2022 in science

<h2 id="events">Events</h2>

<h3>January</h3>
Main article: <a href="/facts/January%E2%80%93March_2022_in_science/lj3GEx0R">January–March 2022 in science § January</a>
<h3>February</h3>
Main article: <a href="/facts/January%E2%80%93March_2022_in_science/lj3GEx0R">January–March 2022 in science § February</a>
<h3>March</h3>
Main article: <a href="/facts/January%E2%80%93March_2022_in_science/lj3GEx0R">January–March 2022 in science § March</a>

<h3>April</h3>
<ul><li>1 April
<ul><li>Biochemists report finishing the complete sequence of the <a href="/facts/Human_genome/VTV85pbn">human genome</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1">1</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2">2</a></li>
<li>A study shows that, contrary to widespread belief, body sizes of mammal extinction survivors of the <a href="/facts/Cretaceous-Paleogene_extinction_event/HNyDuEcx">dinosaur-times extinction event</a> were the <a href="/facts/Evolutionary_radiation/DDc0R6GS">first to evolutionarily</a> increase, with <a href="/facts/Brain_size/K0xy5XT5">brain sizes</a> increasing later in the <a href="/facts/Eocene/EYgI8Uco">Eocene</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3">3</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4">4</a></li></ul></li>
<li>4 April
<ul><li>The <a href="/facts/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change/sh76du1u">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a> (IPCC) releases the third and final part of its <a href="/facts/IPCC_Sixth_Assessment_Report/Dc5drLUK">Sixth Assessment Report</a> on <a href="/facts/Climate_change/rEN4BDE7">climate change</a>, warning that <a href="/facts/Greenhouse_gas_emissions/Cu9nXPHE">greenhouse gas emissions</a> must peak before <a href="/facts/2025/zDNPTD1E">2025</a> at the latest and decline 43% by <a href="/facts/2030/MYuG4Hzd">2030</a>, in order to likely limit global warming to 1.5 °C (2.7 °F).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a></li>
<li>Researchers announce a new technique for accelerating the development of vaccines and other pharmaceutical products by up to a million times, using much smaller quantities based on <a href="/facts/DNA_nanotechnology/7hzv1IlN">DNA nanotechnology</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Alzheimer%27s_disease/w7Ad6tdg">Alzheimer's disease (AD) research</a> progress:A study reports 42 new genes linked to an increased risk of AD.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a> Researchers report a potential primary mechanism of sleep disturbance as an early-stage effect of neurodegenerative diseases.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a> Researchers identify several genes associated with <a href="/facts/Brain_development/hSjrUxCn">changes in brain structure over lifetime</a> and potential AD therapy-targets (5 Apr).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li>5 April
<ul><li><a href="/facts/COVID-19_pandemic/0xTsh7Ut">COVID-19 pandemic</a>: Preclinical data for a new vaccine developed at the <a href="/facts/Medical_University_of_Vienna/rUkXuK5D">Medical University of Vienna</a> indicates it is effective against all <a href="/facts/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2/zN65y7eG">SARS-CoV-2 variants</a> known to date, including <a href="/facts/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant/N6u1sGPt">Omicron</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a></li>
<li>A study presents a mechanism by which <a href="/facts/Dark_energy/6bWIYewA">the hypothesized potential dark-energy-explaining quintessence</a>, if true, would smoothly cause the <a href="/facts/Accelerating_expansion_of_the_universe/F7X1PAMq">accelerating expansion of the Universe</a> to inverse to contraction, possibly within the <a href="/facts/Cosmology/yM19zM7Y">cosmic</a> near-future (100 My) given current data. It concludes that <a href="/facts/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe/syHHyRqd">its end-time scenario theory</a> fits "naturally with <a href="/facts/Cyclic_model/Ro4BRnJI">cyclic cosmologies</a> [(each a theory of cycles of <a href="/facts/Big_Bounce/kGXNX90A">universe originations and ends</a>, rather than the theories of one <a href="/facts/Big_Bang/I5T1vTnv">Big Bang</a> beginning of the Universe/<a href="/facts/Multiverse/GUCDxvPg">multiverse</a>, to which authors were major contributors)] and recent conjectures about <a href="/facts/Quantum_gravity/t7whBMNE">quantum gravity</a>".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li>6 April
<ul><li><a href="/facts/U.S._Space_Command/uDfQjTQa">U.S. Space Command</a>, based on information collected from its <a href="/facts/Planetary_defense/VafHAlfG">planetary defense</a> sensors, confirms the detection of the first known <a href="/facts/Interstellar_object/qo0Rr0Q7">interstellar object</a>. The purported interstellar meteorite, technically known as <a href="/facts/CNEOS_2014-01-08/uL4G8VwS">CNEOS 2014-01-08</a>, impacted Earth in 2014, and was determined, based on its <a href="/facts/Hyperbolic_trajectory/4wEAXaez">hyperbolic trajectory</a> and estimated initial <a href="/facts/Velocity/Q3o1LVDe">high velocity</a>, to be from beyond the <a href="/facts/Solar_System/QIcLSazQ">Solar System</a>. The 2014 meteorite was detected three years earlier than the more recent and widely known interstellar objects, <a href="/facts/%CA%BBOumuamua/80k8yRzE">ʻOumuamua</a> in 2017 and <a href="/facts/2I/Borisov/by8TsjcE">2I/Borisov</a> in 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a> Further related studies were reported on 1 September 2023.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a></li>
<li>The first known <a href="/facts/Dinosaur/JRdMqBnq">dinosaur</a> <a href="/facts/Fossil/by7NzIA1">fossil</a> linked to the very day of the <a href="/facts/Chicxulub_impact/qVqCqm81">Chicxulub impact</a> is reported by paleontologists at the <a href="/facts/Tanis_(fossil_site)/QPCKehWj">Tanis</a> site in North Dakota.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a></li>
<li>One science journalist reflects on the global management of the <a href="/facts/COVID-19_pandemic/0xTsh7Ut">COVID-19 pandemic</a> in relation to science, investigating <a href="/facts/Research_question/xf0vK9aV">the question</a> "Why the <a href="/facts/WHO/YNN3bgug">WHO</a> took two years to say <a href="/facts/Transmission_of_COVID-19/vIYgt3qG">COVID is airborne</a>"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a> – a finding hundreds of scientists reaffirmed in an <a href="/facts/Open_letter/xX1W5GWm">open letter</a> in July 2020<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a> – with one indication that this may be one valid major concern to many expert scientists being several writings published by news outlets.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a></li>
<li>A study decodes electrical <a href="/facts/Biocommunication_(science)/tCvvKF0D">communication</a> <a href="/facts/Plant_to_plant_communication_via_mycorrhizal_networks/G1nEyy8V">between fungi</a> into word-like <a href="/facts/Semantics/1L4WwLAP">components</a> via spiking characteristics.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a></li>
<li>Researchers demonstrate semi-automated testing for <a href="/facts/Reproducibility/yh5pawMj">reproducibility</a> (<a href="/facts/Reproducibility_crisis/NkR07sxT">which is lacking especially in cancer research</a>) via extraction of statements about experimental results in, as of 2022 <a href="/facts/Semantic_Web/NFHo9dB7">non-semantic</a>, gene expression cancer research papers and subsequent testing with breast cancer cell lines via <a href="/facts/Laboratory_robotics/3LCzTt6d">robot scientist</a> "<a href="/facts/Robot_Scientist/6XPhvVnV">Eve</a>".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li>7 April
<ul><li>Astronomers report the discovery of <a href="/facts/HD1_(galaxy)/DYUplyTx">HD1</a>, considered to be the earliest and most <a href="/facts/List_of_the_most_distant_astronomical_objects/xutYjJn3">distant known galaxy</a> yet identified in the <a href="/facts/Observable_universe/CdTGMdsp">observable universe</a>, located only about 330 million years after the <a href="/facts/Big_Bang/I5T1vTnv">Big Bang</a> 13.8 billion years ago, a light-travel distance of 13.5 billion light-years from <a href="/facts/Earth/HLLmDfj0">Earth</a>, and, due to the <a href="/facts/Expansion_of_the_universe/f6Uvt79B">expansion of the universe</a>, a <a href="/facts/Comoving_distance/55cYbfbY">present proper distance</a> of 33.4 billion light-years.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a></li>
<li>Physicists from the <a href="/facts/Collider_Detector_at_Fermilab/HcqPvu9s">Collider Detector at Fermilab</a> determine the mass of the <a href="/facts/W_and_Z_bosons/gAncY5XV">W boson</a> with a precision of 0.01%. The result hints at a flaw in the <a href="/facts/Standard_Model/LhVGf9ow">Standard Model</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a></li>
<li>A trial of estimated financial energy cost of <a href="/facts/Refrigerator/TGb5ozLY">refrigerators</a> alongside <a href="/facts/European_Union_energy_label/eJvbFcUD">EU energy-efficiency class (EEEC) labels</a> online finds that the approach of <a href="/facts/Label/7bducQe4">labels</a> involves a trade-off between <a href="/facts/Homo_economicus/wsY8sa8D">financial considerations</a> and higher cost requirements in effort or time for the product-selection from the <a href="/facts/Overchoice/XLs2N5Yj">many</a> available options which are often unlabelled and don't have any EEEC-requirement for being bought, used or sold within the EU.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a></li></ul></li>
<li>8 April
<ul><li>Bioresearchers demonstrate an <a href="/facts/In_vitro/evp3hAX6">in vitro</a> method (MPTR) for <a href="/facts/Rejuvenation/XkPNfYkA">rejuvenation</a> (including the <a href="/facts/Transcriptome/h6CC0sR5">transcriptome</a> and <a href="/facts/Epigenome/hjW9Dwgb">epigenome</a>) <a href="/facts/Induced_pluripotent_stem_cells/bGItax29">reprogramming</a> in which <a href="/facts/Fibroblast/n08KsFll">fibroblast</a> <a href="/facts/Skin/4havlLzG">skin</a> cells temporarily lose their cell identity.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a></li>
<li>Researchers show <a href="/facts/Air_pollution/zmk9Dy7S">air pollution</a> in fast-growing tropical cities caused <a href="/facts/List_of_causes_of_death_by_rate/KuqKAzeB">~0.5 million earlier deaths</a> in 2018 with a substantial recent and <a href="/facts/Megacity/8GFoJVeL">projected</a> rise, proposing "regulatory action targeting emerging anthropogenic sources".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a></li></ul></li>
<li>11 April – A study confirms <a href="/facts/Antidepressant/N62ND3Fa">antidepressant</a> potential of <a href="/facts/Psilocybin_therapy/zjVFJmvb">psilocybin therapy</a> protocols (which use the active ingredient in <a href="/facts/Psilocybin_mushrooms/tJ29VHJY">psilocybin mushrooms</a>), providing <a href="/facts/FMRI/GIayRTAL">fMRI</a> data about a correlated likely major effect mechanism – <a href="/facts/Brain_connectivity_estimators/Q4C7e9vn">global increases in brain</a> <a href="/facts/Large-scale_brain_network/5TNp5zh5">network</a> <a href="/facts/Functional_integration_(neurobiology)/EAr6jfcY">integration</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a></li>
<li>12 April – <a href="/facts/Non-government_reactions_to_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine/l7Dc7oUT">Science</a> and the <a href="/facts/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine/TTeQCgSl">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>:An editorial in a scientific journal reports that relevant areas of <a href="/facts/Food_system/UoD0y4Ax">food system</a> research are patchy and lack independent assessments.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a> An editorial projects significant gender and age imbalance <a href="/facts/Population_decline/PyqymDSt">in the population in Ukraine</a> as a substantial problem if most refugees, as in other cases, do not return over time (4 Apr).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a> A <a href="/facts/Preprint/ryoUUpCg">preprint</a> reports impacts of the <a href="/facts/Energy_in_Ukraine/8sljBhDj">Ukrainian power grid synchronization with Continental Europe</a> (15 Apr).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50">50</a></li></ul>

<ul><li>14 April
<ul><li><a href="/facts/GNz7q/EYClBgwe">GNz7q</a>, a distant <a href="/facts/Starburst_galaxy/EV0wM4Rs">starburst galaxy</a>, is reported as being a "missing link" between <a href="/facts/Supermassive_black_holes/BcuTx8Q5">supermassive black holes</a> and the evolution of <a href="/facts/Quasars/HS96328l">quasars</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51">51</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52">52</a></li>
<li>A study describes the impact of climate change on the survival of <a href="/facts/Cacti/JTf3NFBj">cacti</a>. It finds that 60% of species will experience a reduction in favourable climate by 2050–2070, with <a href="/facts/Epiphytes/n0oUN0Yd">epiphytes</a> having the greatest exposure to increased warming.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53">53</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54">54</a></li>
<li>A <a href="/facts/Preprint/ryoUUpCg">preprint</a> demonstrates how <a href="/facts/Backdoor_(computing)/4Vry8CKE">backdoors</a> can be placed undetectably into classifying (e.g. posts as "spam" or well-visible "not spam") <a href="/facts/Machine_learning/e0w0XJTu">machine learning</a> models which are often developed and/or trained by third parties. Parties can change the classification of any input, including in cases with types of <a href="/facts/Algorithmic_transparency/0mcg39UW">data/software transparency</a>, possibly including <a href="/facts/White-box_testing/mVc9WRoa">white-box access</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55">55</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56">56</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57">57</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li>16 April – A <a href="/facts/Scientific_review/zJb444sS">review</a> suggests that global prevalence of <a href="/facts/Long_COVID/9YQdUEE2">long COVID</a> conditions after infection could be as high as 43%, with the most common symptoms being <a href="/facts/Chronic_fatigue_syndrome/UwTEusF5">fatigue</a> and memory problems.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58">58</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59">59</a></li>
<li>19 April – <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a> publishes its <a href="/facts/Planetary_Science_Decadal_Survey/d6Aax8y0">Planetary Science Decadal Survey</a> for 2023-2032. The future mission recommendations include a <a href="/facts/Uranus/x7YwT1ar">Uranus</a> orbiter (the first visit to the planet since <a href="/facts/Uranus/x7YwT1ar">1986</a>) and the <a href="/facts/Enceladus_Orbilander/uh2jkWRp">Enceladus Orbilander</a> (landing in the early 2050s).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60">60</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61">61</a></li>
<li>20 April
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Micronova/wcLMTTju">Micronovae</a>, a previously unknown class of thermonuclear explosions on the surface of <a href="/facts/White_dwarfs/gIYlTtrC">white dwarfs</a>, are described for the first time.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62">62</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63">63</a></li>
<li>A study shows that common single-use plastic products – such as <a href="/facts/Coffee_cup/31CYkvIw">paper coffee cups</a> that are lined with a thin plastic film inside – release trillions of <a href="/facts/Microplastic/HzH0eKP5">microplastics</a>-nanoparticles per liter <a href="/facts/Consumer_protection/FYPsrrcc">into water during normal use</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64">64</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65">65</a></li></ul></li>
<li>21 April – Researchers discover that humans are interrupting a 66-million-years-old feature of <a href="/facts/Ecosystems/kVE8mSmR">ecosystems</a>, the relationship between diet and body mass, by driving the <a href="/facts/Megafauna/8PukHC5A">largest vertebrate animals</a> towards <a href="/facts/Extinction/24p5NP2q">extinction</a>, which they suggest could have unpredictable consequences.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66">66</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67">67</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68">68</a></li>
<li>22 April
<ul><li>The <a href="/facts/Large_Hadron_Collider/XWJCFSqT">Large Hadron Collider</a> recommences full operations, three years after being shut down for upgrades.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69">69</a></li>
<li>Scientists suggest in a <a href="/facts/Scientific_paper/nJh0Bx22">study</a> that <a href="/facts/Satellite_internet_constellation/LPGTDCFy">space governance of satellites</a>/<a href="/facts/Space_debris/X7YSKlXl">space debris</a> should regulate the current free <a href="/facts/Externality/hGgw7gtT">externalization of true costs and risks</a>, with <a href="/facts/Orbital_spaceflight/xdzKmkvt">orbital space</a> around the Earth being an "additional ecosystem" which should be subject to <a href="/facts/Space_law/l4Cxunqm">regulations</a> as <a href="/facts/Environmental_regulations/wgFnMNQ6">e.g. oceans on Earth</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70">70</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71">71</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Cancer_research/w7HvoRug">Cancer research</a> progress:The largest study of whole cancer genomes reports 58 new <a href="/facts/Mutational_signatures/wQrXnXxK">mutational signatures</a> and shows that for each organ "cancers have a limited number of common signatures and a long tail of rare signatures".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72">72</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73">73</a> A study reports presence of certain bacteria in the prostate and urine for aggressive forms of <a href="/facts/Prostate_cancer/Mx7XuDhm">prostate cancer</a>, with <a href="/facts/Cancer_biomarker/UdhBx5Ns">biomarker</a>- and therapeutic potentials being unclear (18 Apr).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74">74</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75">75</a></li></ul></li>
<li>25 April
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Novel_food/rMJqPrh5">Novel foods</a> such as under-development<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76">76</a> <a href="/facts/Cultured_meat/Yz3TVtEB">cultured meat</a>, existing <a href="/facts/Microbial_food_cultures/Hr589HWt">microbial foods</a> and <a href="/facts/Insects_as_food/CWNVUyxt">ground-up insects</a> are shown to have the potential to <a href="/facts/Sustainable_food/KCu4BxI9">reduce environmental impacts</a> by over 80% in a study.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77">77</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78">78</a></li>
<li>A <a href="/facts/Scientific_review/zJb444sS">review</a> about meat and <a href="/facts/Environmental_impact_of_meat_production/quFfEtn4">sustainability of food systems</a>, animal welfare, and healthy nutrition concludes that its consumption has to be reduced substantially for <a href="/facts/Sustainable_consumption/AtJ6vlBL">sustainable consumption</a> and names broad potential measures such as "restrictions or fiscal mechanisms".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79">79</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80">80</a></li>
<li>A new type of <a href="/facts/Cell_death/UYCzvewT">cell death</a> 'erebosis' is reported<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81">81</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82">82</a> after copper-dependent cell death was first reported the previous month.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83">83</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84">84</a></li></ul></li>
<li>26 April
<ul><li>Scientists report the detection of <a href="/facts/Purine/9ogLp0Wc">purine</a> and <a href="/facts/Pyrimidine/uFRSB8Cq">pyrimidine</a> <a href="/facts/Nucleobase/zj1Vl9Qh">nucleobases</a> in several <a href="/facts/Meteorite/NsmHlBlX">meteorites</a>, including <a href="/facts/Guanine/hoTSpz0x">guanine</a>, <a href="/facts/Adenine/PSeDFBnl">adenine</a>, <a href="/facts/Cytosine/JW20j33u">cytosine</a>, <a href="/facts/Uracil/KUAcYYpQ">uracil</a> and <a href="/facts/Thymine/A5C8MnLN">thymine</a>, and claim that such meteoritic nucleobases could serve as "building blocks of <a href="/facts/DNA/nB89Iauz">DNA</a> and <a href="/facts/RNA/HxPeNfNj">RNA</a> on the <a href="/facts/Early_Earth/e0nCkeqE">early Earth</a>".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85">85</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Global_Carbon_Project/Gjhm3fdF">The Global Carbon Budget 2021</a> concludes that fossil CO2 emissions rebounded by around +4.8% relative to 2020 emissions – returning to 2019 levels, identifies three major issues for improving reliable accuracy of monitoring, shows that China and India surpassed 2019 levels (by 5.7% and 3.2%) while the EU and the US stayed beneath 2019 levels (by 5.3% and 4.5%), quantifies various changes and trends, for the first time provides models' estimates that are linked to the official country <a href="/facts/Greenhouse_gas_inventory/ktDlEvMt">GHG inventories</a> reporting, and shows that the remaining <a href="/facts/Carbon_budget/TuQURW15">carbon budget</a> at 1. Jan 2022 for a 50% likelihood to <a href="/facts/Climate_change_mitigation/GgkoeWMk">limit global warming</a> to 1.5 °C is 120 GtC (420 GtCO2) – or 11 years of 2021 emissions levels.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86">86</a></li>
<li>Scientists propose and preliminarily evaluate a likely transgressed <a href="/facts/Planetary_boundary/th3MzcsM">planetary boundary</a> for green water in the <a href="/facts/Water_cycle/wALHdKjJ">water cycle</a>, <a href="/facts/Ecohydrology/5hbI3C0x">measured by root-zone soil moisture deviation from Holocene variability</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87">87</a>[additional citation(s) needed] A study published one day earlier integrates "green water" along with "blue water" into an index to measure and project <a href="/facts/Water_scarcity/YN3qIwmv">water scarcity</a> in <a href="/facts/Effects_of_climate_change_on_agriculture/ru4tQClx">agriculture</a> <a href="/facts/Representative_Concentration_Pathway/zoNyvobf">for climate change scenarios</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88">88</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89">89</a></li></ul></li>
<li>27 April
<ul><li>A lineage of <a href="/facts/H3N8/h9W2A1Nj">H3N8</a> <a href="/facts/Bird_flu/IhcLBsFU">bird flu</a> is found to infect humans for the first time, with a case reported in the <a href="/facts/Henan/jCKtYLXv">Henan</a> province of China.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90">90</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91">91</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92">92</a> Months earlier, <a href="/facts/2020%E2%80%932022_H5N8_outbreak/SIceQQIf">H5 strain</a> bird flu viruses (HPAIv) have been detected in Canada and the US.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93">93</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94">94</a></li>
<li>A study extends <a href="/facts/IUCN_Red_List/8gemqCLu">global assessments of shares of species threatened by extinction</a> with reptiles, which often play functional roles in their respective <a href="/facts/Ecosystem/kVE8mSmR">ecosystems</a>, indicating at least 21% are threatened <a href="/facts/Extinction/24p5NP2q">by extinction</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95">95</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:96" href="#fn:96">96</a> One day later, scientists quantify global and local <a href="/facts/Sixth_mass_extinction/C1LzDDy7">mass</a> <a href="/facts/Effects_of_climate_change_on_oceans/n6mDQJQq">extinction risks of marine life from climate change</a> and <a href="/facts/Conservation_biology/S2693mIF">conservation</a> potentials.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:97" href="#fn:97">97</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:98" href="#fn:98">98</a></li>
<li>Researchers report routes for <a href="/facts/Recycling/x9X7GAzz">recycling</a> 200 industrial <a href="/facts/Chemical_waste/rWDgy6yU">waste chemicals</a> into important drugs and agrochemicals using a software for <a href="/facts/Drug_design/XAU0Ke3d">computer-aided</a> chemical synthesis design, helping enable "circular chemistry" as a potential area of a <a href="/facts/Circular_economy/13UFemv7">circular economy</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:99" href="#fn:99">99</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:100" href="#fn:100">100</a></li></ul></li>
<li>28 April
<ul><li>A comprehensive <a href="/facts/Scientific_review/zJb444sS">review</a> reaffirms likely beneficial health effects with links to health/<a href="/facts/Life_extension/uQj1vQdg">life extension</a> of cycles of <a href="/facts/Caloric_restriction/dwzJ1KTp">caloric restriction</a> and <a href="/facts/Intermittent_fasting/aavtmGp1">intermittent fasting</a> as well as reducing <a href="/facts/Meat/DUHTTM1d">meat consumption</a> in humans. It identifies issues with contemporary <a href="/facts/Nutrition_science/zyX8zDBG">nutrition research</a> approaches, proposing a multi-pillar approach, and summarizes findings towards constructing – multi-system-considering and at least age-personalized dynamic – refined <a href="/facts/Healthy_diet/sjJBXc4l">longevity diets</a> and proposes inclusion of such in standard <a href="/facts/Preventive_healthcare/pWGlacXu">preventive healthcare</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:101" href="#fn:101">101</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:102" href="#fn:102">102</a></li>
<li>A company reports results of a <a href="/facts/Phase_3_clinical_trial/o8hEodVu">phase 3 clinical trial</a>, indicating that <a href="/facts/Tirzepatide/7LQNoMgR">tirzepatide</a> could be used for substantial <a href="/facts/Anti-obesity_medication/UlvlPMdo">weight loss</a> – possibly larger than the, as of 2022 also <a href="/facts/Medication_costs/asuD2SAd">expensive</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:103" href="#fn:103">103</a> <a href="/facts/Semaglutide/g565XV32">semaglutide</a> approved by the <a href="/facts/Food_and_Drug_Administration/rCEnh9WB">FDA</a> in 2021 – in <a href="/facts/Obesity/RBF9y5Vl">obese people</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:104" href="#fn:104">104</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:105" href="#fn:105">105</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:106" href="#fn:106">106</a>[additional citation(s) needed]</li>
<li>Researchers publish projections for interspecies viral sharing, that can lead to <a href="/facts/Spillover_infection/0wsoX5hN">novel viral spillovers</a>, due to ongoing <a href="/facts/Effects_of_climate_change/M5EvHf14">climate change-caused</a> range-shifts of mammals (mostly bats) for use in efforts of <a href="/facts/Pandemic_prevention/wvRq6uGK">pandemic prevention</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:107" href="#fn:107">107</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:108" href="#fn:108">108</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<h3>May</h3>

