolar</a></th><th><a href="/facts/Palatal_consonant/KLcKyXE8">Palatal</a></th><th><a href="/facts/Velar_consonant/blWClp79">Velar</a></th><th><a href="/facts/Glottal_consonant/rMdEdLxH">Glottal</a></th></tr><tr><th rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Plosive/okC9pztc">Plosive</a></th><th>plain</th><td><a href="/facts/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive/w4M9Igp6">p</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive/1GaDe2Vy">t</a></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiceless_velar_plosive/dDppVb6e">k</a></td><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Glottal_stop/Xfqy2ArP">ʔ</a></td></tr><tr><th>voiced</th><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_bilabial_plosive/6ReC9arR">b</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_alveolar_plosive/A6hNvmCp">d</a></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_velar_plosive/f6udTvfQ">ɡ</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Nasal_consonant/m6D3cVhe">Nasal</a></th><td>(<a href="/facts/Voiced_bilabial_nasal/1pd7NK2x">m</a>)</td><td>(<a href="/facts/Voiced_alveolar_nasal/0CEs8314">n</a>)</td><td></td><td>(<a href="/facts/Voiced_velar_nasal/r6v5q92L">ŋ</a>)</td><td></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Fricative/1FQuuhfX">Fricative</a></th><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative/WLKtEYDe">s</a></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiceless_glottal_fricative/lfRB7CPW">h</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Trill_consonant/GKS3ga4q">Trill</a></th><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_alveolar_trill/rDplJobc">r</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Approximant/SXrlw7zY">Approximant</a></th><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_labial%25E2%2580%2593velar_approximant/HLDqbrvr">w</a></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_palatal_approximant/v0NVCbUh">j</a></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>Nasal sounds [m n ŋ] are variants of voiced stops /b d ɡ/ between nasal vowels. Stops may also be heard as <a href="/facts/Prenasalized_consonant/TR6JyXvU">prenasalized</a> [ᵐb ⁿd ᵑɡ] after nasal vowels. /w/ can be heard as a nasal bilabial semivowel [<a href="/facts/Relative_articulation/tr1T3A3s">β̞̃</a>] in the environment of nasal vowels. Allophones of /ɾ/ can be heard as [<a href="/facts/Alveolar_nasal_tap/EvQ781EU">ɾ̃</a>], [<a href="/facts/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_flap/M7k7hU5m">ɺ</a>].<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a>
</p>
<h3>Vowels</h3>
<table><tbody><tr><th></th><th><a href="/facts/Front_vowel/htKQs3AT">Front</a></th><th><a href="/facts/Central_vowel/IFSaKUe9">Central</a></th><th><a href="/facts/Back_vowel/gyHoGCH0">Back</a></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Close_vowel/Ne6tHQHR">High</a></th><td><a href="/facts/Close_front_unrounded_vowel/rSUdlCPU">i</a> <a href="/facts/Nasal_vowel/E8MYuu0T">ĩ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Close_central_unrounded_vowel/YdtMNGWw">ɨ</a> <a href="/facts/Nasal_vowel/E8MYuu0T">ɨ̃</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Close_back_rounded_vowel/gqlQLfse">u</a> <a href="/facts/Nasal_vowel/E8MYuu0T">ũ</a></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Mid_vowel/uzjGLRhf">Mid</a></th><td><a href="/facts/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel/e9YNLF97">e</a> <a href="/facts/Nasal_vowel/E8MYuu0T">ẽ</a></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel/VwS9cKWJ">o</a> <a href="/facts/Nasal_vowel/E8MYuu0T">õ</a></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Open_vowel/roS0Y7lA">Low</a></th><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Open_front_unrounded_vowel/s80pvmYh">a</a> <a href="/facts/Nasal_vowel/E8MYuu0T">ã</a></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Tucano_people/uR8P4E3j">Tucano people</a></li></ul>

<h3>Spanish</h3>
<ul><li><a href="http://galeon.hispavista.com/culturasamerica/Tukanos.htm">Tukanos</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="bibliography">Bibliography</h2>
<ul><li>A Fala Tukano dos Ye'pâ-Masa: Tomo I: Gramática . Henri Ramirez (1997) · Manaus: Inspetoria Salesiana Missionária da Amazônia, CEDEM.</li>
<li>Welch, Betty and West, Birdie (2000). In Lenguas indígenas de Colombia: una visión descriptiva edited by González de Pérez, María Stella and Rodríguez de Montes, María Luisa. Instituto Caro y Cuervo.</li>
<li>Bibliografía de la familia lingüística Tukano (antes Betoya) ( pp. 79-104 ). Marcelino de Castellvi (1939). In Proceedings of the second convention of the Inter American Bibliographical and Library Association 2:2 Washington, D.C.</li>
<li>Campbell, Lyle. (1997). <i>American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-19-509427-1.</li>
<li>Proto Tucanoan ( pp. 119-149 ). Nathan E. Waltz and Alva Wheeler (1972). In Comparative Studies in Amerindian Languages Mouton de Gruyter.</li></ul>
<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>

<i>Tucano language test</i> of <a href="/facts/Wikipedia/KDRNKWnc">Wikipedia</a> at Wikimedia Incubator

<ul><li><a href="http://www.ailla.utexas.org/search/collection.html?c_id=89">Tucanoan Languages Collection</a> of Janet Chernela, housed at <a href="/facts/Archive_of_the_Indigenous_Languages_of_Latin_America/qwcE8H0E">AILLA</a>, containing audio recordings, transcriptions, translations and field notes from the 1970s and 1980s.</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>Ramirez, Henri (2019). "uúku͂sehe (ye'pâ-masa yee uúku͂sehé)" (PDF). A Fala Tukano dos Ye’pâ-Masa, Tomo II: Dicionário (versão atualizada, 2019). Manaus: Inspetoria Salesiana Missionária da Amazônia. p. 194. <a href="https://acervo.socioambiental.org/sites/default/files/documents/TKL00020.pdf" target="_blank">https://acervo.socioambiental.org/sites/default/files/documents/TKL00020.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>West, Birdie; Welch, Betty (1967). Phonemic system of Tucano. Viola G. Waterhouse (ed.), Phonemic systems of Colombian languages: Norman: Summer Institute of Linguistics of the University of Oklahoma. pp. 11–24.{{cite book}}:  CS1 maint: publisher location (link) <a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" target="_blank">/wiki/Template:Cite_book</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>Aikhenvald, 1996. <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

Tucano language open-in-new

Tucano language