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Overview

Astronomy and astrophysics

The Russian-German X-ray observing satellite Spektr-RG was launched on 13 July.

Lunar exploration

The Chinese probe Chang'e 4 made humanity's first soft landing on the far side of the Moon on 3 January and released its Yutu 2 rover to explore the lunar surface on the far side for the first time in human history.

The first panorama from the far side of the Moon, captured by Chang'e 4 lander

Israel's SpaceIL, one of the participants in the expired Google Lunar X Prize,¹ launched the first private mission to the Moon in February. The Beresheet lander from SpaceIL made the landing attempt in April, but crashed onto the Moon.² India launched the delayed Chandrayaan-2 lunar orbiter/lander/rover in July; the orbiter reached lunar orbit in September, but the Vikram lander crashed onto the lunar surface.³

Exploration of the Solar System

The probe New Horizons encountered the Kuiper belt object 486958 Arrokoth on 1 January. This is the farthest object from the Sun ever to have a close encounter with a spacecraft.⁴ The Japanese asteroid exploration mission Hayabusa2 made a second touchdown with 162173 Ryugu to collect samples,⁵ and departed for Earth on 12 November.⁶ NASA declared the Mars rover Opportunity's mission over on 13 February.⁷ The InSight lander observed the first recorded Marsquake in April.⁸

Human spaceflight

The first Commercial Crew Development test missions flew this year, aiming to restore United States human spaceflight capability following Space Shuttle retirement in 2011. In an uncrewed test flight, SpaceX SpaceX Dragon 2 successfully flew on a Falcon 9 to the International Space Station on 3 March 2019; the crewed mission was delayed when the recovered capsule exploded during testing on 20 April.⁹ Boeing's CST-100 Starliner launched a similar uncrewed test flight on an Atlas V on 20 December, but an anomaly during launch meant that it could not reach the ISS and had to land only 2 days later.¹⁰

Rocket innovation

At the beginning of the year, around 100 small satellite launchers were in active use, in development, or were recently cancelled or stalled.¹¹ Three Chinese manufacturers launched their first orbital rocket in 2019: The maiden flight of OS-M1 in March failed to reach orbit,¹² the maiden flights of Hyperbola-1 in July¹³ and of Jielong 1 in August¹⁴ were successful. The PSLV-DL and PSLV-QL variants of the Indian PSLV first flew in January and April respectively.

SpaceX began testing of the SpaceX Starship in 2019, with an uncrewed prototype "Starhopper" flying 150m in the air in a suborbital test flight on 27 August.¹⁵ The heavy-lift Long March 5 made its return to flight in December, more than two years after the July 2017 launch failure that grounded the vehicle and forced an engine redesign.¹⁶

The "single stick" Delta IV was retired in August,¹⁷ and the analog-controlled Soyuz-FG was retired in September.¹⁸ Due to Ukraine banning control system exports to Russia, Rokot was retired after a final flight in December.¹⁹