<ul><li>1 May
<ul><li>A <a href="/facts/Preprint/ryoUUpCg">preprint</a> indicates <a href="/facts/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant/N6u1sGPt">Omicron subvariants BA.4 and BA.5</a> can cause a large share of <a href="/facts/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2/DxF8rDc1">reinfections</a>, beyond the increase of reinfections caused by the Omicron lineage, even for people who <a href="/facts/Immunological_memory/PVTllYEY">were infected</a> by Omicron BA.1 due to increases in <a href="/facts/Immune_evasion/md5FVlLU">immune evasion</a>, especially for the <a href="/facts/COVID19_vaccine/obToxWTT">unvaccinated</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:109" href="#fn:109">109</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:110" href="#fn:110">110</a> On 18 May, a study shows that <a href="/facts/Immunity_(medical)/vLPpzSNL">immunity from an Omicron infection</a> for unvaccinated and previously uninfected is weak "against non-Omicron <a href="/facts/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2/zN65y7eG">variants</a>".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:111" href="#fn:111">111</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:112" href="#fn:112">112</a></li>
<li>A <a href="/facts/Preprint/ryoUUpCg">preprint</a> suggests that SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in or transmitted through the air are an unrecognized mechanism by which, transferred, <a href="/facts/Passive_immunity/9uQCBcXG">passive immune protection</a> occurs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:113" href="#fn:113">113</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:114" href="#fn:114">114</a> However, if not sustained, protection from <a href="/facts/Herd_immunity/8y11dyAI">passive herd immunity is thought to wane over the course of weeks to months</a>.</li></ul></li>
<li>4 May
<ul><li>NASA reports the <a href="/facts/Sonification/PzoVRrCq">sonification</a> (converting astronomical data associated with <a href="/facts/Longitudinal_wave/KoysWuIN">pressure waves</a> into <a href="/facts/Sound/DlKXlPuF">sound</a>) of the <a href="/facts/Black_hole/1r2lmkcF">black hole</a> at the center of the <a href="/facts/Perseus_Cluster/t3scp0Sg">Perseus galaxy cluster</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:115" href="#fn:115">115</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:116" href="#fn:116">116</a></li>
<li>A single <a href="/facts/Master_gene/kP1yVyDY">master gene</a> that programs <a href="/facts/Ear_hair/WTw3SuAw">ear hair</a> cells into either outer or inner ones is discovered, overcoming a major hurdle that had prevented the development of these cells to reverse <a href="/facts/Hearing_loss/7C78RpMP">hearing loss</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:117" href="#fn:117">117</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:118" href="#fn:118">118</a></li>
<li>A study complements <a href="/facts/Life-cycle_assessment/vGKCvfYf">life-cycle assessment</a> studies, showing substantial <a href="/facts/Deforestation/L1TNhN9p">deforestation</a> reduction (56%) and <a href="/facts/Climate_change_mitigation/GgkoeWMk">climate change mitigation</a> if only 20% of per-capita beef <a href="/facts/Environmental_impact_of_meat_production/quFfEtn4">was replaced</a> by <a href="/facts/Microbial_food_cultures/Hr589HWt">microbial protein</a> by 2050.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:119" href="#fn:119">119</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:120" href="#fn:120">120</a></li>
<li>A study suggests, using an epidemiological model, that by reducing the transferred <a href="/facts/Viral_load/LlVK5jfY">viral load</a>, <a href="/facts/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic/u7qwlDwJ">face masks against COVID19</a> may be beneficial for <a href="/facts/Variolation/2uqzNTya">variolation</a> whereby "smaller infectious doses tend to yield milder infections, yet ultimately <a href="/facts/Passive_immunity/9uQCBcXG">induce similar levels of immunity</a>".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:121" href="#fn:121">121</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:122" href="#fn:122">122</a></li></ul></li>
<li>5 May
<ul><li>The monthly average <a href="/facts/Carbon_dioxide_in_Earth%27s_atmosphere/h6A4HSzy">carbon dioxide (CO2) level in Earth's atmosphere</a> exceeds 420 <a href="/facts/Parts-per_notation/PozRuoLM">parts per million</a> (ppm) for the first time in <a href="/facts/Keeling_Curve/6MueKVbs">recorded history</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:123" href="#fn:123">123</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:124" href="#fn:124">124</a></li>
<li>A new approach to reverse of <a href="/facts/Neuropathic_pain/PAGm7Vhd">neuropathic pain</a> is demonstrated in animals – a <a href="/facts/Gene_therapy/CaxRLfKM">gene therapy</a> for local <a href="/facts/Transgene/8DvIYSGt">transgenes</a> encoding for (releasing) <a href="/facts/GABA/vRTeQQUG">GABA</a> which is effective for months at a time.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:125" href="#fn:125">125</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:126" href="#fn:126">126</a></li>
<li>A study demonstrates that a 30% <a href="/facts/Caloric_restriction/dwzJ1KTp">caloric restriction</a> <a href="/facts/Life_extension/uQj1vQdg">extended life spans</a> of male <a href="/facts/C57BL/6J/XTu9PF0o">C57BL/6J</a> mice by 10% but when combined with daily <a href="/facts/Intermittent_fasting/aavtmGp1">intermittent fasting</a> and eating during the most active time of the day it extended life span by 35%.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:127" href="#fn:127">127</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:128" href="#fn:128">128</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li>6 May
<ul><li>Scientists report the discovery of 830‑million-year-old <a href="/facts/Microorganism/pysJYcE2">microorganisms</a> in fluid inclusions within <a href="/facts/Halite/9xEEKKT8">halite</a> that may, <a href="/facts/List_of_longest-living_organisms/DQatWWtE">potentially, still be alive</a>. According to the researchers, "This study has implications for the search for life in both terrestrial and extraterrestrial chemical sedimentary rocks."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:129" href="#fn:129">129</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:130" href="#fn:130">130</a></li>
<li>Low <a href="/facts/Butyrylcholinesterase/KvPtl725">butyrylcholinesterase</a> specific activity is identified as a potential <a href="/facts/Biomarker_(medicine)/uVSh5z78">biomarker</a> for infants at risk for <a href="/facts/Sudden_infant_death_syndrome/2Fc9wd43">sudden infant death syndrome</a> in a small <a href="/facts/Crowdfunding/u9gwrlYI">crowd-funded</a> study.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:131" href="#fn:131">131</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:132" href="#fn:132">132</a></li></ul></li>
<li>8 May – The UK's <a href="/facts/Met_Office/V0reszST">Met Office</a> warns, with <a href="/facts/World_Meteorological_Organization/NWrDcKbl">WMO</a> affirmation,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:133" href="#fn:133">133</a> that the probability of <a href="/facts/Global_temperature_record/smW4Ie7g">global average temperatures</a> reaching <a href="/facts/Special_Report_on_Global_Warming_of_1.5_%C2%B0C/T2Hg51RC">1.5 °C</a> above pre-industrial levels over the next five years is now almost 50:50 (48%). It also predicts a more than 90% chance that a new record high will occur in at least one year from 2022 to 2026.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:134" href="#fn:134">134</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:135" href="#fn:135">135</a></li>
<li>9 May
<ul><li>A study reports that declining numbers of the largest fish on Earth, the endangered <a href="/facts/Whale_shark/JNKjpvJf">whale shark</a>, may be linked to collisions <a href="/facts/Environmental_impact_of_shipping/RSMxztxe">with large vessels</a> in the global transport fleet.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:136" href="#fn:136">136</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:137" href="#fn:137">137</a></li>
<li>News outlets report about the first global, interactive AI- and <a href="/facts/Earth_observation_satellite/WK2zGRSV">satellite monitoring</a>-based, map and analysis of <a href="/facts/Plastic_waste/oLNNHQrG">plastic waste</a> sites to help <a href="/facts/Waste_management/EKXuEqQU">prevention</a> of <a href="/facts/Plastic_pollution/oLNNHQrG">plastic pollution</a>, especially <a href="/facts/Ocean_pollution/LtYCfsJt">ocean pollution</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:138" href="#fn:138">138</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:139" href="#fn:139">139</a></li></ul></li>
<li>10 May – A sixth <a href="/facts/Coral_bleaching/LVNHFp9A">mass bleaching event</a> is recorded at the <a href="/facts/Great_Barrier_Reef/3DkV4aad">Great Barrier Reef</a>, with 91% of corals affected.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:140" href="#fn:140">140</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:141" href="#fn:141">141</a></li></ul>

<ul><li>11 May
<ul><li>A logic gate for computation at <a href="/facts/Femtosecond/vaVXTVyR">femtosecond</a> timescales is demonstrated.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:142" href="#fn:142">142</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:143" href="#fn:143">143</a></li>
<li>A study shows that infusing the nourishing <a href="/facts/Cerebrospinal_fluid/tcWG7hhv">cerebrospinal fluid</a> from around brain cells of young mice into <a href="/facts/Brain_aging/7hFvvqf0">aged brains</a> rejuvenates aspects of the brain, identifying <a href="/facts/FGF17/dlhlh7sy">FGF17</a> as a key target for potential therapeutics such as <a href="/facts/Life_extension/uQj1vQdg">of anti-aging</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:144" href="#fn:144">144</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:145" href="#fn:145">145</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:146" href="#fn:146">146</a></li>
<li>Scientists close a missing link in the potential <a href="/facts/Abiogenesis/BvAmLPQP">origin of life</a> from a <a href="/facts/RNA_world/o9qmTdd1">RNA world</a> – synergistic formation of <a href="/facts/Peptide/C4ltc7UG">peptides</a> and ever-longer <a href="/facts/RNA/HxPeNfNj">RNAs</a> or peptide-decorated RNA, leading to a <a href="/facts/Protein/Jxmagu3E">protein</a> world.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:147" href="#fn:147">147</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:148" href="#fn:148">148</a></li>
<li>A study suggests that in <a href="/facts/Child_development/vKI3puIy">children</a> at age 8–12 during two years, time <a href="/facts/Digital_media_use_and_mental_health/uxtBsGSI">gaming or watching digital videos can be positively correlated</a> with <a href="/facts/Cognitive_development/EfY2fWLR">measures intelligence</a>, albeit correlations with overall <a href="/facts/Screen_time/8alfWHBP">screen time</a> (including social media, socializing and TV) were not investigated and 'time gaming' did not differentiate between categories of video games (e.g. shares of games' platform and <a href="/facts/List_of_video_game_genres/Bz38cuNb">genre</a>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:149" href="#fn:149">149</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:150" href="#fn:150">150</a></li></ul></li>
<li>12 May
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Sagittarius_A*/5TWIRfgm">Sagittarius A*</a>, the <a href="/facts/Supermassive_black_hole/BcuTx8Q5">supermassive black hole</a> at the center of the <a href="/facts/Milky_Way/ulF6lccN">Milky Way galaxy</a>, is imaged for the first time by the <a href="/facts/Event_Horizon_Telescope/msJwLooR">Event Horizon Telescope</a> team.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:151" href="#fn:151">151</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:152" href="#fn:152">152</a></li>
<li>Researchers report that <a href="/facts/Lunar_soil/1eXW6nT7">lunar soil</a> has been used to <a href="/facts/Plants_in_space/qEcSAVMA">grow plants</a> for the first time.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:153" href="#fn:153">153</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:154" href="#fn:154">154</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:155" href="#fn:155">155</a></li>
<li>Researchers identify the 425 biggest fossil fuel extraction projects globally, of which 40% as of 2020 are new projects that haven't yet started extraction. They conclude that "defusing" these "carbon bombs" – worked on by only "few actors" to date – would be necessary for <a href="/facts/Climate_change_mitigation/GgkoeWMk">climate change mitigation</a> of global climate goals.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:156" href="#fn:156">156</a> On 17 May, a separate study finds that "staying within a 1.5 °C <a href="/facts/Carbon_budget/TuQURW15">carbon budget</a> (50% probability) implies leaving almost 40% of 'developed reserves' of <a href="/facts/Fossil_fuels/BPgxAqB7">fossil fuels</a> unextracted".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:157" href="#fn:157">157</a> On 26 May, a study calculates climate policies-induced future lost financial profits from global <a href="/facts/Stranded_asset/qvgBlRHa">stranded</a> <a href="/facts/Fossil_fuel_divestment/1uQBUx8k">fossil-fuel</a> <a href="/facts/Asset/o7TARXhB">assets</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:158" href="#fn:158">158</a></li></ul></li>
<li>17 May
<ul><li>Isotopically pure <a href="/facts/Silicon-28/8NzaY3wR">silicon-28</a> <a href="/facts/Nanowire/Ege0K9Ek">nanowires</a> are shown to conduct heat 150% better than regular silicon, with potential for improved cooling of computer chips.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:159" href="#fn:159">159</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:160" href="#fn:160">160</a></li>
<li>A review concludes that, like in 2015, <a href="/facts/Pollution/JRagxumQ">pollution</a> (3⁄4 from <a href="/facts/Air_pollution/zmk9Dy7S">air pollution</a>) was responsible for <a href="/facts/List_of_causes_of_death_by_rate/KuqKAzeB">9 million premature deaths</a> in 2019 (one in six deaths). It concludes that little real <a href="/facts/Progress/xerueoQV">progress</a> against pollution can be identified and outlines needs for attention and action such as a "formal <a href="/facts/Applied_science/13h5uYCH">science</a>–<a href="/facts/Policy/0DtXG95q">policy</a> interface".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:161" href="#fn:161">161</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:162" href="#fn:162">162</a></li>
<li>A <a href="/facts/Clinical_trial/q8LMr832">trial</a> shows that <a href="/facts/Urolithin_A/AATwvphE">Urolithin A</a> can improve muscle strength, <a href="/facts/Performance-enhancing_substance/NydFWSGJ">exercise performance</a>, and <a href="/facts/Biomarker_(medicine)/uVSh5z78">biomarkers</a> of <a href="/facts/Mitochondria/ErHqrdJ1">mitochondrial</a> health.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:163" href="#fn:163">163</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:164" href="#fn:164">164</a></li></ul></li>
<li>18 May
<ul><li>NASA reports that the <a href="/facts/Voyager_1/39jCxR9I">Voyager 1</a> spacecraft, the farthest human-made object, is sending data that does not reflect what is happening on board with the antenna apparently remaining in its prescribed orientation to Earth.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:165" href="#fn:165">165</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:166" href="#fn:166">166</a> On 17 June, it was reported that NASA is preparing to power down the two Voyager spacecraft in the hope of using the remaining power to extend their operation to about 2030.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:167" href="#fn:167">167</a></li>
<li>A study shows how a <a href="/facts/Multiverse/GUCDxvPg">Twin-world models</a> cosmological model – already extensively studied to find out why gravity appears much weaker than other known forces – could explain the <a href="/facts/Hubble%27s_law/FJYfELCP">Hubble constant (H0) tension</a> via interactions between the two worlds. The "mirror world" would contain copies of all existing fundamental particles.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:168" href="#fn:168">168</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:169" href="#fn:169">169</a> On 2 May, another twin/pair-world or "bi-worlds" <a href="/facts/Cosmology/yM19zM7Y">cosmology</a> is shown to theoretically be able to solve the <a href="/facts/Cosmological_constant_problem/odjlvwLL">cosmological constant (Λ) problem</a>, closely related to <a href="/facts/Dark_energy/6bWIYewA">dark energy</a>: two interacting worlds with a large Λ each resulting in a small shared effective Λ.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:170" href="#fn:170">170</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:171" href="#fn:171">171</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:172" href="#fn:172">172</a> Previous similar models e.g. attempt to explain the baryon asymmetry – why there was more matter than antimatter at the beginning – <a href="/facts/Baryon_asymmetry/kfUEYG4F">with a mirror anti-universe</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:173" href="#fn:173">173</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:174" href="#fn:174">174</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:175" href="#fn:175">175</a></li></ul></li>
<li>19 May
<ul><li>Scientists report that <a href="/facts/RNA/HxPeNfNj">RNA</a> was found to be formed spontaneously on prebiotic <a href="/facts/Volcanic_glass/MFmUlyad">basalt lava glass</a> which is presumed to have been abundantly available on the <a href="/facts/Early_Earth/e0nCkeqE">early Earth</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:176" href="#fn:176">176</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:177" href="#fn:177">177</a></li>
<li>The <a href="/facts/Southern_yellow-billed_hornbill/HwIH3WSw">yellow-billed hornbill</a> of <a href="/facts/Southern_Africa/Ak6C1vgf">southern Africa</a>, famous for its role in Disney's <a href="/facts/The_Lion_King/VCwjuv59">The Lion King</a>, is reported to be at risk of extinction due to rising temperatures in the region.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:178" href="#fn:178">178</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:179" href="#fn:179">179</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Boeing/tF5sMe9F">Boeing</a> starts the one-week <a href="/facts/Boeing_Orbital_Flight_Test_2/fWyELqrx">second uncrewed test flight</a> of its <a href="/facts/Boeing_Starliner/VHmM9Yp7">Starliner</a> space capsule in advance of its <a href="/facts/Boeing_Crewed_Flight_Test/rLpP4oLh">first crewed test flight</a> later in 2022.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:180" href="#fn:180">180</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:181" href="#fn:181">181</a></li>
<li>A study estimates losses of 61 metals to help the development of <a href="/facts/Circular_economy/13UFemv7">circular economy</a> strategies, showing that usespans of, often scarce, <a href="/facts/Technology-critical_element/Dh8IF7Lt">tech-critical metals</a> are short.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:182" href="#fn:182">182</a></li></ul></li>
<li>20 May – Global warming is projected to substantially <a href="/facts/Effects_of_climate_change_on_human_health/11Xmvu7N">erode sleep</a> worldwide.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:183" href="#fn:183">183</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:184" href="#fn:184">184</a></li></ul>

<ul><li>21 May
<ul><li>The <a href="/facts/World_Health_organization/YNN3bgug">WHO</a> informs about the international <a href="/facts/2022_monkeypox_outbreak/sgfXKw0T">2022 monkeypox outbreak</a> in non-endemic countries<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:185" href="#fn:185">185</a> – an unprecedented number of cases detected outside of Africa<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:186" href="#fn:186">186</a> after the first of these cases was detected on 6 May.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:187" href="#fn:187">187</a> On 24 May, the WHO states that the outbreak can be contained.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:188" href="#fn:188">188</a> The main method used for the <a href="/facts/Pandemic_prevention/wvRq6uGK">early containment</a> is '<a href="/facts/Ring_vaccination/edm3sUKQ">ring vaccination</a>' – vaccinating close contacts of positive cases via existing vaccines.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:189" href="#fn:189">189</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:190" href="#fn:190">190</a></li></ul></li>
<li>23 May
<ul><li>Researchers report that <a href="/facts/CRISPR-Cas9/gDhwlw7I">CRISPR-Cas9</a> gene editing has <a href="/facts/Biofortification/lGc36WSF">been used</a> to <a href="/facts/Food_fortification/Yr96v3Jj">boost</a> <a href="/facts/Vitamin_D/No0zQB2W">vitamin D</a> in <a href="/facts/Tomatoes/3d5Xsqw7">tomatoes</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:191" href="#fn:191">191</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:192" href="#fn:192">192</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:193" href="#fn:193">193</a></li>
<li>A study shows why decarbonization must be accompanied by strategies to reduce the levels of <a href="/facts/Climate_and_Clean_Air_Coalition_to_Reduce_Short-Lived_Climate_Pollutants/R8PwdvcQ">short-lived climate pollutants</a> with near-term effects <a href="/facts/Climate_change_mitigation/GgkoeWMk">for climate goals</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:194" href="#fn:194">194</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:195" href="#fn:195">195</a></li></ul></li>
<li>24 May
<ul><li>Scientists report the first <a href="/facts/3D_bioprinting/89jSM0SR">3D-printed</a> <a href="/facts/Cellular_agriculture/MXHW6lUG">lab-grown</a> wood. It is unclear if it could ever be used on a commercial scale (e.g. with sufficient production efficiency and quality).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:196" href="#fn:196">196</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:197" href="#fn:197">197</a></li>
<li>A <a href="/facts/CDC/EAsbo0ws">CDC</a> study based on <a href="/facts/Electronic_health_record/0my0rktq">electronic health records</a> shows that "one in five COVID-19 survivors aged 18–64 years and one in four survivors aged ≥65 years experienced at least one incident condition that might be attributable to previous COVID-19" or long COVID.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:198" href="#fn:198">198</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:199" href="#fn:199">199</a> On 18 May, an analysis of private healthcare claims shows that of 78,252 patients diagnosed with '<a href="/facts/Long_COVID/9YQdUEE2">long COVID</a>', 75.8% had not been hospitalized for COVID-19.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:200" href="#fn:200">200</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:201" href="#fn:201">201</a></li></ul></li>
<li>25 May – The world's <a href="/facts/Microbotics/1o9eg66U">smallest remote-controlled walking robot</a>, measuring just half a millimetre wide, is demonstrated. Potential applications include the clearing of blocked <a href="/facts/Arteries/Y1Yj0jat">arteries</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:202" href="#fn:202">202</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:203" href="#fn:203">203</a></li>
<li>26 May – A <a href="/facts/Climate_change/rEN4BDE7">climate change</a> study reveals that storms in the <a href="/facts/Southern_Hemisphere/QfJ4z9L5">Southern Hemisphere</a> have already <a href="/facts/Effects_of_climate_change/M5EvHf14">reached intensity levels</a> previously predicted to occur only in the year <a href="/facts/2080/MYuG4Hzd">2080</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:204" href="#fn:204">204</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:205" href="#fn:205">205</a></li></ul>

<ul><li>27 May
<ul><li>A new compact <a href="/facts/CRISPR_gene_editing/nhPsllUR">CRISPR gene editing tool</a> better suited for therapeutic (temporary) <a href="/facts/RNA_editing/c2zGKWKo">RNA editing</a> than Cas13 is reported, Cas7-11,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:206" href="#fn:206">206</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:207" href="#fn:207">207</a> – of which an early version was used for <a href="/facts/In_vitro/evp3hAX6">in vitro</a> editing in 2021.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:208" href="#fn:208">208</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Non-government_reactions_to_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine/l7Dc7oUT">Science</a> and the <a href="/facts/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine/TTeQCgSl">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>:According to a news report academics in Russia are compiling or circulating a list of researchers who have supported Russia's invasion to prevent them from being elected to the <a href="/facts/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences/RuUqhtFb">Russian Academy of Sciences</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:209" href="#fn:209">209</a> An editorial published in a journal notes that <a href="/facts/Remote_surgery/TC600gst">remote surgery</a> and <a href="/facts/Telehealth/zVSkAFrz">types of videoconferencing</a> for sharing expertise (e.g. <a href="/facts/Ad_hoc/IYxx5Ha8">ad hoc</a> assistance) have been and could be used to support doctors in Ukraine (3 May).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:210" href="#fn:210">210</a> A forum contribution analyzes Russian users' reactions to the <a href="/facts/Bucha_massacre/AGUdfHPh">Bucha massacre</a> on social media – on nationalist <a href="/facts/Telegram_(software)/TqaAlHwN">Telegram</a> channels (9 May).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:211" href="#fn:211">211</a> The <a href="/facts/FAO/13WV8JJK">FAO</a> estimates that "at least 20 percent of Ukraine's winter crops" "<a href="/facts/2022_food_crises/90ImsucB">may not be harvested or planted</a>" (13 May).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:212" href="#fn:212">212</a> A <a href="/facts/Preprint/ryoUUpCg">preprint</a> estimates potential impacts of the EU <a href="/facts/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War/d0u8NYcB">embargoing fossil fuels from Russia</a>, suggesting implementing such via a partial embargo with <a href="/facts/Tariff/NCluKCm2">tariffs</a> may be beneficial (25 May).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:213" href="#fn:213">213</a></li></ul></li>
<li>28 May – A new <a href="/facts/Direct_air_capture/C2WwQ4Ge">direct air capture</a> system using <a href="/facts/Isophorone_diamine/GPAHR2Le">isophorone diamine</a> is demonstrated, able to remove <a href="/facts/Carbon_dioxide/xGzpppEp">carbon dioxide</a> with 99% efficiency and more than twice as fast as existing systems.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:214" href="#fn:214">214</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:215" href="#fn:215">215</a></li>
<li>30 May – <a href="/facts/Frontier_(supercomputer)/NTUlSjry">Frontier</a> is announced by <a href="/facts/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory/Elq84HKF">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a> as the world's first exascale <a href="/facts/Supercomputer/HT9NwGAN">supercomputer</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:216" href="#fn:216">216</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:217" href="#fn:217">217</a></li>
<li>31 May – Success of record-long (3 days rather than usually <12 hours) of human <a href="/facts/Organ_transplantation/1jNvVJn6">transplant</a> organ <a href="/facts/Organ_procurement/F49mSLjR">preservation</a> with <a href="/facts/Machine_perfusion/gRW6uT0n">machine perfusion</a> of a <a href="/facts/Liver_transplantation/0noMXT50">liver</a> is reported. It could possibly be extended to 10 days and prevent substantial cell damage by low temperature preservation methods.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:218" href="#fn:218">218</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:219" href="#fn:219">219</a> On the same day, a separate study reports new <a href="/facts/Cryoprotectant/GyVLs8CN">cryoprotectant</a> solvents, tested with cells, that could preserve organs by the latter methods for much longer with substantially reduced damage.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:220" href="#fn:220">220</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:221" href="#fn:221">221</a></li></ul>
<h3>June</h3>

<ul><li>1 June – A study shows the clonal diversity of <a href="/facts/Stem_cell/qgB9dFrI">stem cells</a> that <a href="/facts/Haematopoiesis/VRDwMymd">produce blood cells</a> gets drastically reduced around age 70 to a faster-growing few, substantiating <a href="/facts/Stem_cell_theory_of_aging/gzF1FPNA">a novel</a> <a href="/facts/Senescence/AHmBEpe8">theory of ageing</a> which could enable <a href="/facts/Life_extension/uQj1vQdg">healthy aging</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:222" href="#fn:222">222</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:223" href="#fn:223">223</a></li>
<li>2 June – First success of a clinical trial for a <a href="/facts/3D_bioprinting/89jSM0SR">3D bioprinted transplant</a>, an <a href="/facts/Auricle_(anatomy)/J2RDSQJy">external ear</a> to treat <a href="/facts/Microtia/87Gw85zH">microtia</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:224" href="#fn:224">224</a> that is made from the patient's own cells is reported.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:225" href="#fn:225">225</a></li>
<li>3 June – The <a href="/facts/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration/IvcuqNJg">NOAA</a> reports that the global concentration of <a href="/facts/Carbon_dioxide_in_Earth%27s_atmosphere/h6A4HSzy">carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere</a> is now 50% greater than in pre-industrial times, and is likely at a level last seen <a href="/facts/Neogene/zUJxvjuH">4.1 to 4.5 million years ago</a>, at 421 parts per million (ppm).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:226" href="#fn:226">226</a></li>
<li>5 June – Progress in the <a href="/facts/Treatment_of_cancer/dezlwmAe">treatment of cancer</a>:A very small trial shows complete remission of a type of <a href="/facts/Colorectal_cancer/nV592sW7">colorectal cancer</a> without surgery and radiation in all 12 patients.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:227" href="#fn:227">227</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:228" href="#fn:228">228</a> On the same day, results of a trial show that <a href="/facts/Trastuzumab_deruxtecan/tlztqQ98">trastuzumab deruxtecan</a> therapy for <a href="/facts/HER2/xue3SgcA">HER2</a>-low metastatic <a href="/facts/Breast_cancer/6hME580v">breast cancer</a> exceeded results from <a href="/facts/Chemotherapy/fWTLbaUT">chemotherapy</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:229" href="#fn:229">229</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:230" href="#fn:230">230</a> The synthesis of ERX-41, a novel compound that has shown promise in eliminating <a href="/facts/Cancer_cells/HXSQQjhw">cancer cells</a>, is reported (2 June).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:231" href="#fn:231">231</a> Researchers describe a new light-activated '<a href="/facts/Photoimmunotherapy/hmMMUnWj">photoimmunotherapy</a>' for <a href="/facts/Brain_cancer/avjI5Nhm">brain cancer</a> <a href="/facts/In_vitro/evp3hAX6">in vitro</a>. They believe it could join surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy as a fifth major form of cancer treatment (16 June).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:232" href="#fn:232">232</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:233" href="#fn:233">233</a></li>
<li>6 June – Cats are added to the <a href="/facts/List_of_animals_that_can_get_SARS-CoV-2/sma4Ct4v">list of animals that can get SARS-CoV-2 and spread it back to humans</a>, albeit the transmission is considered uncommon<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:234" href="#fn:234">234</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:235" href="#fn:235">235</a> and not to be a source of <a href="/facts/SARS-CoV-2_variants/zN65y7eG">variants of concern</a> since the August 2021 detection.</li></ul>

