May 20

<h2 id="events">Events</h2>
<h3>Pre-1600</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/325/svxwmjaL">325</a> – The <a href="/facts/First_Council_of_Nicaea/6lHSuWwy">First Council of Nicaea</a> is formally opened, starting the first <a href="/facts/Ecumenical_council/I9e3cFPL">ecumenical council</a> of the Christian Church.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/491/7waKzGyU">491</a> – Empress <a href="/facts/Ariadne_(empress)/xv8B7gbe">Ariadne</a> marries <a href="/facts/Anastasius_I_Dicorus/PV12nbkh">Anastasius I</a>. The widowed <a href="/facts/Augusta_(honorific)/8GsmIn6X">Augusta</a> is able to choose her successor for the <a href="/facts/Byzantine_Empire/njEELXWF">Byzantine</a> throne, after <a href="/facts/Zeno_(emperor)/AuFStWfV">Zeno</a> (late emperor) dies of <a href="/facts/Dysentery/l0yfLtg3">dysentery</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/685/TjDXqLaV">685</a> – The <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Dun_Nechtain/cxf9w0XR">Battle of Dun Nechtain</a> is fought between a <a href="/facts/Picts/Y2M50Ulj">Pictish</a> army under King <a href="/facts/Bridei_III/wBUKhkbs">Bridei III</a> and the invading <a href="/facts/Northumbrians/fkVzk6xc">Northumbrians</a> under King <a href="/facts/Ecgfrith_of_Northumbria/2ScfdFH5">Ecgfrith</a>, who are decisively defeated.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/794/AQpn187m">794</a> – While visiting the royal <a href="/facts/Mercia/pdznosKY">Mercian</a> court at <a href="/facts/Sutton_Walls_Hill_Fort/qclsGJ6h">Sutton Walls</a> with a view to marrying princess <a href="/facts/%C3%86lfthryth_of_Crowland/2qf65xUM">Ælfthryth</a>, King <a href="/facts/%C3%86thelberht_II_of_East_Anglia/jGdmfwAG">Æthelberht II of East Anglia</a> is taken captive and <a href="/facts/Decapitation/Mbe8UAeF">beheaded</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1217/8ucmnKjz">1217</a> – The <a href="/facts/Second_Battle_of_Lincoln/o4GFUe52">Second Battle of Lincoln</a> is fought near <a href="/facts/Lincoln,_England/3gwo2aMl">Lincoln</a>, England, resulting in the defeat of <a href="/facts/Louis_VIII_of_France/UfMthsBY">Prince Louis of France</a> by <a href="/facts/William_Marshal,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke/cDhGeHoc">William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1293/zCg9dHKG">1293</a> – King <a href="/facts/Sancho_IV_of_Castile/ELLvnntg">Sancho IV of Castile</a> creates the <a href="/facts/Estudio_de_Escuelas_de_Generales/KHRbuGLF">Estudio de Escuelas de Generales</a> in <a href="/facts/Alcal%C3%A1_de_Henares/7Ghw3muh">Alcalá de Henares</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1426/5YHCs6Il">1426</a> – King <a href="/facts/Mohnyin_Thado/xLAbvElc">Mohnyin Thado</a> formally ascends to the <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Ava/1KDWVRg2">throne of Ava</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1449/Bw53V0mQ">1449</a> – The <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Alfarrobeira/PfulaARa">Battle of Alfarrobeira</a> is fought, establishing the <a href="/facts/House_of_Braganza/CCUEtTrw">House of Braganza</a> as a principal royal family of Portugal.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1497/0mVnM5df">1497</a> – <a href="/facts/John_Cabot/K4YSzvkD">John Cabot</a> sets sail from <a href="/facts/Bristol/nLwyoDTG">Bristol</a>, England, on his ship <a href="/facts/Matthew_(1497_ship)/U4v3qWyb">Matthew</a> looking for a route to the west (other documents give a <a href="/facts/May_2/Jkr8fs6q">May 2</a> date).</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1498/dcA6qlYm">1498</a> – Portuguese explorer <a href="/facts/Vasco_da_Gama/9lw5lIza">Vasco da Gama</a> <a href="/facts/Discovery_of_the_sea_route_to_India/xl73ygrK">discovers the sea route to India</a> when he arrives at <a href="/facts/Kozhikode/XarhNNKU">Kozhikode</a> (previously known as Calicut), India.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1520/pBrQmX7c">1520</a> – <a href="/facts/Hernan_Cort%C3%A9s/fE9mIdW1">Hernan Cortés</a> <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Cempoala/ndXmffXd">defeats</a> <a href="/facts/P%C3%A1nfilo_de_Narv%C3%A1ez/IPwtRbRb">Pánfilo de Narváez</a>, sent by Spain to punish him for insubordination.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1521/7lUVR4z6">1521</a> – <a href="/facts/Ignatius_of_Loyola/h7SfzBrd">Ignatius of Loyola</a> is seriously wounded in the <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Pampeluna/ydenMg7J">Battle of Pampeluna</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1570/1ARWUkJx">1570</a> – <a href="/facts/Cartography/8YdDAAeX">Cartographer</a> <a href="/facts/Abraham_Ortelius/fBeXUBxl">Abraham Ortelius</a> issues <a href="/facts/Theatrum_Orbis_Terrarum/Pel6aNXd">Theatrum Orbis Terrarum</a>, the first modern <a href="/facts/Atlas/0P16fANt">atlas</a>.</li></ul>
<h3>1601–1900</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/1609/TVhxyg4s">1609</a> – <a href="/facts/Shakespeare%27s_sonnets/cmUBe2yv">Shakespeare's sonnets</a> are first published in London, perhaps illicitly, by the publisher <a href="/facts/Thomas_Thorpe/QuxdmoNt">Thomas Thorpe</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1631/QYdW8sum">1631</a> – The city of <a href="/facts/Magdeburg/8SW8I5NB">Magdeburg</a> in Germany is seized by forces of the <a href="/facts/Holy_Roman_Empire/6mdobnXN">Holy Roman Empire</a> and most of its inhabitants <a href="/facts/Sack_of_Magdeburg/L0l57rga">massacred</a>, in one of the bloodiest incidents of the <a href="/facts/Thirty_Years%27_War/7bgcxoxf">Thirty Years' War</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1645/w8BTcoIy">1645</a> – <a href="/facts/Yangzhou_massacre/mYxXBjme">Yangzhou massacre</a>: The ten day massacre of 800,000 residents of the city of <a href="/facts/Yangzhou/l8PuHkrL">Yangzhou</a>, part of the <a href="/facts/Transition_from_Ming_to_Qing/psvGjCl1">Transition from Ming to Qing</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1714/VrVfJdsr">1714</a> – <a href="/facts/Johann_Sebastian_Bach/qA71yhEb">Johann Sebastian Bach</a> leads the first performance of his cantata for Pentecost, <a href="/facts/Erschallet,_ihr_Lieder,_erklinget,_ihr_Saiten!