Orbital launches

← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec →

Date and time (UTC)	Rocket		Flight number	Launch site		LSP
		Payload(⚀ = CubeSat)	Operator	Orbit	Function	Decay (UTC)	Outcome
		Remarks
January
10 January17:0520	Long March 3B/E		3B-Y5621	Xichang LC-2		CASC
		Chinasat 2D	CNSA	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
11 January15:3122	Falcon 9 Block 5		F9-067	Vandenberg SLC-4E		SpaceX
		Iridium NEXT 66–75	Iridium	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
15 January2324	Simorgh			Semnan LP-2		ISA
		Payam-e Amirkabir / AUTSAT 125	Amirkabir University of Technology	Low Earth	Earth observation	15 January	Launch failure
		Third stage malfunctioned, satellite failed to reach orbit.26
18 January00:50:2027	Epsilon		Epsilon-428	Uchinoura		JAXA
		RAPIS-1	JAXA	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Successful
		ALE-1 / ALE-DOM	Astro Live Experiences	Low Earth (SSO)	Artificial meteor shower	ALE-1: In orbit29ALE-DOM: 3 August 202230	Payload failure31
		Hodoyoshi-2 (RISESAT)	Tohoku University	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	14 March 202332	Successful
		MicroDragon33	VNSC	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	1 October 202434	Operational
		⚀ / AOBA-VELOX 4	Nanyang Technological University, Kyutech	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	24 March 202335	Successful
		⚀ NEXUS	Nihon University	Low Earth (SSO)	Amateur radio	9 November 202336	Successful
		⚀ OrigamiSat-1	Tokyo Institute of Technology	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	30 April 202237	Successful
		Launch of the Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-1 mission.
19 January19:0538	Delta IV Heavy		D-382	Vandenberg SLC-6		ULA
		KH-11 17 (USA-290)	NRO	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	In orbit	Operational
		NROL-71 mission.
21 January05:4239	Long March 11		Y640	Jiuquan LS-95A		CASC
		Jilin-1 Hyperspectral-01 (Jilin Lincao 1)41	Chang Guang Satellite Technology	Low Earth	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		Jilin-1 Hyperspectral-02 (Wenchang Chaosun 1)	Chang Guang Satellite Technology	Low Earth	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ Xiaoxiang 1-0342	Tianyi Research Institute	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	14 June 202243	Successful
		⚀ Lingque 1A44	Beijing ZeroG Technology	Low Earth	Earth observation	14 June 202245	Successful
24 January18:0746	PSLV-DL		C4447	Satish Dhawan FLP		ISRO
		Microsat-R	DRDO	Low Earth	Earth observation ASAT target	27 March	Destroyed48
		⚀ Kalamsat49	Space Kidz India50	Low Earth	HAM Radio51	22 December 202352	Successful
		Maiden flight of PSLV-DL. Microsat-R served as target for Indian ASAT experiment on 27 March 2019.
← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec → February
5 February5354	Safir-1B55			Semnan LP-1		ISA
		Dousti	Sharif University of Technology	Low Earth	Communications, Remote sensing	5 February	Launch failure5657
5 February21:0158	Ariane 5 ECA		VA247	Kourou ELA-3		Arianespace
		Hellas Sat 4 / SaudiGeoSat-1	Hellas-Sat / ArabSat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		GSAT-3159	ISRO	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
21 February16:4760	Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M			Baikonur Site 31/6		Roscosmos
		EgyptSat A	NARSS	Low Earth	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		Third stage anomaly but achieved orbit in contingency mode
22 February01:4561	Falcon 9 Block 5		F9-068	Cape Canaveral SLC-40		SpaceX
		Nusantara Satu	PSN	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		Beresheet6263	SpaceIL	Moon transfer	Lunar lander	11 April	Landing failure
		S564	AFRL	Geosynchronous	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		Beresheet raised its orbit towards the Moon from a supersynchronous transfer orbit with 60,000 km apogee.65
27 February21:3766	Soyuz ST-B / Fregat-M		VS21	Kourou ELS		Arianespace
		OneWeb × 6	OneWeb	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational67
		First flight for OneWeb satellite constellation. Kourou flight 1.
← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec → March
2 March07:49:0368	Falcon 9 Block 5		F9-069	Kennedy LC-39A		SpaceX
		SpX-DM1	SpaceX / NASA	Low Earth (ISS)	Flight test / ISS logistics	8 March	Successful
		Crew Dragon Demo 1: Test of the SpaceX Dragon 2 as part of Commercial Crew Development program.
9 March17:2869	Long March 3B/E		3B-Y5470	Xichang LC-2		CASC
		Chinasat 6C (Zhongxing 6C)71	China Satcom	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		300th launch of the Long March rocket family.72
14 March19:14:0973	Soyuz-FG			Baikonur Site 1/5		Roscosmos
		Soyuz MS-12 / 58S	Roscosmos	Low Earth (ISS)	Expedition 59/60	3 October10:59	Successful
		Crewed flight with three cosmonauts.
16 March00:2674	Delta IV M+(5,4)		D-383	Cape Canaveral SLC-37B		ULA
		WGS-10 (USA-291)	U.S. Air Force	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		Last flight of Delta IV M+ (5,4) variant75
22 March01:50:3576	Vega		VV14	Kourou ELV		Arianespace
		PRISMA	Italian Space Agency	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		600th satellite orbited by Arianespace77
27 March09:3978	OS-M1			Jiuquan LS-95B		OneSpace
		Lingque 1B	Beijing ZeroG Technology	Low Earth	Earth observation	27 March	Launch failure
		Maiden flight of OS-M1 rocket.
28 March23:2779	Electron		"Two Thumbs Up"	Mahia LC-1A		Rocket Lab
		R3D280	DARPA	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	23 May 202110:0081	Successful
31 March15:5082	Long March 3B/E		3B-Y4483	Xichang LC-2		CASC
		Tianlian 2-01	CNSA	Geosynchronous	Communications (tracking and relay)	In orbit	Operational
← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec → April
1 April03:5784	PSLV-QL		C4585	Satish Dhawan SLP		ISRO
		EMISAT	ISRO	Low Earth	ELINT86	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ Aistechsat-3	GomSpace	Low Earth	Communications, Traffic monitoring	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ Astrocast 0.2	Astrocast SA	Low Earth	Communications	19 November 202387	Successful
		⚀ BlueWalker 188	AST & Science	Low Earth	Test flight	29 November 202389	Successful
		⚀ Flock-4a × 2090	Planet Labs	Low Earth	Earth observation	First: 14 March 202391Last: 8 August 202392	Successful
		⚀ Lemur-2 × 4	Spire Global	Low Earth	Earth observation	First: 7 March 202393Last: 30 June 202394	Successful
		⚀ M6P	SpaceWorks Orbital / Lacuna Space	Low Earth	Communications	20 July 202395	Successful
		Maiden flight of PSLV-QL
4 April11:01:3596	Soyuz-2.1a			Baikonur Site 31/6		Roscosmos
		Progress MS-11 / 72P	Roscosmos	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS logistics	29 July	Successful
4 April17:0397	Soyuz ST-B / Fregat-MT		VS22	Kourou ELS		Arianespace
		O3b × 4 (FM17–FM20)	SES S.A.	Medium Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
11 April22:3598	Falcon Heavy		FH-002	Kennedy LC-39A		SpaceX
		Arabsat-6A99	ArabSat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
17 April20:46100	Antares 230			MARS LP-0A		Northrop Grumman
		Cygnus NG-11S.S. Roger Chaffee	NASA	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS logistics	6 December	Successful
		⚀ AeroCube-10 × 2	The Aerospace Corporation	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	10A: 4 May 202310110B: 15 May 2023102	Successful
		⚀ EntrySat	ISAE-SUPAERO / ONERA	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	10 August 2021103	Successful
		⚀ IOD-1 GEMS104	Orbital Micro Systems	Low Earth	Technology demonstration / Meteorology	3 April 202114:11105	Successful
		⚀ KRAKsat	AGH University of Science and Technology / Jagiellonian University	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	17 January 2022106	Spacecraft failure107
		⚀ NepaliSat-1	KyuTech / NAST	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	4 October 2021108	Successful
		⚀ Quantum-Radar 3109	SEOPS	Low Earth	Satellite laser ranging	7 March 2023110	Successful
		⚀ Raavana 1	ACCIMT	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	3 October 2021111	Successful
		⚀ SASSI2	University of Illinois / Purdue University	Low Earth	Technology demonstration / Education	28 April112	Spacecraft failure113
		⚀ Seeker	NASA	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Successful
		⚀ SpooQy-1	NUS / SSTA	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	16 October 2021114	Successful115
		⚀ Swiatowid	SatRevolution	Low Earth	Technology demonstration / Earth observation	14 March 2021116	Successful
		⚀ ThinSat × 60	Virginia Space	Low Earth	Technology demonstration / Education	28 April117	Successful (49/60 ThinSats)118
		⚀ Uguisu	KyuTech	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	7 October 2021119	Successful
		⚀ VCC A (Aeternitas)	Virginia Space Grant Consortium	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	18 October 2021120	Spacecraft failure
		⚀ VCC B (Libertas)	Virginia Space Grant Consortium	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	13 October 2021121	Spacecraft failure
		⚀ VCC C (Ceres)	Virginia Space Grant Consortium	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	15 May 2021122	Spacecraft failure
		SASSI2 and the 60 ThinSats were secondary payloads carried aboard the Antares upper stage booster.123 EntrySat, IOD-1, KRAKsat, Swiatowid, Virginia CubeSat Constellation (VCC), Uguisu, Raavana 1, NepaliSat-1, and SpooQy-1 were carried in Cygnus and later deployed from the ISS. The AeroCubes and Seeker were carried in the unpressurized compartment of Cygnus, and deployed from Cygnus after its departure from the ISS. Uguisu, Raavana 1, NepaliSat-1, and SpooQy-1 were deployed into orbit from the ISS on 17 June 2019. IOD-1 GEMS, KRAKsat, Swiatowid, EntrySat, and three VCC satellites were deployed into orbit on 3 July 2019. NepaliSat-1 is the first Nepalese satellite and Raavana 1 is the first Sri Lankan satellite. On the departure of Cygnus NG-11 from the ISS, SlingShot Deployer—carrying Quantum Radar, NARSSCube-2, RFTSat, and ORCA—was placed on its hatch bulkhead.124 Those CubeSats and also AeroCube-10 were deployed into orbit from Cygnus on 7 August 2019.125 The VCC satellites were unresponsive to attempts to contact them following their deployment.126127
20 April14:41128	Long March 3B/E		3B-Y59129	Xichang LC-3		CASC
		BeiDou-3 I1Q (Beidou-44)	CNSA	IGSO	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
29 April22:52130	Long March 4B		4B-Y36131	Taiyuan LC-9		CASC
		Tianhui 2-01A	CNSA	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		Tianhui 2-01B	CNSA	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec → May
4 May06:48132	Falcon 9 Block 5		F9-070	Cape Canaveral SLC-40		SpaceX
		SpaceX CRS-17	NASA	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS logistics	3 June	Successful
		Red-Eye 1 (Pinot)133	DARPA	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	24 July 2022134	Successful
		Red-Eye 1 was carried in CRS-17, and deployed into orbit from the ISS on 27 June 2019.135
5 May06:00136	Electron		"That's a Funny Looking Cactus"	Mahia LC-1A		Rocket Lab