<ul><li>8 June
<ul><li>Observation of the axial Higgs mode, a <a href="/facts/Higgs_boson/3LAYXfft">Higgs boson</a>-like excitation in a <a href="/facts/Charge_density_wave/RaoynuXH">charge density wave</a> material, is reported.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:236" href="#fn:236">236</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:237" href="#fn:237">237</a> It was incorrectly reported in some press releases as a <a href="/facts/Dark_matter/y5HgX55N">dark matter</a> particle.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:238" href="#fn:238">238</a></li>
<li>Scientists provide an overview of the capabilities of missions and observatories for detecting various alien <a href="/facts/Technosignature/W4r04wyg">technosignatures</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:239" href="#fn:239">239</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:240" href="#fn:240">240</a></li></ul></li>
<li>9 June
<ul><li>A study estimates the <a href="/facts/Air_pollution/zmk9Dy7S">air pollution</a> impacts on climate change and the ozone layer from rocket launches and re-entry of reusable components and <a href="/facts/Space_debris/X7YSKlXl">debris</a> in 2019 and from a theoretical future <a href="/facts/Space_industry/yjYlzIsA">space industry</a> extrapolated from the "<a href="/facts/Billionaire_space_race/DuuUz3pQ">billionaire space race</a>". It concludes that substantial effects from routine <a href="/facts/Space_tourism/fMK9CcnM">space tourism</a> should "motivate <a href="/facts/Space_law/l4Cxunqm">regulation</a>".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:241" href="#fn:241">241</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:242" href="#fn:242">242</a></li>
<li>Researchers report a robotic finger <a href="/facts/Soft_robotics/Qew4r0GM">covered in a type of manufactured living human skin</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:243" href="#fn:243">243</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:244" href="#fn:244">244</a> Researchers demonstrate an <a href="/facts/Electronic_skin/UStcFCa4">electronic skin</a> giving biological <a href="/facts/Skin/4havlLzG">skin</a>-like <a href="/facts/Robotic_sensing/6oQUCuwK">haptic sensations and touch/pain-sensitivity to a robotic hand</a> (1 June).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:245" href="#fn:245">245</a> A system of an electronic skin and a human-machine interface is reported that can enable <a href="/facts/Remote_sensing/pj2crmGs">remote sensed</a> <a href="/facts/Tactile_discrimination/lWtdLM0V">tactile perception</a>, and <a href="/facts/Wearable_technology/HBSY4P0x">wearable</a> or <a href="/facts/Robotic_sensing/6oQUCuwK">robotic sensing</a> of many hazardous substances and <a href="/facts/Biosensor/MaUAS0gD">pathogens</a> (1 June).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:246" href="#fn:246">246</a> A multilayer <a href="/facts/Tactile_sensor/9HHfGec6">tactile sensor</a> <a href="/facts/Hydrogel/kYMJum9P">hydrogel</a>-based robot skin is demonstrated (8 June).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:247" href="#fn:247">247</a></li></ul></li>
<li>10 June – The core of the <a href="/facts/Globular_cluster/FL0EERJU">globular cluster</a> <a href="/facts/NGC_3201/G6ja7Szv">NGC 3201</a> is shown to harbor a sub-cluster of nearly a hundred <a href="/facts/Black_holes/1r2lmkcF">black holes</a>. The same study also confirms that the globular cluster <a href="/facts/NGC_6397/fNAXggGz">NGC 6397</a> has ejected most of its original black hole population, and its inner mass excess is composed by hundreds of massive <a href="/facts/White_dwarfs/gIYlTtrC">white dwarfs</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:248" href="#fn:248">248</a>[249]</li>
<li>13 June – <a href="/facts/Non-government_reactions_to_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine/l7Dc7oUT">Science</a> and the <a href="/facts/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine/TTeQCgSl">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>:Groups of academics report how global <a href="/facts/Science_community/0YIPcVzE">science community</a> could help Ukraine via an action plan, including for helping organizing (re)vitalization of <a href="/facts/Science_and_technology_in_Ukraine/eWBCfuUj">Ukrainian science</a> and reconstruction in the future.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:249" href="#fn:249">249</a> On the same day, a researcher outlined a number of possible major <a href="/facts/Policy/0DtXG95q">policy</a>-based actions that could mitigate the energy and resource crises caused or exacerbated by the war.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:250" href="#fn:250">250</a> Russian space agency <a href="/facts/Roscosmos/GzWfae7U">Roscosmos</a> announces the intent to, unilaterally and hazardously, take over paused telescope <a href="/facts/EROSITA/qHBLvayp">eROSITA</a>, launched in collaboration with Germany (4 June).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:251" href="#fn:251">251</a> A science journalist outlines some of the <a href="/facts/Food_system/UoD0y4Ax">food system</a>-related <a href="/facts/Environmental_impact_of_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine/S7R1CSXC">environmental impacts of the war</a> (21 June).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:252" href="#fn:252">252</a> A study reports a number of humanitarian, <a href="/facts/Economic_impact_of_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine/CEelVs7t">economic, and financial</a> impacts of the war (23 June).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:253" href="#fn:253">253</a></li>
<li>15 June
<ul><li>Astronomers identify <a href="/facts/J1144%E2%80%934308/jSeyPKMu">J1144</a> as the fastest-growing <a href="/facts/Black_hole/1r2lmkcF">black hole</a> of the last nine billion years, consuming matter equivalent to one Earth every second, as well as being the most luminous quasi-stellar object of that period.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:254" href="#fn:254">254</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:255" href="#fn:255">255</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:256" href="#fn:256">256</a></li>
<li>Researchers report <a href="/facts/Lac-Phe/GyMbE2EG">Lac-Phe</a> as the most significantly induced circulating <a href="/facts/Metabolite/nAyywVtA">metabolite</a> in two animal models of <a href="/facts/Exercise/egYQjt8A">exercise</a> which – including via chronic administration – reduces food intake and suppresses obesity.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:257" href="#fn:257">257</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:258" href="#fn:258">258</a></li></ul></li>
<li>20 June
<ul><li>A study suggests global <a href="/facts/Food_mile/3Cst9FmV">food miles</a> CO2 emissions are 3.5–7.5 times <a href="/facts/Sustainable_food_system/KCu4BxI9">higher than previously estimated</a>, with transport accounting for about 19% of total food-system emissions,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:259" href="#fn:259">259</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:260" href="#fn:260">260</a> albeit shifting towards plant-based diets remains substantially more important.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:261" href="#fn:261">261</a></li>
<li>Researchers demonstrate an <a href="/facts/MRI/Vh9yG9qq">MRI</a>-<a href="/facts/Machine_learning/e0w0XJTu">ML</a>-based approach that can <a href="/facts/Screening_(medicine)/YhrXum3t">diagnose</a> <a href="/facts/Alzheimer%27s_disease/w7Ad6tdg">early Alzheimer's disease</a> with high accuracy and may help identify unknown related changes in the brain.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:262" href="#fn:262">262</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:263" href="#fn:263">263</a></li></ul></li>
<li>21 June – The inability to <a href="/facts/Standing/dgLKI8qh">stand</a> on one leg for 10 seconds in mid to later life is linked to a near-doubling in the risk of death from any cause within the next 10 years.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:264" href="#fn:264">264</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:265" href="#fn:265">265</a></li>
<li>22 June
<ul><li>A study concludes that <a href="/facts/Metastasis/4dadbm6z">the spread</a> of <a href="/facts/Breast_cancer/6hME580v">breast cancer</a> accelerates during <a href="/facts/Sleep/0bSDElWc">sleep</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:266" href="#fn:266">266</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:267" href="#fn:267">267</a></li>
<li>Agilicious, an <a href="/facts/Free_and_open_source_software/1cHtjLCB">open-source</a> and <a href="/facts/Open-hardware/UgCHeVsm">open-hardware</a> versatile standardized <a href="/facts/Quadcopter/H7LfJwxD">quadrotor</a> <a href="/facts/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle/qt87T19t">drone</a>, currently tailored toward agility, <a href="/facts/Open-source_robotics/e6gWqKp0">is released</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:268" href="#fn:268">268</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:269" href="#fn:269">269</a></li>
<li>The world's first <a href="/facts/Quantum_computer/nbbcgmvq">quantum computer</a> <a href="/facts/Integrated_circuit/fjn6vg7C">integrated circuit</a> is demonstrated.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:270" href="#fn:270">270</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:271" href="#fn:271">271</a></li></ul></li>
<li>23 June
<ul><li>The <a href="/facts/Largest_organisms/F3HjLlq7">largest</a> known <a href="/facts/Bacterium/wC8xSCsU">bacterium</a>, and an organism that has encapsulated DNA despite being identified as a <a href="/facts/Prokaryote/oYyvaDDH">prokaryote</a> and not an <a href="/facts/Eukaryote/SkwyPLMA">eukaryote</a>, with an average length of 10 mm, <a href="/facts/Thiomargarita_magnifica/3cdoIg8I">T. magnifica</a> is reported.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:272" href="#fn:272">272</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:273" href="#fn:273">273</a></li>
<li>A review shows prevalence of <a href="/facts/Long_COVID/9YQdUEE2">long COVID</a> conditions – like mood symptoms, <a href="/facts/Chronic_fatigue_syndrome/UwTEusF5">fatigue</a> and sleep disorders – in people age 0–18 years appears to be at ~25% overall.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:274" href="#fn:274">274</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:275" href="#fn:275">275</a></li>
<li>Two studies about aging-related characteristics of <a href="/facts/Longevity/T1hkcquu">long-lived</a> animals like turtles are published, identifying potentially causal protective traits and suggesting many of the species have "slow or negligible <a href="/facts/Senescence/AHmBEpe8">senescence</a>" (or aging).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:276" href="#fn:276">276</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:277" href="#fn:277">277</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:278" href="#fn:278">278</a></li>
<li>Researchers report the controlled growth of diverse foods in the dark via solar energy and <a href="/facts/Electrocatalysis/UXwuCNNg">electrocatalysis</a>-based <a href="/facts/Artificial_photosynthesis/heXLEFYw">artificial photosynthesis</a> as a potential way to increase <a href="/facts/Sustainable_food_system/KCu4BxI9">energy efficiency of food production and reduce its environmental impacts</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:279" href="#fn:279">279</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:280" href="#fn:280">280</a></li></ul></li>
<li>24 June
<ul><li>NASA publishes images showing an unexpected and unexplained double crater from what is thought to be the first time human <a href="/facts/Space_debris/X7YSKlXl">space debris</a> – likely by a spent <a href="/facts/Rocket_body/b6j4keIl">rocket body</a> – unintentionally <a href="/facts/Hertzsprung_(crater)/P2YA3Wfz">hit the lunar surface on 4 March</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:281" href="#fn:281">281</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:282" href="#fn:282">282</a></li>
<li>Early <a href="/facts/2022_monkeypox_outbreak/sgfXKw0T">2022 monkeypox outbreak</a> research:A study reports <a href="/facts/Phylogenetics/bw4rsovt">phylogenomic characterization</a> of the first monkeypox (MP) virus outbreak genome sequences, finding the "presumably slow-evolving" <a href="/facts/DNA_virus/sAHrgFsv">DNA virus</a> has evolved roughly 6–12-fold more mutations than one would expect and 15 <a href="/facts/Single-nucleotide_polymorphism/Qy5Y2wom">SNP</a> <a href="/facts/Point_mutation/q30PEGFd">mutations</a> <a href="/facts/Microevolution/Xwkz6zCf">since the beginning of the outbreak</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:283" href="#fn:283">283</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:284" href="#fn:284">284</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:285" href="#fn:285">285</a> The <a href="/facts/World_Health_Organization/YNN3bgug">WHO</a> announces that MP is not yet a global public health emergency but <a href="/facts/Pandemic_prevention/wvRq6uGK">a cause for deep concern</a> (25 June).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:286" href="#fn:286">286</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:287" href="#fn:287">287</a> Early overviews and reviews, including about current knowledge about MP prevention and treatment, are published.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:288" href="#fn:288">288</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:289" href="#fn:289">289</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:290" href="#fn:290">290</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:291" href="#fn:291">291</a> Scientists are investigating circulating lineages (and potential variants) of the MP virus and compare them to the African endemic lineages.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:292" href="#fn:292">292</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:293" href="#fn:293">293</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:294" href="#fn:294">294</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:295" href="#fn:295">295</a> A <a href="/facts/Preprint/ryoUUpCg">preprint</a> suggests that cases "where a small fraction of individuals have disproportionately large numbers of partners, can explain the sustained growth of monkeypox cases among the <a href="/facts/Men_who_have_sex_with_men/F2gI6FQG">MSM</a> population" (13 June).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:296" href="#fn:296">296</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:297" href="#fn:297">297</a> The MP incubation period is estimated to be 8.5 days on average and up to 21 days (16 June).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:298" href="#fn:298">298</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:299" href="#fn:299">299</a> The <a href="/facts/Protein_folding/rf3nR2Y1">3D-folded</a> structures of the whole <a href="/facts/Proteome/02gupgJW">proteome</a> of the current DNA virus <a href="/facts/Protein_structure_prediction/sj6AbLjI">are predicted</a>, which may be useful for the development of (better or updated) vaccines and drugs (28 June).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:300" href="#fn:300">300</a> A study indicates MP contaminated surfaces within hospitals and households could be infectious (30 June).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:301" href="#fn:301">301</a></li></ul></li>
<li>25 June – A study indicates that the <a href="/facts/Climate_change_in_the_Arctic/geaCzHTX">Arctic is warming four times faster than global warming</a> now, substantially faster than current <a href="/facts/CMIP6/rImqdYS3">CMIP6</a> models could project.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:302" href="#fn:302">302</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:303" href="#fn:303">303</a></li>
<li>27 June
<ul><li>With a small catalog of unknown bacteria, researchers suggest work on microbes soon to be released from <a href="/facts/Effects_of_climate_change/M5EvHf14">melting glaciers</a> across the world to <a href="/facts/Pandemic_prevention/wvRq6uGK">identify and understand potential threats in advance</a> and understand <a href="/facts/Extremophile/JGk1eYCk">extremophiles</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:304" href="#fn:304">304</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:305" href="#fn:305">305</a></li>
<li>Progress in <a href="/facts/Climate_change_mitigation/GgkoeWMk">climate change mitigation</a> (CCM) <a href="/facts/Living_review/pqgrJomA">living review</a>-like works:The <a href="/facts/Living_document/jowUhryg">living document</a>-like aggregation, assessment, integration and <a href="/facts/Scientific_review/zJb444sS">review</a> website <a href="/facts/Project_Drawdown/8DjxhWJa">Project Drawdown</a> adds 11 new CCM solutions to its organized set of mitigation techniques.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:306" href="#fn:306">306</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:307" href="#fn:307">307</a> The website's modeling framework is used in a study document to show that <a href="/facts/Circular_economy/13UFemv7">metal recycling</a> has significant potential for CCM (2 June).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:308" href="#fn:308">308</a> A revised or updated version of a major worldwide <a href="/facts/100%25_renewable_energy/48bvSvPd">100% renewable energy</a> proposed plan and model is published (28 June).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:309" href="#fn:309">309</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:310" href="#fn:310">310</a></li></ul></li>
<li>28 June
<ul><li>Physicists report that <a href="/facts/Search_for_extraterrestrial_intelligence/dh8h2HNn">interstellar quantum communication by other civilizations</a> could be possible and may be advantageous, identifying some potential challenges and factors for detecting such. They may use, for example, X-ray photons for remotely established <a href="/facts/Quantum_communication/JDuxpHp8">channels</a> and <a href="/facts/Quantum_teleportation/2lWvQA4F">quantum teleportation</a> as the communication mode.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:311" href="#fn:311">311</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:312" href="#fn:312">312</a></li>
<li>A <a href="/facts/Scientific_review/zJb444sS">review</a> elucidates the current state of <a href="/facts/Effects_of_climate_change/M5EvHf14">climate change</a> <a href="/facts/Extreme_event_attribution/9WwUIPGw">extreme event attribution</a> science, concluding probabilities and costs-severities of links as well as identifying potential ways for its improvement.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:313" href="#fn:313">313</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:314" href="#fn:314">314</a></li></ul></li>
<li>30 June
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Samsung/oNXUwDjn">Samsung</a> announces the first mass production of computer chips using a <a href="/facts/3_nm/zR3mn68L">3 nm</a> process. These feature a <a href="/facts/Multigate_device/YTeIYBvc">gate-all-around</a> <a href="/facts/Transistor/Bmr8zwL0">transistor</a> architecture that reduces power consumption by up to 45%, improves performance by 23% and reduces area by 16% compared to 5 nm.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:315" href="#fn:315">315</a></li>
<li>Researchers, health organizations and regulators are discussing, investigating and partly recommending <a href="/facts/COVID-19_vaccine/obToxWTT">COVID-19 vaccine</a> boosters that mix the original vaccine formulation with <a href="/facts/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant/N6u1sGPt">Omicron</a>-adjusted parts – such as <a href="/facts/Spike_protein/UqV2Y4Lo">spike proteins</a> of a specific Omicron subvariant – to better prepare the immune system to recognize a wide variety of <a href="/facts/SARS-CoV-2_variants/zN65y7eG">variants</a> amid substantial and ongoing immune evasion by Omicron.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:316" href="#fn:316">316</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<h3>July</h3>

<ul><li>1 July
<ul><li>Scientists show why climate benefits from <a href="/facts/Restoration_ecology/gJ6wT9Gg">nature restoration</a> are "dwarfed by the scale of <a href="/facts/Climate_change_mitigation/GgkoeWMk">ongoing fossil fuel emissions</a>".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:317" href="#fn:317">317</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:318" href="#fn:318">318</a></li>
<li>A new <a href="/facts/CRISPR_gene_editing/nhPsllUR">CRISPR gene editing/repair tool</a> alternative to fully active Cas9 is reported – Cas9-derived <a href="/facts/Nicking_enzyme/vm06Dx8M">nickases</a> mediated <a href="/facts/Homologous_chromosome/hktsBhyx">homologous chromosome</a>-templated <a href="/facts/DNA_repair/hsURuYYq">repair</a>, applicable to organisms whose matching chromosome has the desired gene/s, which is demonstrated to be more effective than Cas9 and cause fewer <a href="/facts/Off-target_genome_editing/pqfWszoS">off-target edits</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:319" href="#fn:319">319</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:320" href="#fn:320">320</a></li></ul></li>
<li>4 July – Scientists report that <a href="/facts/Heatwave/33bJ5jh9">heatwaves</a> <a href="/facts/Climate_change_in_Europe/IPXNUmjX">in western Europe</a> are increasing "three-to-four times faster compared to the rest of the northern midlatitudes over the past 42 years" and that certain atmospheric dynamical changes can explain their increase.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:321" href="#fn:321">321</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:322" href="#fn:322">322</a></li>
<li>5 July – The <a href="/facts/Large_Hadron_Collider/XWJCFSqT">Large Hadron Collider</a> commences its Run 3 physics season. The LHCb collaboration observes three never-before-seen particles: a new kind of "<a href="/facts/Pentaquark/WLtlbYvw">pentaquark</a>" and the first-ever pair of "<a href="/facts/Tetraquarks/AwkqurbM">tetraquarks</a>", which includes a new type of tetraquark.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:323" href="#fn:323">323</a></li>
<li>6 July – A study suggests that the marginal effectiveness of a fourth <a href="/facts/COVID-19_vaccine/obToxWTT">COVID-19 vaccine</a> dose (a second "booster") versus three doses can be 40% (24% to 52%) against severe disease outcomes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:324" href="#fn:324">324</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:325" href="#fn:325">325</a> There is no scientific consensus about the efficacy and overall recommendabilities of a fourth dose.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:326" href="#fn:326">326</a> The <a href="/facts/CDC/EAsbo0ws">CDC</a> recommended such in March only for "certain immunocompromised individuals and people over the age of 50".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:327" href="#fn:327">327</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:328" href="#fn:328">328</a></li></ul>

<ul><li>7 July
<ul><li>The first <a href="/facts/Perovskite_solar_cell/MXxKPjPq">tandem perovskite-silicon solar cell</a> to exceed 30% efficiency (31.25%) is independently certified by the <a href="/facts/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory/UMhnJKEC">National Renewable Energy Laboratory</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:329" href="#fn:329">329</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:330" href="#fn:330">330</a></li>
<li>A study into the effects of a <a href="/facts/Nuclear_holocaust/mDXd7Phv">global nuclear war</a> on the world's oceans is published, revealing a rapid 10.5 °C (18.9 °F) drop in temperature, along with many longer-lasting impacts.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:331" href="#fn:331">331</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:332" href="#fn:332">332</a></li></ul></li>
<li>8 July – Astronomers report the discovery of massive amounts of <a href="/facts/Abiogenesis/BvAmLPQP">prebiotic molecules</a>, including precursors for <a href="/facts/RNA/HxPeNfNj">RNA</a>, in the <a href="/facts/Galactic_Center/TI4MwWwM">Galactic Center</a> of the <a href="/facts/Milky_Way_Galaxy/ulF6lccN">Milky Way Galaxy</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:333" href="#fn:333">333</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:334" href="#fn:334">334</a></li>
<li>9 July – Researchers report the development of an efficient, secure and convenient method to separate, purify, store and transport large amounts of <a href="/facts/Hydrogen_economy/TNdU0eR2">hydrogen for energy storage in renewables-based energy systems</a> as powder using <a href="/facts/Ball_mill/40Xn4KUQ">ball milling</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:335" href="#fn:335">335</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:336" href="#fn:336">336</a></li>
<li>11 July
<ul><li>Researchers report the development of a <a href="/facts/Deep_learning/JLuwD3ea">deep learning</a> system that learns intuitive physics from visual data (of virtual 3D environments) <a href="/facts/Artificial_general_intelligence/vbxwaq8t">to some degree "from scratch"</a> based on an <a href="/facts/Reproducibility/yh5pawMj">unpublished</a> approach inspired by studies of visual cognition in infants.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:337" href="#fn:337">337</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:338" href="#fn:338">338</a> On 25 July, other researchers report the development of a <a href="/facts/Machine_learning/e0w0XJTu">machine learning</a> algorithm that could discover sets of basic variables <a href="/facts/Machine_learning_in_physics/GS6HNNDe">of various physical systems</a> and predict the systems' future dynamics from video recordings of their behavior.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:339" href="#fn:339">339</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:340" href="#fn:340">340</a></li>
<li>News outlets report about the development of <a href="/facts/Algae_bioreactor/9WB4lYnz">algae biopanels</a> by a company for <a href="/facts/Renewable_energy/6Bu6IrpF">sustainable energy generation</a> with unclear viability<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:341" href="#fn:341">341</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:342" href="#fn:342">342</a> after other researchers built the self-powered <a href="/facts/Bionic_architecture/Kct0Rbhv">BIQ house prototype</a> in 2013.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:343" href="#fn:343">343</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:344" href="#fn:344">344</a></li></ul></li>
<li>12 July – <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a> releases the first suite of images from the now fully operational <a href="/facts/James_Webb_Space_Telescope/w4GAWnWX">James Webb Space Telescope</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:345" href="#fn:345">345</a> a day after releasing the <a href="/facts/Webb%27s_First_Deep_Field/cqJADG2o">Webb's First Deep Field</a>, the image of <a href="/facts/Early_universe/ezBKAdjy">early universe</a> with the highest resolution.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:346" href="#fn:346">346</a> On 14 July, NASA presents images of <a href="/facts/Jupiter/95m7XjMT">Jupiter</a> and related areas captured, for the first time, and including <a href="/facts/Infrared/44XdJNcc">infrared</a> views, by the telescope.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:347" href="#fn:347">347</a> On 19 July, scientists report what could be the earliest and most distant galaxy ever discovered, <a href="/facts/GLASS-z12/HwVLQ1Wx">GLASS-z12</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:348" href="#fn:348">348</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:349" href="#fn:349">349</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:350" href="#fn:350">350</a></li>
<li>13 July
<ul><li>The discovery of <a href="/facts/Fast_radio_burst/ynz5gw2b">fast radio burst</a> <a href="/facts/Fast_radio_burst/ynz5gw2b">FRB 20191221A</a> with an unusually long duration of three seconds is reported.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:351" href="#fn:351">351</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:352" href="#fn:352">352</a></li>
<li>A study affirms (see 7 March) that <a href="/facts/Critical_transition/Mv10GCHt">critical slowing down</a> indicators suggest that tropical, arid and temperate forests are substantially losing resilience.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:353" href="#fn:353">353</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:354" href="#fn:354">354</a> On 4 July, Brazil's <a href="/facts/National_Institute_for_Space_Research/tt694S4M">INPE</a> reports that the country's regions of the <a href="/facts/Deforestation_of_the_Amazon_rainforest/HA5v2VDf">Amazon rainforest have been deforested</a> by a record amount in the first half of 2022.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:355" href="#fn:355">355</a></li>
<li>A study shows that <a href="/facts/Haematopoiesis/VRDwMymd">blood cells'</a> loss of the <a href="/facts/Y_chromosome/nBDd0Vlg">Y chromosome</a> in <a href="/facts/Mosaicism/AtyxgmDS">a subset of cells</a>, reportedly affecting at least 40% of <a href="/facts/Stem_cell_theory_of_aging/gzF1FPNA">70 years-old</a> men to some degree, contributes to <a href="/facts/Fibrosis/VVSmVgr3">fibrosis</a>, <a href="/facts/Cardiac_dysfunction/7fckX3Jm">heart risks</a>, and mortality in a causal way.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:356" href="#fn:356">356</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:357" href="#fn:357">357</a></li>
<li>Researchers report the development of <a href="/facts/Thin-film_solar_cell/54UK9nKn">semitransparent solar cells</a> that are as large as windows,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:358" href="#fn:358">358</a> after team members achieved record efficiency with high transparency in 2020.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:359" href="#fn:359">359</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:360" href="#fn:360">360</a> On 4 July, researchers report the fabrication of solar cells with a record average visible transparency of 79%, being nearly invisible.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:361" href="#fn:361">361</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li>18 July
<ul><li>A survey of more than 3,000 experts finds that the <a href="/facts/Holocene_extinction/C1LzDDy7">extinction crisis</a> could be worse than previously thought, and estimates that roughly 30% of species "have been globally threatened or driven extinct since the year 1500."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:362" href="#fn:362">362</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:363" href="#fn:363">363</a></li>
<li>The first "dormant" black hole (meaning it does not emit high levels of <a href="/facts/X-ray/wseP79cN">X-ray</a> radiation) is identified outside the Milky Way. The object, with nine solar masses, orbits a rare <a href="/facts/O-type_star/Kcljmhe8">O-type star</a> in a system called VFTS 243 within the <a href="/facts/Large_Magellanic_Cloud/7VYAehNa">Large Magellanic Cloud</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:364" href="#fn:364">364</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:365" href="#fn:365">365</a></li>
<li>A study shows that <a href="/facts/Effects_of_climate_change_on_oceans/n6mDQJQq">climate change-related</a> exceptional <a href="/facts/Marine_heatwave/NJM0MSc7">marine heatwaves</a> in the <a href="/facts/Mediterranean_Sea/Vr2pzVbM">Mediterranean Sea</a> during 2015–2019 resulted in widespread mass sealife die-offs in five consecutive years.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:366" href="#fn:366">366</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:367" href="#fn:367">367</a></li></ul></li>
<li>20 July – Scientists report that <a href="/facts/SARS-CoV-2/DxF8rDc1">SARS-CoV-2</a> builds <a href="/facts/Tunneling_nanotube/RCE5dXmv">tunneling nanotubes</a> from nose cells to gain access <a href="/facts/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes/tkmd4t16">to the brain</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:368" href="#fn:368">368</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:369" href="#fn:369">369</a></li>
<li>21 July
<ul><li>A potential <a href="/facts/Gene_therapy/CaxRLfKM">gene therapy</a> cure for <a href="/facts/Haemophilia_B/e5Afggoe">haemophilia B</a>, which corrects the genetic defect associated with the condition is announced with trial results by doctors. It caused a sustained increase in factor IX activity in 9 of 10 patients in the small trial.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:370" href="#fn:370">370</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:371" href="#fn:371">371</a></li>
<li>Sunspot AR3060 explodes early in the morning. It releases a C-5 class <a href="/facts/Solar_flare/6kCvPKxD">solar flare</a>, and a "solar tsunami". The <a href="/facts/NOAA/IvcuqNJg">NOAA</a> predicts that a geomagnetic storm from this event will strike the Earth on 23 July, between 0000 UTC and 0400 UTC, as a G2 class storm, with a slight chance of a G3 storm. <a href="/facts/Aurora/6agpj9Qs">Aurorae</a> could be visible as far south as 50° N latitude.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:372" href="#fn:372">372</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:373" href="#fn:373">373</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:374" href="#fn:374">374</a>[needs update]</li>
<li>Researchers report the development of <a href="/facts/Deep_learning/JLuwD3ea">deep learning</a> software that can <a href="/facts/Protein_design/jFKIHFvc">design proteins</a> that contain prespecified functional sites.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:375" href="#fn:375">375</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:376" href="#fn:376">376</a></li></ul></li>
<li>23 July – The <a href="/facts/World_Health_Organization/YNN3bgug">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) declares the recent <a href="/facts/2022_monkeypox_outbreak/sgfXKw0T">monkeypox outbreak</a> a <a href="/facts/Public_Health_Emergency_of_International_Concern/VYtfY9bk">Public Health Emergency of International Concern</a>, as the number of reported cases worldwide exceeds 17,000.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:377" href="#fn:377">377</a> In July, scientists reported that the window to be able to contain the outbreak is closing or has closed.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:378" href="#fn:378">378</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:379" href="#fn:379">379</a> On 5 July, a <a href="/facts/Preprint/ryoUUpCg">preprint</a> indicates there can be asymptomatic infections.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:380" href="#fn:380">380</a> On 27 July, an analysis of studies <a href="/facts/Science_journalism/33zXAY9z">by a journalist</a> indicates that "about 10-to-15% of cases have been hospitalized, mostly for pain and bacterial infections that can occur as a result of monkeypox lesions".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:381" href="#fn:381">381</a> Studies published in August indicated hospitalizations of small cohorts of early patients were 8%<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:382" href="#fn:382">382</a> and 13%.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:383" href="#fn:383">383</a></li>
<li>25 July
<ul><li>Researchers introduce the concept of <a href="/facts/Necrobotics/F03RCn27">necrobotics</a> and demonstrate it by <a href="/facts/Soft_robotics/Qew4r0GM">repurposing dead spiders as robotic grippers</a> by activating their gripping arms via applying pressurized air.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:384" href="#fn:384">384</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:385" href="#fn:385">385</a></li>
<li>Researchers <a href="/facts/Scientific_review/zJb444sS">review</a> the scientific literature on <a href="/facts/100%25_renewable_energy/48bvSvPd">100% renewable energy</a>, addressing various issues, outlining open <a href="/facts/Research_question/xf0vK9aV">research questions</a>, and concluding there to be growing consensus, research and empirical evidence concerning its feasibility worldwide.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:386" href="#fn:386">386</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:387" href="#fn:387">387</a></li></ul></li>
<li>26 July – Scientists analyse 2.8 million of the sequenced <a href="/facts/SARS-CoV-2/DxF8rDc1">SARS-CoV-2</a> genomes and use the results to compile a 'mutations blacklist' of virus weak spots, and a 'whitelist' of mutations that would make it more transmissible.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:388" href="#fn:388">388</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:389" href="#fn:389">389</a></li>
<li>27 July – Progress towards a <a href="/facts/Universal_coronavirus_vaccine/osf1nE6j">pan coronavirus vaccine</a> is announced, following tests on mice. Antibodies targeting the S2 subunit of <a href="/facts/SARS-CoV-2/DxF8rDc1">SARS-CoV-2</a>'s <a href="/facts/Spike_protein/UqV2Y4Lo">spike protein</a> are found to neutralise multiple coronavirus variants.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:390" href="#fn:390">390</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:391" href="#fn:391">391</a></li>
<li>28 July
<ul><li><a href="/facts/DeepMind/n5ehBwCx">DeepMind</a> announces that its <a href="/facts/AlphaFold/DwBhppKC">AlphaFold</a> program has uncovered the structures of more than 200 million <a href="/facts/Protein_folding/rf3nR2Y1">folded</a> <a href="/facts/Proteins/Jxmagu3E">proteins</a>, essentially all of those known to science.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:392" href="#fn:392">392</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:393" href="#fn:393">393</a></li>
<li>Researchers report the development of a <a href="/facts/Wearable_technology/HBSY4P0x">wearable</a> <a href="/facts/Bioadhesive/0SnJ9n1L">bioadhesive</a> <a href="/facts/Stretchable_electronics/ffrWw3G4">stretchable</a> high-resolution <a href="/facts/Medical_ultrasound/Ju5BFuuV">ultrasound</a> imaging patch for days-long continuous <a href="/facts/Medical_imaging/pL6JyJEp">imaging of diverse organs</a> which may enable novel diagnostic and monitoring tools.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:394" href="#fn:394">394</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:395" href="#fn:395">395</a></li>
<li>First reported discovery of an <a href="/facts/Pollinator/DBJNeDtv">animal helping algae reproduce</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:396" href="#fn:396">396</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:397" href="#fn:397">397</a> after <a href="/facts/Pollination/u383g7XJ">pollination</a> in the sea was first reported in 2016.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:398" href="#fn:398">398</a></li>
<li>Researchers report the development of nanoscale <a href="/facts/Neuromorphic_engineering/REplYB5e">brain-inspired</a> <a href="/facts/Physical_neural_network/azQhVNq3">artificial synapses</a>, using <a href="/facts/Proton/clCjepXP">the ion proton</a> (H+), for 'analog <a href="/facts/Deep_learning/JLuwD3ea">deep learning</a>'.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:399" href="#fn:399">399</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:400" href="#fn:400">400</a></li>
<li>Scientists report the discovery of chemical reactions by potential <a href="/facts/Primordial_soup/G3jUFl1U">primordial soup</a> components that produced <a href="/facts/Amino_acid/WDxYwBny">amino acids</a> and may be part of <a href="/facts/Abiogenesis/BvAmLPQP">the origin of life on Earth</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:401" href="#fn:401">401</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:402" href="#fn:402">402</a></li></ul></li>
<li>29 July
<ul><li>In a <a href="/facts/Preprint/ryoUUpCg">preprint</a>, scientists from <a href="/facts/Avi_Loeb/Va56EKEV">the Galileo Project</a> describe a planned expedition to retrieve small fragments of interstellar meteor <a href="/facts/CNEOS_2014-01-08/uL4G8VwS">CNEOS 2014-01-08</a>, which "appears to be rare both in composition and in speed" and is not ruled out to be "extraterrestrial equipment",<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:403" href="#fn:403">403</a> using a magnetic sled on the seafloor of the impact region.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:404" href="#fn:404">404</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:405" href="#fn:405">405</a></li>
<li>A study, that reanalyzes data used in <a href="/facts/2021_in_science/jWGfKMyf">a study by DeSilva et al. (2021)</a>, indicates that <a href="/facts/Brain_size/K0xy5XT5">human brain size</a> did not decrease over the last three thousand years as suggested by this study nor within 300 ka as suggested by other studies. It concludes that "the samples need to be specific enough to test the hypothesis across different times and populations".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:406" href="#fn:406">406</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:407" href="#fn:407">407</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<h3>August</h3>