_BWV_172/dQc6SGW3">Erschallet, ihr Lieder, BWV 172</a>, at the chapel of <a href="/facts/Schloss_Weimar/cC5fmhYg">Schloss Weimar</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1741/FCajlXJh">1741</a> – The <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Cartagena_de_Indias/1dUJHzWM">Battle of Cartagena de Indias</a> ends in a <a href="/facts/Spanish_Navy/SY6dM5rE">Spanish</a> victory and the <a href="/facts/Royal_Navy/Xdy8YCH7">British</a> begin <a href="/facts/Withdrawal_(military)/NzplzWdF">withdrawal</a> towards <a href="/facts/Jamaica/jeDulmwE">Jamaica</a> with substantial <a href="/facts/Casualty_(person)/8wRcYFEE">losses</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1775/9PSgKBNU">1775</a> – The <a href="/facts/Mecklenburg_Declaration_of_Independence/28zchQvW">Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence</a> is allegedly signed in <a href="/facts/Charlotte,_North_Carolina/JVJT5LzT">Charlotte, North Carolina</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1802/opxy9FNB">1802</a> – By the <a href="/facts/Law_of_20_May_1802/D5NzT5VI">Law of 20 May 1802</a>, <a href="/facts/Napoleon_Bonaparte/8TKBIjPM">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> reinstates <a href="/facts/Slavery/IXX2S92u">slavery</a> in the <a href="/facts/French_colonial_empire/IRauBDs1">French colonies</a>, revoking its abolition in the <a href="/facts/French_Revolution/PIkDlrC0">French Revolution</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1813/24mtbexz">1813</a> – Napoleon Bonaparte leads his French troops into the <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Bautzen_(1813)/cyYnTygL">Battle of Bautzen</a> in <a href="/facts/Saxony/PrKscwCP">Saxony</a>, Germany, against the combined armies of Russia and <a href="/facts/Prussia/fs1wEGrk">Prussia</a>. The battle ends the next day with a French victory.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1861/P8cx7fk5">1861</a> – <a href="/facts/American_Civil_War/A9FT3ksD">American Civil War</a>: The state of <a href="/facts/Kentucky/DaTW05Rt">Kentucky</a> proclaims its <a href="/facts/Country_neutrality_(international_relations)/Ig022QPh">neutrality</a>, which will last until <a href="/facts/September_3/HveWHyJI">September 3</a> when <a href="/facts/Confederate_States_of_America/jMSDM4q3">Confederate</a> forces enter the state. Meanwhile, the State of North Carolina secedes from the Union.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1862/wLde0GHd">1862</a> – U.S. President <a href="/facts/Abraham_Lincoln/F8VqYAsA">Abraham Lincoln</a> signs the <a href="/facts/Homestead_Act_of_1862/1jpVyNz4">Homestead Act</a> into law, opening eighty-four million acres (340,000 km2) of public land to settlers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1864/xmYu2SP5">1864</a> – American Civil War: <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Ware_Bottom_Church/yP4plrL9">Battle of Ware Bottom Church</a>: In the <a href="/facts/Virginia/g2kucGdn">Virginia</a> <a href="/facts/Bermuda_Hundred_campaign/GHybRtd1">Bermuda Hundred campaign</a>, 10,000 troops fight in this Confederate victory.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1873/CJ5Hegm0">1873</a> – <a href="/facts/Levi_Strauss/VSelFWNw">Levi Strauss</a> and <a href="/facts/Jacob_W._Davis/y4PLFVa7">Jacob Davis</a> receive a U.S. <a href="/facts/Patent/LjT2bG3A">patent</a> for blue <a href="/facts/Jeans/RaMQVQ35">jeans</a> with <a href="/facts/Copper/I8PEE8oX">copper</a> rivets.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1875/ggkhnYQX">1875</a> – Signing of the <a href="/facts/Metre_Convention/CpK3VJVv">Metre Convention</a> by 17 nations leading to the establishment of the <a href="/facts/International_System_of_Units/S7YLglNz">International System of Units</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1882/TB4gUPdw">1882</a> – The <a href="/facts/Triple_Alliance_(1882)/IhQoVYeY">Triple Alliance</a> between the German Empire, <a href="/facts/Austria-Hungary/9WPUPj0W">Austria-Hungary</a> and the <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Italy/X5hxYBvF">Kingdom of Italy</a> is formed.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1883/EwbmutJN">1883</a> – <a href="/facts/Krakatoa/DQHgfyqx">Krakatoa</a> <a href="/facts/1883_eruption_of_Krakatoa/C8fvLt2Q">begins to erupt</a>; the volcano explodes three months later, killing more than 36,000 people.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1891/jJnCu3PM">1891</a> – <a href="/facts/History_of_film/Jb0yDMVC">History of cinema</a>: The first public display of <a href="/facts/Thomas_Edison/IeDbdyP4">Thomas Edison</a>'s prototype <a href="/facts/Kinetoscope/5QxBoeTP">kinetoscope</a>.</li></ul>