		Harbinger (ICEYE X3)	U.S. Air Force	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ Falcon ODE	U.S. Air Force	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ SPARC-1	U.S. Air Force	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	26 June 2023137	Successful
17 May15:48138	Long March 3C/E		3C-Y16139	Xichang LC-2		CASC
		BeiDou-2 G8 (Beidou-45)	CNSA	Geosynchronous	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
22 May00:00140	PSLV-CA		C46141	Satish Dhawan FLP		ISRO
		RISAT-2B	ISRO	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation (radar)	In orbit	Operational
22 May22:49142	Long March 4C		4C-Y23143	Taiyuan LC-9		CASC
		Yaogan 33	CAS	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	22 May	Launch failure
24 May02:30144	Falcon 9 Block 5		F9-071	Cape Canaveral SLC-40		SpaceX
		Starlink × 60	SpaceX	Low Earth	Communications	First: 20 February 2020Last: 24 October 2022145	Successful
		Starlink test mission, launching 60 Starlink v0.9 experimental satellites.
27 May06:23146	Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M			Plesetsk Site 43/4		RVSN RF
		GLONASS-M 758	VKS	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
30 May17:42147	Proton-M / Briz-M P4			Baikonur Site 200/39		Roscosmos
		Yamal-601	Gazprom Space Systems	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec → June
5 June04:06148	Long March 11H			Yellow Sea Launch Platform149		CASC
		Bufeng-1A	CAST	Low Earth	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		Bufeng-1B	CAST	Low Earth	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		Jilin-1 Gaofen-03A	Chang Guang Satellite Technology	Low Earth	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		Tianxiang-1A	CETC	Low Earth	Technology demonstrationCommunications	In orbit	Operational
		Tianxiang-1B	CETC	Low Earth	Technology demonstrationCommunications	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ Tianqi-3 (Tao Xingzhi)150	Guodian Gaoke	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ Xiaoxiang 1-04	Tianyi Research Institute	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		China's first sea launch in the Yellow Sea off Shandong.
12 June14:17151	Falcon 9 Block 5		F9-072	Vandenberg SLC-4E		SpaceX
		RADARSAT Constellation × 3152153	Canadian Space Agency	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
20 June21:43154	Ariane 5 ECA		VA248	Kourou ELA-3		Arianespace
		Eutelsat 7C155	Eutelsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		AT&T T-16	DirecTV	Geosynchronous	Satellite television	In orbit	Operational
24 June18:09156	Long March 3B/E		3B-Y60157	Xichang LC-3		CASC
		BeiDou-3 I2Q (Beidou-46)158	CNSA	IGSO	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
25 June06:30159	Falcon Heavy		FH-003	Kennedy LC-39A		SpaceX
		STP-2	U.S. Air Force	Low Earth, Medium Earth160	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		DSX	AFRL	Medium Earth	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Successful161
		COSMIC-2 × 6	NOAA / NSPO	Low Earth	Atmospheric	In orbit	Operational
		GPIM	NASA	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	14 October 2020162	Successful
		NPSAT1	NRL	Low Earth	Atmospheric	In orbit	Operational
		Oculus-ASR	Michigan Technological University	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	23 February 2023163	Successful
		OTB	General Atomics Electromagnetic Systems	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		Prox-1	Georgia Institute of Technology	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ ARMADILLO	UT Austin	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	23 August 2022164	Successful
		⚀ BRICSat-2	United States Naval Academy	Low Earth	Technology demonstration / Amateur radio	20 April 2022165	Successful166167
		⚀ E-TBEx A	NASA	Low Earth	Atmospheric	9 March 2021168	Successful
		⚀ E-TBEx B	NASA	Low Earth	Atmospheric	22 February 2021169	Successful
		⚀ FalconSAT-7	USAFA	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	2 July 2021170	Spacecraft failure171
		⚀ LEO	Cal Poly	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	28 October 2021172	Successful
		⚀ LightSail 2	The Planetary Society	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	17 November 2022173	Successful
		⚀ PSAT2	United States Naval Academy	Low Earth	Amateur radio	15 February 2023174	Successful
		⚀ StangSat	Merritt Island High School	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ TEPCE × 2	NRL	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	1 February 2020175	Successful
		STP-2 carries multiple cubesats and other small payloads for NASA, NOAA, The Planetary Society and others in addition to the primary mission which consists of multiple U.S. Air Force payloads.
29 June04:30176	Electron		"Make It Rain"	Mahia LC-1A		Rocket Lab
		BlackSky Global 3177	BlackSky Global	Low Earth	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ ACRUX-1	Melbourne Space Program	Low Earth	Education	17 June 2022178	Successful
		⚀ Painani 1179	SEDENA	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	14 January 2023180	Successful
		⚀ Prometheus 2-7	USSOCOM	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	20 May 2022181	Successful
		⚀ Prometheus 2-9	USSOCOM	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	6 June 2022182	Successful
		⚀ SpaceBEE 8	Swarm Technologies	Low Earth	Communications	26 April 2021183	Successful
		⚀ SpaceBEE 9	Swarm Technologies	Low Earth	Communications	16 December 2021184	Successful
← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec → July
5 July05:41185	Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M			Vostochny Site 1S		Roscosmos
		Meteor-M №2-2	Roscosmos	Low Earth (SSO)	Meteorology	In orbit	Operational186
		CarboNIX	Exolaunch	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		DoT-1	SSTL	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		ICEYE X4	ICEYE	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		ICEYE X5	ICEYE	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ AmurSat	Amur State University	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ BeeSat × 4 (10-13)	Technische Universität Berlin	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ BeeSat 9	Technische Universität Berlin	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ D-Star One EXOCONNECT	German Orbital Systems	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational187
		⚀ D-Star One LightSat	German Orbital Systems	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ El Camino Real188	Momentus Space	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Spacecraft failure189
		⚀ JAISAT 1	RAST	Low Earth (SSO)	Amateur radio	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ Lemur-2 × 8	Spire Global	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observationSIGINT	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ Lucky-7	SkyFox Labs	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ MOVE-2b190	TUM	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational191
		⚀ MTCube (ROBUSTA 1C)	University of Montpellier	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ NSLSat 1	NSLComm	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ SEAM 2.0	KTH / AAC Clyde Space / GomSpace / Kayser Italia	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ SONATE	University of Würzburg	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ Sokrat	Moscow State University	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ TTÜ101	Tallinn University of Technology	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ UTE-Ecuador	Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ VDNH-80	Moscow State University / VDNKh	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
10 July17:14192193194	Soyuz-2-1v / Volga			Plesetsk Site 43/4		RVSN RF
		Kosmos 2535	VKS	Low Earth	Satellite inspection	In orbit	Operational195
		Kosmos 2536	VKS	Low Earth	Satellite inspection	In orbit	Operational
		Kosmos 2537	VKS	Low Earth	Radar calibration	7 October 2023196	Successful
		Kosmos 2538	VKS	Low Earth	Radar calibration	In orbit	Operational
11 July01:53:03197	Vega		VV15	Kourou ELV		Arianespace
		Falcon Eye 1 (fr)198	UAE Armed Forces	Low Earth	IMINT (Reconnaissance)	11 July	Launch failure
		Possibly an ignition failure of the second stage.199 Later investigation findings showed the failure mostly traced into a structural failure on the second stage's forward dome resulting from higher temperatures.200
13 July12:30:57201	Proton-M / DM-03			Baikonur Site 81/24		Roscosmos
		Spektr-RG202	IKI RAN Max Planck Institute	Sun–Earth L2, halo orbit	X-ray astronomy	In orbit	Operational203
		Russian–German high-energy astrophysics space observatory. Launching to L2.
20 July16:28:20204	Soyuz-FG			Baikonur Site 1/5		Roscosmos
		Soyuz MS-13 / 59S	Roscosmos	Low Earth (ISS)	Expedition 60/61	6 February 2020	Successful
		Crewed flight with three cosmonauts.205
22 July09:13206	GSLV Mk III		M1	Satish Dhawan SLP		ISRO
		Chandrayaan-2	ISRO	Selenocentric	Lunar orbiter	In orbit	Operational
		Vikram	ISRO	Selenocentric	Lunar lander	In orbit	Landing Failure
		Pragyan	ISRO	Selenocentric	Lunar rover	In orbit	Landing Failure
		Chandrayaan-2 Mission.The lander crashed on the lunar surface and broke into pieces during powered descent. The Orbiter remains operational.207
25 July05:00208	Hyperbola-1			Jiuquan LS-95A		i-Space
		⚀ CAS-7B209	CAMSAT	Low Earth	Amateur radio	6 August210	Successful
		⚀ Demonstration payload211	CAMSAT	Low Earth	Technology demonstration, boilerplate	26 July212	Successful
		Maiden flight of Hyperbola-1.213214
25 July22:01:56215	Falcon 9 Block 5		F9-073	Cape Canaveral SLC-40		SpaceX
		SpaceX CRS-18	NASA	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS logistics	27 August	Successful
		⚀ RFTSat	Northwest Nazarene University	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ NARSSCube-2	NARSS	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ ORCA-1	DARPA	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		RFTSat, NARSSCube-2, and ORCA are carried in CRS-18 to ISS.216217 They were placed in SlingShot Deployer on Cygnus NG-11 hatch bulkhead.218 They were deployed into orbit by SlingShot Deployer on 7 August 2019 after the departure of Cygnus NG-11 from the ISS. The upper stage has introduced a Grey Band on this mission.
26 July03:57219	Long March 2C		2C-Y37220	Xichang LC-3221		CASC
		Yaogan 30-05 01	CAS	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	In orbit	Operational
		Yaogan 30-05 02	CAS	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	In orbit	Operational
		Yaogan 30-05 03	CAS	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	In orbit	Operational
		Grid fins located on the interstage of the rocket are being used to test first stage landing zone control and recovery technologies.222223
30 July05:56224	Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat-M			Plesetsk Site 43/4		RVSN RF
		Meridian 8 (18L)	VKS	Molniya	Communications (military)	In orbit	Operational
31 July12:10:46225	Soyuz-2.1a			Baikonur Site 31/6		Roscosmos