<ul><li>1 August
<ul><li>A <a href="/facts/Meta-analysis/IcfChd8z">meta-analysis</a> of <a href="/facts/Policy_studies/G3fTNBoc">policy studies</a> concludes that <a href="/facts/International_treaties/KCfhDfDV">international treaties</a> that aim to foster <a href="/facts/Global_governance/p1rXSfES">global cooperation</a> have mostly failed to produce their <a href="/facts/Goal/N5UtLKVk">intended effects</a> in addressing <a href="/facts/Global_issue/jRuv71Dc">global challenges</a>, with the exception of <a href="/facts/International_trade/jB2m5TGX">international trade</a> and <a href="/facts/International_finance/9vkvrb0J">finance</a> regulations. The study suggests <a href="/facts/Enforcement/7N9pPSQP">enforcement mechanisms</a> are the "only modifiable <a href="/facts/Policy/0DtXG95q">treaty design choice</a>" with the potential to improve the <a href="/facts/Effectiveness/L8yAf41P">effectiveness</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:408" href="#fn:408">408</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:409" href="#fn:409">409</a></li>
<li>The discovery of a <a href="/facts/Super-Earth/C8xrtn2w">super-Earth</a> around the red dwarf star <a href="/facts/Ross_508/brQTf1Q2">Ross 508</a> is reported. Part of the planet's <a href="/facts/Elliptical_orbit/SfuXuATN">elliptical orbit</a> takes it within the <a href="/facts/Habitable_zone/bjgaUkfB">habitable zone</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:410" href="#fn:410">410</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:411" href="#fn:411">411</a></li>
<li>Researchers report that <a href="/facts/Climate_apocalypse/eaaF9IfT">the risk</a> of <a href="/facts/Effects_of_climate_change/M5EvHf14">climate change (indirectly) resulting in</a> worldwide <a href="/facts/Societal_collapse/mxDqMIyE">societal collapse</a>, or possibly eventual <a href="/facts/Human_extinction/AKGd4JlS">human extinction</a>, is a "dangerously underexplored" <a href="/facts/Global_issue/jRuv71Dc">global</a> <a href="/facts/Research_question/xf0vK9aV">topic</a>, despite <a href="/facts/Climate_endgame/eaaF9IfT">there being indications of such being possible</a> as <a href="/facts/Worst-case_scenario/tjofA08J">worst-case scenarios</a> and "<a href="/facts/Integrated_assessment_modelling/av5zQ8fq">integrated</a> catastrophe <a href="/facts/Risk_assessment/vlG9Uf0h">assessment</a>" missing.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:412" href="#fn:412">412</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:413" href="#fn:413">413</a></li>
<li>Israeli researchers report the achievement of first stem-cell derived <a href="/facts/Ectogenesis/fNmFnj3j">synthetic embryos</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:414" href="#fn:414">414</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:415" href="#fn:415">415</a> which are "organ-filled" and were grown solely from mouse <a href="/facts/Embryonic_stem_cell/P1n1eS1p">embryonic stem cells</a>, without sperm or eggs or a uterus, <a href="/facts/Development_of_the_nervous_system_in_humans/TV47Sv29">with natural-like development</a> and some surviving until day 8.5 where early <a href="/facts/Organogenesis/Wzd0g1al">organogenesis</a>, including <a href="/facts/Human_embryonic_development/JeVmIcT0">formation of foundations of a brain</a>, occurs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:416" href="#fn:416">416</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:417" href="#fn:417">417</a> They grew <a href="/facts/In_vitro/evp3hAX6">in vitro</a> and subsequently ex utero in <a href="/facts/Artificial_womb/qF9gnMS7">an artificial womb</a> devised in the year before by the same team.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:418" href="#fn:418">418</a></li></ul></li>
<li>2 August
<ul><li>Scientists conclude that the overall transgressed (see <a href="/facts/January%E2%80%93March_2022_in_science/lj3GEx0R">18 January</a>) <a href="/facts/Planetary_boundary/th3MzcsM">planetary boundary</a> for "novel entities" (NEs) is a placeholder for multiple different boundaries for NEs that may emerge, reporting that <a href="/facts/Per-_and_polyfluoroalkyl_substances/KcNTVbvS">PFAS pollution</a> is one such new boundary. They show that levels of these so-called "<a href="/facts/Forever_chemicals/80UtnJEp">forever chemicals</a>" in <a href="/facts/Rainwater/MLqcQEyx">rainwater</a> are ubiquitously, and often greatly, above guideline safe levels worldwide.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:419" href="#fn:419">419</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:420" href="#fn:420">420</a> There are moves to restrict and replace their use.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:421" href="#fn:421">421</a>On 18 August, a simple method of breaking down these chemicals once they have been pulled out of contaminated water or soil<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:422" href="#fn:422">422</a> is described.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:423" href="#fn:423">423</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:424" href="#fn:424">424</a></li>
<li>A <a href="/facts/Preprint/ryoUUpCg">preprint</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:425" href="#fn:425">425</a> describes the <a href="/facts/Science_funding/T0dr3vUI">donations-funded</a> plans of <a href="/facts/The_Galileo_Project/d9QER4R9">The Galileo Project</a> in detail: a systematic scientific research program <a href="/facts/Search_for_extraterrestrial_intelligence/dh8h2HNn">searching for (signs of) extraterrestrial technological civilizations (ETCs)</a> on and near Earth.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:426" href="#fn:426">426</a></li></ul></li>
<li>3 August – Scientists report an <a href="/facts/Machine_perfusion/gRW6uT0n">organ perfusion system</a> that can restore, i.e. on the cellular level, multiple vital (pig) organs one hour after death (during which the body had warm <a href="/facts/Ischaemia/ySL9xbCl">ischaemia</a>),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:427" href="#fn:427">427</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:428" href="#fn:428">428</a> after reporting a similar method/system for reviving (pig) brains hours after death in 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:429" href="#fn:429">429</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:430" href="#fn:430">430</a> This could be used to preserve <a href="/facts/Donor_organ/wgHzQ3c4">donor organs</a> or for revival in medical emergencies.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:431" href="#fn:431">431</a></li>
<li>4 August – Lab-made <a href="/facts/Cartilage/vxy2qzKN">cartilage</a> gel based on a synthetic <a href="/facts/Hydrogel/kYMJum9P">hydrogel</a> composite is found to have greater strength and wear resistance than natural cartilage, which could enable the durable resurfacing of damaged <a href="/facts/Joint/D70qxsey">articulating joints</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:432" href="#fn:432">432</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:433" href="#fn:433">433</a></li>
<li>8 August
<ul><li>Researchers provide a dataset of <a href="/facts/Standardization/vS9AhNMS">standardized</a> calculated detailed <a href="/facts/Life-cycle_assessment/vGKCvfYf">environmental impacts</a> of >57,000 circulating <a href="/facts/Sustainable_food_system/KCu4BxI9">food</a> <a href="/facts/Product_(business)/l9P9fUJa">products</a>, potentially e.g. informing consumers or <a href="/facts/Policy/0DtXG95q">policy</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:434" href="#fn:434">434</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:435" href="#fn:435">435</a></li>
<li>A study quantifies the large extent of <a href="/facts/Climate_change_and_infectious_diseases/Cl1zJ5Br">climate change impacts on infectious diseases</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:436" href="#fn:436">436</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:437" href="#fn:437">437</a></li>
<li>The creation of <a href="/facts/Artificial_neuron/TSH6nsgg">artificial neurons</a> that can <a href="/facts/Neuromorphic_engineering/REplYB5e">receive and release</a> <a href="/facts/Dopamine/5gNy8Xkd">dopamine</a> (<a href="/facts/Neurotransmitter/LlpYFSU3">chemical signals</a> rather than electrical signals) and communicate with natural rat <a href="/facts/Soft_robot/Qew4r0GM">muscle</a> and <a href="/facts/Brain_cell/C1blhJJ4">brain cells</a> is reported, with potential for use in <a href="/facts/Brain%E2%80%93computer_interface/wdXWqFVr">BCIs</a>/<a href="/facts/Wetware_computer/Qt0rt0KC">prosthetics</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:438" href="#fn:438">438</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:439" href="#fn:439">439</a></li>
<li>A <a href="/facts/Cancer_screening/yPeRvUsu">screening</a> <a href="/facts/Artificial_intelligence_in_healthcare/zCxMXHjG">AI</a> system for many cancer types that <a href="/facts/Data_integration/BU47JR28">integrates</a> different types of data via <a href="/facts/Multimodal_learning/mvzR8clX">multimodal learning</a> is reported.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:440" href="#fn:440">440</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:441" href="#fn:441">441</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li>10 August – <a href="/facts/2022_monkeypox_outbreak/sgfXKw0T">2022 monkeypox outbreak</a>: Evidence of <a href="/facts/Spillover_infection/0wsoX5hN">human-to-dog transmission</a> is reported.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:442" href="#fn:442">442</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:443" href="#fn:443">443</a>On 4 August, a <a href="/facts/Preprint/ryoUUpCg">preprint</a> reports that early post-exposure <a href="/facts/Ring_vaccination/edm3sUKQ">ring vaccination</a> despite high efficacy "did not completely prevent <a href="/facts/Breakthrough_infection/gh4yaEHy">breakthrough infections</a>".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:444" href="#fn:444">444</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:445" href="#fn:445">445</a>On 15 August, a <a href="/facts/Preprint/ryoUUpCg">preprint</a> suggests the virus has potential to infect a diverse range of native animals across Europe.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:446" href="#fn:446">446</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:447" href="#fn:447">447</a>On 16 August, a <a href="/facts/Scientific_review/zJb444sS">review</a> recommends a '<a href="/facts/Living_document/jowUhryg">living guideline</a>' framework for needed clinical management research.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:448" href="#fn:448">448</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:449" href="#fn:449">449</a>On 19 August, a <a href="/facts/CDC/EAsbo0ws">CDC</a> study summarizes current knowledge about the transmission of monkeypox.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:450" href="#fn:450">450</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:451" href="#fn:451">451</a><a href="/facts/Wastewater_surveillance/TEl8BDhd">Wastewater surveillance</a>, which substantially expanded during the <a href="/facts/COVID-19_pandemic/0xTsh7Ut">COVID-19 pandemic</a> is used to detect monkeypox,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:452" href="#fn:452">452</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:453" href="#fn:453">453</a> with one team of researchers describing their qualitative detection method on 31 August.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:454" href="#fn:454">454</a></li></ul>

<ul><li>11 August – A <a href="/facts/Tissue_engineering/Tx77KG1S">bioengineered</a> <a href="/facts/Cornea/oKA6clQT">cornea</a> made from pig's skin is shown to restore vision to blind people. It can be mass-produced and stored for up to two years, unlike donated human corneas that are scarce and must be used within two weeks.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:455" href="#fn:455">455</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:456" href="#fn:456">456</a></li>
<li>12 August — The <a href="/facts/National_Centers_for_Environmental_Information/hGkagDC1">National Centers for Environmental Information</a> publish a report, where they state an all-time record cold temperature occurred in Australia during the month. On October 7, 2022, Zack Labe, a climate scientist for the NOAA <a href="/facts/Geophysical_Fluid_Dynamics_Laboratory/8nJalJDo">GFDL</a> releases a statement and a climate report from <a href="/facts/Berkeley_Earth/EUhEUt7E">Berkeley Earth</a> denying the all-time record cold temperature occurred saying, "There are still no areas of record cold so far in 2022."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:457" href="#fn:457">457</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:458" href="#fn:458">458</a> Labe's statement also denies the record cold temperatures in <a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL">Brazil</a>, reported by the <a href="/facts/National_Institute_of_Meteorology/pdT9V9A8">National Institute of Meteorology</a> in May 2022, a month before the official start of winter, was also not record cold temperatures.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:459" href="#fn:459">459</a></li>
<li>13 August – <a href="/facts/Rocket_Lab/o5Wlgg6P">Rocket Lab</a> describes its self-funded plans in detail, first announced in early 2020,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:460" href="#fn:460">460</a> to send a probe to Venus, <a href="/facts/List_of_missions_to_Venus/JVJcu9xA">likely in 2023</a>, to search for life in the planet's cloud layer, where other scientists reported <a href="/facts/Life_on_Venus/QLG5hytu">the potential detection</a> of <a href="/facts/Biosignature/vaG06nRB">biosignature</a>-levels of <a href="/facts/Phosphine/aYysn5TS">phosphine</a> in late 2020 and thereafter.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:461" href="#fn:461">461</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:462" href="#fn:462">462</a></li>
<li>~14 August – As <a href="/facts/2022_heat_waves/rbTN67LD">record-breaking</a> <a href="/facts/Heatwave/33bJ5jh9">heatwaves</a> and <a href="/facts/Drought/LVW0rfuV">droughts</a> affect water supplies, rivers (along with shipping and <a href="/facts/Nuclear_reactor_coolant/7m7FX3Sn">nuclear reactor cooling</a>), ecosystems, various global supply chains, health, and agriculture worldwide,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:463" href="#fn:463">463</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:464" href="#fn:464">464</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:465" href="#fn:465">465</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:466" href="#fn:466">466</a> <a href="/facts/2022_European_heat_waves/6n5e5dn2">in Europe</a>, Spain domestically restricts e.g. <a href="/facts/Air_conditioning/bK2sIKQd">air conditioning</a> to defined temperature ranges,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:467" href="#fn:467">467</a> <a href="/facts/2022_North_American_heat_waves/lfFoEzyT">in the U.S.</a>, entities are required to provide <a href="/facts/Plan/jVP4MBhr">plans</a> to reduce their water usage,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:468" href="#fn:468">468</a> and <a href="/facts/2022_China_heat_wave/fCoXcD23">China</a> experiences large <a href="/facts/Power_blackout/CBp7xY9w">blackouts</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:469" href="#fn:469">469</a> and experiments with <a href="/facts/Cloud_seeding/sleWvvte">cloud seeding</a> among other measures, despite experts stating it would be "marginally effective" and possibly exacerbate problems.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:470" href="#fn:470">470</a> <a href="/facts/Media_coverage_of_climate_change/w3nu3daJ">Several journalists</a> of <a href="/facts/Online_newspaper/MCA3yt4E">online newspapers</a> have put these <a href="/facts/Extreme_weather/gzcNR4BC">extreme weather</a> events into <a href="/facts/Effects_of_climate_change/M5EvHf14">the context</a> of <a href="/facts/Climate_change_adaptation/RoUgv5FF">climate change adaptation</a> (alongside highlighting of the importance of <a href="/facts/Climate_change_mitigation/GgkoeWMk">climate change mitigation</a>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:471" href="#fn:471">471</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:472" href="#fn:472">472</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:473" href="#fn:473">473</a></li>
<li>15 August – A study on the food impacts of a <a href="/facts/Nuclear_war/HLRLRh4F">nuclear war</a> is published. It finds that even a small-scale conflict between India and Pakistan would decrease global average <a href="/facts/Calorie/ntNMPx65">caloric production</a> by 7%, while a full-scale U.S.-Russia nuclear conflict would result in a 90% loss, killing more than 5 billion people worldwide.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:474" href="#fn:474">474</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:475" href="#fn:475">475</a></li></ul>