<h3>1901–present</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/1902/MHb8RK0o">1902</a> – <a href="/facts/Cuba/vHjTXLPW">Cuba</a> gains independence from the United States. <a href="/facts/Tom%C3%A1s_Estrada_Palma/fj6T8bPm">Tomás Estrada Palma</a> becomes the country's first President.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1927/jcoYnDtY">1927</a> – <a href="/facts/Treaty_of_Jeddah_(1927)/q2g3D1yw">Treaty of Jeddah</a>: The United Kingdom recognizes the <a href="/facts/Sovereignty/QnYhTTem">sovereignty</a> of King <a href="/facts/Ibn_Saud/4Hmo3To7">Ibn Saud</a> in the Kingdoms of <a href="/facts/Hejaz/elkPdQyh">Hejaz</a> and <a href="/facts/Najd/2a9D5azR">Nejd</a>, which later merge to become the Kingdom of <a href="/facts/Saudi_Arabia/uyUpe1J2">Saudi Arabia</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1927/jcoYnDtY">1927</a> – <a href="/facts/Charles_Lindbergh/Hd2ve764">Charles Lindbergh</a> takes off for Paris from Roosevelt Field in Long Island, N.Y., aboard the <a href="/facts/Spirit_of_St._Louis/odz3Ljov">Spirit of St. Louis</a> on the first nonstop solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean, landing 33+1⁄2 hours later.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1932/XlUMqV5p">1932</a> – <a href="/facts/Amelia_Earhart/hpRo6cY4">Amelia Earhart</a> takes off from <a href="/facts/Newfoundland_(island)/PdfPl9ca">Newfoundland</a> to begin the world's first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean by a female pilot, landing in Ireland the next day.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1940/AMQgqkYN">1940</a> – <a href="/facts/The_Holocaust/vGQsAb2y">The Holocaust</a>: The first prisoners arrive at a <a href="/facts/Auschwitz_concentration_camp/6o3xax0D">new concentration camp at Auschwitz</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1941/MxJwh6rk">1941</a> – World War II: <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Crete/4ltAdhkN">Battle of Crete</a>: <a href="/facts/Nazi_Germany/8kRbqRpo">German</a> <a href="/facts/Fallschirmj%C3%A4ger_(World_War_II)/fYUKbA5V">paratroops</a> invade <a href="/facts/Crete/VSqxTU9u">Crete</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1943/3DdRsjrn">1943</a> – The <a href="/facts/Luttra_Woman/p5HqyMmA">Luttra Woman</a>, a <a href="/facts/Bog_body/akXwlPIz">bog body</a> from the Early <a href="/facts/Neolithic/wRS0Bnh4">Neolithic</a> period (<a href="/facts/Radiocarbon_dating/qjNglhKP">radiocarbon-dated</a> c. 3928–3651 BC),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a> was discovered near <a href="/facts/Luttra/VovBx019">Luttra</a>, Sweden.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1948/8PpY1FY5">1948</a> – Generalissimo <a href="/facts/Chiang_Kai-shek/dXkvQU17">Chiang Kai-shek</a> wins the <a href="/facts/1948_Chinese_presidential_election/hS0kJGSE">1948 Republic of China presidential election</a> and is sworn in as the first <a href="/facts/President_of_the_Republic_of_China/xqF81Bms">President of the Republic of China</a> at <a href="/facts/Nanjing/WennCVWt">Nanjing</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1949/25neuEUm">1949</a> – In the United States, the Armed Forces Security Agency, the predecessor to the <a href="/facts/National_Security_Agency/Sg6MGV1o">National Security Agency</a>, is established.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1956/s8lywmqd">1956</a> – In <a href="/facts/Operation_Redwing/DVVSaYdI">Operation Redwing</a>, the first United States airborne <a href="/facts/Hydrogen_bomb/T9zFe3H0">hydrogen bomb</a> is dropped over <a href="/facts/Bikini_Atoll/NrrgM5pd">Bikini Atoll</a> in the Pacific Ocean.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1958/hMBPu5oV">1958</a> – <a href="/facts/Capital_Airlines_Flight_300/egfvg4jn">Capital Airlines Flight 300</a> collides in mid-air with a <a href="/facts/United_States_Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">United States Air Force</a> <a href="/facts/Lockheed_T-33/2bG1rskp">Lockheed T-33</a> over <a href="/facts/Brunswick,_Maryland/CxW0vkc7">Brunswick, Maryland</a>, killing 12.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1964/3juQ3GsC">1964</a> – <a href="/facts/Discovery_of_cosmic_microwave_background_radiation/Lsh1IDUF">Discovery</a> of the <a href="/facts/Cosmic_microwave_background_radiation/ThB2HkLS">cosmic microwave background radiation</a> by <a href="/facts/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson/CsmuvVqa">Robert Woodrow Wilson</a> and <a href="/facts/Arno_Penzias/MEautAvP">Arno Penzias</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1965/RlpYNuG1">1965</a> – One hundred twenty-one people are killed when <a href="/facts/Pakistan_International_Airlines_Flight_705/oxwmmFyK">Pakistan International Airlines Flight 705</a> crashes at <a href="/facts/Cairo_International_Airport/fnfGg2Yy">Cairo International Airport</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1967/dmIuJ9Qy">1967</a> – The <a href="/facts/Popular_Movement_of_the_Revolution/Lqb4KdHq">Popular Movement of the Revolution</a> <a href="/facts/Political_party/IAKw7oEK">political party</a> is established in the <a href="/facts/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo/E2KmHDdv">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1969/Qunmv17a">1969</a> – The <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Hamburger_Hill/A1T2LlRv">Battle of Hamburger Hill</a> in <a href="/facts/Vietnam/0ulfA8Eq">Vietnam</a> ends.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1971/436B8JtH">1971</a> – In the <a href="/facts/Chuknagar_massacre/qq95VrMY">Chuknagar massacre</a>, Pakistani forces massacre thousands, mostly Bengali Hindus.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1980/LlDU6MAx">1980</a> – In a <a href="/facts/1980_Quebec_referendum/V8kqWT36">referendum</a> in Quebec, the population rejects, with 60% of the vote, a government proposal to move towards independence from Canada.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1983/Hh9D0QTA">1983</a> – First publications of the discovery of the <a href="/facts/HIV/ulY2rgzu">HIV</a> <a href="/facts/Virus/mf88Bcbl">virus</a> that causes <a href="/facts/AIDS/RqLIEMuJ">AIDS</a> in the journal <a href="/facts/Science_(journal)/uTyzjkwD">Science</a> by a team of French scientists including <a href="/facts/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi/I9cxTkF2">Françoise Barré-Sinoussi</a>, <a href="/facts/Jean-Claude_Chermann/nIBwljHb">Jean-Claude Chermann</a>, and <a href="/facts/Luc_Montagnier/5jIATmWX">Luc Montagnier</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a></li>