		Progress MS-12 / 73P	Roscosmos	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS logistics	29 November	Successful
← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec → August
5 August21:56226	Proton-M / Briz-M			Baikonur Site 81/24		RVSN RF
		Blagovest-14L	VKS	Geosynchronous	Communications (military)	In orbit	Operational
		Fourth Blagovest satellite launch, completing the initial Blagovest satellite constellation.227
6 August19:30228	Ariane 5 ECA		VA249	Kourou ELA-3		Arianespace
		EDRS-C229 / HYLAS-3	ESA / Avanti	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		Intelsat 39	Intelsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
6 August23:23230	Falcon 9 Block 5		F9-074	Cape Canaveral SLC-40		SpaceX
		AMOS 17231232	Spacecom	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		The launch was free of charge for Spacecom as compensation for AMOS-6's destruction on 1 September 2016. The booster, B1047, was expended.
8 August10:13233	Atlas V 551		AV-084	Cape Canaveral SLC-41		ULA
		USA-292 (AEHF-5) 234	U.S. Air Force	Geosynchronous	Communications (military)	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ TDO-1235	U.S. Air Force	Highly elliptical	Space debris tracking	30 December 2022236	Successful
17 August04:11237	Jielong 1			Jiuquan LS-95A		CALT
		Tianqi-2238	Guodian Gaoke	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		Qian Sheng-1 01 (QS1-01)239240241	Qian Sheng Exploration	Low Earth	Earth observation, communications	In orbit	Operational
		Xingshidai-5242	ADASpace243	Low Earth	Remote sensing	In orbit	Operational
		Maiden flight of Jielong 1 (also known as Smart Dragon 1). First launch for the Qian Sheng satellite constellation.
19 August12:03244	Long March 3B/E		3B-Y58245	Xichang LC-2		CASC
		Chinasat 18246	China Satcom	Intended: GeosynchronousActual: GTO	Communications	In orbit	Spacecraft failure
		Spacecraft apparently failed to deploy solar panels after stage separation. It remains inoperable in geostationary transfer orbit (GTO).247248 The satellite has been declared as total loss by the Chinese government.
19 August12:12249	Electron		"Look Ma, No Hands"250	Mahia LC-1A		Rocket Lab
		BlackSky Global 4	BlackSky Global	Low Earth	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ BRO 1251	UnseenLabs	Low Earth	ELINT	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ Pearl White × 2252	Air Force Space Command	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
22 August03:38:31253	Soyuz-2.1a			Baikonur Site 31/6		Roscosmos
		Soyuz MS-14 / 60S	Roscosmos	Low Earth (ISS)	Test flight / ISS logistics	6 September21:32254	Successful
		Uncrewed flight to certify Soyuz-2.1a for crew transport missions255256257 with FEDOR (Skybot F-850) robot on board. First docking attempt on 24 August was aborted due to an issue on ISS, second attempt on 27 August was successful. Delivered Mini-EUSO telescope to ISS.
22 August13:06258	Delta IV M+ (4,2)U		D-384	Cape Canaveral SLC-37B		ULA
		GPS IIIA-02 Magellan	U.S. Air Force	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
		Last flight of the Delta IV "single stick" M+ series (Delta IV Heavy will continue flying). Named after Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan.259
29 August (ground test)260	Safir-1B261			Semnan LP-1		ISA
		Nahid 1262	Iranian Space Research Center	Low Earth	Communications	N/A	Rocket destroyed prior to launch263
		Rocket apparently exploded on the launch pad.264 According to the Iranian Ministry of ICT, the Nahid 1 satellite had yet to be delivered to the launch site.265
30 August14:00266	Rokot / Briz-KM			Plesetsk Site 133/3		RVSN RF
		Geo-IK-2 No.3 (Musson-2)	VKS	Low Earth	Geodesy	In orbit	Operational
30 August23:41267	Kuaizhou 1A		Y10268	Jiuquan LS-95A		ExPace
		Taiji-1 (KX-09)269270	CAS	Low Earth (SSO)	Microgravity scienceGravitational-wave astronomy	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ Xiaoxiang 1-07271	Tianyi Research Institute	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec → September
12 September03:26272	Long March 4B		4B-Y39273	Taiyuan LC-9		CASC
		Ziyuan I-02D	PLA	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		Ice Pathfinder (BNU-1)274	Beijing Normal University	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ Taurus 1 (Jinniuzuo-1)	Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
19 September06:42275	Long March 11		Y8276	Jiuquan LS-95A		CASC
		Zhuhai-1 OHS 3A–3D277	Zhuhai Orbita Control Engineering	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		Zhuhai-1 OVS 3A278	Zhuhai Orbita Control Engineering	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
22 September21:10279	Long March 3B / YZ-1		3B-Y65280	Xichang LC-2		CASC
		BeiDou-3 M23 (Beidou-47)281	CNSA	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
		BeiDou-3 M24 (Beidou-48)282	CNSA	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
24 September16:05283	H-IIB			Tanegashima LA-Y2		MHI
		HTV-8	JAXA	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS logistics	3 November02:09284	Successful
		⚀ NARSSCube-1	NARSS	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	20 December 2021285	Successful
		⚀ AQT-D	University of Tokyo	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	20 April 2022286	Successful
		⚀ RWASAT-1	Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	27 April 2022287	Successful
		The first launch attempt on 10 September, 21:33 UTC, was postponed due to a fire on the launch pad. NARSSCube-1, AQT-D, and RWASAT-1 were carried to ISS inside HTV-8 for later deployment into orbit from the ISS. RWASAT-1 was Rwanda's first satellite.288 The satellites were deployed into orbit from the ISS on 20 November 2019.
25 September00:54289	Long March 2D		2D-Y43290	Jiuquan SLS-2		CASC
		Yunhai-1 02	SAST	Low Earth (SSO)	Meteorology	In orbit	Spacecraft damaged; operational status uncertain
		Struck by a piece of space debris on 18 March 2021, eighteen months after launch. 37 associated pieces of debris have being tracked from the collision. The source of the debris was a piece of the Zenit-2 rocket that launched Tselina-2 in 1996. The satellite appears to have survived the encounter, though its operational status remains uncertain.291
25 September13:57:43292	Soyuz-FG			Baikonur Site 1/5		Roscosmos
		Soyuz MS-15 / 61S	Roscosmos	Low Earth (ISS)	Expedition 61/62	17 April 202005:16	Successful
		Crewed flight with three cosmonauts. Last flight of Soyuz-FG and last launch from Baikonur Site 1 ("Gagarin's Start"); replaced by Soyuz-2.1a launching from Site 31 for crewed missions starting with Soyuz MS-16 in April 2020.
26 September07:46293	Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M			Plesetsk Site 43/4		RVSN RF
		EKS-3 (Tundra 13L)294	VKS	Molniya	Early warning	In orbit	Operational
← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec → October
4 October18:51295	Long March 4C		4C-Y33	Taiyuan LC-9		CASC
		Gaofen 10R	CAST	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		Replacement for the Gaofen 10 satellite lost on 31 August 2016.
9 October10:17296	Proton-M / Briz-M P4			Baikonur Site 200/39		ILS
		Eutelsat 5 West B	Eutelsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		MEV-1	Northrop Grumman	Geosynchronous	Satellite servicing	In orbit	Operational
		MEV-1 successfully rendezvoused with Intelsat 901 on 25 February 2020.297 MEV-1 will extend Intelsat 901's operational life by five years through in-orbit station-keeping.298
11 October02:00299	Pegasus-XL		F44	Stargazer, CCAFS Skid Strip		Northrop Grumman
		ICON	NASA	Low Earth	Ionospheric research	In orbit	Operational
17 October01:22300	Electron		"As The Crow Flies"301	Mahia LC-1A		Rocket Lab
		⚀ Palisade302	Astro Digital	Low Earth (Polar)	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
17 October15:21303	Long March 3B/E		3B-Y57	Xichang LC-3		CASC
		TJS-4	CNSA	Geosynchronous	CommunicationsSIGINT	In orbit	Operational
← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec → November
2 November13:59:47304	Antares 230+			MARS LP-0A		Northrop Grumman
		Cygnus NG-12S.S. Alan Bean	NASA	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS logistics	17 March 202023:00	Successful
		STPSat 4305	USAF STP	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	4 October 2022306	Successful
		⚀ AeroCube 14 (IMPACT) × 2307	NRO	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	14A: 4 February 202330814B: 8 February 2023309	Successful
		⚀ AeroCube 15 (Rogue) × 2310	U.S. Air Force	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	15A: 7 February 202331115B: 10 February 2023312	Successful
		⚀ Argus-02	Saint Louis University	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	6 May 2022313	Successful
		⚀ HARP314	UM	Low Earth	Technology demonstration Atmospheric research	4 April 2022315	Successful
		⚀ HuskySat-1	University of Washington	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	12 Apr 2023316	Successful
		⚀ Orbital Factory 2317	University of Texas	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	20 March 2023318	Successful
		⚀ Phoenix	Arizona State University	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	12 June 2022	Successful
		⚀ RadSat-u	Montana State University	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	30 April 2022319	Successful
		⚀ SOCRATES	University of Minnesota	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	2022	Successful
		⚀ SwampSat II	University of Florida	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	19 October 2021320	Successful
		First CRS-2 mission for Cygnus. The ELaNa 25A mission launched on this resupply flight.321 STPSat-4 was deployed into orbit from ISS on 29 January 2020.322 AeroCube 14 × 2, AeroCube 15 × 2, HuskySat-1, SwampSat-II, and Orbital Factory 2 were deployed into orbit from Cygnus NG-12 after it departed from the ISS.323324 RadSat-U, Phoenix, SOCRATES, HARP, and Argus-02 were deployed into orbit from the ISS on 19 February 2020.325
3 November03:22:39326327	Long March 4B		4B-Y38	Taiyuan LC-9		CASC
		Gaofen 7328	Ministry of Natural Resources	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		Huangpu-1 (Jingzhi-1)329	SAST	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observationTechnology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		Sudan Remote Sensing Satellite 1 (SRSS-1)	Sudan	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observationTechnology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ Xiaoxiang 1-08 / Tianyi 15 / Dianfeng	Tianyi Research Institute	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	25 April 2023330	Successful
		Xiaoxiang 1-08 carries the first propulsion system in space using solid iodine as propellant (cold gas thruster) developed by a French start-up.331 Test of grid fins towards development of reusable boosters for Long March 8. SRSS-1, Sudan's first satellite developed and built by Chinese satellite manufacturer, Shenzhen Aerospace Oriental Red Sea Satellite Co., was launched as a rideshare on this mission.332333
4 November17:43334	Long March 3B/E		3B-Y61335	Xichang LC-2		CASC
		BeiDou-3 I3Q	CNSA	IGSO	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