<ul><li>16 August – A university reports the <a href="/facts/Open-source_robotics/e6gWqKp0">release of 'Quad-SDK'</a> which may be the first <a href="/facts/Free_and_open_source_software/1cHtjLCB">open source</a> <a href="/facts/Solution_stack/rPE5Vp8c">full-stack</a> software for large <a href="/facts/Robot_locomotion/uB1kjkB4">agile</a> <a href="/facts/Legged_robot/MAjXckIf">four-legged robots</a>, compatible with the <a href="/facts/Robot_Operating_System/vWQLMAbT">ROS</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:476" href="#fn:476">476</a>[better source needed]<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:477" href="#fn:477">477</a></li>
<li>17 August
<ul><li>A report by <a href="/facts/Global_Forest_Watch/XaTf3Nxf">Global Forest Watch</a>, using new data,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:478" href="#fn:478">478</a> concludes that the amount of <a href="/facts/Deforestation/L1TNhN9p">tree cover being burned</a> has nearly doubled in the past 20 years.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:479" href="#fn:479">479</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:480" href="#fn:480">480</a></li>
<li>The <a href="/facts/Nadir_crater/2XSmwPsC">Nadir crater</a>, likely the result of a second, smaller asteroid that struck around the same time as the <a href="/facts/Chicxulub_impact/qVqCqm81">Chicxulub impact</a>, is identified and described by researchers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:481" href="#fn:481">481</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:482" href="#fn:482">482</a></li>
<li>Geologists warn that the world is "woefully <a href="/facts/Disaster_preparedness/YjGIyW91">underprepared</a>" for a <a href="/facts/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions/AwqpzdaG">massive</a> <a href="/facts/Volcano/c2M5upml">volcanic eruption</a>. They estimate a one-in-six chance of a <a href="/facts/Volcanic_explosivity_index/jN8HWRM9">magnitude seven explosion</a> in the next one hundred years.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:483" href="#fn:483">483</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:484" href="#fn:484">484</a></li>
<li>Researchers report the development of floating <a href="/facts/Artificial_photosynthesis/heXLEFYw">artificial leaves</a> for light-driven <a href="/facts/Hydrogen/BoYHjl0J">hydrogen</a> and <a href="/facts/Syngas/VfslxkIN">syngas</a> fuel production. The lightweight, flexible devices are scalable and can float on water similar to <a href="/facts/Nelumbo_nucifera/gQUJV3wG">lotus leaves</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:485" href="#fn:485">485</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:486" href="#fn:486">486</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li>18 August
<ul><li>A weak spot in the <a href="/facts/Spike_protein/UqV2Y4Lo">spike protein</a> of <a href="/facts/SARS-CoV-2/DxF8rDc1">SARS-CoV-2</a> is described by researchers, which an <a href="/facts/Antibody/MX8pdTdP">antibody</a> fragment called VH Ab6 can attach to, potentially neutralising all major <a href="/facts/COVID-19_variants/zN65y7eG">variants</a> of the virus.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:487" href="#fn:487">487</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:488" href="#fn:488">488</a> On 11 August, researchers report a single antibody, SP1-77, that could potentially neutralize all known variants of the virus via a novel mechanism, not by not preventing the virus from binding to <a href="/facts/ACE2/jCDTv3ur">ACE2</a> receptors but by blocking it from fusing with host cells' <a href="/facts/Cell_membrane/vAXSD0DT">membranes</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:489" href="#fn:489">489</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:490" href="#fn:490">490</a></li>
<li>Multiple gene editing of <a href="/facts/Soybean/reNwxvo2">soybean</a> is shown to improve <a href="/facts/Photosynthesis/TMV7w693">photosynthesis</a> and <a href="/facts/Genetically_modified_crops/vKkn4oVs">boost yields</a> by 20%.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:491" href="#fn:491">491</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:492" href="#fn:492">492</a></li>
<li>A researcher reports that the social media <a href="/facts/Mobile_security/6AhXW68J">app</a> <a href="/facts/TikTok/LC3FaCbX">TikTok</a> adds a <a href="/facts/Keylogger/DQRJfEvc">keylogger</a> to its, on iOS essentially unavoidable, in-app <a href="/facts/Mobile_browser/tKvf0bfJ">browser</a> in <a href="/facts/IOS/mK5cggH5">iOS</a>, which allows its Chinese company to gather, for example, passwords, credit card details, and everything else that is typed into websites opened from taps on any external links within the app. Shortly after the report, the company claims such capabilities are only used for <a href="/facts/Debugging/QtdpPJT0">debugging</a>-types of purposes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:493" href="#fn:493">493</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:494" href="#fn:494">494</a> To date, it has <a href="/facts/Research_question/xf0vK9aV">largely not been investigated</a> which and to which extent (other) apps have capacities for such or similar data-collection.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:495" href="#fn:495">495</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:496" href="#fn:496">496</a>[additional citation(s) needed]</li>
<li>A university reports the development of an invisible <a href="/facts/Coating/fGt3R3VC">coating</a> for <a href="/facts/Fireproofing/t6MKThD7">fireproof</a> <a href="/facts/Fire_safety/uJMCXTU8">wood</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:497" href="#fn:497">497</a></li></ul></li>
<li>20 August – A <a href="/facts/Global_Burden_of_Disease_Study/atCSUCoC">GBD</a> <a href="/facts/Systematic_review/dGvq3BGx">systematic analysis</a> reports the (non)<a href="/facts/Progress/xerueoQV">progress</a> on <a href="/facts/Cancer/PVW6n1D0">cancer</a> and its causes during the 2010-19 decade, with ~44% of all cancer deaths in <a href="/facts/2019/HR1M318D">2019</a> – or ~4.5 M deaths or ~105 million lost <a href="/facts/Disability-adjusted_life_year/b3oTGHg4">DALYs</a> – <a href="/facts/List_of_causes_of_death_by_rate/KuqKAzeB">due to known clearly preventable risk factors (contributions)</a>, led by <a href="/facts/Smoking/byhnmD0X">smoking</a>, <a href="/facts/Health_effects_of_alcohol/HPE7kMw4">alcohol use</a> and <a href="/facts/Obesity/RBF9y5Vl">high BMI</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:498" href="#fn:498">498</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:499" href="#fn:499">499</a></li>
<li>22 August
<ul><li>A university reports the development of a driver <a href="/facts/Sandbox_(computer_security)/WEm2u7oG">isolation</a> framework to protect operating system kernels, primarily the <a href="/facts/Monolithic_kernel/33kvBcT9">monolithic</a> <a href="/facts/Linux_kernel/dlkduHuA">Linux kernel</a> which gets ~80,000 <a href="/facts/Commit_(version_control)/4jfSuklB">commits</a>/year to its drivers, from <a href="/facts/Bug_(computing)/I1uSXySv">defects</a> and <a href="/facts/Vulnerability_(computing)/jg0Gr71M">vulnerabilities</a> in <a href="/facts/Device_driver/rDYnHU1G">device drivers</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:500" href="#fn:500">500</a> with the Mars Research Group developers describing this lack of isolation as one of the <a href="/facts/Computer_security/7E5dIy7G">main factors</a> undermining <a href="/facts/Kernel_(operating_system)/uEj4U3Rz">kernel security</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:501" href="#fn:501">501</a></li>
<li>Scientists demonstrate that <a href="/facts/Transcranial_alternating_current_stimulation/QtyFSfUX">tACS</a> brain stimulation can, depending on the frequency, for one month improve (either) <a href="/facts/Short-term_memory/xaFod2bp">short-term memory</a> or <a href="/facts/Long-term_memory/NvxgXP2y">long-term memory</a> <a href="/facts/Brain_aging/7hFvvqf0">in 65–88-years-old people</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:502" href="#fn:502">502</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:503" href="#fn:503">503</a></li>
<li>Scientists report a so far unique and unknown feature of material <a href="/facts/Vanadium(IV)_oxide/8rluh0VT">VO2</a> – it can "remember" previous external stimuli (via structural rather than electronic states), with potential for e.g. data storage.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:504" href="#fn:504">504</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:505" href="#fn:505">505</a></li>
<li>A university reports the first successful <a href="/facts/Organ_transplantation/1jNvVJn6">transplantation</a> of an <a href="/facts/Organoid/1KxCLSMA">organoid</a> into a human, first announced on 7 July,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:506" href="#fn:506">506</a>[additional citation(s) needed] with the underlying study being published in February.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:507" href="#fn:507">507</a></li></ul></li>
<li>23 August
<ul><li>A study reports that <a href="/facts/Doppelg%C3%A4nger/rpgStIar">look-alike humans</a> have genetic similarities, sharing <a href="/facts/Face/I1PQ5YLY">genes affecting not only the face</a> but also some <a href="/facts/Phenotype/vxWXKGLj">phenotypes</a> of physique and <a href="/facts/Behavioral_genetics/w7nscvfu">behavior</a>, also indicating that (their) differences in the <a href="/facts/Epigenome/hjW9Dwgb">epigenome</a> and <a href="/facts/Microbiome/lVjQnvpm">microbiome</a> contribute <a href="/facts/Multiomics/ggUh2FdY">only modestly</a> to <a href="/facts/Human_variability/B2EaDc4n">human variability</a> in facial appearance.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:508" href="#fn:508">508</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:509" href="#fn:509">509</a></li>
<li>Researchers introduce the concept of 'false social <a href="/facts/Reality/oC1xokDB">reality</a>' and substantiate it by showing that (a sample of) <a href="/facts/Climate_change_in_the_United_States/UYznntMz">Americans</a> widely <a href="/facts/Public_opinion_on_climate_change/EskMubMR">underestimate</a> general <a href="/facts/Climate_communication/767WvJnD">public support</a> for <a href="/facts/Climate_change_mitigation/GgkoeWMk">climate change mitigation</a> policies by a large margin.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:510" href="#fn:510">510</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:511" href="#fn:511">511</a></li>
<li>A <a href="/facts/Genome-wide_association_study/qemSYa3a">genome-wide association study</a> <a href="/facts/Meta-analysis/IcfChd8z">meta-analysis</a> reports genetic factors of, the <a href="/facts/Origin_of_language/j8QkTM86">so far</a> <a href="/facts/Evolution_of_the_brain/SLm05RBx">uniquely human</a>, <a href="/facts/Neurogenetics/J8ytkBXY">language-related</a> <a href="/facts/Skill/XKyAfgBg">skills</a>, in particular factors of differences in skill-levels of five tested traits. It e.g. identified association with <a href="/facts/Neuroanatomy/VJxVXoWm">neuroanatomy</a> of a language-related brain area via <a href="/facts/Neuroimaging/dA5Cteaf">neuroimaging</a> correlation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:512" href="#fn:512">512</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:513" href="#fn:513">513</a></li></ul></li>
<li>24 August
<ul><li>The <a href="/facts/Dugong/hDeAnT8b">dugong</a> is declared extinct in China.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:514" href="#fn:514">514</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:515" href="#fn:515">515</a></li>
<li>The first rail line entirely run by <a href="/facts/Hydrail/5hsaaWah">hydrogen-powered trains</a> debuts in Germany.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:516" href="#fn:516">516</a></li></ul></li>
<li>25 August
<ul><li>The first clear evidence for <a href="/facts/Carbon_dioxide/xGzpppEp">carbon dioxide</a> in the atmosphere of an <a href="/facts/Exoplanet/zjfmqfUf">exoplanet</a> is revealed by the <a href="/facts/James_Webb_Space_Telescope/w4GAWnWX">James Webb Space Telescope</a>. The planet, <a href="/facts/WASP-39b/qm4Wkud0">WASP-39b</a>, is a <a href="/facts/Hot_Jupiter/9wSFCuxk">hot Jupiter</a> located ~700 light years from Earth.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:517" href="#fn:517">517</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:518" href="#fn:518">518</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:519" href="#fn:519">519</a></li>
<li>Researchers report the development of a highly effective <a href="/facts/CRISPR_gene_editing/nhPsllUR">CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing</a> method <a href="/facts/Gene_delivery/RwfsLxFX">without</a> expensive <a href="/facts/Viral_vector/sqkIdcqo">viral vectors</a>, enabling e.g. novel anti-cancer <a href="/facts/Chimeric_antigen_receptor_T_cell/jtvECFR6">CAR-T cell therapies</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:520" href="#fn:520">520</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:521" href="#fn:521">521</a></li></ul></li>
<li>26 August – Researchers report the development of <a href="/facts/Greenhouse/VBHMUgfM">greenhouses</a> (or <a href="/facts/Solar_module/gufbEu8n">solar modules</a>) by a startup that generate electricity from a portion of the spectrum of sunlight, allowing spectra <a href="/facts/Agrivoltaics/bnWvafVl">that interior plants use</a> to pass through.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:522" href="#fn:522">522</a></li>
<li>29 August
<ul><li>A study reports that in model animals, treatment with <a href="/facts/MTOR_inhibitors/1TsIPrLs">rapamycin</a> – which typically has negative side-effects – for a limited timespan <a href="/facts/Life_extension/uQj1vQdg">extended lifespan</a> as much as life-long administration started at the same age and that it was most effective during early adulthood.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:523" href="#fn:523">523</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:524" href="#fn:524">524</a></li>
<li>Scientists report <a href="/facts/Longevity/T1hkcquu">the key molecular mechanisms</a> of <a href="/facts/Rejuvenation/XkPNfYkA">rejuvenation</a> they found in a <a href="/facts/Comparative_genomics/fKMXJS7f">comparison of the newly presented genomes</a> of the <a href="/facts/Biological_immortality/vjf7eRPH">biologically immortal</a> <a href="/facts/Turritopsis_dohrnii/aFR6hwQm">T. dohrnii</a> and a similar but non-rejuvenating <a href="/facts/Jellyfish/oLmExpvU">jellyfish</a>, involving e.g. <a href="/facts/DNA_replication/wrU6RuR3">DNA replication</a> and <a href="/facts/DNA_repair/hsURuYYq">repair</a>, and stem cell renewal.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:525" href="#fn:525">525</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:526" href="#fn:526">526</a></li>
<li>After establishment of the <a href="/facts/Scientist_Rebellion/QRvSguD4">Scientist Rebellion</a> around March 2021, several researchers affiliated with the movement<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:527" href="#fn:527">527</a> (six overall) argue for <a href="/facts/Civil_disobedience/jaNFkCLY">civil disobedience</a> by colleagues in a commentary behind a <a href="/facts/Paywall/42qFQy1U">paywall</a>, hypothesizing that such may cause significant <a href="/facts/Public_opinion_on_climate_change/EskMubMR">pro-climate net changes of public opinion</a> due to <a href="/facts/Climate_communication/767WvJnD">"potential to cut through the myriad complexities and confusion" in the public</a>, receiving substantial coverage by <a href="/facts/Online_newspaper/MCA3yt4E">online text-based news media</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:528" href="#fn:528">528</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:529" href="#fn:529">529</a></li></ul></li>
<li>31 August
<ul><li>Scientists warn, in a <a href="/facts/Academic_publishing/WfPqsYr1">follow-up paper</a> to their 2021 study, that a third of tree species are threatened with <a href="/facts/Holocene_extinction/C1LzDDy7">extinction</a>, showing how this will significantly <a href="/facts/Biodiversity_loss/p7xI1P0G">alter</a> the world's <a href="/facts/Ecosystem/kVE8mSmR">ecosystems</a>, may negatively affect billions, and could get averted with "urgent actions".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:530" href="#fn:530">530</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:531" href="#fn:531">531</a> On 1 August, a study reports that over 60 years (1960–2019), "the global forest area <a href="/facts/Deforestation/L1TNhN9p">has declined</a> by 81.7 million ha", concluding higher income nations need to reduce <a href="/facts/International_trade/jB2m5TGX">imports</a> of tropical forest-related products and help with <a href="/facts/Forest_transition/LwIdKQph">theoretically forest-related socioeconomic development</a> and international policies.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:532" href="#fn:532">532</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:533" href="#fn:533">533</a></li>
<li>News outlets report <a href="/facts/Artificial_intelligence_art/d591uR6T">artificial intelligence art</a> has <a href="/facts/Midjourney/ETtS6Nhm">won</a> the first place in a <a href="/facts/Digital_art/6PctACPm">digital art</a> competition.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:534" href="#fn:534">534</a> Such artistic imagery is generated using input consisting of text and sometimes images, usually including parameters such as <a href="/facts/Artistic_style/zhwpj73x">artistic style</a> (<a href="/facts/Text-to-image_model/ez6APLzp">text-to-image generation</a>). Around the time, an expert concludes that "AI art is everywhere right now", with even experts not knowing what it will mean, a news outlet establishes that "AI-generated art booms" and reports about issues of copyright and automation of professional artists,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:535" href="#fn:535">535</a> a news outlet investigates how <a href="/facts/Online_communities/ssx0TapC">online communities</a> (e.g. their rules) confronted with many such artworks react,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:536" href="#fn:536">536</a> a news outlet raised concerns over <a href="/facts/Deepfake/GnXTv4uq">deepfakes</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:537" href="#fn:537">537</a> a magazine highlights possibilities of enabling "new forms of <a href="/facts/Digital_art/6PctACPm">artistic</a> expression",<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:538" href="#fn:538">538</a> an editorial notes that it may be seen as a welcome "augmentation of human capability".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:539" href="#fn:539">539</a>[additional citation(s) needed] Moreover, additional functionalities – such as enabling the use of user-provided <a href="/facts/Concept/VWB6yhQp">concepts</a> (like an object or a style) learned from few images for novel personalized art generated from the associated word/s (2 Aug)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:540" href="#fn:540">540</a> or expanding beyond the borders of artistic images in the same style (31 Aug)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:541" href="#fn:541">541</a> – are reported. On 22 August,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:542" href="#fn:542">542</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:543" href="#fn:543">543</a> <a href="/facts/Stable_Diffusion/BaXu5Vc8">Stable Diffusion</a> is released as <a href="/facts/Free_and_open_source_software/1cHtjLCB">free and open source software</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:544" href="#fn:544">544</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:545" href="#fn:545">545</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<h3>September</h3>
<ul><li>1 September
<ul><li>The James Webb Space Telescope takes its first <a href="/facts/Methods_of_detecting_exoplanets/vFIblQe9">direct images</a> of a planet beyond our Solar System. The exoplanet, <a href="/facts/HIP_65426_b/1lxI92VC">HIP 65426 b</a>, is revealed in different bands of infrared light.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:546" href="#fn:546">546</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:547" href="#fn:547">547</a></li>
<li>Neuroscientists report the discovery of the axo-ciliary <a href="/facts/Synapse/vdMRJCUn">synapse</a> – communication between <a href="/facts/Serotonin/EzY58q4a">serotonergic</a> <a href="/facts/Axon/5DCd4wLo">axons</a> and antenna-like <a href="/facts/Primary_cilia/C9l436HM">primary cilia</a> of <a href="/facts/Hippocampus_anatomy/7zqI8mXG">CA1</a> <a href="/facts/Pyramidal_cell/T8MTBq8b">pyramidal</a> <a href="/facts/Neuron/G7CyTVdH">neurons</a> that alters the neuron's <a href="/facts/Epigenetic/UfAAERcn">epigenetic</a> state in the <a href="/facts/Cell_nucleus/D7sFRa3c">nucleus</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:548" href="#fn:548">548</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:549" href="#fn:549">549</a></li>
<li>Scientists elaborate a need for an <a href="/facts/Evidence-based_policy/cHbHf97T">evidence-based</a> reform of <a href="/facts/Genetically_modified_food/FCqkvd2R">regulation</a> of <a href="/facts/Genetically_modified_crop/vKkn4oVs">genetically modified crops</a> (moving from regulation based on characteristics of the development-process <a href="/facts/Genetically_modified_food_controversies/qNGoNA7n">to</a> characteristics of the product) in a <a href="/facts/Paywall/42qFQy1U">paywalled</a> article.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:550" href="#fn:550">550</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:551" href="#fn:551">551</a></li></ul></li>
<li>2 September – A first spatiotemporal map reveals key insights about <a href="/facts/Regeneration_(biology)/DHkSrakp">axolotl brain regeneration</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:552" href="#fn:552">552</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:553" href="#fn:553">553</a></li>
<li>5 September – Researchers report the development of <a href="/facts/Remote_controlled_animal/qPsvIJN1">remote controlled</a> <a href="/facts/Cyborg/Ih2KzUEw">cyborg cockroaches</a> functional if moving to sunlight for recharging.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:554" href="#fn:554">554</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:555" href="#fn:555">555</a></li>
<li>6 September – The U.S. Department of Agriculture approves a new <a href="/facts/Blue_tomato/NY7aM8Tx">purple tomato</a>, genetically modified to alter its colour and enhance its nutritional quality.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:556" href="#fn:556">556</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:557" href="#fn:557">557</a></li>
<li>7 September – A new <a href="/facts/Malaria_vaccine/VFAbrCR7">malaria vaccine</a> developed by the University of Oxford is shown to be ~80% effective at preventing the disease.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:558" href="#fn:558">558</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:559" href="#fn:559">559</a></li>
<li>8 September – A study adds to the accumulating research indicating postexposure antiviral <a href="/facts/Therapeutic_interfering_particle/Hr7bXbSa">TIPs</a> could be an effective countermeasure that reduces <a href="/facts/Transmission_of_COVID-19/vIYgt3qG">COVID-19 transmission</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:560" href="#fn:560">560</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:561" href="#fn:561">561</a> In September, India and China approve the two first <a href="/facts/Nasal_vaccine/1B6oKQfh">nasal</a> <a href="/facts/COVID-19_vaccine/obToxWTT">COVID-19 vaccines</a> which may (as boosters)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:562" href="#fn:562">562</a> also reduce transmission<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:563" href="#fn:563">563</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:564" href="#fn:564">564</a> (sterilizing immunity).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:565" href="#fn:565">565</a></li>
<li>9 September
<ul><li>A study describes how multiple <a href="/facts/Tipping_points_in_the_climate_system/fpPR0g5I">tipping points in the climate system</a> could be triggered if global warming exceeds 1.5 °C.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:566" href="#fn:566">566</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:567" href="#fn:567">567</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:568" href="#fn:568">568</a></li>
<li>Scientists report a change in gene <a href="/facts/TKTL1/X32hFp3V">TKTL1</a> as a key <a href="/facts/Evolution_of_the_brain/SLm05RBx">factor of recent brain evolution and difference of modern humans to (other) apes and Neanderthals</a>, related to <a href="/facts/Neocortex/YEVjPgGK">neocortex</a>-<a href="/facts/Neurogenesis/XSteTv8s">neurogenesis</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:569" href="#fn:569">569</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:570" href="#fn:570">570</a> Some of the scientists reported a similar <a href="/facts/ARHGAP11B/sAv4k2F3">ARHGAP11B</a> mutation in 2016.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:571" href="#fn:571">571</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:572" href="#fn:572">572</a></li>
<li>News outlets report about a study that describes a way by which <a href="/facts/Geothermal_power/1zdrqHdU">geothermal power</a> plants could store their energy within their reservoirs for <a href="/facts/Dispatchable_generation/CkT25V8c">dispatch</a> to (better) help <a href="/facts/100%25_renewable_energy/48bvSvPd">manage intermittency of solar and wind</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:573" href="#fn:573">573</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:574" href="#fn:574">574</a></li>
<li>China reports the discovery of <a href="/facts/Changesite%E2%80%93(Y)/FrNrl6Dr">Changesite–(Y)</a>, a new mineral from lunar samples containing <a href="/facts/Helium-3/SmPC5oT3">helium-3</a>, widely seen as a potential fuel for <a href="/facts/Fusion_power/jyETSzm4">fusion reactors</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:575" href="#fn:575">575</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:576" href="#fn:576">576</a></li></ul></li>
<li>12 September – A study investigates funding allocations for <a href="/facts/Public_investment/vEFbaTCX">public investment</a> in energy <a href="/facts/Research_and_development/2h5UddUu">research, development</a> and demonstration. It provides insights about potential past impacts of drivers, that may be relevant to <a href="/facts/Public_research_and_development/XfTpJrkW">adjusting (or facilitating)</a> "investment in <a href="/facts/Sustainable_energy/EnD6dsKV">clean energy</a>" "to come close to achieving meaningful <a href="/facts/Climate_change_mitigation/GgkoeWMk">global decarbonization</a>", suggesting advancement of impactful "coopetition".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:577" href="#fn:577">577</a></li>
<li>13 September
<ul><li>A study reports results indicating <a href="/facts/COVID-19/YsUgvsaX">COVID-19</a> may significantly <a href="/facts/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes/tkmd4t16">increase risk</a> for <a href="/facts/Alzheimer%27s_disease/w7Ad6tdg">Alzheimer's disease</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:578" href="#fn:578">578</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:579" href="#fn:579">579</a> similar to prior studies about long-term impacts besides <a href="/facts/Long_COVID/9YQdUEE2">long COVID</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:580" href="#fn:580">580</a> on cardiovascular outcomes,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:581" href="#fn:581">581</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:582" href="#fn:582">582</a> diabetes,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:583" href="#fn:583">583</a> neurologic sequelae,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:584" href="#fn:584">584</a> mental health disorders,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:585" href="#fn:585">585</a> and general future mortality<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:586" href="#fn:586">586</a> after COVID-19, including specific types of sequelae less commonly seen in other viral illnesses.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:587" href="#fn:587">587</a></li>
<li>The United in Science 2022 report is published by the <a href="/facts/World_Meteorological_Organization/NWrDcKbl">WMO</a>, <a href="/facts/Executive_summary/Fd5eXcAD">summarizing</a> latest climate science-related updates and assessing recent <a href="/facts/Climate_change_mitigation/GgkoeWMk">climate change mitigation</a> <a href="/facts/Progress/xerueoQV">progress</a> as "going in the wrong direction".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:588" href="#fn:588">588</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:589" href="#fn:589">589</a></li></ul></li>
<li>14 September
<ul><li>A new <a href="/facts/Deep_learning/JLuwD3ea">deep learning</a> technique <a href="/facts/Applications_of_artificial_intelligence/tIeFJjMo">enables year-round measurements</a> of <a href="/facts/Arctic_ice_pack/M1ACdwEX">sea ice thickness in the Arctic</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:590" href="#fn:590">590</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:591" href="#fn:591">591</a></li>
<li>A research report by <a href="/facts/NewsGuard/24bnMVo1">NewsGuard</a> indicates there is a high level of <a href="/facts/Online_misinformation/L8N5r8np">online misinformation</a> delivered – to a mainly young user base – with <a href="/facts/TikTok/LC3FaCbX">TikTok</a>, whose usage is increasing.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:592" href="#fn:592">592</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:593" href="#fn:593">593</a></li>
<li>The <a href="/facts/WHO/YNN3bgug">WHO</a> joins health associations and scientists in calling for <a href="/facts/Fossil_Fuel_Non-Proliferation_Treaty_Initiative/Tb438hW9">a global fossil fuel non-proliferation treaty</a> to protect lives of current and future generations.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:594" href="#fn:594">594</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:595" href="#fn:595">595</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li>15 September
<ul><li>A <a href="/facts/Geoengineering/yo7WTpGe">geoengineering</a> plan to refreeze the North and South Poles by spraying <a href="/facts/Sulphur_dioxide/jDK1fIDs">sulphur dioxide</a> into the atmosphere, using a fleet of 125 military air-to-air refuelling tankers, is proposed by scientists.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:596" href="#fn:596">596</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:597" href="#fn:597">597</a></li>
<li>A study shows the <a href="/facts/Microbiome/lVjQnvpm">microbiome</a>, on the level of strains, co-diversified in parallel to <a href="/facts/Phylogenetics/bw4rsovt">phylogenies</a> (heritability from <a href="/facts/Human_genetic_variation/bgU0WXSf">ancestry</a>). The findings may be of relevance to microbiome interventions (such as <a href="/facts/Probiotics/gQNAN6ly">probiotics</a>) and for <a href="/facts/Personalized_medicine/rawUyWgd">adjusting therapies</a> to populations.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:598" href="#fn:598">598</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:599" href="#fn:599">599</a></li>
<li>The second largest <a href="/facts/Cryptocurrency/Rg6JAS8y">cryptocurrency</a>, <a href="/facts/Ethereum/6RfpJ46R">Ethereum</a>, switches from the <a href="/facts/Proof-of-work/GKI1LcQU">proof-of-work</a> (electricity consumption for validation) to the <a href="/facts/Proof-of-stake/92d8b2Qp">proof-of-stake</a> (staked holdings for validation) <a href="/facts/Blockchain/8H43GgWy">algorithm</a>, which cuts its large respective electricity consumption.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:600" href="#fn:600">600</a></li>
<li>Researchers describe a way by which the aging of select <a href="/facts/Immunosenescence/lo1PQA2Q">immune</a> system <a href="/facts/T_cell/5z6PQ9UN">T cells</a> can be prevented or is slowed down, with relevance to <a href="/facts/Life_extension/uQj1vQdg">life extension</a> and making vaccines more durable.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:601" href="#fn:601">601</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:602" href="#fn:602">602</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li>19 September
<ul><li>A study indicates a substantial decline in dinosaur <a href="/facts/Biodiversity/GruakEzs">biodiversity</a> millions of years before the <a href="/facts/Cretaceous-Paleogene_extinction_event/HNyDuEcx">Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:603" href="#fn:603">603</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:604" href="#fn:604">604</a></li>
<li>Scientists report geochemical modeling results that increase confidence for the ocean of Saturn's moon <a href="/facts/Enceladus/DyWXz9jl">Enceladus being habitable or meeting abiogenesis-requirements</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:605" href="#fn:605">605</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:606" href="#fn:606">606</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li>20 September – Scientists who reported the earliest known <a href="/facts/Interstellar_object/qo0Rr0Q7">interstellar object</a>, <a href="/facts/CNEOS_2014-01-08/uL4G8VwS">CNEOS 2014-01-08</a>, and members of <a href="/facts/Avi_Loeb/Va56EKEV">The Galileo Project</a>, report the discovery of an additional candidate interstellar meteor, <a href="/facts/CNEOS_2017-03-09/qo0Rr0Q7">CNEOS 2017-03-09</a>, in a <a href="/facts/Preprint/ryoUUpCg">preprint</a> using the same fireball catalog. They find that the implied material strength of the two objects suggests that interstellar meteors "come from a population with material strength characteristically higher than meteors originating from within the solar system".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:607" href="#fn:607">607</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:608" href="#fn:608">608</a></li>
<li>21 September – Engineers report the development of autonomous 3D-printing <a href="/facts/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicle_applications/H65Ppgg7">drones</a> <a href="/facts/Construction_3D_printing/YMo2Ylxq">for construction and repair</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:609" href="#fn:609">609</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:610" href="#fn:610">610</a></li>
<li>22 September
<ul><li>Nanoengineers report the development of biocompatible <a href="/facts/Microalgae/CRf3EKk9">microalgae</a> <a href="/facts/Biohybrid_microswimmer/ty04SQ4o">hybrid microrobots</a> for <a href="/facts/Targeted_drug_delivery/cRjKKv6l">active drug-delivery</a> in the lungs (22 Sep.) and the gastrointestinal tract (GT) (28 Sep.). The <a href="/facts/Microrobot/1o9eg66U">microrobots</a> are related to <a href="/facts/Nanobiotechnology/ScXT4ygG">medical nanobots</a> and proved effective in tests with mice.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:611" href="#fn:611">611</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:612" href="#fn:612">612</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:613" href="#fn:613">613</a> A separate team reports the development of 'RoboCap', a robotic <a href="/facts/Drug_delivery/vDfboXeT">drug delivery</a> capsule that enhances drug absorption by tunneling through the <a href="/facts/Intestinal_mucosal_barrier/2xRUUfrd">mucus layer</a> in the GT (28 Sep.).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:614" href="#fn:614">614</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:615" href="#fn:615">615</a></li>
<li>Around September, news outlets report about deployment, research and development of novel <a href="/facts/Military_technology/prfeC3v2">military drone technology</a> in the <a href="/facts/Russo-Ukrainian_War/kE7cHvoQ">Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022</a>, including <a href="/facts/Demining/zUmr75SS">demining drones</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:616" href="#fn:616">616</a> self-repurposed commercial/hobby drones<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:617" href="#fn:617">617</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:618" href="#fn:618">618</a> (including via a <a href="/facts/Hackathon/BqwMoH8j">hackathon</a>),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:619" href="#fn:619">619</a>[better source needed]<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:620" href="#fn:620">620</a> reconnaissance microdrones,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:621" href="#fn:621">621</a> <a href="/facts/Kamikaze_drone/gQ87K6dl">kamikaze drones</a>, bomb-dropping modified drones,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:622" href="#fn:622">622</a> and <a href="/facts/Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle/eueGXJxK">countermeasures</a> such as <a href="/facts/Electronic_warfare/c6XGz9y0">electronic ones</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:623" href="#fn:623">623</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:624" href="#fn:624">624</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:625" href="#fn:625">625</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:626" href="#fn:626">626</a></li>
<li>Scientists caution about potential <a href="/facts/Spillover_infection/0wsoX5hN">spillover</a> of bat <a href="/facts/Sarbecovirus/D50vNUYU">sarbecovirus</a> Khosta-2 <a href="/facts/Universal_coronavirus_vaccine/osf1nE6j">resistant</a> to <a href="/facts/COVID-19_vaccine/obToxWTT">COVID-19 vaccines</a> and also using <a href="/facts/ACE2/jCDTv3ur">ACE2</a>, suggesting it or something like it could <a href="/facts/Recombinant_virus/f4c6r0U2">recombine</a> with <a href="/facts/SARS-CoV-2/DxF8rDc1">SARS-CoV-2</a> as <a href="/facts/Pandemic_prevention/wvRq6uGK">a new threat</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:627" href="#fn:627">627</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:628" href="#fn:628">628</a></li></ul></li>
<li>23 September – Astronomers report that GJ 1252b, an Earth-sized planet orbiting an <a href="/facts/Stellar_classification/dYrIuK9H">M-class red dwarf</a>, appears to have no atmosphere, which may reduce the chances of <a href="/facts/Abiogenesis/BvAmLPQP">life emerging</a> in such systems.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:629" href="#fn:629">629</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:630" href="#fn:630">630</a></li>
<li>26 September
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Jupiter/95m7XjMT">Jupiter</a> makes its closest approach to <a href="/facts/Earth/HLLmDfj0">Earth</a> since <a href="/facts/1963/IAgXNXRm">1963</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:631" href="#fn:631">631</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA's</a> <a href="/facts/Double_Asteroid_Redirection_Test/WgDRAuqE">DART</a> crashes into the asteroid <a href="/facts/Dimorphos/rEx6zIxn">Dimorphos</a> in a first test of potential <a href="/facts/Asteroid_impact_avoidance/VafHAlfG">planetary defense</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:632" href="#fn:632">632</a> Success of path alteration is reported on 11 October.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:633" href="#fn:633">633</a></li>
<li>A study invalidates the common <a href="/facts/Argument/1K1e3Xg4">argument</a> as is for high <a href="/facts/Medication_costs/asuD2SAd">medication costs</a> that research and development investments are reflected in and necessitate the treatment costs, finding no correlation for <a href="/facts/Cost_of_drug_development/I3Q1Uv0S">investments in drugs</a> (for cases where transparency was sufficient) and their costs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:634" href="#fn:634">634</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:635" href="#fn:635">635</a></li>
<li>News outlets report, based on <a href="/facts/CDC/EAsbo0ws">CDC</a> reports and health officials, that the <a href="/facts/2022_monkeypox_outbreak/sgfXKw0T">2022 monkeypox outbreak</a> appears to be receding and/or passed a peak while also reporting that its elimination within the U.S. and globally is unlikely (or the outbreak being "far from finished").<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:636" href="#fn:636">636</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:637" href="#fn:637">637</a></li></ul></li>
<li>27 September – A study finds that drinking two to three cups of ground, instant, or decaffeinated <a href="/facts/Coffee/Q4Ko2C7I">coffee</a> each day <a href="/facts/Health_effects_of_coffee/Q4Ko2C7I">is associated</a> with a <a href="/facts/Life_extension/uQj1vQdg">longer lifespan</a> and lower risk of cardiovascular disease compared with avoiding coffee.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:638" href="#fn:638">638</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:639" href="#fn:639">639</a></li>
<li>28 September
<ul><li>A breakthrough in treating <a href="/facts/Alzheimer%27s_disease/w7Ad6tdg">Alzheimer's disease</a> is reported by pharmaceutical companies <a href="/facts/Eisai_(company)/0Jdj4JJI">Eisai</a> and <a href="/facts/Biogen/r1ADzXuM">Biogen</a>, using a drug called <a href="/facts/Lecanemab/W9V2qbX4">lecanemab</a>, which is designed to remove <a href="/facts/Amyloid_beta/QkXy91f9">beta-amyloid proteins</a> from the brain.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:640" href="#fn:640">640</a></li>
<li>A study indicates <a href="/facts/Cancer/PVW6n1D0">cancer</a> risk from chronic <a href="/facts/Circadian_rhythm/rwQh0ClJ">circadian disruption</a> is caused via body-temperature-related <a href="/facts/HSF1/7QTPE6t9">heat shock factor 1</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:641" href="#fn:641">641</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:642" href="#fn:642">642</a></li>
<li>Researchers report the discovery of hemoglycin, the first <a href="/facts/Space_polymer/eF32E50K">space polymer</a> of <a href="/facts/Amino_acid/WDxYwBny">amino acids</a> found in <a href="/facts/Meteorites/NsmHlBlX">meteorites</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:643" href="#fn:643">643</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:644" href="#fn:644">644</a></li></ul></li>
<li>29 September
<ul><li>In two studies, scientists report a novel way of <a href="/facts/Cancer_screening/yPeRvUsu">cancer screening</a> – detecting tumor-associated <a href="/facts/Mycobiome/yhajkIoc">mycobiomes</a>. It could be used in synergy with other <a href="/facts/Biomarker/nk2LgXtq">biomarkers</a> such as of <a href="/facts/Microbiome/lVjQnvpm">bacterial microbiomes</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:645" href="#fn:645">645</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:646" href="#fn:646">646</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:647" href="#fn:647">647</a></li>
<li>A study estimates the <a href="/facts/Climate_justice/vFleWHhU">disproportionality of drivers</a> of <a href="/facts/Climate_change_mitigation/GgkoeWMk">climate change</a> by wealth and concludes that to total emissions, investments of the global top 1% are far <a href="/facts/Sustainable_lifestyle/q63zn1Cj">more important than their consumption</a> and that the pollution gap is larger within countries than between countries.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:648" href="#fn:648">648</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:649" href="#fn:649">649</a></li>
<li>A study adds to the accumulating research showing that oil and gas industry <a href="/facts/Methane_emissions/IrclnYfB">methane emissions</a> are much larger than thought.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:650" href="#fn:650">650</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:651" href="#fn:651">651</a></li></ul></li>
<li>30 September
<ul><li>The discovery of "super neurons" in the <a href="/facts/Entorhinal_cortex/uRSa4Ld1">entorhinal cortex</a> of people <a href="/facts/Brain_aging/7hFvvqf0">over age 80</a> who show exceptional episodic memory is reported.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:652" href="#fn:652">652</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:653" href="#fn:653">653</a></li>
<li>Scientists caution about <a href="/facts/Pandemic_prevention/wvRq6uGK">potential</a> future <a href="/facts/Spillover_infection/0wsoX5hN">spillover</a> of <a href="/facts/Deltaarterivirus_hemfev/MYYng0dg">SHFV</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:654" href="#fn:654">654</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:655" href="#fn:655">655</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<h3>October</h3>

<ul><li>1 October – A new simulation by NASA finds that the <a href="/facts/Moon/zKHqEMPb">Moon</a> likely <a href="/facts/Giant-impact_hypothesis/x2cw2Xxn">formed</a> within a matter of hours, as opposed to earlier theories that proposed a much longer period of months or years.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:656" href="#fn:656">656</a></li>
<li>4 October – <a href="/facts/Edmonton_Police_Service/4dRtI33x">Edmonton Police Service</a> reports the use of <a href="/facts/DNA_phenotyping/Y8B4qvF8">DNA phenotyping</a> to generate 3D <a href="/facts/Face/I1PQ5YLY">facial</a> images of <a href="/facts/Suspect/6WzuHQvX">crime suspects</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:657" href="#fn:657">657</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:658" href="#fn:658">658</a></li></ul>