<li>1983 – <a href="/facts/Church_Street,_Pretoria_bombing/Gx2FjJ5y">Church Street bombing</a>: A car bomb planted by <a href="/facts/UMkhonto_we_Sizwe/FugHarz0">UMkhonto we Sizwe</a> explodes on Church Street in South Africa's capital, <a href="/facts/Pretoria/lv4sXKKA">Pretoria</a>, killing 19 people and injuring 217 others.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1985/XsTSpulI">1985</a> – <a href="/facts/Radio_Mart%C3%AD/5RShV6Ig">Radio Martí</a>, part of the <a href="/facts/Voice_of_America/PrTjgDn7">Voice of America</a> service, begins broadcasting to <a href="/facts/Cuba/vHjTXLPW">Cuba</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1989/HWvGcTeT">1989</a> – The Chinese authorities declare martial law in the face of pro-<a href="/facts/Democracy/3tLdVS1C">democracy</a> demonstrations, setting the scene for the <a href="/facts/Tiananmen_Square_massacre/WzL9ceHB">Tiananmen Square massacre</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1990/ySbaqvwp">1990</a> – The first post-<a href="/facts/Communism/PkUwa9xK">Communist</a> presidential and parliamentary elections are held in <a href="/facts/Romania/yolzk5cN">Romania</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1996/qrQNaXmK">1996</a> – <a href="/facts/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States/CANcd6oJ">Civil rights</a>: The <a href="/facts/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States/rJHothwW">Supreme Court of the United States</a> rules in <a href="/facts/Romer_v._Evans/r278cMPr">Romer v. Evans</a> against a law that would have prevented any city, town or county in the state of <a href="/facts/Colorado/IgIHrJI5">Colorado</a> from taking any legislative, executive, or judicial action to protect the rights of <a href="/facts/Homosexuality/gNy8Nvl0">gays and lesbians</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/2002/8anKm4m1">2002</a> – The independence of <a href="/facts/East_Timor/IBQ69BRj">East Timor</a> is recognized by Portugal, formally ending 23 years of <a href="/facts/Indonesia/vQnWU3IW">Indonesian</a> rule and three years of provisional UN administration (Portugal itself is the former <a href="/facts/Portuguese_Empire/nxn2wnHj">colonizer</a> of East Timor until 1976).</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2009/yEThXjmg">2009</a> – An <a href="/facts/Indonesian_Air_Force/Rd8CoMMS">Indonesian Air Force</a> <a href="/facts/Lockheed_L-100_Hercules/56tk2geb">Lockheed L-100 Hercules</a> <a href="/facts/2009_Indonesian_Air_Force_L-100_crash/qgX9FRJx">crashes</a> in <a href="/facts/Magetan_Regency/YDnb3L69">Magetan Regency</a>, killing 99.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/2011/GAc8rcgs">2011</a> – <a href="/facts/Mamata_Banerjee/BGcPzoyy">Mamata Banerjee</a> is sworn in as the <a href="/facts/Chief_Minister_of_West_Bengal/WE6mTjsj">Chief Minister of West Bengal</a>, the first woman to hold this post.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/2012/XEX1VQNP">2012</a> – At least 27 people are killed and 50 others injured when a <a href="/facts/2012_Northern_Italy_earthquakes/lFjkLjWa">6.0-magnitude earthquake</a> strikes northern Italy.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2013/eQaDXDHl">2013</a> – An <a href="/facts/Enhanced_Fujita_scale/UYTlbwyz">EF5</a> <a href="/facts/2013_Moore_tornado/EQWS20ph">tornado</a> strikes the <a href="/facts/Oklahoma_City/o7P8l8Cd">Oklahoma City</a> suburb of <a href="/facts/Moore,_Oklahoma/w6P6AuYN">Moore</a>, killing 24 people and injuring 377 others.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2016/VTotH5cp">2016</a> – The government of <a href="/facts/Singapore/CQDkhUvD">Singapore</a> authorised the controversial <a href="/facts/Capital_punishment/4pbmeUIb">execution</a> of convicted murderer <a href="/facts/Kho_Jabing/sdoLKyvI">Kho Jabing</a> for the murder of a Chinese construction worker despite the international pleas for clemency, notably from <a href="/facts/Amnesty_International/ouGBgSdS">Amnesty International</a> and the <a href="/facts/United_Nations/fgXLnmgT">United Nations</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/2019/HR1M318D">2019</a> – The <a href="/facts/International_System_of_Units/S7YLglNz">International System of Units</a> (SI): The base units are redefined, making the <a href="/facts/International_Prototype_of_the_Kilogram/Ts6rARQe">international prototype of the kilogram</a> obsolete.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2022/6xouULBp">2022</a> – <a href="/facts/Russo-Ukrainian_War/kE7cHvoQ">Russo-Ukrainian War</a>: Russia claims full control of the Ukrainian city of <a href="/facts/Mariupol/Dd8xyJI9">Mariupol</a> after a nearly <a href="/facts/Siege_of_Mariupol/y0f8x3Ay">three-month siege</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="births">Births</h2>
<h3>Pre-1600</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/1315/11oX3MEE">1315</a> – <a href="/facts/Bonne_of_Luxembourg/yrQk17Aw">Bonne of Luxembourg</a>, first wife of <a href="/facts/John_II_of_France/FpFDTSwo">John II of France</a> (d. 1349)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1470/asypEQb8">1470</a> – <a href="/facts/Pietro_Bembo/b342qBXj">Pietro Bembo</a>, Italian cardinal, poet, and scholar (d. 1547)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1505/9kBKPq02">1505</a> – <a href="/facts/Levinus_Lemnius/dY31VzLA">Levinus Lemnius</a>, Dutch writer (d. 1568)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1531/LTmWL0s1">1531</a> – <a href="/facts/Thado_Minsaw_of_Ava/DU86Vpwg">Thado Minsaw of Ava</a>, Viceroy of Ava (d. 1584)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1537/S32JykPj">1537</a> – <a href="/facts/Hieronymus_Fabricius/q6B1A6GD">Hieronymus Fabricius</a>, Italian anatomist (d. 1619)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1575/xBuhPn0F">1575</a> – <a href="/facts/Robert_Heath/tlF1cPAW">Robert Heath</a>, English judge and politician (d. 1649)</li></ul>