11 November14:56336	Falcon 9 Block 5		Starlink V1.0-L1	Cape Canaveral SLC-40		SpaceX
		Starlink × 60	SpaceX	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		First operational Starlink mission, launching the first 60 Starlink v1.0 satellites. The booster was flown for the 4th time. First launch of Starlink Group 1 Satellites.
13 November03:40337	Kuaizhou 1A		Y11	Jiuquan LS-95A		ExPace
		Jilin-1 Gaofen-02A338	Chang Guang Satellite Technology	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
13 November06:35339340	Long March 6		Y4	Taiyuan LC-16		CASC
		Ningxia-1 (Zhongzi) × 5341	Ningxia Jingui Information Technology	Low Earth	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
17 November10:00342	Kuaizhou 1A		Y7343	Jiuquan LS-95A		ExPace
		KL-Alpha A344	KLEO Connect	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		KL-Alpha B345	KLEO Connect	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		The two satellites are part of an international cooperative commercial project between the Innovation Academy for Microsatellites of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and KLEO Connect.346347 KL-Alpha A and B are the first commercial satellites built by a Chinese satellite construction organization for a foreign company.348
23 November00:55349	Long March 3B / YZ-1		3B-Y66350	Xichang LC-3		CASC
		BeiDou-3 M21	CNSA	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
		BeiDou-3 M22	CNSA	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
25 November17:52351	Soyuz-2-1v / Volga			Plesetsk Site 43/4		RVSN RF
		Kosmos 2542	Ministry of Defence	Low Earth (SSO)	Satellite inspection352	24 October 202310:07353	Successful
		Kosmos 2543	Ministry of Defence	Low Earth (SSO)	Satellite inspection354ASAT test	In orbit	Operational
		Kosmos 2542, the main satellite, deployed a small inspector sub-satellite, Kosmos 2543, on 6 December.355356 Kosmos 2543 deployed an even smaller sub-satellite at a high velocity on 15 July 2020, an event that U.S. military officials characterized as a test of a space-based anti-satellite weapon.357
26 November21:23358	Ariane 5 ECA		VA250	Kourou ELA-3		Arianespace
		Inmarsat-5 F5 (GX5)359360	Inmarsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		TIBA 1361	Egypt	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
27 November03:58362363	PSLV-XL		C47364	Satish Dhawan SLP		ISRO
		Cartosat-3	ISRO	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ Flock-4p × 12365	Planet Labs	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ Meshbed366	Analytical Space Inc.	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	2 May 2023367	Successful
27 November23:52368369	Long March 4C		4C-Y24	Taiyuan LC-9		CASC
		Gaofen 12	Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec → December
5 December17:29370	Falcon 9 Block 5		F9-076	Cape Canaveral SLC-40		SpaceX
		SpaceX CRS-19	NASA	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS logistics	7 January 2020	Successful
		⚀ AzTechSat-1371	UPAEP / NASA	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	10 December 2021	Successful
		⚀ CIRiS372	USU	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	14 March 2023373	Successful
		⚀ CryoCube 1374	NASA	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	23 November 2021	Successful
		⚀ EdgeCube375	SSU	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	25 October 2022376	Successful
		⚀ MakerSat-1377378	NNU	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	29 October 2022379	Successful
		⚀ MiniCarb (CNGB)380	LLNL / GSFC	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ ORCA-2381	DARPA	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ ORCA-8382	DARPA	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	8 August 2022	Successful
		⚀ QARMAN383384	Von Karman Institute	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	6 February 2022	Successful
		⚀ SORTIE385	ASTRA LLC	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	18 September 2022386	Successful
		⚀ VPM387	AFRL	Low Earth	Magnetospheric research	29 September 2022388389	Successful
		The ELaNa 25B and 28 missions were launched on this resupply flight.390 EdgeCube, CIRiS, MakerSat-1, VPM, ORCA-2, ORCA-8 and MiniCarb were deployed from Cygnus NG-12 after its departure from the ISS.391392 AzTechSat-1, CryoCube 1, SORTIE, and QARMAN were deployed from the ISS on 19 February 2020.393
6 December08:18394	Electron		"Running Out Of Fingers"	Mahia LC-1A		Rocket Lab
		ALE-2	Astro Live Experiences	Low Earth (SSO)	Artificial meteor shower	In orbit	Spacecraft failure395
		▫  ATL 1	BME	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	11 October 2020396	Successful
		▫  FossaSat 1	Fossa Systems	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	28 October 2020	Successful
		▫  NOOR 1A (Unicorn 2B)397	Stara Space	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	29 December 2020398	Successful
		▫  NOOR 1B (Unicorn 2C)399	Stara Space	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	7 April 2020400	Successful401
		▫  SMOG-P	BME University	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	28 September 2020402	Successful
		▫  TRSI Sat	ACME AtronOmatic	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	9 October 2020403	Successful
		Launched ALE-2 and six PocketQubes forming Alba Cluster 2 for Alba Orbital.404 Tested reusability technologies on the first stage following stage separation and reentry.405
6 December09:34:11406	Soyuz-2.1a			Baikonur Site 31/6		Roscosmos
		Progress MS-13 / 74P407	Roscosmos	Low Earth (ISS)	ISS logistics	8 July 2020	Successful
7 December02:55408	Kuaizhou 1A		Y2	Taiyuan Mobile Launch Platform		ExPace
		Jilin-1 Gaofen-02B	Chang Guang Satellite Technology	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
7 December08:52409	Kuaizhou 1A		Y12	Taiyuan LC-16		ExPace
		HEAD-2A410	HEAD Aerospace	Low Earth (SSO)	AIS ship tracking	In orbit	Operational
		HEAD-2B411	HEAD Aerospace	Low Earth (SSO)	AIS ship tracking	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ Tianqi-4A412	Guodian Gaoke	Low Earth (SSO)	IoT	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ Tianqi-4B413	Guodian Gaoke	Low Earth (SSO)	IoT	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ Tianyi 16	Spacety Aerospace	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ Tianyi 17	Spacety Aerospace	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
11 December08:54:48414	Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M			Plesetsk Site 43/3		RVSN RF
		GLONASS-M 759	VKS	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
11 December09:55415416	PSLV-QL		C48	Satish Dhawan FLP		ISRO
		RISAT-2BR1417	ISRO	Low Earth	Earth observationReconnaissance	In orbit	Operational
		Izanagi (QPS-SAR 1)418	iQPS	Low Earth	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ 1HOPSAT TD419	Hera Systems	Low Earth	Earth observationTechnology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ Duchifat-3420	Herzliya Science Center	Low Earth	Earth observationEducation	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ Lemur-2 × 4	Spire Global	Low Earth	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ NANOVA / COMMTRAIL (Tyvak 92)421422	Elbit Systems	Low Earth	Search and rescue	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ Pathfinder Risk Reduction (Tyvak 129)423	Tyvak	Low Earth	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		50th PSLV launch.
16 December07:22424	Long March 3B / YZ-1		3B-Y67	Xichang LC-3		CASC
		BeiDou-3 M19	CNSA	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
		BeiDou-3 M20	CNSA	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Operational
17 December00:10425	Falcon 9 Block 5		F9-077	Cape Canaveral SLC-40		SpaceX
		JCSAT-18 / Kacific 1426	JSAT / Kacific	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
18 December08:54:20427	Soyuz ST-A / Fregat-M		VS23	Kourou ELS		Arianespace
		CHEOPS428	ESA	Low Earth (SSO)	Space telescopeExoplanetary science	In orbit	Operational
		COSMO-SkyMed (CSG) 1	ASI	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation (radar)	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ ANGELS429	CNES	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ EyeSat430	CNES	Low Earth (SSO)	Astronomy	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ OPS-SAT	ESA	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
20 December03:22:29431432	Long March 4B		4B-Y44	Taiyuan LC-9		CASC
		CBERS 4A / Ziyuan I-04A433	CASC / INPE	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		ETRSS-1434	ESSTI	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		Gemini-1 01 (Yuheng)	NUDT	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		Gemini-1 02 (Shuntian)	NUDT	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		Tianqin 1435	Sun Yat-sen University	Low Earth (SSO)	Gravitational-wave astronomy	In orbit	Operational
		Tianyan 01 / Yizheng-1	Jiangsu Satellite Technology Services	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		Weilai 1R / Future 1R436	China Central Television	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ FloripaSat-1437	UFSC	Low Earth (SSO)	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Operational
		⚀ Tianyan 02 / Xingshidai-8	ADASpace	Low Earth (SSO)	Earth observation	In orbit	Operational
		ETRSS-1 is the first Ethiopian satellite, which was developed in collaboration between Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute and China Academy of Space Technology, with $6 million pledged by China to provide grant and training covering the satellite's $8 million development cost.438
20 December11:36:43439	Atlas V N22		AV-080	Cape Canaveral SLC-41		ULA
		Starliner Boe-OFT	Boeing / NASA	Low Earth (ISS)	Flight test / ISS logistics	22 December 201912:58	Spacecraft anomaly, recovered successfully
		Boeing Orbital Flight Test of CST-100 Starliner as part of Commercial Crew Development program.440 Approach to ISS aborted after achieving orbit due to error in Mission-Elapsed Timer on the spacecraft, resulting in an anomalous orbital injection.441 Spacecraft landed at White Sands Missile Range on 22 December 2019 after two days in space.442
24 December12:03443	Proton-M / DM-03			Baikonur Site 81/24		Roscosmos
		Elektro-L No.3	Roscosmos	Geosynchronous	Meteorology	In orbit	Operational
26 December23:11:57444445	Rokot / Briz-KM			Plesetsk Site 133/3		RVSN RF
		Gonets-M 14	Gonets Satellite System	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		Gonets-M 15	Gonets Satellite System	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		Gonets-M 16	Gonets Satellite System	Low Earth	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		BLITS-M	Roscosmos	Low Earth	Laser ranging	10 April 2020446	Payload separation failure
		Final flight of Rokot. BLITS-M failed to separate from the upper stage.447
27 December12:45448449	Long March 5		Y3450	Wenchang LC-1		CASC
		Shijian 20	CAST	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Operational
		Long March 5 return-to-flight mission following the July 2017 launch failure.

← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec →

Suborbital flights

Date and time (UTC)	Rocket		Flight number	Launch site		LSP
		Payload(⚀ = CubeSat)	Operator	Orbit	Function	Decay (UTC)	Outcome
		Remarks
4 January09:27	Black Brant XIIA			Andøya		NASA
		CAPER-2	Dartmouth College	Suborbital	Auroral research	4 January	Successful
		Apogee: 774 kilometres (481 mi)
13 January09:13	Terrier-Improved Malemute			Andøya		NASA
		G-CHASER	University of Colorado	Suborbital	Student payloads	13 January	Successful
		Apogee: 174 kilometres (108 mi)
22 January	Silver Sparrow ?			F-15 Eagle, Israel		IAF
			IAI/IDF	Suborbital	Missile test target	22 January	Successful
		Arrow III target, successfully intercepted
22 January	Arrow III			Negev		IAF
			IAI/IDF	Suborbital	Flight test	22 January	Successful
		Successful intercept, Apogee: ~200 kilometres (120 mi)
23 January15:05451	New Shepard		NS-10	Corn Ranch		Blue Origin
		Crew Capsule 2.0	Blue Origin	Suborbital	Test flight	23 January	Successful
		Tenth test flight of the New Shepard development program, fourth one with the current vehicle.452
6 February07:01	Minuteman-III			Vandenberg Air Force Base LF-04		US Air Force
		FTU-1	US Air Force	Suborbital	Test flight	6 February	Successful
6 February08:31	RS-24 Yars			Plesetsk		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	6 February	Successful
12 February	PDV-II			ITR IC-4		DRDO
		ASAT	DRDO	Suborbital	Satellite intercept	12 February	Launch failure
		First attempt of Mission Shakhti (ASAT Test with Microsat-R as target)453
22 February16:54	SpaceShipTwo		VF-01	White Knight Two, from Mojave Spaceport		Virgin Galactic
		VSS Unity	Virgin Galactic	Suborbital	Test flight	22 February	Successful
		Second crewed sub-orbital high altitude flight of SpaceShipTwo with three crew members on board, pilot David Mackay, co-pilot Mike Masucci and chief trainer Beth Moses, Apogee: 89.9 kilometres (55.9 mi)
2 March17:45	SARGE			Spaceport America, New Mexico		Exos Aerospace
		SARGE M1	Exos Aerospace	Suborbital	Microgravity Research	2 March	Partial failure
		Second launch of the SARGE suborbital launch vehicle, it carried several small research payloads and was intended to reach a peak altitude of 80 kilometers, but winds kept the rocket from achieving its planned altitude, it reached only an apogee of 20 kilometres (12 mi)454
25 March17:20	ICBM-T2			Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site		MDA
		FTG-11 target	MDA	Suborbital	ABM target	25 March	Successful
		Ballistic missile target for interception
25 March17:30	GBI-OBV			Vandenberg Air Force Base		MDA
		FTG-11 Interceptor	MDA	Suborbital	ABM test	25 March	Successful
		Ballistic missile interceptor
25 March17:31	GBI-OBV			Vandenberg Air Force Base		MDA
		FTG-11 Interceptor	MDA	Suborbital	ABM test	25 March	Successful
		Ballistic missile interceptor
27 March05:40	PDV-II			ITR IC-4		DRDO
		ASAT	DRDO	Suborbital	Satellite intercept	27 March	Successful
		Mission Shakhti (ASAT Test with Microsat-R as target), Apogee: 270 kilometres (170 mi), satellite successfully destroyed
5 April22:14	Black Brant XIA			Andøya		NASA
		AZURE 1	Clemson	Suborbital	Auroral	5 April	Successful
		Apogee: 320 kilometres (200 mi)
5 April22:16	Black Brant XIA			Andøya		NASA
		AZURE 2	Clemson	Suborbital	Auroral	5 April	Successful
		Apogee: 320 kilometres (200 mi)
11 April16:51	Black Brant IX			White Sands Missile Range		NASA
		CLASP-2	NASA / NAOJ / JAXA / IAC / IAS	Suborbital	Solar astronomy	11 April	Successful
		Apogee: 274 kilometres (170 mi)
21 April	Traveler IV			Spaceport America, New Mexico		USC Rocket Propulsion Lab
		Flight test	–	Suborbital	Flight test	21 April	Successful
		First suborbital flight by a student team.455 Apogee: 104 kilometres (65 mi)
22 April23:28456	Tianxing 1		Y1			Space Transportation
			Space Transportation	Suborbital	Flight test	22 April	Successful
		Test flight of the Tianxing 1 suborbital spaceplane.
23 April	Terrier Malemute			Pacific Missile Range Facility		NNSA
		HOT SHOT 2	NNSA	Suborbital	Technology experiments	23 April	Successful
		Apogee: ~320 kilometres (200 mi)?
24 April	Terrier Malemute			Pacific Missile Range Facility		NNSA
		HOT SHOT 3	NNSA	Suborbital	Technology experiments	24 April	Successful
		Apogee: ~320 kilometres (200 mi)?
1 May09:42	Minuteman-III			Vandenberg Air Force Base LF-10		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Test flight	1 May	Successful
2 May45713:35	New Shepard		NS-11	Corn Ranch		Blue Origin
		Crew Capsule 2.0	Blue Origin	Suborbital	Test flight	2 May	Successful
		Took 38 research payloads into space
3 May20:45	Momo 3			Taiki Aerospace Research Field		Interstellar Technologies
			Kochi University of Technology	Suborbital	Infrasound propagation measurement	3 May	Successful
		Apogee: 113 kilometres (70 mi)458
9 May07:40	Minuteman-III			Vandenberg Air Force Base LF-09		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Test flight	9 May	Successful
9 May	UGM-133 Trident II			USS Rhode Island (SSBN-740), ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	9 May	Successful
		Demonstration and Shakedown Operation (DASO) 29
10 May	SM-3-IB			USS Roosevelt (DDG-80), Hebrides Range		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Test flight	10 May	Successful
		FS-19 E4, apogee: ~150 kilometres (93 mi)?
23 May	Shaheen-II			Sonmiani		ASFC
			ASFC	Suborbital	Missile test	23 May	Successful
13 June02:21	VSB-30?			Esrange		DLR / SSC
		ATEK/MAPHEUS-8	DLR	Suborbital	Technology demonstration	13 June	Successful
		Apogee: 240 kilometres (150 mi)
19 June11:28	Black Brant IX			Kwajalein Atoll		NASA
		TooWINDY 1	NASA	Suborbital	Ionosphere research	19 June	Successful
		Apogee: 373 kilometres (232 mi)459
19 June11:33	Black Brant IX			Kwajalein Atoll		NASA
		TooWINDY 2	NASA	Suborbital	Ionosphere research	19 June	Successful
		Apogee: 412 kilometres (256 mi)
20 June09:38	Terrier-Improved Orion			Wallops Flight Facility		NASA
		RockOn	University of Colorado	Suborbital	Student payloads	20 June	Successful
		Apogee: 117 kilometres (73 mi)460
24 June06:52	VSB-30			Esrange		EuroLaunch
		MASER-14	SSC	Suborbital	Microgravity	24 June	Successful
		apogee: 260 kilometres (160 mi)
29 June18:00	SARGE			Spaceport America, New Mexico		Exos Aerospace
		SARGE M1	Exos Aerospace	Suborbital	Microgravity Research	29 June	Launch failure
		Third launch of the SARGE suborbital launch vehicle, it carried several small research payloads for nine clients. The flight failed seconds after launch. However, the rocket was recovered.461
2 July11:00462	Orion Abort Test Booster			Cape Canaveral SLC-46		NASA
		Orion Ascent Abort-2	NASA	Suborbital	Test flight	2 July	Successful
		In-flight abort test under the highest aerodynamic loads. A specific booster repurposed from a LGM-118 Peacekeeper missile was used in this mission.463464
24 July	Shahab-3			Iran		IRGC
			IRGC	Suborbital	Missile test	24 July	Successful
		Apogee: ~150 kilometres (93 mi)
26 July	RS-12M Topol			Kapustin Yar		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	26 July	Successful
26 July ?	eMRBM ?			C-17, Pacific Ocean ?		MDA
		FTA-01	MDA	Suborbital	Arrow III target	26 July ?	Successful
		Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi), the FTA-01 exercise saw three US Missile Defense Agency medium range targets of undisclosed type launched from an undisclosed location on undisclosed dates in July, all intercepted by Israeli Arrow 3 interceptors launched from Kodiak, Alaska.465
26 July ?	Arrow III			Kodiak		IAF / MDA
		FTA-01	MDA/IDF	Suborbital	ABM test	26 July ?	Successful
		Intercepted target missile, apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
26 July ?	eMRBM ?			C-17, Pacific Ocean ?		MDA
		FTA-01	MDA	Suborbital	Arrow III target	26 July ?	Successful
		Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi), successful intercepted
26 July ?	Arrow III			Kodiak		IAF / MDA
		FTA-01	MDA/IDF	Suborbital	ABM test	26 July ?	Successful
		Intercepted target missile, apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
26 July ?	eMRBM ?			C-17, Pacific Ocean ?		MDA
		FTA-01	MDA	Suborbital	Arrow III target	26 July ?	Successful
		Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi), successful intercepted
26 July ?	Arrow III			Kodiak		IAF / MDA
		FTA-01	MDA/IDF	Suborbital	ABM test	26 July ?	Successful
		Intercepted target missile, apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
27 July07:20	Momo 4			Taiki Aerospace Research Field		Interstellar Technologies
			Kochi University of Technology	Suborbital	Infrasound propagation measurement	27 July	Launch failure
		The rocket suffered an early engine shutdown and only reached 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) altitude.
11 August06:07	Black Brant IX			White Sands Missile Range		NASA
		SISTINE	University of Colorado	Suborbital	UV Astronomy	11 August	Successful
		Apogee: 259 km (161 mi).
12 August09:44	Terrier-Improved Malemute			Wallops Flight Facility		NASA
		RockSat-X	NASA	Suborbital	Student experiments	12 August	Successful
		Apogee: 154 kilometres (96 mi)
24 August	R-29RMU Sineva			K-114 Tula, near North Pole		VMF
			VMF	Suborbital	Missile test	24 August	Successful
24 August	RSM-56 Bulava			K-535 Yury Dolgorukiy, Barents Sea		VMF
			VMF	Suborbital	Missile test	24 August	Successful
30 August	eMRBM ?		FTT-23	C-17, Pacific Ocean		MDA
			MDA	Suborbital	ABM target	30 August	Successful
		Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi), successfully intercepted
30 August	THAAD		FTT-23	Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site		US Army
			US Army/MDA	Suborbital	ABM test	30 August	Successful
		Intercepted target missile, apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
4 September	UGM-133 Trident II			USS Nebraska (SSBN-739), Pacific Missile Range Facility		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	4 September	Successful
		Commander Evaluation Test (CET)
4 September	UGM-133 Trident II			USS Nebraska (SSBN-739), Pacific Missile Range Facility		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	4 September	Successful
		Commander Evaluation Test (CET)
6 September	UGM-133 Trident II			USS Nebraska (SSBN-739), Pacific Missile Range Facility		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	6 September	Successful
		Commander Evaluation Test (CET)
6 September	UGM-133 Trident II			USS Nebraska (SSBN-739), Pacific Missile Range Facility		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	6 September	Successful
		Commander Evaluation Test (CET)
18 September09:30 ?	Black Brant IX			Wallops Flight Facility		NASA
			DoD	Suborbital	Technology demonstration	18 September	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
30 September18:04	Black Brant IX			White Sands Missile Range		NASA
		ESIS	Montana State University	Suborbital	Solar research	30 September	Successful
		Apogee: 246 kilometres (153 mi)
30 September	RS-12M Topol			Plesetsk		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	30 September	Successful
1 October46610:00	Pukguksong-3			Yonghung Bay, Kangwon Province		Korean People's Army
			Korean People's Army	Suborbital	Missile test	1 October	Successful
		Apogee: 910 kilometres (570 mi).
2 October08:13	Minuteman-III			Vandenberg Air Force Base LF-10		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Test flight	2 October	Successful
7 October15:00	Black Brant IX			White Sands Missile Range		NASA
		DUST	GSFC	Suborbital	Physics	7 October	Successful
		Apogee: 338 kilometres (210 mi)
17 October467	Black Dagger			Fort Wingate		SMDC
			SMDC	Suborbital	Missile test	17 October	Successful
17 October	RS-24 Yars			Plesetsk		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	17 October	Successful
17 October	R-29RMU Sineva			K-18 Karelia, Barents Sea		VMF
			VMF	Suborbital	Missile test	17 October	Successful
17 October	R-29R Volna			K-44 Ryazan, Sea of Okhotsk		VMF
			VMF	Suborbital	Missile test	17 October	Successful
25 October00:00	Terrier-Improved Malemute			Wallops Flight Facility		NASA
		SubTec-8	NASA	Suborbital	Technology demonstration	25 October	Successful
		Apogee: 209 kilometres (130 mi)
26 October17:42	SARGE			Spaceport America, New Mexico		Exos Aerospace
		SARGE M1	Exos Aerospace	Suborbital	Microgravity Research	26 October	Launch failure
		Fourth launch of the SARGE suborbital launch vehicle, it carried several small research payloads. The rocket lost control of attitude seconds after launch. Several pieces of debris felt back to the ground, and the rocket body crashed near the launch pad nearly three and a half minutes after liftoff. The rocket reached a peak altitude of about 12.6 kilometres (7.8 mi), far short of the planned altitude of at least 80 kilometres (50 mi).468
28 October04:30	Black Brant IX			White Sands Missile Range		NASA
		FORTIS-4	JHU	Suborbital	UV Astronomy	28 October	Successful
		Apogee: 261 kilometres (162 mi). Payload: Experimental FORTIS (Far-ultraviolet Off Rowland-circle Telescope for Imaging and Spectroscopy) telescope and Next-Generation Microshutter Array (NGMSA). Studied the way gas is being ejected by supernovae from galaxy M33. The goal is to understand matter recycling between stellar generations of the galaxy. Experiment was successful.469
30 October14:57	RSM-56 Bulava			K-549 Knyaz Vladimir, White Sea		VMF
			VMF	Suborbital	Missile test	30 October	Successful
4 November14:15	Starliner launch abort engines			White Sands Missile Range		Boeing
		Starliner	Boeing	Suborbital	Emergency escape systems test; pad-abort test	4 November	Successful
		Apogee: 1,349 meters (4,426 ft)
15 November09:35	VSB-30			Esrange		EuroLaunch
		TEXUS-56	DLR / ESA	Suborbital	Microgravity	15 November	Successful
		Apogee: 256 kilometres (159 mi)
16 November14:02	Agni II			Integrated Test Range		Indian Army / DRDO
			Indian Army/DRDO	Suborbital	Missile test	16 November	Successful
22 November15:19	SpaceLoft XL			Spaceport America		UP Aerospace
		FOP-7, ADS-B experiment	NASA	Suborbital	Technology experiments	22 November	Successful
		Mission SL-14, Apogee: 92 kilometres (57 mi)470
26 November07:43	Terrier-Improved Malemute			Ny-Ålesund		NASA
		ICI-5	NASA/Oslo/Andøya	Suborbital	Ionosphere research	26 November	Partial failure
		Apogee: 253 kilometres (157 mi), the rocket experienced a roll rate anomaly, precluding the instruments from functioning as intended.471
28 November	RS-12M Topol			Kapustin Yar		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	28 November	Successful
30 November13:50	Agni-III			ITR IC-4		Indian Army
			Indian Army	Suborbital	Missile test	30 November	Launch failure472
		The maiden night trial of the Agni-III was conducted. The missile reportedly started diverging from its planned flight trajectory after traveling a distance of 115 kilometers. This caused the mission control to subsequently abort the flight. A manufacturing defect is thought to be the potential cause of the failure.
10 December09:30	Black Brant IX			Ny-Ålesund		NASA
		CHI	Clemson	Suborbital	Ionosphere research	10 December	Successful
		Apogee: 360 kilometres (220 mi)
11 December17:53473	New Shepard		NS-12	Corn Ranch		Blue Origin
		Crew Capsule 2.0	Blue Origin	Suborbital	Test flight/Payload delivery	11 December	Successful
		Postcards	Club For The Future	Suborbital	Education	11 December	Successful
		Peak altitude 104.5 kilometers. Took a number of research and educational payloads to space. Sixth flight for the propulsion module+capsule combination. Both the propulsion module and capsule landed successfully. A Croatian postcard was the first payload from Croatia to be sent into space.
12 December16:30474	IRBM			Vandenberg Air Force Base TP-01		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Test flight	12 December	Successful
23 December00:50475	Tianxing 1		Y2			Space Transportation
			Space Transportation	Suborbital	Flight test	23 December	Successful
		Test flight of the Tianxing 1 suborbital spaceplane.