<ul><li>5 October
<ul><li><a href="/facts/The_New_York_Times/T9marWVX">The New York Times</a> summarizes those awarded <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize/3z1Y3oFL">Nobel Prizes</a> in the <a href="/facts/Sciences/IJoaD7rs">Sciences</a> for the year 2022:
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine/rlnpJX84">Physiology or Medicine</a> (October 3): <a href="/facts/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo/HSRqEmdb">Svante Pääbo</a> for discoveries involving <a href="/facts/Genome/31Sm08JT">genomes</a> of <a href="/facts/Human_evolution/DNzlDyKe">extinct hominins</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics/o6w1nCbr">Physics</a> (October 4): <a href="/facts/Alain_Aspect/03n8MHjT">Alain Aspect</a>, <a href="/facts/John_F._Clauser/o6CjMy76">John F. Clauser</a> and <a href="/facts/Anton_Zeilinger/bJoKANHh">Anton Zeilinger</a> for work in <a href="/facts/Quantum_technology/cp14mdhq">quantum technology</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry/8Nb8Ajjy">Chemistry</a> (October 5): <a href="/facts/Carolyn_R._Bertozzi/qjNmBAxg">Carolyn R. Bertozzi</a>, <a href="/facts/Morten_Meldal/AdD9BGfY">Morten Meldal</a> and <a href="/facts/K._Barry_Sharpless/yV32KFUn">K. Barry Sharpless</a> for studies on <a href="/facts/Click_chemistry/DzX03jLU">click chemistry</a> and <a href="/facts/Bioorthogonal_chemistry/ymFknJQC">bioorthogonal chemistry</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:659" href="#fn:659">659</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Scientists report the discovery of ongoing <a href="/facts/Mitochondrial_DNA/goC0ex0X">transfer of mitochondrial DNA into DNA in the cell nucleus</a>. Previously, <a href="/facts/NUMT/ydFD6Sg5">nuclear-mitochondrial segments</a> (NUMT) were thought to have arisen only long ago. 66 thousand <a href="/facts/Whole_genome_sequencing/WNuHaU2K">whole-genome sequences</a> indicate this currently occurs as frequent as once in every ~4,000 human births.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:660" href="#fn:660">660</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:661" href="#fn:661">661</a></li>
<li>Researchers outline the large potentials and benefits of <a href="/facts/Algaculture/pWK5XI1f">marine algae-based aquaculture</a> for the development of a future <a href="/facts/Healthy_diet/sjJBXc4l">healthy</a> and <a href="/facts/Sustainable_food_system/KCu4BxI9">sustainable food system</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:662" href="#fn:662">662</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:663" href="#fn:663">663</a></li>
<li>Scientists demonstrate the use of <a href="/facts/Cerebral_organoid/oKwBoxkg">organoids</a> for the <a href="/facts/Development_of_the_nervous_system_in_humans/TV47Sv29">study of brain development</a>, identifying and investigating genetic switches that have a significant impact on it using single-cell <a href="/facts/Transcriptome/h6CC0sR5">transcriptome</a> readouts.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:664" href="#fn:664">664</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:665" href="#fn:665">665</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li>6 October
<ul><li>An <a href="/facts/Free_and_open_source_software/1cHtjLCB">open source</a> platform to match genomically profiled cancer patients to <a href="/facts/Precision_medicine/qkzxGqXz">precision medicine</a> drug <a href="/facts/Clinical_trial/q8LMr832">trials</a> is reported.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:666" href="#fn:666">666</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:667" href="#fn:667">667</a></li>
<li>Neuroscientists report <a href="/facts/Prefrontal_cortex/dypYIrwx">PFC</a>-<a href="/facts/Habenula/GBwpUMDo">Hb</a> <a href="/facts/Connectome/X5tjEwwl">connectivity</a> <a href="/facts/White_matter/mvHqXJYk">white matter</a> impairment in both <a href="/facts/Cocaine_addiction/z5YAhpIM">cocaine</a> and <a href="/facts/Heroin_addiction/WVGM7I24">heroin</a> <a href="/facts/Addiction/76UrWQuT">addiction</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:668" href="#fn:668">668</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:669" href="#fn:669">669</a></li></ul></li>
<li>7 October
<ul><li>News outlets report about a study published on 28 September theorizing that the <a href="/facts/Amasia_(continent)/bXwuSTPc">supercontinent Amasia</a> will form within 300 million years when the <a href="/facts/Pacific_Ocean/bdxgXRVM">Pacific Ocean</a> closes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:670" href="#fn:670">670</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:671" href="#fn:671">671</a></li>
<li>Neuroscientists report experimental <a href="/facts/Magnetic_resonance_imaging/Vh9yG9qq">MRI</a> results that so far appear to imply nuclear proton <a href="/facts/Spin_(physics)/4Jvp7e8P">spins</a> of 'brain water' in the <a href="/facts/Brain/EKla9NkJ">brain</a> were <a href="/facts/Quantum_entanglement/afzslwN0">entangled</a>, suggesting <a href="/facts/Cognition/ga0tSBul">brain functions</a> that operate non-classically which may support <a href="/facts/Quantum_mind/C5SWprNI">quantum mechanisms being involved</a> in <a href="/facts/Consciousness/IAxmgt6c">consciousness</a> as the signal pattern declined when human participants fell asleep.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:672" href="#fn:672">672</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:673" href="#fn:673">673</a></li></ul></li>
<li>8 October – Researchers report recommendations concerning <a href="/facts/Potential_cultural_impact_of_extraterrestrial_contact/xEReU8k9">potential geopolitical implications</a> of potential future <a href="/facts/Technosignature/W4r04wyg">information</a> about or from <a href="/facts/Search_for_extraterrestrial_intelligence/dh8h2HNn">extraterrestrial intelligence</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:674" href="#fn:674">674</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:675" href="#fn:675">675</a></li></ul>

<ul><li>12 October
<ul><li>Researchers report successful transplantation of <a href="/facts/Cerebral_organoid/oKwBoxkg">human brain tissue organoids</a> <a href="/facts/Chimera_(genetics)/xs4NDyLP">into</a> baby rats. Such research could eventually <a href="/facts/Scientific_controversy/35aSQgPp">controversially</a> raise <a href="/facts/Neuroethics/Tx8zE1Ey">ethical</a> issues relating to <a href="/facts/Human_intelligence/vgHXwLNL">(non-)human intelligence/consciousness/welfare</a> and be used to model <a href="/facts/Development_of_the_nervous_system_in_humans/TV47Sv29">human brain development</a> and, as demonstrated, to investigate diseases (and their potential therapies). Unlike in other recent studies, the tissues appeared to be highly functional, to mature and to integrate with the rat brain.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:676" href="#fn:676">676</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:677" href="#fn:677">677</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:678" href="#fn:678">678</a></li>
<li>A study reports that in a <a href="/facts/Cohort_study/Ba0HaJef">cohort</a> of symptomatically infected, 46% had only partially recovered after 12 months, that <a href="/facts/Asymptomatic_infection/pDMbLm8M">asymptomatic infection</a> was not associated with adverse outcomes of <a href="/facts/Long_COVID/9YQdUEE2">long COVID</a> and that <a href="/facts/COVID-19_vaccine/obToxWTT">vaccination</a> was associated with reduced risk of seven long-term symptoms.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:679" href="#fn:679">679</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:680" href="#fn:680">680</a> A <a href="/facts/Meta-analysis/IcfChd8z">meta-analysis</a> published on the same day reports substantial <a href="/facts/Exercise_intolerance/IPWLfqs6">exercise intolerance</a> more than 3 months after infection in long COVID-19 patients. It notes that <a href="/facts/Post-exertional_malaise/8XAfqAgX">post-exertional malaise</a> has been reported in long COVID-19 similar to <a href="/facts/Chronic_fatigue_syndrome/UwTEusF5">CFS</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:681" href="#fn:681">681</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:682" href="#fn:682">682</a></li></ul></li>
<li>13 October
<ul><li>A novel <a href="/facts/Synthetic_biology/rHSNe8j3">synthetic biology</a>-based process for <a href="/facts/Plastic_recycling/uk9fne5K">recycling of plastics mixtures</a> is presented.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:683" href="#fn:683">683</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:684" href="#fn:684">684</a></li>
<li>Scientists report that in some cases, some apparently <a href="/facts/Senescent_cell/w6f0gfrB">senescent cells</a> – which are targeted by anti-aging <a href="/facts/Senolytics/nFFgDAKT">senolytics</a> – are required for regeneration.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:685" href="#fn:685">685</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:686" href="#fn:686">686</a></li></ul></li>
<li>14 October – Scientists from <a href="/facts/Boston_University/Vcyr2qAh">Boston University</a> publish unauthorized (but legal) research on <a href="/facts/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant/N6u1sGPt">SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 Omicron</a> via creation of a highly transmissible <a href="/facts/Recombinant_virus/f4c6r0U2">recombinant virus</a> as a <a href="/facts/Preprint/ryoUUpCg">preprint</a>, described by "many" but not all as "irresponsible <a href="/facts/Gain-of-function_research/X7aBzabH">gain-of-function</a>" research.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:687" href="#fn:687">687</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:688" href="#fn:688">688</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:689" href="#fn:689">689</a></li>
<li>18 October – A study indicates there has been a substantial increase of <a href="/facts/Sentiment_analysis/QRdywf6g">sentiment</a> negativity and decrease of emotional neutrality in <a href="/facts/Headline/Lj8cwQh3">headlines</a> across written popular <a href="/facts/News_media/8vaYSAVC">news media</a> since 2000.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:690" href="#fn:690">690</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:691" href="#fn:691">691</a></li>
<li>19 October – A novel type of effective <a href="/facts/Hydrogen_economy/TNdU0eR2">hydrogen</a> <a href="/facts/Hydrogen_storage/KPqx6qNG">storage</a> using readily available salts is reported.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:692" href="#fn:692">692</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:693" href="#fn:693">693</a></li>
<li>20 October
<ul><li>A study of <a href="/facts/Papah%C4%81naumoku%C4%81kea_Marine_National_Monument/aIjF0FTp">PNMN</a>, the world's largest <a href="/facts/Marine_protected_area/opJ0gavz">no-fishing zone</a>, finds a "spillover benefit" for migratory species like <a href="/facts/Bigeye_tuna/8fD0dUQY">bigeye</a> and <a href="/facts/Yellowfin_tuna/eSVpmlG0">yellowfin tuna</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:694" href="#fn:694">694</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:695" href="#fn:695">695</a></li>
<li>The first data transmission to exceed 1 <a href="/facts/Petabit/n45aTGHt">petabit</a> per second (Pbit/s) using only a single laser and a single optical chip is demonstrated by European researchers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:696" href="#fn:696">696</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:697" href="#fn:697">697</a></li></ul></li>
<li>21 October – News outlets report about a novel <a href="/facts/Agricultural_robot/q1h03BId">agricultural robot</a> for viable <a href="/facts/Weed_control/CYsIbbD3">weed control</a> <a href="/facts/Agricultural_technology/LyNtscIf">using lasers</a> or "laserweeding".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:698" href="#fn:698">698</a> There are similar <a href="/facts/Precision_agriculture/gFFSu5tB">precision agriculture</a> machines that have been reported before, also e.g. applying low amounts of herbicides and fertilizers with precision while <a href="/facts/Digital_agriculture/aY9FtyzI">mapping plant locations</a>, in some cases autonomously.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:699" href="#fn:699">699</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:700" href="#fn:700">700</a> Their benefits may include "healthier crops and <a href="/facts/Soil_conservation/RYDhrG3r">soil</a>, <a href="/facts/Pesticide/Uhf4KnwJ">decreased herbicide use</a>, and reduced chemical and labor costs".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:701" href="#fn:701">701</a></li>
<li>24 October
<ul><li>The <a href="/facts/NHS/lTzheqYw">NHS</a> launches 'Our Future Health', one of the world's largest health and genetic data gathering projects, aimed at building a long-term repository of information for researchers. Five million UK adults are invited to participate.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:702" href="#fn:702">702</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:703" href="#fn:703">703</a></li>
<li>"Hybrid viral particles (HVPs)" are reported, <a href="/facts/Coinfection/EhqK4Uqf">combining</a> <a href="/facts/Influenza_A_virus/bKMeST8Q">IAV</a> and <a href="/facts/Respiratory_syncytial_virus/ckD64j8a">RSV</a> <a href="/facts/In_vitro/evp3hAX6">in vitro</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:704" href="#fn:704">704</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:705" href="#fn:705">705</a></li></ul></li>
<li>25 October – A comprehensive annually scheduled study finds <a href="/facts/Climate_change/rEN4BDE7">climate change</a> is "<a href="/facts/Effects_of_climate_change_on_human_health/11Xmvu7N">undermining</a> every dimension of <a href="/facts/Global_health/kIo4zSIt">global</a> <a href="/facts/Health/yzPVrjTs">health</a> monitored" and reports dire conclusions from <a href="/facts/Climate_change_mitigation/GgkoeWMk">tracking of impact indicators</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:706" href="#fn:706">706</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:707" href="#fn:707">707</a></li>
<li>26 October
<ul><li>In two studies, scientists report findings about <a href="/facts/Cancer_epigenetics/cgmeJMGf">the role</a> of <a href="/facts/Epigenetics/UfAAERcn">epigenetics</a> – which is shaped during lifetime – in <a href="/facts/Colorectal_cancer/nV592sW7">colorectal</a> <a href="/facts/Cancer/PVW6n1D0">cancer</a>, including that it is a major component of how an individual tumor varies and findings about its influences on the accumulation of DNA mutations and cancer <a href="/facts/Phenotype/vxWXKGLj">phenotypes</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:708" href="#fn:708">708</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:709" href="#fn:709">709</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:710" href="#fn:710">710</a></li>
<li>At the 30th anniversary of the <a href="/facts/World_Scientists%27_Warning_to_Humanity/wImgkPpb">World Scientists' Warning to Humanity</a>, scientists conclude that "We are now at '<a href="/facts/Climate_emergency_declaration/X5anegmR">code red</a>' on planet Earth", facing a <a href="/facts/Climate_crisis/b4J1LBsB">climate emergency</a>, warning citizens and world leaders to take necessary actions with information about <a href="/facts/Climate_change_mitigation/GgkoeWMk">tracked</a> "recent climate-related disasters, assess[ed] planetary vital signs, and [...] <a href="/facts/Policy/0DtXG95q">policy</a> recommendations".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:711" href="#fn:711">711</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:712" href="#fn:712">712</a></li>
<li>A study concludes that <a href="/facts/Cosmic_radiation/uxCVdTKd">cosmic radiation</a> events in the <a href="/facts/Wood/z13NpHPl">tree-ring</a> radiocarbon record called "<a href="/facts/Miyake_event/bNIGokkD">Miyake events</a>", don't appear to be caused by the <a href="/facts/Solar_cycle/QrP4Egea">solar cycle</a> (i.e. <a href="/facts/Solar_flare/6kCvPKxD">solar flares</a>) as thought previously and have extended durations. They occurred every ~1,000 years on average and may threaten global technologies this century.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:713" href="#fn:713">713</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:714" href="#fn:714">714</a></li>
<li>A magnetical guidance system with <a href="/facts/Biohybrid_microswimmer/ty04SQ4o">engineered bacterial</a> <a href="/facts/Microbot/1o9eg66U">microbots</a> (see also 22 September above) for 'precision targeting'<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:715" href="#fn:715">715</a> is demonstrated to be effective for fighting <a href="/facts/Cancer/PVW6n1D0">cancer</a> in mice.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:716" href="#fn:716">716</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:717" href="#fn:717">717</a></li></ul></li>
<li>31 October
<ul><li>Multiple traces <a href="/facts/2022_monkeypox_outbreak/sgfXKw0T">of monkeypox</a> are <a href="/facts/Wastewater-based_epidemiology/XjwRJntK">detected in non-sewered wastewater</a> with sparse sampling from a densely populated metropolitan area in Asia.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:718" href="#fn:718">718</a>[additional citation(s) needed]</li>
<li>A new record for the longest-<a href="/facts/Embryo_cryopreservation/NCHHzn8V">frozen embryos</a> to ever result in a live birth is reported in the United States, with twins born after storage for 30 years.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:719" href="#fn:719">719</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<h3>November</h3>

<ul><li>1 November – A <a href="/facts/Pooled_analysis/GsgczV9G">pooled analysis</a> indicates that <a href="/facts/Global_health/kIo4zSIt">globally</a> over half of all preschool-aged children and over two-thirds of all nonpregnant women of reproductive age are <a href="/facts/Micronutrient_deficiency/yU7k0aus">deficient in at least one of three micronutrients</a> each. The study notes required <a href="/facts/Health_data/RFdGn3pD">data</a> is scarce and such deficiencies <a href="/facts/Nutrition_science/zyX8zDBG">can constrain</a> physical and (<a href="/facts/Development_of_the_nervous_system_in_humans/TV47Sv29">neurocognitive</a>) development and <a href="/facts/Healthy_diet/sjJBXc4l">compromise health</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:720" href="#fn:720">720</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:721" href="#fn:721">721</a></li>
<li>2 November – Scientists show that cells move faster in thicker (higher <a href="/facts/Viscosity/QLVfrdCz">viscosity</a>) fluids. Cancer cells can form memory of extracellular fluid, helping them to form distant cancerous colonies more efficiently when exposed to fluids of higher viscosities.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:722" href="#fn:722">722</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:723" href="#fn:723">723</a></li>
<li>3 November – Astronomers using the <a href="/facts/IXPE/c2gxbN3w">IXPE</a> space observatory report that <a href="/facts/4U_0142%2B61/WTUDpDwX">4U 0142+61</a>, a <a href="/facts/Magnetar/By90KFyJ">magnetar</a> found 13,000 light-years from Earth, likely has a solid surface with no atmosphere.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:724" href="#fn:724">724</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:725" href="#fn:725">725</a></li>
<li>4 November – The discovery of <a href="/facts/Gaia_BH1/kaMz7Mcs">Gaia BH1</a>, a binary system containing what is likely the <a href="/facts/List_of_nearest_known_black_holes/eMklFV0y">closest known black hole</a> to Earth, is reported by astronomers in the U.S.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:726" href="#fn:726">726</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:727" href="#fn:727">727</a></li>
<li>6–18 November – The <a href="/facts/2022_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference/mVHYuDtH">2022 United Nations Climate Change Conference</a> (COP27) on <a href="/facts/Climate_change_mitigation/GgkoeWMk">climate change mitigation</a> takes place in <a href="/facts/Sharm_el-Sheikh/EMYSPkBK">Sharm el-Sheikh</a>, Egypt.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:728" href="#fn:728">728</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:729" href="#fn:729">729</a></li>
<li>7 November
<ul><li>The first clinical trial of <a href="/facts/Artificial_cell/IWyjG4CS">laboratory-grown</a> <a href="/facts/Red_blood_cells/Kggpq8Jh">red blood cells</a> transfused into people begins.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:730" href="#fn:730">730</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:731" href="#fn:731">731</a></li>
<li>Scientists <a href="/facts/World_Scientists%27_Warning_to_Humanity/wImgkPpb">warn</a> about summarized <a href="/facts/Effects_of_climate_change_on_terrestrial_animals/06LmFzJx">effects of climate change on insects</a>, among other novel stressors,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:732" href="#fn:732">732</a> which may "drastically reduce our ability to build a sustainable future based on healthy, functional <a href="/facts/Ecosystem/kVE8mSmR">ecosystems</a>", providing several recommended mitigation options.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:733" href="#fn:733">733</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:734" href="#fn:734">734</a></li>
<li>The development of organic <a href="/facts/Artificial_neuron/TSH6nsgg">artificial neurons</a> that function <a href="/facts/Wetware_computer/Qt0rt0KC">in and with biological systems</a>, partly (see e.g. 25 Jan&1 Sep) <a href="/facts/Biomimicry/9TrIy29q">mimicking</a> <a href="/facts/Neuron/G7CyTVdH">neurons</a>' communication, is reported.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:735" href="#fn:735">735</a></li></ul></li>
<li>9 November
<ul><li><a href="/facts/IBM/QszA7nwd">IBM</a> unveils its 433-<a href="/facts/Qubit/WveeEubw">qubit</a> 'Osprey' quantum processor, the successor to its <a href="/facts/IBM_Eagle/srDVgkM0">Eagle</a> system.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:736" href="#fn:736">736</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:737" href="#fn:737">737</a></li>
<li>A study shows that 50+ aged users of the dietary program <a href="/facts/Supplemental_Nutrition_Assistance_Program/Wz21NjAe">SNAP</a> "had about 2 fewer years of <a href="/facts/Brain_aging/7hFvvqf0">cognitive aging</a> over a 10-year period compared with non-users" despite it having nearly no conditions for the <a href="/facts/Sustainable_food_system/KCu4BxI9">sustainability</a> and <a href="/facts/Healthy_diet/sjJBXc4l">healthiness</a> of the food products purchased with the <a href="/facts/Coupon/NChtYpBt">coupons</a> (or coupon-credits).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:738" href="#fn:738">738</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:739" href="#fn:739">739</a></li></ul></li>
<li>10 November
<ul><li>A study describes how one may eventually be able to detect (distinguish) <a href="/facts/Wormhole/VtlJwany">wormholes</a>, suggesting they may have never been observed because they appear very similar to <a href="/facts/Black_hole/1r2lmkcF">black holes</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:740" href="#fn:740">740</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:741" href="#fn:741">741</a></li>
<li>Notable <a href="/facts/Software_development/UUfsAaYY">software developments</a>:
<ul><li>After domain seizures of <a href="/facts/Z-Library/TCPVK8qq">Z-Library</a> by <a href="/facts/Intellectual_property/PqHW9mVP">copyright</a> law enforcement and moves toward <a href="/facts/Dark_web/A40ffCpy">dark web</a> and <a href="/facts/IPFS/VUhdLRdm">IPFS</a> technologies by its content providers, the <a href="/facts/Free_and_open_source_software/1cHtjLCB">open source</a> <a href="/facts/Shadow_library/j4DpJeq1">shadow library</a> <a href="/facts/Metasearch_engine/cBjd7aB5">UI</a> <a href="/facts/Anna%27s_Archive/hKh4FHWM">Anna's Archive</a> – which also provides access to a full copy of Z-Library content and scientific articles – is established by a team of <a href="/facts/Archivist/80HSSCXQ">archivists</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:742" href="#fn:742">742</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:743" href="#fn:743">743</a> essentially providing the largest human book and literature <a href="/facts/Library/hvdQNTtS">library</a>.</li>
<li>News outlets report about the development of a post-editing model using <a href="/facts/GPT-3/MlKhkbSe">GPT-3</a> that improves <a href="/facts/Machine_translation/DGF3NwuI">machine translations</a> after <a href="/facts/Problem-solving/9cuLz5pH">identification of current translation problems</a> (8 Nov/25 Oct).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:744" href="#fn:744">744</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:745" href="#fn:745">745</a></li>
<li>The largest global inventory and interactive map of <a href="/facts/Climate_change_mitigation/GgkoeWMk">greenhouse gas emission sources</a> is released by <a href="/facts/Climate_TRACE/orP85bqN">Climate TRACE</a> (9 Nov).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:746" href="#fn:746">746</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:747" href="#fn:747">747</a></li>
<li>Around the <a href="/facts/Acquisition_of_Twitter_by_Elon_Musk/zegctrq4">acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk</a> (27 Oct), interest in alternatives to the site – described as "one of the world's most high-profile information ecosystems", a contemporary suboptimal <a href="/facts/Public_square/G9AhtLRh">public square</a>, and as heavily used by many journalists and <a href="/facts/News_media/8vaYSAVC">news media</a> – increases substantially. However, no alternative such as <a href="/facts/Mastodon_(social_network)/paYlaPlI">Mastodon</a>, <a href="/facts/Reddit/PAJjm63I">Reddit</a> or the <a href="/facts/Bluesky_(protocol)/dR5RtXoa">Bluesky protocol</a> was found to match its features such as ease of use to date, in terms of being able to substitute the site.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:748" href="#fn:748">748</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:749" href="#fn:749">749</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:750" href="#fn:750">750</a></li>
<li>Two studies demonstrate platform-built-in as well <a href="/facts/Web_browser/2pfyymLs">browser</a>-integrated <a href="/facts/Misinformation/L8N5r8np">misinformation mitigation</a> (11 Nov).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:751" href="#fn:751">751</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:752" href="#fn:752">752</a></li>
<li>Researchers develop <a href="/facts/Fact-checking/m00tI0II">falsity scores</a> for over 800 contemporary <a href="/facts/Elite/8ceFK8LD">elites</a> on Twitter and associated exposure scores (21 Nov).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:753" href="#fn:753">753</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:754" href="#fn:754">754</a></li>
<li>News outlets report about the first fully self-supervised <a href="/facts/Anti-money_laundering/98Gw3mgx">anti-money laundering</a> <a href="/facts/Applications_of_artificial_intelligence/tIeFJjMo">AI software</a> using contemporary suboptimal datasets, LaundroGraph (24 Nov/26 Oct).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:755" href="#fn:755">755</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li>11 November – The <a href="/facts/Global_Carbon_Project/Gjhm3fdF">Global Carbon Project</a> reports that carbon emissions in 2022 remain at record levels, with no sign of the decrease that is needed to limit <a href="/facts/Global_warming/rEN4BDE7">global warming</a> to 1.5 °C. At the current rate, the <a href="/facts/Carbon_budget/TuQURW15">carbon that can still be emitted</a> while still meeting the 1.5 °C <a href="/facts/2020s/fTnjhNJ2">global goal</a> will likely (at a 50% chance) be emitted within only around nine years.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:756" href="#fn:756">756</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:757" href="#fn:757">757</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:758" href="#fn:758">758</a></li>
<li>12 November – Astronomers, using the <a href="/facts/Hubble_Space_Telescope/NQeIf0vw">Hubble Space Telescope</a>, report the discovery of one of the most <a href="/facts/Metallicity/nhhPqbYF">metal-poor galaxies</a> known. This nearby <a href="/facts/Dwarf_galaxy/TKS7W9tA">dwarf galaxy</a>, 20 million light-years away and 1,200 light-years across, is named <a href="/facts/HIPASS_J1131%E2%80%9331/V88uyWSS">HIPASS J1131–31</a> (nicknamed the <a href="/facts/Peekaboo_galaxy/V88uyWSS">"Peekaboo" galaxy</a>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:759" href="#fn:759">759</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:760" href="#fn:760">760</a></li>
<li>14 November
<ul><li>Archaeologists report the oldest likely evidence (via heated fish teeth from a deep cave) of <a href="/facts/Control_of_fire_by_early_humans/fkuAeEAV">controlled use of fire</a> to <a href="/facts/Cooking/YWVfGWD1">cook</a> food <a href="/facts/Timeline_of_human_evolution/HKHaJTXx">by archaic humans ~780,000 years ago</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:761" href="#fn:761">761</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:762" href="#fn:762">762</a></li>
<li>After being linked to risks for obesity,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:763" href="#fn:763">763</a> mental disorders,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:764" href="#fn:764">764</a> and potentially other health issues,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:765" href="#fn:765">765</a> a study finds a likely association between (contemporary types of) outdoor <a href="/facts/Light_pollution/AD03VyzX">artificial light at night</a> and <a href="/facts/Diabetes/2xeHXbsI">diabetes</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:766" href="#fn:766">766</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:767" href="#fn:767">767</a></li></ul></li>
<li>15 November
<ul><li>A <a href="/facts/Scientific_review/zJb444sS">scientific review</a> finds that human <a href="/facts/Sperm_counts/DgsKJmyp">sperm counts</a> fell <a href="/facts/Male_infertility_crisis/1eWf2xkz">by 62% in the last 50 years and are decreasing at an accelerating rate</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:768" href="#fn:768">768</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:769" href="#fn:769">769</a> likely a result of factors such as <a href="/facts/Healthy_diet/sjJBXc4l">poor diets</a>, <a href="/facts/Endocrine_disruptor/Yk2hfnTj">endocrine disruptors</a> in prevalent products, unhealthy lifestyles and toxic <a href="/facts/Forever_chemicals/80UtnJEp">forever chemicals</a> in air and water.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:770" href="#fn:770">770</a></li>
<li>A study using <a href="/facts/Neuroimaging/dA5Cteaf">neuroimaging</a> identifies rapid <a href="/facts/GABA/vRTeQQUG">GABA</a> boosting as a major potential explanation-component for why <a href="/facts/Learning/lehEKRjC">learning</a> is often <a href="/facts/Development_of_the_nervous_system_in_humans/TV47Sv29">more efficient</a> in <a href="/facts/Children/GGe19I8d">children</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:771" href="#fn:771">771</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:772" href="#fn:772">772</a></li>
<li>Scientists report <a href="/facts/Leprosy/FSjTpMEB">leprosy</a>-causing bacteria viably <a href="/facts/Regeneration_in_humans/Y4mgAA3u">regenerate and rejuvenate the liver</a> in its <a href="/facts/Armadillo/4acbwyFn">armadillos</a> hosts, which may enable novel human therapies.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:773" href="#fn:773">773</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:774" href="#fn:774">774</a></li></ul></li>
<li>16 November
<ul><li>NASA conducts the <a href="/facts/Artemis_1/X1hVaBxT">first uncrewed flight</a> of its <a href="/facts/Space_Launch_System/DbGCgH1W">Space Launch System</a> (SLS), the largest rocket in history. The onboard <a href="/facts/Orion_(spacecraft)/nh8VQRpD">Orion</a> capsule will orbit the <a href="/facts/Moon/zKHqEMPb">Moon</a> before returning to Earth, as a demonstration of planned human missions.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:775" href="#fn:775">775</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:776" href="#fn:776">776</a></li>
<li>A satellite-free <a href="/facts/GPS/DKVLnzF3">GPS</a>-alternative higher-resolution <a href="/facts/Positioning_system/bSfNnXnK">positioning system</a> using existing telecommunications networks is demonstrated, SuperGPS.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:777" href="#fn:777">777</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:778" href="#fn:778">778</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li>18 November – Researchers theorize that in many disciplines, larger <a href="/facts/Metascience/681kMttL">scientific productivity or success</a> by <a href="/facts/College_and_university_rankings/f0qNHhoe">elite universities</a> can be explained by their larger pool of available funded laborers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:779" href="#fn:779">779</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:780" href="#fn:780">780</a> A commentary notes that academic rankings don't consider where (country and institute) the respective researchers were trained (1 Dec).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:781" href="#fn:781">781</a></li>
<li>19 November – Researchers report determinants of <a href="/facts/Alertness/F1SDanRA">alertness</a> after <a href="/facts/Sleep/0bSDElWc">waking up</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:782" href="#fn:782">782</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:783" href="#fn:783">783</a></li>
<li>21 November
<ul><li>Scientists in <a href="/facts/Papua_New_Guinea/RLaVlhFC">Papua New Guinea</a> record the <a href="/facts/Black-naped_pheasant_pigeon/Xp0rBe8M">black-naped pheasant pigeon</a> for the first time in 140 years.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:784" href="#fn:784">784</a></li>
<li>A <a href="/facts/Global_Burden_of_Disease_Study/atCSUCoC">GBD study</a> reports the first <a href="/facts/Global_health/kIo4zSIt">global</a> estimates of death rates from (33) <a href="/facts/Pathogenic_bacteria/X5QcVN5j">bacterial pathogens</a>, finding such infections are <a href="/facts/List_of_causes_of_death_by_rate/KuqKAzeB">contributing to one in 8 deaths</a> (or ~7.7 million deaths), which could make it the second largest cause of death globally in 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:785" href="#fn:785">785</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:786" href="#fn:786">786</a></li>
<li>A pulsed electric field-based <a href="/facts/Shark/rh5Cotvx">shark</a> and <a href="/facts/Batoidea/4w6wfqlh">ray</a> <a href="/facts/Bycatch_mitigation/CQDBQEbN">bycatch mitigation</a> device is reported, SharkGuard.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:787" href="#fn:787">787</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:788" href="#fn:788">788</a></li></ul></li>
<li>22 November
<ul><li>The <a href="/facts/International_Bureau_of_Weights_and_Measures/tPEu4X0s">International Bureau of Weights and Measures</a> announces it will phase out the <a href="/facts/Leap_second/HQQ0X0hn">leap second</a> by 2035.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:789" href="#fn:789">789</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Photochemistry/GsXNBWon">Photochemistry</a> is confirmed on an exoplanet for the first time, as the <a href="/facts/James_Webb_Space_Telescope/w4GAWnWX">James Webb Space Telescope</a> detects a range of signatures including <a href="/facts/Sulfur_dioxide/jDK1fIDs">sulfur dioxide</a> in the atmosphere of <a href="/facts/WASP-39b/qm4Wkud0">WASP-39b</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:790" href="#fn:790">790</a></li>
<li>A <a href="/facts/Cohort_study/Ba0HaJef">cohort study</a> indicates <a href="/facts/Healthy_diet/sjJBXc4l">dietary</a> intakes of total <a href="/facts/Flavonol/cFmUlN8u">flavonols</a> – and at least <a href="/facts/Kaempferol/mLleEu8u">kaempferol</a>- and <a href="/facts/Quercetin/Ed1BP1YD">quercetin</a>-containing foods in specific – may substantially decrease decline in multiple <a href="/facts/Brain_aging/7hFvvqf0">cognitive abilities with older age</a>, showing a difference of "0.4 <a href="/facts/Cognitive_test/07ruSL1L">units</a> per decade" between 5 mg and 15 mg intakes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:791" href="#fn:791">791</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:792" href="#fn:792">792</a></li></ul></li>
<li>23 November
<ul><li>Acoustic Nanoscale Separation via Wave-pillar Excitation Resonance (ANSWER) is demonstrated as a way of separating <a href="/facts/Nanoparticles/k8kNxX4E">nanoparticles</a>, especially small <a href="/facts/Extracellular_vesicle/IbPWRG4E">extracellular vesicles</a>, from biofluids in under 10 minutes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:793" href="#fn:793">793</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:794" href="#fn:794">794</a></li>
<li>A study reports <a href="/facts/Phage/L2Ll0T3q">phages</a> have a large variety of CRISPR-Cas systems. They possibly may use them to edit hosts' genes and for competitive advantages, e.g. against rival phages.[how?] These systems could be useful for <a href="/facts/CRISPR_gene_editing/nhPsllUR">CRISPR-Cas gene editing</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:795" href="#fn:795">795</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:796" href="#fn:796">796</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:797" href="#fn:797">797</a></li>
<li>A study reports estimated contemporary prevalence and associations with <a href="/facts/Belief/HbPvkGT6">belief</a> in <a href="/facts/Witchcraft/kdbQwmBD">witchcraft</a> around the world, which (in their data) varied between 9% and 90% between <a href="/facts/Nation/ed3XkH6y">nations</a> and is still a widespread element in <a href="/facts/Reality/oC1xokDB">worldviews</a> globally. It also shows associations such as with low "innovative activity", lower <a href="/facts/Life_expectancy/uPc8bWWW">life expectancy</a> and high <a href="/facts/Religiosity/Gc19pSN0">religiosity</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:798" href="#fn:798">798</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:799" href="#fn:799">799</a></li>
<li>Geneticists report that the fastest-evolved regions of the <a href="/facts/Human_genome/VTV85pbn">human genome</a>, they call HAQERs, "rapidly diverged in an episodic burst" of <a href="/facts/Positive_selection/gHPnrflX">positive selection</a> prior to the human-<a href="/facts/Neanderthal/19rBo6ze">Neanderthal</a> split and identify over 1,500 such <a href="/facts/Evolution_of_the_brain/SLm05RBx">HAQERs that substantially distinguish humans from related other apes</a> via datasets such as of HARs and experiments that use embryonic mouse brains.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:800" href="#fn:800">800</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:801" href="#fn:801">801</a></li></ul></li>
<li>24 November
<ul><li>Promising results of therapeutic <a href="/facts/Drug_development/k34jgV4B">candidates</a> are reported:a <a href="/facts/Universal_flu_vaccine/qkWFcKjp">universal flu mRNA vaccine</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:802" href="#fn:802">802</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:803" href="#fn:803">803</a> a <a href="/facts/Clinical_trial/q8LMr832">phase 3 trialed</a> <a href="/facts/RSV_vaccine/Mm2zK2gN">RSV vaccine</a> (1 Nov),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:804" href="#fn:804">804</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:805" href="#fn:805">805</a> phase 3 trialed antibiotic <a href="/facts/Gepotidacin/ctphfwHg">gepotidacin</a> against <a href="/facts/UTI/4NwY9tL0">UTIs</a> (3 Nov),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:806" href="#fn:806">806</a>[additional citation(s) needed] phase I trialed new <a href="/facts/Antibiotic/sF1kIfxg">antibiotic</a> for <a href="/facts/Gram-negative_bacteria/S1PbVtp4">gram-negative bacteria</a> QPX9003 (20 Oct/9 Nov),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:807" href="#fn:807">807</a>[additional citation(s) needed] phase 2 trialed antibody CIS43LS against <a href="/facts/Malaria/rN3g58CX">malaria</a> (17 Nov),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:808" href="#fn:808">808</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:809" href="#fn:809">809</a> phase 2 trialed acoziborole against <a href="/facts/African_trypanosomiasis/zuvUoRKC">African sleeping sickness parasites</a> (29 Nov),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:810" href="#fn:810">810</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:811" href="#fn:811">811</a> and phase 3 trialed <a href="/facts/Lecanemab/W9V2qbX4">lecanemab</a> against <a href="/facts/Alzheimer%27s_disease/w7Ad6tdg">Alzheimer's disease</a> (29 Nov).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:812" href="#fn:812">812</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:813" href="#fn:813">813</a></li>
<li>A new <a href="/facts/CRISPR-Cas9_gene_editing/nhPsllUR">CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing</a> tool for large edits without problematic double-stranded breaks is demonstrated, PASTE.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:814" href="#fn:814">814</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:815" href="#fn:815">815</a></li></ul></li>
<li>29 November
<ul><li>Canadian mineralogists discover two new minerals, <a href="/facts/Elkinstantonite/YFdbx6Lw">Elkinstantonite</a> and <a href="/facts/Elaliite/cFoaUmWF">Elaliite</a>, on the 15-tonne <a href="/facts/El_Ali_meteorite/srH5cETo">El Ali meteorite</a> that grounded in Somalia.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:816" href="#fn:816">816</a></li>
<li>A study <a href="/facts/Electronic_health_record/0my0rktq">maps</a> common disease combinations or <a href="/facts/Multimorbidity/QzQtuagg">multimorbidity</a> patterns,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:817" href="#fn:817">817</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:818" href="#fn:818">818</a> a "growing public health problem <a href="/facts/Global_health/kIo4zSIt">worldwide</a>".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:819" href="#fn:819">819</a></li></ul></li>
<li>30 November
<ul><li>An <a href="/facts/Electrolysis/pU75nCDI">electrolysis</a> system for viable <a href="/facts/Hydrogen_economy/TNdU0eR2">hydrogen production from seawater</a> without requiring a pre-<a href="/facts/Desalination/feP0m9wS">desalination</a> process, which could make it less flexible and more costly, is reported.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:820" href="#fn:820">820</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:821" href="#fn:821">821</a></li>
<li>A study deploying protein imaging of adult mice suggests <a href="/facts/Development_of_the_nervous_system_in_humans/TV47Sv29">adult brains</a> contain, at the tips of <a href="/facts/Filopodia/wA6xunR3">filopodia</a>, many (~30% of all dendritic protrusions) "<a href="/facts/Silent_synapse/FG873KsN">silent synapses</a>" that are inactive <a href="/facts/Connectome/X5tjEwwl">until recruited</a> as part of <a href="/facts/Neural_plasticity/c0o0fvVm">neural plasticity</a> and flexible <a href="/facts/Learning/lehEKRjC">learning</a> or <a href="/facts/Memory/zucwQIEX">memories</a>, previously thought to be present mainly in the developing pre-adult brain and to die off with time.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:822" href="#fn:822">822</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:823" href="#fn:823">823</a></li>
<li>Scientists develop a quantum experiment allowing the observation of a kind of theoretical <a href="/facts/Wormhole/VtlJwany">wormhole</a> in a <a href="/facts/Sachdev%E2%80%93Ye%E2%80%93Kitaev_model/mcgvrva4">SYK</a> "baby" physical model which some, but not all, consider potentially useful for the development of <a href="/facts/Quantum_gravity/t7whBMNE">quantum gravity</a> theories.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:824" href="#fn:824">824</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:825" href="#fn:825">825</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:826" href="#fn:826">826</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<h3>December</h3>