<h3>1601–1900</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/1664/dg99cHI3">1664</a> – <a href="/facts/Andreas_Schl%C3%BCter/N0hNjpw8">Andreas Schlüter</a>, German sculptor and architect (d. 1714)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1726/m2d34N6l">1726</a> – <a href="/facts/Francis_Cotes/rWqXrHCl">Francis Cotes</a>, English painter and academic (d. 1770)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1759/1Sk6uILL">1759</a> – <a href="/facts/William_Thornton/bclkwXhG">William Thornton</a>, Virgin Islander-American architect, designed the <a href="/facts/United_States_Capitol/UFAR0zx8">United States Capitol</a> (d. 1828)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1769/4IEBFm0Y">1769</a> – <a href="/facts/Andreas_Vokos_Miaoulis/97l4TtIo">Andreas Vokos Miaoulis</a>, Greek admiral and politician (d. 1835)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1772/TA6mW9tB">1772</a> – <a href="/facts/Sir_William_Congreve,_2nd_Baronet/TVXl3yQp">Sir William Congreve, 2nd Baronet</a>, English inventor and politician, developed <a href="/facts/Congreve_rockets/8YmG5IG4">Congreve rockets</a> (d. 1828)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1776/4m6rJpzd">1776</a> – <a href="/facts/Simon_Fraser_(explorer)/PvXe1Iy2">Simon Fraser</a>, American-Canadian fur trader and explorer (d. 1862)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1795/I2Nmzncx">1795</a> – <a href="/facts/Pedro_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Anaya/z5YYxWhM">Pedro María de Anaya</a>, Mexican soldier. President (1847–1848) (d. 1854)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1799/cHlk6GYJ">1799</a> – <a href="/facts/Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac/vgqJhSLP">Honoré de Balzac</a>, French novelist and playwright (d. 1850)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1806/gBqJvrdt">1806</a> – <a href="/facts/John_Stuart_Mill/0QxUR9l7">John Stuart Mill</a>, English economist, civil servant, and philosopher (d. 1873)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1811/t8Uwt7ka">1811</a> – <a href="/facts/Alfred_Domett/tBNRkEH9">Alfred Domett</a>, English-New Zealand poet and politician, 4th <a href="/facts/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand/qsTgpc9s">Prime Minister of New Zealand</a> (d. 1887)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1818/8YwUybJm">1818</a> – <a href="/facts/William_Fargo/AdVkPgwr">William Fargo</a>, American businessman and politician, co-founded <a href="/facts/Wells_Fargo/Yansa3rp">Wells Fargo</a> and <a href="/facts/American_Express/3W30blIe">American Express</a> (d. 1881)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1822/zW0hg5wI">1822</a> – <a href="/facts/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Passy/BngYJSM1">Frédéric Passy</a>, French economist and academic, <a href="/facts/Nobel_Peace_Prize/2wVhmLrX">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. 1912)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1824/S9leuJfU">1824</a> – <a href="/facts/Cadmus_M._Wilcox/GGnzLEAU">Cadmus M. Wilcox</a>, <a href="/facts/Confederate_States_Army/XlqneAzz">Confederate States Army</a> general (d. 1890)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1825/1G8RPV5b">1825</a> – <a href="/facts/Antoinette_Brown_Blackwell/71jcA5vh">Antoinette Brown Blackwell</a>, the first woman to be ordained as a mainstream Protestant minister in the U.S. (d. 1921)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1830/d1TTztax">1830</a> – <a href="/facts/Hector_Malot/3G9q5wdS">Hector Malot</a>, French author (d. 1907)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1838/eNceSVoF">1838</a> – <a href="/facts/Jules_M%C3%A9line/JxLPSXXw">Jules Méline</a>, French lawyer and politician, 65th <a href="/facts/Prime_Minister_of_France/oUtnAz7E">Prime Minister of France</a> (d. 1925)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1851/GeytjB5u">1851</a> – <a href="/facts/Emile_Berliner/RPzgByGR">Emile Berliner</a>, German-American inventor, invented the <a href="/facts/Gramophone_record/ccuFV9Af">Gramophone record</a> (d. 1929)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1854/mS3CBX4G">1854</a> – <a href="/facts/George_Prendergast/5j7mdX5T">George Prendergast</a>, Australian politician, 28th <a href="/facts/Premier_of_Victoria/p4F9MKTI">Premier of Victoria</a> (d. 1937)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1856/vURzaXKl">1856</a> – <a href="/facts/Henri-Edmond_Cross/71bMRbXT">Henri-Edmond Cross</a>, French Neo-Impressionist painter (d. 1910)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1860/4dczHW4c">1860</a> – <a href="/facts/Eduard_Buchner/oD3kz8fa">Eduard Buchner</a>, German chemist, zymologist, and academic, <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry/8Nb8Ajjy">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. 1917)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1875/ggkhnYQX">1875</a> – <a href="/facts/Hendrik_Offerhaus/rsjJTMMh">Hendrik Offerhaus</a>, Dutch rower (d. 1953)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1877/NUButNG5">1877</a> – <a href="/facts/Patrick_Leahy_(athlete)/u9r9YYUM">Pat Leahy</a>, Irish-American jumper (d. 1927)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1879/f5X2q52U">1879</a> – <a href="/facts/Hans_Meerwein/jUKtyIMr">Hans Meerwein</a>, German chemist (d. 1965)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1882/TB4gUPdw">1882</a> – <a href="/facts/Sigrid_Undset/f3fxF165">Sigrid Undset</a>, Danish-Norwegian novelist, essayist, and translator, <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature/wWVXbIbp">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. 