Deep-space rendezvous

Date (UTC)	Spacecraft	Event	Remarks
1 January	New Horizons	Flyby of Kuiper belt object 486958 Arrokoth	The observed planetesimal, consisting of two spheroid pieces, was initially nicknamed Ultima Thule.
3 January476	Chang'e 4	Landing at Von Kármán crater	First landing on the far side of the Moon, coordinates 45°27′25″S 177°35′20″E / 45.457°S 177.589°E / -45.457; 177.589.
12 February	Juno	18th perijove of Jupiter
21 February	Hayabusa2	First sample collection from asteroid Ryugu477
4 April	Parker Solar Probe	Second perihelion
4 April	Beresheet	Lunar orbital insertion
5 April	Hayabusa2	Release of Small Carry-On Impactor (SCI) on the surface of Ryugu	SCI created a crater for further investigation. A dedicated DCAM-3 camera was deployed to observe the impact.
6 April	Juno	19th perijove
11 April	Beresheet	Lunar landing	Crashed due to gyroscope failure478
29 May	Juno	20th perijove
11 July	Hayabusa2	Second sample collection from Ryugu
21 July	Juno	21st perijove
20 August	Chandrayaan-2	Lunar orbital insertion
1 September	Parker Solar Probe	Third perihelion
6 September	Chandrayaan-2	Lunar landing	Vikram lander crashed after it lost attitude and contact at an altitude of 2.3 km.479
12 September	Juno	22nd perijove
2 October	Hayabusa2	Deployment of ROVER-2 (MINERVA-II-2)	Rover failed before deployment, it was deployed in orbit around the asteroid to perform gravitational measurements before it impacted on 8 October.
3 November	Juno	23rd perijove
13 November	Hayabusa2	Departure from Ryugu
26 December	Parker Solar Probe	Second gravity assist at Venus
26 December	Juno	24th perijove

Extravehicular activities (EVAs)

Start Date/Time	Duration	End Time	Spacecraft	Crew	Remarks
22 March 12:01	6 hours 39 minutes	18:40	Expedition 59 ISS Quest	Anne McClain Nick Hague	connected 3 new Li-ion batteries to replace 6 old Ni-H batteries on power channel 4A of the P4 truss segment.480 cleaned up debris on Unity's common berthing mechanism using Kapton tape 481 secured a tieback for restraints on the solar array blanket box.482
29 March 11:42	6 hours 45 minutes	18:27	Expedition 59 ISS Quest	Nick Hague Christina Koch	connected 3 new Li-ion batteries to replace 6 old Ni-H batteries on power channel 2A of the P4 truss segment. disconnected cables and relocated an adapter plate to enable Canadarm2 to remove a failed Li-ion battery.483
8 April 11:31	6 hours 29 minutes	18:00	Expedition 59 ISS Quest	Anne McClain David Saint-Jacques	installed jumper cables between the Unity module and the S0 truss to establish redundant power to Canadarm2. installed cables to provide for more expansive wireless communications coverage outside the orbital complex.484 relocated an adapter plate from the 22 March spacewalk in preparation for future battery upgrade operations485
29 May 15:42	6 hours 1 minute	21:43	Expedition 59 ISS Pirs	Oleg Kononenko Aleksey Ovchinin	removed experiments from the Pirs docking compartment and cleaned the windows. installed a handrail to connect Zarya to Poisk and re-positioned the Plume Measuring Unit. moved to the Zvesda Service Module and removed and jettisoned the Plasma Monitoring Units. wished happy birthday to Alexei Leonov who is the first spacewalker and is celebrating his 85th birthday on 30 May. Also brought a picture of Leonov into space with them.
21 August 12:27	6 hours 32 minutes	18:59	Expedition 60 ISS Quest	Nick Hague Andrew R. Morgan	Hague and Morgan installed the final International Docking Adapter on the Harmony Module. The task for this spacewalk was identical to Spacewalk 194 and required work by both spacewalkers and Dextre to get the docking port installed in preparation for the Boeing CST-100 Starliner orbital flight test, which will occur by the end of December. The crew also routed cables and installed Wi-Fi routers for upcoming experiments.486
6 October 11:39	7 hours 01 minutes	18:40	Expedition 61 ISS Quest	Christina Koch Andrew R. Morgan	This spacewalk was the first of Expedition 61 and the first in a series of five to replace and improve ISS batteries on the P6 truss.487
11 October 11:38	6 hours 45 minutes	18:23	Expedition 61 ISS Quest	Andrew R. Morgan Christina Koch	This spacewalk was the second of Expedition 61 and the second in a series of five to replace and improve ISS batteries on the P6 truss. Before they went out to the hatch, Mission Control Moscow relayed to the crew that Alexei Leonov had died and that this spacewalk was dedicated to him. As the crew came in and took off their suits, each gave a few words in memory of Leonov before station commander Luca Parmitano said "Farewell Alexei, and ad astra."488489
18 October 11:38	7 hours 17 minutes	18:55	Expedition 61 ISS Quest	Christina Koch Jessica Meir	This spacewalk was the third of Expedition 61 and the third in a series of five to replace and improve ISS batteries on the P6 truss. Some of the battery swaps were delayed to EVA 222 due to a power failure in a Battery Charge Discharge Unit in slots 5 and 6 on the P6 Truss taking the 4B battery channel offline. Koch and Meir replaced the failed unit and brought it back inside. The battery swap was moved to EVA 222 to save time and Meir and Koch wrapped up the spacewalk by installing a stanchion on the Columbus Module and tightening the bolts on the S0 Truss, which had come loose. This spacewalk was the first all-female spacewalk. During the spacewalk, President Trump called the station and congratulated Koch and Meir on this milestone.490
15 November 11:39	6 hours 39 minutes	18:18	Expedition 61 ISS Quest	Luca Parmitano Andrew Morgan	First of a series of four spacewalks to repair the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer which suffered a power failure last year in one of its four cooling pumps limiting the operation of the experiment. Parmitano and Morgan went outside and removed a cover plate from AMS and jettisoned it into space to make way for a cryo pump that they will assemble between spacewalks. Some of the bolts put up a fight but Parmitano got them all out. The highlight of the spacewalk is when Andrew Morgan threw the cover plate overboard and it drifted off aft of the station into the vacuum of space. The plate will stay in orbit for a few days until the end of December when it enters the atmosphere and burns up. The crew also removed several carbon fiber strips around fluid lines and installed handrails and grapple bars as get-ahead task. This spacewalk marks Parmitano's return to spacewalking after the Water in the Helmet Incident during EVA 171.491
22 November 12:02	6 hours 33 minutes	16:35	Expedition 61 ISS Quest	Luca Parmitano Andrew Morgan	The second in a series of four spacewalks to repair the AMS. Parmitano and Morgan cut fluid lines and installed a vent on the AMS Experiment to prep the old cooling pump for removal on the third spacewalk. Parmitano and Morgan also routed cables and installed a new power supply to power the pumps when they are installed on the third spacewalk.492
2 December 11:31	6 hours 2 minutes	17:33	Expedition 61 ISS Quest	Luca Parmitano Andrew Morgan	The third in a series of four spacewalks to repair the AMS. Parmitano and Morgan went out on the third spacewalk and installed the cryo pump and routed fluid and electrical lines to power the pump. Flight controllers in Houston, Huntsville, and at CERN activated the experiment and radioed to the crew that AMS passed with flying colors. The crew finished the spacewalk by doing a get-ahead task by covering AMS with thermal blanket.493

Space debris events

See also: List of space debris producing events

Date/Time (UTC)	Source object	Event type	Pieces tracked	Remarks
27 March	Microsat-R (suspected) and kinetic kill vehicle	2019 Indian anti-satellite missile test	121494	Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced a successful test of an anti-satellite weapon. The test was believed to have destroyed the Microsat-R satellite launched in January.495496
Early April	A Centaur 3 upper stage(previously International Designator 2018-079B)	Unknown497	54498	The upper stage of the Centaur 3 that carried AEHF −4 in high Earth orbit on 17 October 2018 broke up for unknown reasons.499
7 May	Titan IIIC Transtage rocket body500	Titan IIIC Transtage rocket body	?501	Energetic fragmentation event by caused the overheating of leftover anhydrous hydrazine(N2H4) Mono Propellant
13 August	Ariane 42P third stage rocket body	Unknown	7
19 August	SOZ (Sistema Obespecheniya Zapuska) ullage motor	Proton Block DM fourth stage	?502	Energetic fragmentation event; caused by left over fuel in the ullage motor.

Orbital launch statistics

See also: Timeline of spaceflight

By country

For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For example, Soyuz launches by Arianespace in Kourou are counted under Russia because Soyuz-2 is a Russian rocket.