<ul><li>1 December
<ul><li>Astronomers using the <a href="/facts/James_Webb_Space_Telescope/w4GAWnWX">James Webb Space Telescope</a> report viewing clouds, likely made of <a href="/facts/Methane/kBHneYnh">methane</a>, moving across <a href="/facts/Saturn/D54LcGJ9">Saturn</a>'s moon <a href="/facts/Titan_(moon)/lg0l9PCH">Titan</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:827" href="#fn:827">827</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:828" href="#fn:828">828</a></li>
<li>Genomic epidemiologists report results from a global survey of <a href="/facts/Antimicrobial_resistance/jsbAywgx">antimicrobial resistance</a> (AMR) via genomic <a href="/facts/Wastewater-based_epidemiology/XjwRJntK">wastewater-based epidemiology</a>, finding large regional variations, providing maps, and suggesting resistance genes are also <a href="/facts/Horizontal_gene_transfer/FPyUIsf2">passed on</a> between microbial species that are not closely related.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:829" href="#fn:829">829</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:830" href="#fn:830">830</a> On 9 December, the <a href="/facts/WHO/YNN3bgug">WHO</a>'s fifth GLASS report summarizes 2020 data on inter-national AMR, including various new features and an interactive dashboard.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:831" href="#fn:831">831</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:832" href="#fn:832">832</a></li>
<li>Scientists report the measurement of the highest <a href="/facts/Toughness/1gEIUdBu">toughness</a> ever recorded, of any material, while investigating a metallic <a href="/facts/Alloy/I7w7WQWR">alloy</a> made of <a href="/facts/Chromium/6sVk6Uu7">chromium</a>, <a href="/facts/Cobalt/gqhScEw4">cobalt</a>, and <a href="/facts/Nickel/KwMCHYRP">nickel</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:833" href="#fn:833">833</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:834" href="#fn:834">834</a></li></ul></li>
<li>4 December – Chemical engineers report a method to substantially increase conversion efficiency and reduce material costs of <a href="/facts/Hydrogen_production/wVo66xRK">green hydrogen production</a> by using sound waves during <a href="/facts/Electrolysis/pU75nCDI">electrolysis</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:835" href="#fn:835">835</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:836" href="#fn:836">836</a></li>
<li>5 December
<ul><li>Construction begins on the <a href="/facts/Square_Kilometer_Array/kU3LueER">Square Kilometer Array</a>, the largest telescope in history.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:837" href="#fn:837">837</a></li>
<li>A <a href="/facts/Scientific_review/zJb444sS">review</a> summarizes current scientific data about <a href="/facts/Cardiovascular_health/HD420nMv">cardiovascular health</a> effects of a large number of <a href="/facts/Dietary_supplement/SHXNNxaS">dietary supplements</a> and <a href="/facts/Micronutrient/nwzKuSMQ">micronutrients</a>, including with a heat map visualizing evidence quality and health impact direction of each.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:838" href="#fn:838">838</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:839" href="#fn:839">839</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Health_economics/1144ntRd">Health</a>/<a href="/facts/Ecological_economics/t2N5upyK">eco</a>-economics:
<ul><li>A study projects the costs of inaction on <a href="/facts/Physical_inactivity/b6Bp14T5">physical inactivity</a> in terms of number of cases of <a href="/facts/Preventive_healthcare/pWGlacXu">preventable</a> major <a href="/facts/Non-communicable_diseases/a3HxqDL3">NCDs</a> and <a href="/facts/Healthcare_system/LpM7ISXR">healthcare system</a> finances.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:840" href="#fn:840">840</a></li>
<li>Results of a trial investigating financial incentives for health, in particular for <a href="/facts/Weight_loss/DQE4cXw0">weight loss</a>, are reported (5 Dec).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:841" href="#fn:841">841</a></li>
<li>Researchers provide first estimates of global costs of <a href="/facts/Pollinator_decline/4Ww6Luxa">inadequate pollination</a> (14 Dec).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:842" href="#fn:842">842</a></li>
<li>Results of a trial on effects of climate change impact menu <a href="/facts/Food_label/q7tQ3zLk">labels</a> on <a href="/facts/Fast_food/LuzphkQW">fast food</a> ordering choices (27 Dec).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:843" href="#fn:843">843</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li>6 December
<ul><li>Scientists provide a mechanistic biological explanation for why <a href="/facts/Upper_respiratory_tract_infection/DL59KLz4">upper respiratory tract infections</a> are <a href="/facts/Respiratory_tract_infection/lLKXWrJf">more prevalent in the cold or winter season</a>, previously largely explained only by behavioral and environmental variations. They found <a href="/facts/Cold/8rMG6pQ1">cold exposure</a> impairs <a href="/facts/Extracellular_vesicle/IbPWRG4E">extracellular vesicle</a> (EV) swarm–mediated antiviral <a href="/facts/Immunity_(medical)/vLPpzSNL">immunity</a> in the <a href="/facts/Nose/Kv0lv34S">nose</a> – fewer EVs are secreted and they become less effective.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:844" href="#fn:844">844</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:845" href="#fn:845">845</a></li>
<li>Impossible Metals announces its first <a href="/facts/Autonomous_underwater_vehicle/2v6GNzsz">underwater robotic vehicle</a>, 'Eureka 1', has completed its first trial of selectively harvesting <a href="/facts/Polymetallic_nodule/e9RCgkFo">polymetallic nodule</a> rocks from the seabed nearly without harming the environment (as with other <a href="/facts/Seabed_mining/9MXXNg9M">seabed mining</a>) to help address the <a href="/facts/Climate_change_mitigation/GgkoeWMk">rising global need</a> for <a href="/facts/Technology-critical_element/Dh8IF7Lt">metals</a> for <a href="/facts/Renewable_energy/6Bu6IrpF">renewable energy</a> system components, mainly batteries.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:846" href="#fn:846">846</a></li>
<li>Researchers propose "significantly increasing freshwater through the <a href="/facts/Atmospheric_water_generator/5tcIUCjt">capture of humid air</a> over oceans" to address present and, especially, future <a href="/facts/Water_scarcity/YN3qIwmv">water scarcity</a>/<a href="/facts/Water_security/HpED6HUL">insecurity</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:847" href="#fn:847">847</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:848" href="#fn:848">848</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Emulate/Qv1KastD">Emulate</a> researchers assess advantages of using <a href="/facts/Organ-on-a-chip/pxRQHYHt">liver-chips</a> predicting <a href="/facts/Drug-induced_liver_injury/xbLcKPNG">drug-induced liver injury</a> which could reduce the high costs and time needed in <a href="/facts/Drug_development/k34jgV4B">drug development</a> <a href="/facts/Workflow/Ig8zvxF2">workflows</a>/<a href="/facts/Drug_pipeline/REpvhIJq">pipelines</a>, sometimes described as the <a href="/facts/Pharmaceutical_industry/5mCITYys">pharmaceutical industry</a>'s "productivity crisis".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:849" href="#fn:849">849</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:850" href="#fn:850">850</a></li></ul></li>
<li>7 December
<ul><li>Scientists report that two-million years old <a href="/facts/Genetic_material/2tTgcI0v">genetic material</a> was found in <a href="/facts/Greenland/aagXRTB7">Greenland</a>, and is currently considered the <a href="/facts/Ancient_DNA/CVKj1QhD">oldest DNA</a> discovered so far.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:851" href="#fn:851">851</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:852" href="#fn:852">852</a></li>
<li>Scientists propose a new <a href="/facts/Supergroup_(biology)/tY9B7hlw">supergroup</a> of <a href="/facts/Eukaryote/SkwyPLMA">eukaryotes</a>, termed <a href="/facts/Provora/mRHJEoep">Provora</a> – <a href="/facts/Predator/JEGdrX3f">predators</a> of other microorganisms which have been overlooked due to numerical rarity.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:853" href="#fn:853">853</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:854" href="#fn:854">854</a></li></ul></li>
<li>8 December
<ul><li>Astronomers report in a <a href="/facts/Preprint/ryoUUpCg">preprint</a> the possible detection of the earliest first stars, technically referred to as <a href="/facts/Population_III/8ur1qDRK">Population III</a> stars.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:855" href="#fn:855">855</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:856" href="#fn:856">856</a></li>
<li>In a <a href="/facts/Paywall/42qFQy1U">paywalled</a> article, American scientists propose <a href="/facts/Policy/0DtXG95q">policy</a>-based measures to reduce large <a href="/facts/Biosafety/tLqvTmWe">risks from life sciences research</a> – such as <a href="/facts/Pandemic_prevention/wvRq6uGK">pandemics through accident or misapplication</a>. <a href="/facts/Risk_management/xGhxtxdp">Risk management</a> measures may include novel <a href="/facts/Global_governance/p1rXSfES">international guidelines</a>, effective oversight, improvement of US policies to influence policies globally, and identification of gaps in <a href="/facts/Biosecurity/Q1EDEjsD">biosecurity</a> policies along with potential approaches to address them.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:857" href="#fn:857">857</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:858" href="#fn:858">858</a></li></ul></li>
<li>9 December
<ul><li>Researchers report the development of a <a href="/facts/Blood_test/zevsf3rC">blood test</a>, SOBA, for <a href="/facts/Alzheimer%27s_disease/w7Ad6tdg">Alzheimer's screening</a> via levels of toxic <a href="/facts/Amyloid_beta/QkXy91f9">amyloid beta</a> <a href="/facts/Oligomer/v7oDY8zu">oligomers</a> with <a href="/facts/Sensitivity_and_specificity/pzc9qfdz">sensitivity and specificity</a> of apparently 99%.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:859" href="#fn:859">859</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:860" href="#fn:860">860</a> On 27 December, a separate study reports another well-performing blood test to detect Alzheimer's disease via <a href="/facts/Biomarker/nk2LgXtq">biomarker</a> brain-derived <a href="/facts/Tau_protein/RpU7pquD">tau</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:861" href="#fn:861">861</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:862" href="#fn:862">862</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Life_extension/uQj1vQdg">Anti-aging</a> research:
<ul><li>A study indicates that <a href="/facts/Aging/AxL4qCW4">aging</a> shifts activity toward short genes or shorter transcript length and that this can be countered by interventions.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:863" href="#fn:863">863</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:864" href="#fn:864">864</a></li>
<li>A <a href="/facts/Paywall/42qFQy1U">paywalled</a> study reports higher percentage of <a href="/facts/Human_diet/GntDW6oo">daily energy consumption</a> of <a href="/facts/Ultra-processed_foods/WhYkcpBb">ultra-processed foods</a>, such as white bread or instant noodles, was associated <a href="/facts/Convenience_food/ayJbRMIt">with faster cognitive decline</a> in aging. Differences can be as large or larger than a 28% faster rate of global <a href="/facts/Cognitive_decline/T0MRDE9I">cognitive decline</a> (5 Dec).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:865" href="#fn:865">865</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:866" href="#fn:866">866</a></li>
<li>Scientists report that <a href="/facts/Sphingolipid/qdG4l8DQ">sphingolipids</a> accumulate in muscle <a href="/facts/Muscle_atrophy/WgJ9jhKw">during aging</a> whose genetic inhibition or <a href="/facts/Ceramide/nLdl2GCr">ceramide</a>-blockers such as <a href="/facts/Myriocin/lVQAbUhb">myriocin</a> could counteract, reducing associated <a href="/facts/Muscle_loss/dmxrL8pH">muscle loss</a> (16 Dec).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:867" href="#fn:867">867</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:868" href="#fn:868">868</a></li>
<li>By stimulating (or charging) genetically engineered <a href="/facts/C._elegans/XJVJzPn2">roundworm</a> mitochondria <a href="/facts/Optogenetics/RbYYcrr2">with light</a>, researchers show that halting the decline in <a href="/facts/Mitochondria/ErHqrdJ1">mitochondrial</a> <a href="/facts/Membrane_potential/DpNG14c7">membrane potential</a> can slow aging (30 Dec).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:869" href="#fn:869">869</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:870" href="#fn:870">870</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Researchers report the development of 3D-printed <a href="/facts/Flexible_electronics/zTSdgzXw">flexible</a> <a href="/facts/Thin-film_solar_cell/54UK9nKn">paper-thin organic photovoltaics</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:871" href="#fn:871">871</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:872" href="#fn:872">872</a></li></ul></li>
<li>12 December – Scientists describe a new method to break up so-called "<a href="/facts/Forever_chemicals/80UtnJEp">forever chemicals</a>" by infusing contaminated water with hydrogen, then blasting it with high-energy, short-wavelength ultraviolet light.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:873" href="#fn:873">873</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:874" href="#fn:874">874</a></li>
<li>13 December
<ul><li>The Newborn Genomes Programme is announced by the UK government. It will conduct <a href="/facts/Whole_genome_sequencing/WNuHaU2K">whole genome sequencing</a> of 100,000 newborns, the largest study of its kind in the world, to aid research into the diagnosis and treatment of rare genetic conditions.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:875" href="#fn:875">875</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:876" href="#fn:876">876</a></li>
<li>In a major milestone for the field, scientists at the <a href="/facts/National_Ignition_Facility/76Jz9cBW">National Ignition Facility</a> report a net energy gain in the development of <a href="/facts/Fusion_power/jyETSzm4">fusion power</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:877" href="#fn:877">877</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:878" href="#fn:878">878</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/COVID-19_pandemic/0xTsh7Ut">COVID-19 pandemic</a>: A study finds that the <a href="/facts/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant/N6u1sGPt">BQ</a> and <a href="/facts/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant/N6u1sGPt">XBB</a> subvariants of <a href="/facts/SARS-CoV-2/DxF8rDc1">SARS-CoV-2</a> are "barely susceptible to neutralization" by <a href="/facts/COVID-19_vaccine/obToxWTT">vaccines</a>, including the new <a href="/facts/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant/N6u1sGPt">Omicron</a> boosters. Key antibody drugs, <a href="/facts/Tixagevimab/cilgavimab/Ul4QAp3B">Evusheld</a> and <a href="/facts/Bebtelovimab/NLL865A5">bebtelovimab</a>, are "completely inactive" against the new subvariants. This could result in a surge of <a href="/facts/Breakthrough_infection/gh4yaEHy">breakthrough infections</a> and reinfections, according to the study team, although the vaccines hold up against severe disease.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:879" href="#fn:879">879</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:880" href="#fn:880">880</a></li>
<li>A study systematically assesses <a href="/facts/Advice_(opinion)/zTXB4tsG">advice</a> given by professional <a href="/facts/General_practitioner/nTnFHcBA">general practitioners</a>, typically in the form of verbal-only <a href="/facts/Doctor%27s_visit/nnKeepNh">consultation</a>, for <a href="/facts/Weight-loss/DQE4cXw0">weight-loss</a> to <a href="/facts/Obesity/RBF9y5Vl">obese</a> patients. They found it rarely included effective methods, was mostly generic, and was rarely tailored to patients' existing knowledge and behaviours.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:881" href="#fn:881">881</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:882" href="#fn:882">882</a></li></ul></li>
<li>14 December
<ul><li>A <a href="/facts/WHO/YNN3bgug">WHO</a> study comprehensively estimates <a href="/facts/Excess_deaths/b6JB3YSf">excess deaths</a> from the <a href="/facts/COVID-19_pandemic/0xTsh7Ut">COVID-19 pandemic</a> during 2020 and 2021, concluding ~14.8 million excess early deaths occurred, reaffirming their prior calculations from May as well as updating them, addressing criticisms. These numbers do not include measures like <a href="/facts/Years_of_potential_life_lost/Hpq1qlkg">years of potential life lost</a>, far exceed the 5.42 million officially reported deaths, may make COVID-19 2021's <a href="/facts/List_of_causes_of_death_by_rate/KuqKAzeB">leading cause of death</a>, and are similar to the ~18 million estimated by another study (see 10 Mar).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:883" href="#fn:883">883</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:884" href="#fn:884">884</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:885" href="#fn:885">885</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Microbiome/lVjQnvpm">Microbiome</a> research:
<ul><li>Researchers report the discovery of a gut–brain connection in mice that regulates <a href="/facts/Motivation/uqLMfLKq">motivation</a> for exercise and can enhance performance by augmenting <a href="/facts/Dopamine/5gNy8Xkd">dopamine</a> signalling <a href="/facts/Neurobiological_effects_of_physical_exercise/kVVntCLn">during physical activity</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:886" href="#fn:886">886</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:887" href="#fn:887">887</a></li>
<li>A microbiome-wide association study associates thirteen microbial taxa with <a href="/facts/Mood_disorder/Y0Mjq3QR">depressive</a> symptoms (6 Dec).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:888" href="#fn:888">888</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:889" href="#fn:889">889</a></li>
<li>Scientists report that and how – including <a href="/facts/Horizontal_gene_transfer/FPyUIsf2">transfer</a> of <a href="/facts/Mobile_genetic_elements/cmVCkbA7">mobile genetic elements</a> and infant diet – the maternal microbiome shapes offspring gut microbiomes as <a href="/facts/Fetal_development/VpV3S4lu">fetus</a> and infant (22 Dec).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:890" href="#fn:890">890</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:891" href="#fn:891">891</a></li></ul></li>
<li>A first global <a href="/facts/Scientific_review/zJb444sS">review</a> summarizes scarce data on a likely largely declining "<a href="/facts/Experience/1LeXy1DW">experience</a> of nature" and <a href="/facts/Nature_connectedness/Jl3l3Yuz">nature-disconnection</a> which prior studies suggest have impacts on health and proenvironmental behavior.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:892" href="#fn:892">892</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:893" href="#fn:893">893</a></li>
<li>A university reports on the first study (25 Oct) of the new <a href="/facts/Online_privacy/Fdnjfnds">privacy</a>-intrusion <a href="/facts/Web_tracking/3cdL4NmX">Web tracking</a> technique of "<a href="/facts/User_identifier/PurxNtA5">UID</a> smuggling" by the <a href="/facts/Advertising_industry/yJH6qSDM">ad industry</a>, which finds it to be prevalent and largely not mitigated by latest protection tools – such as <a href="/facts/Firefox/xez2zv8H">Firefox</a>'s tracking protection and <a href="/facts/UBlock_Origin/5LIERRTn">uBlock Origin</a> – and contributes to countermeasures.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:894" href="#fn:894">894</a></li></ul></li>
<li>15 December
<ul><li>Astronomers find that a pair of exoplanets orbiting the red dwarf star <a href="/facts/Kepler-138/hjh9cyMm">Kepler-138</a> are likely to be <a href="/facts/Ocean_world/Ml33anp6">water worlds</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:895" href="#fn:895">895</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:896" href="#fn:896">896</a></li>
<li>News reports about the development (22 Oct) in China of an edible, plant-based ink derived from food waste, which could be used in <a href="/facts/Bioprinting/89jSM0SR">3D printing</a> of scaffolds to reduce the cost of <a href="/facts/Cultured_meat/Yz3TVtEB">cultured meat</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:897" href="#fn:897">897</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:898" href="#fn:898">898</a></li>
<li>Promising results of therapeutic <a href="/facts/Drug_development/k34jgV4B">candidates</a> are reported: <a href="/facts/Phases_of_clinical_research/o8hEodVu">phase 2-trialed</a> talquetamab against <a href="/facts/Multiple_myeloma/Pp9Tt33l">multiple myeloma</a> (10&15 Dec),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:899" href="#fn:899">899</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:900" href="#fn:900">900</a> a phase 1-trialed <a href="/facts/HIV_vaccine/jnUQVkv7">HIV vaccine</a> (2 Dec),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:901" href="#fn:901">901</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:902" href="#fn:902">902</a> mice-tested Pillar[6]MaxQ against <a href="/facts/Methamphetamine/vS1jloMe">meth</a> and <a href="/facts/Fentanyl/MMD9GdD3">fentanyl</a> <a href="/facts/Drug_overdose/Jlo2AX3Y">drug overdoses</a> (15 Dec),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:903" href="#fn:903">903</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:904" href="#fn:904">904</a> first approval of a trialed <a href="/facts/Animal_vaccine/cGA7h0a7">honeybee vaccine</a> against <a href="/facts/American_foulbrood/zjVMPFeb">American foulbrood</a> (29 Dec),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:905" href="#fn:905">905</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:906" href="#fn:906">906</a> a mice-tested triple <a href="/facts/Combination_therapy/rtvKq6Pq">combination therapy</a> against <a href="/facts/Pancreatic_cancer/6h9GIInW">pancreatic cancer</a> of <a href="/facts/Immunotherapy/hgq3KQaJ">immunotherapy</a> medications undergoing trials as <a href="/facts/Monotherapy/rtvKq6Pq">monotherapies</a> (30 Dec).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:907" href="#fn:907">907</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:908" href="#fn:908">908</a></li></ul></li>
<li>19 December – A new world record <a href="/facts/Solar-cell_efficiency/Au9KQeed">solar cell efficiency</a> for a silicon-perovskite <a href="/facts/Multi-junction_solar_cell/hw0qSrCr">tandem solar cell</a> is achieved, with scientists in Germany converting 32.5% of sunlight into electrical energy.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:909" href="#fn:909">909</a></li>
<li>20 December – <a href="/facts/OpenAI/V7WVK1t4">OpenAI</a> releases Point-E, a machine learning system that can <a href="/facts/Generative_design/GJ4K7Jyk">generate</a> 3D models from text prompts (<a href="/facts/Artificial_intelligence_art/d591uR6T">text-to-3D</a>),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:910" href="#fn:910">910</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:911" href="#fn:911">911</a> similar to previously released GET3D<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:912" href="#fn:912">912</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:913" href="#fn:913">913</a> and Magic3D<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:914" href="#fn:914">914</a> by Nvidia and DreamFusion by Google.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:915" href="#fn:915">915</a></li>
<li>22 December
<ul><li>A network model analysis suggests that temporary overshoots of climate change – increasing global temperature beyond <a href="/facts/Paris_Agreement/hfIXBN1W">Paris Agreement</a> goals temporarily as often projected – can increase risks of <a href="/facts/Tipping_points_in_the_climate_system/fpPR0g5I">climate tipping cascades</a> "by up to 72%".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:916" href="#fn:916">916</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:917" href="#fn:917">917</a></li>
<li>In a <a href="/facts/Paywall/42qFQy1U">paywalled</a> article, scientists provide 3D imaging and model analysis to reveal main causes, mechanics, and potential mitigations of the problematic prevalent <a href="/facts/Lithium-ion_battery/3L22xFhB">lithium-ion battery</a> <a href="/facts/Wear_and_tear/Jd5HGq7U">degradation</a> <a href="/facts/Charge_cycle/vMWrb3q9">over charge cycles</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:918" href="#fn:918">918</a>[additional citation(s) needed]</li></ul></li>
<li>26 December – Bio- and electrical engineers prove for the first time that human <a href="/facts/Cerebral_organoid/oKwBoxkg">cerebral organoids</a> transplanted <a href="/facts/Humanized_mice/mpUDbpcv">into mice</a> (see <a href="/facts/2021_in_science/jWGfKMyf">17 Aug 21</a> and 12 Oct) functionally integrate with their visual cortex.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:919" href="#fn:919">919</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:920" href="#fn:920">920</a></li>
<li>27 December – Scientists report that a species of <a href="/facts/Halteria/uDnx4rw0">Halteria</a>, a single-celled <a href="/facts/Protozoan/JczTf25H">protozoan</a>, is the first known organism for which "<a href="/facts/Virivore/vxQgC1NT">a virus-only diet</a> ... is enough to fuel the physiological growth and even population growth".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:921" href="#fn:921">921</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:922" href="#fn:922">922</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="awards">Awards</h2>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Lists_of_science_and_technology_awards/Ad61dcj6">Lists of science and technology awards</a>
For the Nobel prizes, see § October.
<ul><li>5 July – The <a href="/facts/Fields_Medal/khFmkEnm">Fields Medal</a> in mathematics is awarded to <a href="/facts/Hugo_Duminil-Copin/vYj3cRF7">Hugo Duminil-Copin</a>, <a href="/facts/June_Huh/Kq61rldd">June Huh</a>, <a href="/facts/James_Maynard_(mathematician)/3u2VgW1h">James Maynard</a> and <a href="/facts/Maryna_Viazovska/tKNHfw3j">Maryna Viazovska</a>.[importance?]</li>
<li>2 December – Winners of the <a href="/facts/Earthshot_Prize/PGRP4lFJ">Earthshot Prize</a> are announced, established in 2021 and awarded for developments useful for international <a href="/facts/Climate_change_mitigation/GgkoeWMk">climate change mitigation</a> and <a href="/facts/Sustainability/9oYH9mAs">sustainability</a> goals.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:923" href="#fn:923">923</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="deaths">Deaths</h2>
<ul><li>18 January – Sir <a href="/facts/David_Cox_(statistician)/RM7agpV5">David Cox</a>, English statistician (b. <a href="/facts/1924_in_science/CFmNQjJJ">1924</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:924" href="#fn:924">924</a></li>
<li>15 March – <a href="/facts/Eugene_Parker/WxoeHcVp">Eugene Parker</a>, American solar and plasma physicist (b. <a href="/facts/1927_in_science/zk9YrBCk">1927</a>)</li>
<li>20 March – <a href="/facts/Wen_Shengchang/EPCYTYSN">Wen Shengchang</a>, Chinese oceanographer and member of the <a href="/facts/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences/zzHb3yVm">Chinese Academy of Sciences</a> (b. <a href="/facts/1921_in_science/jqlgdekP">1921</a>)</li>
<li>23 March – <a href="/facts/Arthur_Riggs_(geneticist)/RP8zu7wW">Arthur Riggs</a>, American geneticist (b. <a href="/facts/1939_in_science/krmaIvm6">1939</a>)</li>
<li>27 March – <a href="/facts/Martin_Pope/p1cGFcQU">Martin Pope</a>, American physical scientist (b. <a href="/facts/1918_in_science/pShT8ADH">1918</a>)</li>
<li>27 March – <a href="/facts/James_Vaupel/9Io7cPEu">James Vaupel</a>, American <a href="/facts/Demography/VktYwWUD">demographer</a> and <a href="/facts/Aging_research/YbJBsujs">aging researcher</a> (b. <a href="/facts/1945_in_science/Nb05Rd7S">1945</a>)</li>
<li>29 March – <a href="/facts/Paul_Benioff/G53CYo26">Paul Benioff</a>, American physicist of <a href="/facts/Quantum_computing/nbbcgmvq">quantum computing</a> (b. <a href="/facts/1930_in_science/5KHEm9z9">1930</a>)</li>
<li>30 March – <a href="/facts/Kenneth_Walters/EPsp8Xr6">Kenneth Walters</a>, British mathematician and rheologist (b. <a href="/facts/1934_in_science/QVectKTG">1934</a>)</li>
<li>1 April – <a href="/facts/Gerhard_J._Woeginger/beUa9kJr">Gerhard J. Woeginger</a>, Austrian mathematician.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:925" href="#fn:925">925</a></li>
<li>5 April – <a href="/facts/Sidney_Altman/5ctDERRl">Sidney Altman</a>, Canadian-American molecular biologist, <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry/8Nb8Ajjy">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (1989).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:926" href="#fn:926">926</a></li>
<li>5 April – <a href="/facts/Bjarni_Tryggvason/jmsNpuCY">Bjarni Tryggvason</a>, Icelandic-born Canadian astronaut (<a href="/facts/STS-85/ovhhu2yA">STS-85</a>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:927" href="#fn:927">927</a></li>
<li>5 April – <a href="/facts/Eelco_Visser/V6klxEKA">Eelco Visser</a>, Dutch computer scientist.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:928" href="#fn:928">928</a></li>
<li>5 April – <a href="/facts/Leslie_Young_(economist)/JQ1zp4Lw">Leslie Young</a>, New Zealand economist.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:929" href="#fn:929">929</a></li>
<li>1 May – <a href="/facts/Ray_Freeman/FBTPvUDp">Ray Freeman</a>, British chemist.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:930" href="#fn:930">930</a></li>
<li>1 May – <a href="/facts/Dominique_Lecourt/3MAbUsII">Dominique Lecourt</a>, French philosopher.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:931" href="#fn:931">931</a></li>
<li>2 May – <a href="/facts/Joseph_Raz/ukkLWV7K">Joseph Raz</a>, Israeli philosopher.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:932" href="#fn:932">932</a></li>
<li>4 May – <a href="/facts/Amanda_Claridge/ozEjDQ0X">Amanda Claridge</a>, Canadian archaeologist.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:933" href="#fn:933">933</a></li>
<li>7 May – <a href="/facts/Paul_Mellars/u3MYYj1R">Sir Paul Mellars</a>, British archaeologist.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:934" href="#fn:934">934</a></li>
<li>8 May – <a href="/facts/Harry_Dornbrand/uRaUCtCG">Harry Dornbrand</a>, American aerospace engineer.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:935" href="#fn:935">935</a></li>
<li>8 May – <a href="/facts/Zhuang_Qiaosheng/PjhEzSTx">Zhuang Qiaosheng</a>, Chinese geneticist and wheat breeder, member of the <a href="/facts/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences/zzHb3yVm">Chinese Academy of Sciences</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:936" href="#fn:936">936</a></li>
<li>9 May – <a href="/facts/John_H._Coates/P7XvMrHY">John H. Coates</a>, Australian mathematician.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:937" href="#fn:937">937</a></li>
<li>14 May – <a href="/facts/Bernard_Bigot/w2xmqLfU">Bernard Bigot</a>, French physicist and civil servant, director general of <a href="/facts/ITER/SkpWL87b">ITER</a> (b. 1950)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:938" href="#fn:938">938</a></li>
<li>9 June – <a href="/facts/Gordon_M._Shepherd/RgQomT0r">Gordon M. Shepherd</a>, American neuroscientist.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:939" href="#fn:939">939</a></li>
<li>26 July – <a href="/facts/James_Lovelock/Bv24daYe">James Lovelock</a>, English environmentalist (<a href="/facts/Gaia_hypothesis/yqLpTgaT">Gaia hypothesis</a>) and <a href="/facts/Futurist/DYr4WnmJ">futurist</a> (b. <a href="/facts/1919_in_science/1IXTj2Qm">1919</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:940" href="#fn:940">940</a></li>
<li>25 August – <a href="/facts/Kurt_Gottfried/7ysyV5ty">Kurt Gottfried</a>, Austrian-born American physicist.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:941" href="#fn:941">941</a></li>
<li>2 September – <a href="/facts/Frank_Drake/8vltNtpd">Frank Drake</a>, American astronomer and astrophysicist (<a href="/facts/Drake_equation/DkqjL3IB">Drake equation</a>), designer of the <a href="/facts/Arecibo_message/I5wby2zx">Arecibo message</a> (b. 1930)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:942" href="#fn:942">942</a></li>
<li>9 December – <a href="/facts/Ademar_Jos%C3%A9_Gevaerd/CbkY05B3">Ademar José Gevaerd</a>, Brazilian ufologist (b. 1962)</li></ul>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>