1949)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1883/EwbmutJN">1883</a> – <a href="/facts/Faisal_I_of_Iraq/XwHxNwvb">Faisal I of Iraq</a> (d. 1933)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1886/Dq24GK25">1886</a> – <a href="/facts/Ali_Sami_Yen/hvEFQPNt">Ali Sami Yen</a>, Turkish footballer and manager, founded the <a href="/facts/Galatasaray_S.K./CclVMdIr">Galatasaray Sports Club</a> (d. 1951)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1894/4e9bljQh">1894</a> – <a href="/facts/Chandrashekarendra_Saraswati/8v6xeNIT">Chandrashekarendra Saraswati</a>, Indian guru and scholar (d. 1994)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1895/q4F6bTdq">1895</a> – <a href="/facts/R._J._Mitchell/qv5soHRW">R. J. Mitchell</a>, English engineer, designed the <a href="/facts/Supermarine_Spitfire/7qD9ujY6">Supermarine Spitfire</a> and <a href="/facts/Supermarine_S.6B/VlXULfva">Supermarine S.6B</a> (d. 1937)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1897/vbUcwIeN">1897</a> – <a href="/facts/Diego_Abad_de_Santill%C3%A1n/bWlcuwkI">Diego Abad de Santillán</a>, Spanish economist and author (d. 1983)</li>
<li>1897 – <a href="/facts/Malcolm_Nokes/0191EdNR">Malcolm Nokes</a>, English hammer and discus thrower (d. 1986)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1898/22NQXEjQ">1898</a> – <a href="/facts/Eduard_Ole/gMjaaNCY">Eduard Ole</a>, Estonian painter (d. 1995)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1899/mrg9Bavy">1899</a> – <a href="/facts/Aleksandr_Deyneka/F2aNMcmB">Aleksandr Deyneka</a>, Russian painter and sculptor (d. 1969)</li>
<li>1899 – <a href="/facts/John_Marshall_Harlan_II/gNsdLDtz">John Marshall Harlan II</a>, American lawyer and jurist (d. 1971)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1900/vjRuWbwa">1900</a> – <a href="/facts/Sumitranandan_Pant/egy2Q70S">Sumitranandan Pant</a>, Indian poet and author (d. 1977)</li></ul>
<h3>1901–present</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/1901/Tf0A3lMq">1901</a> – <a href="/facts/Max_Euwe/TcWmrLW6">Max Euwe</a>, Dutch chess player, mathematician, and author (d. 1981)</li>
<li>1901 – <a href="/facts/Doris_Fleeson/A57usFv0">Doris Fleeson</a>, American journalist (d. 1970)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1904/pYw7uoS4">1904</a> – <a href="/facts/Margery_Allingham/NTsa8XEY">Margery Allingham</a>, English author of detective fiction (d. 1966)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1906/dCqcXjCc">1906</a> – <a href="/facts/Giuseppe_Siri/yqwJ1vPB">Giuseppe Siri</a>, Italian cardinal (d. 1989)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1907/70u8Thdr">1907</a> – <a href="/facts/Carl_Mydans/cs9HJ6JD">Carl Mydans</a>, American photographer and journalist (d. 2004)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1908/y2Yvla5J">1908</a> – <a href="/facts/Henry_Bolte/NXB0utja">Henry Bolte</a>, Australian politician, 38th <a href="/facts/Premier_of_Victoria/p4F9MKTI">Premier of Victoria</a> (d. 1990)</li>
<li>1908 – <a href="/facts/Louis_Daquin/C5q7tEMT">Louis Daquin</a>, French actor and director (d. 1980)</li>
<li>1908 – <a href="/facts/Francis_Raymond_Fosberg/71aLesqg">Francis Raymond Fosberg</a>, American botanist and author (d. 1993)</li>
<li>1908 – <a href="/facts/James_Stewart/tawsg9u4">James Stewart</a>, American actor (d. 1997)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1911/f6cCDfr8">1911</a> – <a href="/facts/Gardner_Fox/6mDl7Ac3">Gardner Fox</a>, American author (d. 1986)</li>
<li>1911 – <a href="/facts/Annie_M._G._Schmidt/egKsEkmp">Annie M. G. Schmidt</a>, Dutch author and playwright (d. 1995)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1913/TJLNwLcE">1913</a> – <a href="/facts/Teodoro_Fern%C3%A1ndez/BPafMVvW">Teodoro Fernández</a>, Peruvian footballer (d. 1996)</li>
<li>1913 – <a href="/facts/William_Redington_Hewlett/sb18jed1">William Redington Hewlett</a>, American engineer, co-founded <a href="/facts/Hewlett-Packard/abuNSYNu">Hewlett-Packard</a> (d. 2001)</li>
<li>1913 – <a href="/facts/Carlos_J._Gradin/u74b7vU2">Carlos J. Gradin</a>, Argentine Archaeologist (d. 2002)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1915/slMK9ba3">1915</a> – <a href="/facts/Peter_Copley/GG7LvLsm">Peter Copley</a>, English actor (d. 2008)</li>
<li>1915 – <a href="/facts/Moshe_Dayan/Bg9GKroG">Moshe Dayan</a>, Israeli general and politician, 5th <a href="/facts/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Israel)/JoJPDt9d">Israeli Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> (d. 1981)</li>
<li>1915 – <a href="/facts/Joff_Ellen/GumL27A1">Joff Ellen</a>, Australian comedian and actor (d. 1999)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1916/Vfq2LjJ1">1916</a> – <a href="/facts/Owen_Chadwick/BIW8EPqs">Owen Chadwick</a>, English rugby player, historian, and academic (d. 2015)</li>
<li>1916 – <a href="/facts/Alexey_Maresyev/tWYe64rP">Alexey Maresyev</a>, Russian soldier and pilot (d. 2001)</li>
<li>1916 – <a href="/facts/Ondina_Valla/wvuRDS8s">Ondina Valla</a>, Italian sprinter and hurdler (d. 2006)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1917/f4XunIGQ">1917</a> – <a href="/facts/Tony_Cliff/1gz2gUWe">Tony Cliff</a>, Israeli-English author and activist (d. 2000)</li>
<li>1917 – <a href="/facts/Guy_Favreau/FnkGxNAz">Guy Favreau</a>, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician, 28th <a href="/facts/Minister_of_Justice_(Canada)/6dqzlKIQ">Canadian Minister of Justice</a> (d. 1967)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1918/eIGlxNIx">1918</a> – <a href="/facts/Alexandra_Boyko/LMW8QDnr">Alexandra Boyko</a>, Russian tank commander (d. 1996)</li>