Country		Launches	Successes	Failures	Partial failures	Remarks
	China	34	32	2	0
	France	4	4	0	0
	Italy	2	1	1	0
	India	6	6	0	0
	Iran	2	0	2	0	Additionally, one rocket exploded on the launch pad during a ground test.
	Japan	2	2	0	0
	Russia	25	25	0	0	Includes three European Soyuz launches from Kourou, French Guiana by Arianespace.
	United States	27	27	0	0	Includes six Electron launches from Mahia
World		102	97	5	0

By rocket

5 10 15 20 25 30 Antares Ariane Atlas Delta Electron Falcon Kuaizhou Long March PSLV R-7 UR Vega Others

•   Antares 230+
•   Ariane 5
•   Atlas V
•   Delta IV
•   Delta IV Heavy
•   Electron
•   Falcon 9 new
•   Falcon 9 reused
•   Falcon Heavy
•   Kuaizhou 1A
•   Long March 2
•   Long March 3
•   Long March 4
•   Long March 5
•   Long March 6
•   Long March 11
•   PSLV
•   Soyuz-FG
•   Soyuz-2 (Russia)
•   Soyuz-ST (Europe)
•   Proton-M
•   Rokot
•   Vega
•   Others

By family

Family	Country	Launches	Successes	Failures	Partial failures	Remarks
Antares	United States	2	2	0	0
Ariane	France	4	4	0	0
Atlas	United States	2	2	0	0
Delta	United States	3	3	0	0
Electron	United States	6	6	0	0
Epsilon	Japan	1	1	0	0
Falcon	United States	13	13	0	0
GLSV Mk III	India	1	1	0	0
H-II	Japan	1	1	0	0
Hyperbola	China	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Jielong	China	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Kuaizhou	China	5	5	0	0
Long March	China	26	25	1	0
Pegasus	United States	1	1	0	0
OneSpace	China	1	0	1	0	Maiden flight
PSLV	India	5	5	0	0
R-7	Russia	18	18	0	0
Safir	Iran	1	0	1	0
Simorgh	Iran	1	0	1	0
Universal Rocket	Russia	7	7	0	0
Vega	Italy	2	1	1	0

By type

Rocket	Country	Family	Launches	Successes	Failures	Partial failures	Remarks
Antares 200	United States	Antares	2	2	0	0
Ariane 5	France	Ariane	4	4	0	0
Atlas V	United States	Atlas	2	2	0	0
Delta IV	United States	Delta	3	3	0	0
Electron	United States	Electron	6	6	0	0
Epsilon	Japan	Epsilon	1	1	0	0
Falcon 9	United States	Falcon	13	13	0	0
GLSV Mk III	India	GLSV Mk III	1	1	0	0
H-IIB	Japan	H-II	1	1	0	0
Hyperbola-1	China	Hyperbola	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Jielong 1	China	Jielong	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Kuaizhou-1	China	Kuaizhou	5	5	0	0
Long March 2	China	Long March	2	2	0	0
Long March 3	China	Long March	12	12	0	0
Long March 4	China	Long March	7	6	1	0
Long March 5	China	Long March	1	1	0	0
Long March 6	China	Long March	1	1	0	0
Long March 11	China	Long March	3	3	0	0
OS-M1	China	OneSpace	1	0	1	0	Maiden flight
Pegasus XL	United States	Pegasus	1	1	0	0
Proton	Russia	Universal Rocket	5	5	0	0
PSLV	India	PSLV	5	5	0	0
Safir	Iran	Safir	1	0	1	0	Final flight
Simorgh	Iran	Simorgh	1	0	1	0
Soyuz	Russia	R-7	3	3	0	0	Final flight
Soyuz-2	Russia	R-7	15	15	0	0
UR-100	Russia	Universal Rocket	2	2	0	0	Final flight
Vega	Italy	Vega	2	1	1	0

By configuration

Rocket	Country	Type	Launches	Successes	Failures	Partial failures	Remarks
Antares 230	United States	Antares 200	1	1	0	0	Final flight
Antares 230+	United States	Antares 200	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Ariane 5 ECA	France	Ariane 5	4	4	0	0
Atlas V 401	United States	Atlas V	0	0	0	0
Atlas V 411	United States	Atlas V	0	0	0	0
Atlas V 531	United States	Atlas V	0	0	0	0
Atlas V 551	United States	Atlas V	1	1	0	0
Atlas V N22	United States	Atlas V	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Delta IV Medium+ (4,2)	United States	Delta IV	1	1	0	0	Final flight
Delta IV Medium+ (5,4)	United States	Delta IV	1	1	0	0	Final flight
Delta IV Heavy	United States	Delta IV	1	1	0	0
Epsilon	Japan	Epsilon	1	1	0	0
Electron	United States	Electron	6	6	0	0
Falcon 9 Block 5	United States	Falcon 9	11	11	0	0
Falcon Heavy	United States	Falcon 9	2	2	0	0
GSLV Mk III	India	GSLV Mk III	1	1	0	0
H-IIB	Japan	H-IIB	1	1	0	0
Hyperbola-1	China	Hyperbola-1	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Jielong 1	China	Jielong 1	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Kuaizhou-1A	China	Kuaizhou-1	5	5	0	0
Long March 2C	China	Long March 2	1	1	0	0
Long March 2D	China	Long March 2	1	1	0	0
Long March 3B/E	China	Long March 3	8	8	0	0
Long March 3B/E / YZ-1	China	Long March 3	3	3	0	0
Long March 3C/E	China	Long March 3	1	1	0	0
Long March 4B	China	Long March 4	4	4	0	0
Long March 4C	China	Long March 4	3	2	1	0
Long March 5	China	Long March 5	1	1	0	0
Long March 6	China	Long March 6	1	1	0	0
Long March 11	China	Long March 11	3	3	0	0
OS-M1	China	OneSpace	1	0	1	0	Maiden flight
Pegasus XL	United States	Pegasus XL	1	1	0	0
Proton-M / Briz-M or DM-03	Russia	Proton	3	3	0	0
Proton-M / Blok DM-03	Russia	Proton	2	2	0	0
PSLV-CA	India	PSLV	1	1	0	0
PLSV-DL	India	PSLV	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
PLSV-QL	India	PSLV	2	2	0	0	Maiden flight
PLSV-XL	India	PSLV	1	1	0	0
Rokot / Briz-KM	Russia	UR-100	2	2	0	0	Final flight
Safir	Iran	Safir	1	0	1	0	Final flight
Simorgh	Iran	Simorgh	1	0	1	0
Soyuz-FG	Russia	Soyuz	3	3	0	0	Final flight
Soyuz-2.1a or ST-A	Russia	Soyuz-2	4	4	0	0
Soyuz-2.1a or ST-A / Fregat-M	Russia	Soyuz-2	2	2	0	0
Soyuz-2.1b or ST-B / Fregat-M	Russia	Soyuz-2	7	7	0	0
Soyuz-2-1v / Volga	Russia	Soyuz-2	2	2	0	0
Vega	Italy	Vega	2	1	1	0

By spaceport

8 16 24 32 40 China France India Iran Japan Kazakhstan New Zealand Russia United States

•   Jiuquan
•   Taiyuan
•   Wenchang
•   Xichang
•   Yellow Sea
•   Kourou
•   Satish Dhawan
•   Semnan
•   Tanegashima
•   Uchinoura
•   Baikonur
•   Mahia
•   Plesetsk
•   Vostochny
•   Cape Canaveral
•   Kennedy
•   MARS
•   Vandenberg

Site	Country	Launches	Successes	Failures	Partial failures	Remarks
Baikonur	Kazakhstan	13	13	0	0
Cape Canaveral	United States	13	13	0	0	Includes the 11 October Pegasus XL launch whose carrier aircraft took flight from Cape Canaveral
Jiuquan	China	9	8	1	0
Kennedy	United States	3	3	0	0
Kourou	France	9	8	1	0
Mahia	New Zealand	6	6	0	0
MARS	United States	2	2	0	0
Plesetsk	Russia	8	8	0	0
Satish Dhawan	India	6	6	0	0
Semnan	Iran	2	0	2	0	Additionally, one rocket exploded on the launch pad during a ground test.
Taiyuan	China	10	9	1	0
Tanegashima	Japan	1	1	0	0
Uchinoura	Japan	1	1	0	0
Vandenberg	United States	3	3	0	0
Vostochny	Russia	1	1	0	0
Wenchang	China	1	1	0	0
Xichang	China	13	13	0	0
Yellow Sea	China	1	1	0	0
Total		102	97	5	0

By orbit

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Low Earth Medium Earth / Molniya Geosynchronous / transfer High Earth Heliocentric

•   Low Earth
•   Low Earth (ISS)
•   Low Earth (SSO)
•   Medium Earth
•   Molniya
•   Geosychronous (transfer)
•   Inclined GSO
•   High Earth
•   Heliocentric

Orbital regime	Launches	Achieved	Not achieved	Accidentally achieved	Remarks
Transatmospheric	0	0	0	0
Low Earth / Sun-synchronous	66	61	5	0
Medium Earth	9	9	0	0
Geosynchronous / GTO	24	24	0	0	Includes two inclined GSO orbits (IGSO)
High Earth / Lunar transfer	2	2	0	0
Heliocentric / Planetary transfer	1	1	0	0
Total	102	97	5	0

Notes

External links

• Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
• Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
• Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.
• Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
• Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
• McDowell, Jonathan. "GCAT Orbital Launch Log".
• Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
• Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
• Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
• Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
• "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
• "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
• "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).
• "Rocket Launch Manifest". Next Spaceflight.

Generic references:

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Spaceflight portal

References

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494. T.S. Kelso [@TSKelso] (22 August 2019). "CelesTrak also has 3 more TLEs for debris from the Indian ASAT test (MICROSAT-R DEB). That brings the total, so far, to 121 pieces (including the original), of which only 65 have decayed —148 days after the event: https://t.co/yHuEC6Ac6l https://t.co/1S52MRjXtk" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 29 December 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2023 – via Twitter. https://x.com/TSKelso/status/1164424542728675331 ↩

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498. Space-Track.org (6 August 2019). "Satellite Situation Report". TLE. Retrieved 6 November 2019. https://www.space-track.org/#ssr ↩

499. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (1 August 2019). "Orbital Debris Quarterly News" (PDF). Retrieved 5 November 2019. https://orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov/quarterly-news/pdfs/odqnv23i3.pdf ↩

500. "AEROCUBE 10A (JIMSAT)". N2YO.com. 4 May 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.National Aeronautics and Space Administration (November 2019). "Orbital Debris Quarterly News" (PDF). Space News. Retrieved 4 February 2020. https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=44485 ↩

501. No fragments have entered the SSN catalog as 2/4/20 ↩

502. Due to difficulties in tracking objects in deep space elliptical orbits it is unknown how many fragments were generated ↩