<ul><li><a href="/facts/2020s/fTnjhNJ2">2020s#Global goals and issues</a></li>
<li>Category:Science events</li>
<li>Category:Science timelines</li>
<li><a href="/facts/List_of_emerging_technologies/00drktJ6">List of emerging technologies</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/List_of_years_in_science/2HIsmEp0">List of years in science</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li> Media related to 2022 in science at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Altemose, Nicolas; et al. (1 April 2022). "Complete genomic and epigenetic maps of human centromeres". Science. 376 (6588): eabl4178. doi:10.1126/science.abl4178. PMC 9233505. PMID 35357911. S2CID 247853627. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9233505" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9233505</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Nurk, Sergey; Koren, Sergey; Rhie, Arang; Rautiainen, Mikko; et al. (April 2022). "The complete sequence of a human genome" (PDF). Science. 376 (6588): 44–53. Bibcode:2022Sci...376...44N. doi:10.1126/science.abj6987. PMC 9186530. PMID 35357919. S2CID 247854936. <a href="https://eprints.iisc.ac.in/71762/1/Sci_376-6588_44-531_2022%20.pdf" target="_blank">https://eprints.iisc.ac.in/71762/1/Sci_376-6588_44-531_2022%20.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">"Mammals' bodies outpaced their brains right after the dinosaurs died". Science News. 31 March 2022. Retrieved 14 May 2022. <a href="https://www.sciencenews.org/article/mammal-big-bodies-small-brains-dinosaur-extinction-fossils" target="_blank">https://www.sciencenews.org/article/mammal-big-bodies-small-brains-dinosaur-extinction-fossils</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">Bertrand, Ornella C.; Shelley, Sarah L.; Williamson, Thomas E.; Wible, John R.; Chester, Stephen G. B.; Flynn, John J.; Holbrook, Luke T.; Lyson, Tyler R.; Meng, Jin; Miller, Ian M.; Püschel, Hans P.; Smith, Thierry; Spaulding, Michelle; Tseng, Z. Jack; Brusatte, Stephen L. (April 2022). "Brawn before brains in placental mammals after the end-Cretaceous extinction". Science. 376 (6588): 80–85. Bibcode:2022Sci...376...80B. doi:10.1126/science.abl5584. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 35357913. S2CID 247853831. <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abl5584" target="_blank">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abl5584</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">"It's over for fossil fuels: IPCC spells out what's needed to avert climate disaster". The Guardian. 4 April 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/apr/04/its-over-for-fossil-fuels-ipcc-spells-out-whats-needed-to-avert-climate-disaster" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/apr/04/its-over-for-fossil-fuels-ipcc-spells-out-whats-needed-to-avert-climate-disaster</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">"The evidence is clear: the time for action is now. We can halve emissions by 2030". IPCC. 4 April 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022. <a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/2022/04/04/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease/" target="_blank">https://www.ipcc.ch/2022/04/04/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">"A million times faster: DNA nanotechnology could speed up pharmaceutical development while minimizing costs". Phys.org. 4 April 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2022. <a href="https://phys.org/news/2022-04-million-faster-dna-nanotechnology-pharmaceutical.html" target="_blank">https://phys.org/news/2022-04-million-faster-dna-nanotechnology-pharmaceutical.html</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Malle, Mette Galsgaard; Löffler, Philipp M. G.; Bohr, Søren S.-R.; Sletfjerding, Magnus Berg; Risgaard, Nikolaj Alexander; Jensen, Simon Bo; Zhang, Min; Hedegård, Per; Vogel, Stefan; Hatzakis, Nikos S. (May 2022). "Single-particle combinatorial multiplexed liposome fusion mediated by DNA". Nature Chemistry. 14 (5): 558–565. Bibcode:2022NatCh..14..558M. doi:10.1038/s41557-022-00912-5. ISSN 1755-4349. PMID 35379901. S2CID 247942781. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">"Alzheimer's study finds 42 more genes linked to higher risk of disease". The Guardian. 4 April 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2022. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/apr/04/alzheimers-study-finds-42-more-genes-linked-to-higher-risk-of-disease" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/apr/04/alzheimers-study-finds-42-more-genes-linked-to-higher-risk-of-disease</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Bellenguez, Céline; Küçükali, Fahri; Jansen, Iris E.; Kleineidam, Luca; et al. (April 2022). "New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias". Nature Genetics. 54 (4): 412–436. doi:10.1038/s41588-022-01024-z. ISSN 1546-1718. PMC 9005347. PMID 35379992. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9005347" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9005347</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">"Loss of neurons, not lack of sleep, makes Alzheimer's patients drowsy". University of California, San Francisco. Retrieved 15 May 2022. <a href="https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-04-loss-neurons-lack-alzheimer-patients.html" target="_blank">https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-04-loss-neurons-lack-alzheimer-patients.html</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">Oh, Jun Y.; Walsh, Christine M.; Ranasinghe, Kamalini; Mladinov, Mihovil; et al. (1 May 2022). "Subcortical Neuronal Correlates of Sleep in Neurodegenerative Diseases". JAMA Neurology. 79 (5): 498–508. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.0429. ISSN 2168-6149. PMC 8981071. PMID 35377391. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8981071" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8981071</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">"Genetic 'hotspots' that speed up and slow down brain aging could provide new targets for Alzheimer's drugs". University of Southern California. Retrieved 15 May 2022. <a href="https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-04-genetic-hotspots-brain-aging-alzheimer.html" target="_blank">https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-04-genetic-hotspots-brain-aging-alzheimer.html</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">Brouwer, Rachel M.; Klein, Marieke; Grasby, Katrina L.; Schnack, Hugo G.; et al. (April 2022). "Genetic variants associated with longitudinal changes in brain structure across the lifespan". Nature Neuroscience. 25 (4): 421–432. doi:10.1038/s41593-022-01042-4. ISSN 1546-1726. PMC 10040206. PMID 35383335. S2CID 247977288. <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359751868" target="_blank">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359751868</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">"Study: Newly developed COVID vaccine from Austria could protect against omicron and other variants". EurekAlert!. 5 April 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2022. <a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/948759" target="_blank">https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/948759</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">Gattinger, Pia; Kratzer, Bernhard; Tulaeva, Inna; Niespodziana, Katarzyna; Ohradanova-Repic, Anna; Gebetsberger, Laura; Borochova, Kristina; Garner-Spitzer, Erika; Trapin, Doris; Hofer, Gerhard; Keller, Walter; Baumgartner, Isabella; Tancevski, Ivan; Khaitov, Musa; Karaulov, Alexander; Stockinger, Hannes; Wiedermann, Ursula; Pickl, Winfried F.; Valenta, Rudolf (15 April 2022). "Vaccine based on folded RBD-PreS fusion protein with potential to induce sterilizing immunity to SARS-CoV-2 variants". Allergy. 77 (8): 2431–2445. doi:10.1111/all.15305. ISSN 0105-4538. PMC 9111473. PMID 35357709. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9111473" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9111473</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Yirka, Bob. "Predicting how soon the universe could collapse if dark energy has quintessence". phys.org. Retrieved 14 May 2022. <a href="https://phys.org/news/2022-05-universe-collapse-dark-energy-quintessence.html" target="_blank">https://phys.org/news/2022-05-universe-collapse-dark-energy-quintessence.html</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">"The universe could stop expanding 'remarkably soon', study suggests". livescience.com. 2 May 2022. Retrieved 14 May 2022. <a href="https://www.livescience.com/end-cosmic-expansion" target="_blank">https://www.livescience.com/end-cosmic-expansion</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">Andrei, Cosmin; Ijjas, Anna; Steinhardt, Paul J. (12 April 2022). "Rapidly descending dark energy and the end of cosmic expansion". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 119 (15): e2200539119. arXiv:2201.07704. Bibcode:2022PNAS..11900539A. doi:10.1073/pnas.2200539119. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 9169868. PMID 35380902. S2CID 247476377. <a href="/wiki/Paul_Steinhardt" target="_blank">/wiki/Paul_Steinhardt</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">Siraj, Amir; Loeb, Abraham (4 June 2019). "Discovery of a Meteor of Interstellar Origin". arXiv:1904.07224 [astro-ph.EP]. <a href="/wiki/Avi_Loeb" target="_blank">/wiki/Avi_Loeb</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">United States Space Command (6 April 2022). "I had the pleasure of signing a memo with @ussfspoc's Chief Scientist, Dr. Mozer, to confirm that a previously-detected interstellar object was indeed an interstellar object, a confirmation that assisted the broader astronomical community". Twitter. Retrieved 16 April 2022. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Command" target="_blank">/wiki/United_States_Space_Command</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">Roulette, Joey (15 April 2022). "Military Memo Deepens Possible Interstellar Meteor Mystery – The U.S. Space Command seemed to confirm a claim that a meteor from outside the solar system had entered Earth's atmosphere, but other scientists and NASA are still not convinced. (+ Comment)". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 April 2022. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/15/science/interstellar-meteor-debate.html#permid=117852708" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/15/science/interstellar-meteor-debate.html#permid=117852708</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">McRae, Mike (1 September 2023). "Material Found in Ocean Is Not From This Solar System, Study Claims". Archived from the original on 1 September 2023. Retrieved 1 September 2023. <a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/material-found-in-ocean-is-not-from-this-solar-system-study-claims" target="_blank">https://www.sciencealert.com/material-found-in-ocean-is-not-from-this-solar-system-study-claims</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">Loeb, Avi; et al. (29 August 2023). "Discovery of Spherules of Likely Extrasolar Composition in the Pacific Ocean Site of the CNEOS 2014-01-08 (IM1) Bolide". arXiv:2308.15623 [astro-ph.EP]. <a href="/wiki/Avi_Loeb" target="_blank">/wiki/Avi_Loeb</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:25">"Tanis: 'First dinosaur fossil linked to asteroid strike'". BBC News. 6 April 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2022. <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-61013740" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-61013740</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:920">Wilson, Madison N.; Thunemann, Martin; Liu, Xin; Lu, Yichen; Puppo, Francesca; Adams, Jason W.; Kim, Jeong-Hoon; Ramezani, Mehrdad; Pizzo, Donald P.; Djurovic, Srdjan; Andreassen, Ole A.; Mansour, Abed AlFatah; Gage, Fred H.; Muotri, Alysson R.; Devor, Anna; Kuzum, Duygu (26 December 2022). "Multimodal monitoring of human cortical organoids implanted in mice reveal functional connection with visual cortex". Nature Communications. 13 (1): 7945. Bibcode:2022NatCo..13.7945W. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-35536-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 9792589. PMID 36572698. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9792589" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9792589</a> <a href="#fnref:920" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:921">"Eating viruses can power growth, reproduction of microorganism". Nebraska Today. 3 January 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2023. <a href="https://news.unl.edu/newsrooms/today/article/eating-viruses-can-power-growth-reproduction-of-microorganism/" target="_blank">https://news.unl.edu/newsrooms/today/article/eating-viruses-can-power-growth-reproduction-of-microorganism/</a> <a href="#fnref:921" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:922">DeLong, John P.; Van Etten, James L.; Al-Ameeli, Zeina; Agarkova, Irina V.; Dunigan, David D. (3 January 2023). "The consumption of viruses returns energy to food chains". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 120 (1): e2215000120. Bibcode:2023PNAS..12015000D. doi:10.1073/pnas.2215000120. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 9910503. PMID 36574690. S2CID 255219850. <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7500012" target="_blank">https://zenodo.org/record/7500012</a> <a href="#fnref:922" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:923">"Earthshot Prize: Prince William announces five winners". BBC News. 2 December 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2023. <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-63829126" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-63829126</a> <a href="#fnref:923" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:924">"'Genius' statistician and Honorary Fellow dies aged 97". St John's College, University of Cambridge. 20 January 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2022. <a href="https://www.joh.cam.ac.uk/genius-statistician-and-honorary-fellow-dies-aged-97" target="_blank">https://www.joh.cam.ac.uk/genius-statistician-and-honorary-fellow-dies-aged-97</a> <a href="#fnref:924" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:925">"Informatik 1". algo.rwth-aachen.de. <a href="https://algo.rwth-aachen.de/" target="_blank">https://algo.rwth-aachen.de/</a> <a href="#fnref:925" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:926">Laurans, Penelope (6 April 2022). "Sidney Altman, pathbreaking scientist". YaleNews. <a href="https://news.yale.edu/2022/04/06/sidney-altman-pathbreaking-scientist" target="_blank">https://news.yale.edu/2022/04/06/sidney-altman-pathbreaking-scientist</a> <a href="#fnref:926" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:927">"Bjarni Tryggvason, one of Canada's original astronauts, dies at 76". collectSPACE.com. <a href="http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-040622a-canadian-astronaut-bjarni-tryggvason-obituary.html" target="_blank">http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-040622a-canadian-astronaut-bjarni-tryggvason-obituary.html</a> <a href="#fnref:927" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:928">"In Memoriam - Eelco Visser (1966 - 2022)". TU Delft. <a href="https://www.tudelft.nl/en/2022/eemcs/in-memoriam-eelco-visser-1966-2022" target="_blank">https://www.tudelft.nl/en/2022/eemcs/in-memoriam-eelco-visser-1966-2022</a> <a href="#fnref:928" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:929">"Professor Leslie YOUNG's Obituary (2022) The New Zealand Herald". Legacy.com. <a href="https://notices.nzherald.co.nz/nz/obituaries/nzherald-nz/name/leslie-young-obituary?pid=201813481" target="_blank">https://notices.nzherald.co.nz/nz/obituaries/nzherald-nz/name/leslie-young-obituary?pid=201813481</a> <a href="#fnref:929" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:930">University, Masaryk. "Professor Ray Freeman, one of the pioneers and giants of nuclear magnetic resonance, passed away". Czech Infrastructure for Integrative Structural Biology. <a href="https://www.ciisb.org/news/professor-ray-freeman-one-of-the-pioneers-and-giants-of-nuclear-magnetic-resonance-passed-away" target="_blank">https://www.ciisb.org/news/professor-ray-freeman-one-of-the-pioneers-and-giants-of-nuclear-magnetic-resonance-passed-away</a> <a href="#fnref:930" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:931">"Le philosophe Dominique Lecourt est mort". Le Monde.fr. 5 May 2022 – via Le Monde. <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2022/05/05/le-philosophe-dominique-lecourt-est-mort_6124889_3382.html" target="_blank">https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2022/05/05/le-philosophe-dominique-lecourt-est-mort_6124889_3382.html</a> <a href="#fnref:931" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:933">Professor Emerita Amanda Claridge <a href="https://intranet.royalholloway.ac.uk/staff/news-events/news-articles/2022/may/professor-emerita-amanda-claridge.aspx" target="_blank">https://intranet.royalholloway.ac.uk/staff/news-events/news-articles/2022/may/professor-emerita-amanda-claridge.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:933" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:941">Roberts, Sam (9 September 2022). "Kurt Gottfried, Physicist and Foe of Nuclear Weapons, Dies at 93". The New York Times – via NYTimes.com. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/09/science/kurt-gottfried-dead.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/09/science/kurt-gottfried-dead.html</a> <a href="#fnref:941" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:942">"Pioneering radio astronomer Frank Drake dies at 92". UC Santa Cruz. 2 September 2022. Retrieved 2 September 2022. <a href="https://news.ucsc.edu/2022/09/frank-drake-in-memoriam.html" target="_blank">https://news.ucsc.edu/2022/09/frank-drake-in-memoriam.html</a> <a href="#fnref:942" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

2022 in science open-in-new

2022 in science