<li>1918 – <a href="/facts/Edward_B._Lewis/JNSYarwh">Edward B. Lewis</a>, American biologist, geneticist, and academic, <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine/rlnpJX84">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. 2004)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1919/5R5RKF5E">1919</a> – <a href="/facts/George_Gobel/Wy9WwNyc">George Gobel</a>, American comedian (d. 1991)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1920/cMv9MvzA">1920</a> – <a href="/facts/John_Cruickshank/2xHGakRx">John Cruickshank</a>, Scottish lieutenant and banker, <a href="/facts/Victoria_Cross/abfXKEQl">Victoria Cross</a> recipient</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1921/7abkb6mF">1921</a> – <a href="/facts/Wolfgang_Borchert/GdUCwfbo">Wolfgang Borchert</a>, German author and playwright (d. 1947)</li>
<li>1921 – <a href="/facts/Hal_Newhouser/dWMfEhmt">Hal Newhouser</a>, American baseball player and scout (d. 1998)</li>
<li>1921 – <a href="/facts/Hao_Wang_(academic)/cpTlnyMm">Hao Wang</a>, Chinese-American logician, philosopher, and mathematician (d. 1995)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1922/AFrJQ34X">1922</a> – <a href="/facts/Ted_Hinton_(footballer)/XIooSFec">Ted Hinton</a>, Northern Irish international footballer (d. 1988)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1923/yARB7QmW">1923</a> – <a href="/facts/Edith_Fellows/VTyz99I4">Edith Fellows</a>, American actress (d. 2011)</li>
<li>1923 – <a href="/facts/Sam_Selvon/srqBUBKK">Sam Selvon</a>, Trinidad-born writer (d. 1994)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1924/lArFYWHI">1924</a> – <a href="/facts/David_Chavchavadze/WXXyHreb">David Chavchavadze</a>, English-American <a href="/facts/CIA/U7urmQYL">CIA</a> officer and author (d. 2014)</li>
<li>1924 – <a href="/facts/Zelmar_Michelini/AXcs4Ww2">Zelmar Michelini</a>, Uruguayan journalist and politician (d. 1976)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1925/FKVmYRam">1925</a> – <a href="/facts/Alexei_Tupolev/tVFhKFqp">Alexei Tupolev</a>, Russian engineer, designed the <a href="/facts/Tupolev_Tu-144/1pFjI2rg">Tupolev Tu-144</a> (d. 2001)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1926/03cK1qtm">1926</a> – <a href="/facts/Bob_Sweikert/cxVRT1GD">Bob Sweikert</a>, American race car driver (d. 1956)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1927/jcoYnDtY">1927</a> – <a href="/facts/Bud_Grant/tnUBmtq8">Bud Grant</a>, American football player and coach (d. 2023)</li>
<li>1927 – <a href="/facts/David_Hedison/CftBayHR">David Hedison</a>, American actor (d. 2019)</li>
<li>1927 – <a href="/facts/Franciszek_Macharski/CSCd1152">Franciszek Macharski</a>, Polish cardinal (d. 2016)</li>
<li>1929 – <a href="/facts/Pedro_Trebbau/aWpfRymR">Pedro Trebbau</a>, German-born Venezuelan zoologist (d. 2021)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1929/CqjpW93q">1929</a> – <a href="/facts/Gilles_Loiselle/pyKaE1lg">Gilles Loiselle</a>, Canadian politician and diplomat, 33rd <a href="/facts/Minister_of_Finance_(Canada)/mDgX2p5k">Canadian Minister of Finance</a> (d. 2022)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1930/CrbUfsAD">1930</a> – <a href="/facts/Sam_Etcheverry/jEcnaac9">Sam Etcheverry</a>, American football player and coach (d. 2009)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1931/JK9FEYxa">1931</a> – <a href="/facts/Ken_Boyer/CFuAWn5M">Ken Boyer</a>, American baseball player and manager (d. 1982)</li>
<li>1931 – <a href="/facts/Louis_Smith_(musician)/LRCF9zdC">Louis Smith</a>, American trumpeter (d. 2016)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1933/2LFFswPa">1933</a> – <a href="/facts/Constance_Towers/q5uS08dp">Constance Towers</a>, American actress and singer</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1935/cgLN91AJ">1935</a> – <a href="/facts/Jos%C3%A9_Mujica/D2ufCzIY">José Mujica</a>, Uruguayan <a href="/facts/Guerrilla/IMWNg4bI">guerrilla</a> leader and politician, 40th <a href="/facts/List_of_Presidents_of_Uruguay/J0EMsPF9">President of Uruguay</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1936/VsNHIP3x">1936</a> – <a href="/facts/Anthony_Zerbe/Ml5bqjCS">Anthony Zerbe</a>, American actor</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1937/BUX8Hwbf">1937</a> – <a href="/facts/Dave_Hill_(golfer)/QsFJMJ5v">Dave Hill</a>, American golfer (d. 2011)</li>
<li>1937 – <a href="/facts/Derek_Lampe/0vhkUs4H">Derek Lampe</a>, English footballer<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1939/qMDTC2rc">1939</a> – <a href="/facts/Balu_Mahendra/Jko7vvBy">Balu Mahendra</a>, Sri Lankan-Indian director, cinematographer, and screenwriter (d. 2014)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1940/AMQgqkYN">1940</a> – <a href="/facts/Shorty_Long/KaGLbQ6D">Shorty Long</a>, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 1969)</li>
<li>1940 – <a href="/facts/Stan_Mikita/XHUpanIF">Stan Mikita</a>, Slovak-Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster (d. 2018)</li>
<li>1940 – <a href="/facts/Sadaharu_Oh/bj4NLa6E">Sadaharu Oh</a>, Japanese-Taiwanese baseball player and manager</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1941/MxJwh6rk">1941</a> – <a href="/facts/Goh_Chok_Tong/w4lI7SVU">Goh Chok Tong</a>, Singaporean politician, 2nd <a href="/facts/Prime_Minister_of_Singapore/n80o3QUk">Prime Minister of Singapore</a></li>
<li>1941 – <a href="/facts/John_Strasberg/EyQhCzeN">John Strasberg</a>, American actor and teacher</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1942/Hv8rLssG">1942</a> – <a href="/facts/Raymond_Chr%C3%A9tien/JudJdaJg">Raymond Chrétien</a>, Canadian lawyer and diplomat, <a href="/facts/List_of_Canadian_ambassadors_to_the_United_States/27yj9Qqz">Canadian Ambassador to the United States</a></li>
<li>1942 – <a href="/facts/Lynn_Davies/cf3bHhFL">Lynn Davies</a>, Welsh sprinter and long jumper</li>
<li>1942 – <a href="/facts/Carlos_Hathcock/vy7C7jbK">Carlos Hathcock</a>, American sergeant and sniper (d. 1999)</li>
<li>1942 – <a href="/facts/Frew_McMillan/jCAK9USf">Frew McMillan</a>, South African tennis player</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1943/3DdRsjrn">1943</a> – <a href="/facts/Albano_Carrisi/9r3YlXFX">Albano Carrisi</a>, Italian singer, actor, and winemaker</li>
<li>1943 – <a href="/facts/Deryck_Murray/5JxRCtY1">Deryck Murray</a>, Trinidadian cricketer</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1944/A6Jvm3T6">1944</a> – <a href="/facts/Joe_Cocker/mgRl3szI">Joe Cocker</a>, English singer-songwriter (d. 2014)</li>
<li>1944 – <a href="/facts/Boudewijn_de_Groot/mTt125Lm">Boudewijn de Groot</a>, Indonesian-Dutch singer-songwriter and guitarist</li>
<li>1944 – <a href="/facts/Keith_Fletcher/KmKkm6bA">Keith Fletcher</a>, English cricketer and manager</li>
<li>1944 – <a href="/facts/Dietrich_Mateschitz/wGtIUd05">Dietrich Mateschitz</a>, Austrian businessman, co-founder of <a href="/facts/Red_Bull_GmbH/4czlygCC">Red Bull GmbH</a> (d. 2022)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1945/w7Rc9CUl">1945</a> – <a href="/facts/Vladimiro_Montesinos/JwmjjCND">Vladimiro Montesinos</a>, Peruvian intelligence officer</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1946/BnTf4qUs">1946</a> – <a href="/facts/Cher/PeKz1P3l">Cher</a>, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress</li>
<li>1946 – <a href="/facts/Bobby_Murcer/MlluhI0n">Bobby Murcer</a>, American baseball player, coach, manager, and sportscaster (d. 2008)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1947/Wy1AYbDz">1947</a> – <a href="/facts/Steve_Currie/L9m66dbg">Steve Currie</a>, English bass player (d. 1981)</li>
<li>1947 – <a href="/facts/Greg_Dyke/M7ztFYpT">Greg Dyke</a>, English journalist and academic</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1949/25neuEUm">1949</a> – <a href="/facts/Robert_Morin/Skg9SV05">Robert Morin</a>, Canadian director, cinematographer, and screenwriter</li>
<li>1949 – <a href="/facts/Mich%C3%A8le_Roberts/K3v3001l">Michèle Roberts</a>, English author and poet</li>
<li>1949 – <a href="/facts/Dave_Thomas_(actor)/be4twUT3">Dave Thomas</a>, Canadian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1950/mxu5oLbY">1950</a> – <a href="/facts/Andy_Johns/1VLnDqsb">Andy Johns</a>, English-American engineer and producer (d. 2013)</li>
<li>1950 – <a href="/facts/Reinaldo_Merlo/n4QHgxhF">Reinaldo Merlo</a>, Argentinian footballer and coach</li>
<li>1950 – <a href="/facts/Jane_Parker-Smith/pBtBwQzA">Jane Parker-Smith</a>, English organist (d. 2020)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1951/o7KS23e8">1951</a> – <a href="/facts/Thomas_Akers/Jwg64VDM">Thomas Akers</a>, American colonel, engineer, and astronaut</li>
<li>1951 – <a href="/facts/Christie_Blatchford/BHqr9RnI">Christie Blatchford</a>, Canadian newspaper columnist, journalist and broadcaster (d. 2020)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a></li>
<li>1951 – <a href="/facts/Mike_Crapo/0kPU7c3w">Mike Crapo</a>, American lawyer and politician</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1952/LYQM5Bu0">1952</a> – <a href="/facts/Roger_Milla/MQXqdGMt">Roger Milla</a>, Cameroonian footballer and manager</li>
<li>1952 – <a href="/facts/Michael_Wills/XQwwg9P4">Michael Wills</a>, English politician, <a href="/facts/Ministry_of_Justice_(United_Kingdom)/o1AyLKDF">British Minister of Justice</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1953/9mQVlynh">1953</a> – <a href="/facts/Robert_Doyle/HWq3cMC9">Robert Doyle</a>, Australian educator and politician, 103rd <a href="/facts/List_of_mayors_and_lord_mayors_of_Melbourne/hep0hc2z">Lord Mayor of Melbourne</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1954/qggMYsgW">1954</a> – <a href="/facts/David_Paterson/DU8mXPSg">David Paterson</a>, American lawyer and politician, 55th <a href="/facts/Governor_of_New_York/4dmAhlrP">Governor of New York</a></li>
<li>1954 – <a href="/facts/Colin_Sutherland,_Lord_Carloway/Kbx2cSxe">Colin Sutherland, Lord Carloway</a>, Scottish lawyer and judge</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1955/UeUsbRq8">1955</a> – <a href="/facts/Steve_George_(keyboardist)/RA0KD4Wr">Steve George</a>, American keyboard player and songwriter</li>
<li>1955 – <a href="/facts/Zbigniew_Preisner/Wx770kPc">Zbigniew Preisner</a>, Polish composer and producer</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1956/s8lywmqd">1956</a> – <a href="/facts/Ingvar_Ambj%C3%B8rnsen/4o0lqxwh">Ingvar Ambjørnsen</a>, Norwegian-German author and critic</li>
<li>1956 – <a href="/facts/Gerry_Peyton/gjwYMdNY">Gerry Peyton</a>, English born Irish international footballer and coach<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a></li>
<li>1956 – <a href="/facts/Douglas_Preston/77X037w1">Douglas Preston</a>, American journalist and author</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1957/6Aeq0xSI">1957</a> – <a href="/facts/Yoshihiko_Noda/dAFjGEMj">Yoshihiko Noda</a>, Japanese lawyer and politician, 62nd <a href="/facts/Prime_Minister_of_Japan/RMknUoMt">Prime Minister of Japan</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1958/hMBPu5oV">1958</a> – <a href="/facts/Ron_Reagan/uvLohyl3">Ron Reagan</a>, American journalist and radio host</li>
<li>1958 – <a href="/facts/Jane_Wiedlin/okEQE566">Jane Wiedlin</a>, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actress</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1959/3NCLPH6G">1959</a> – <a href="/facts/Susan_Cowsill/Ab25Tfed">Susan Cowsill</a>, American singer-songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1960/H5oTKVEk">1960</a> – <a href="/facts/Tony_Goldwyn/1hDatQ8R">Tony Goldwyn</a>, American actor and director</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1961/aVtANPeE">1961</a> – <a href="/facts/Clive_Allen/Wr4kml6y">Clive Allen</a>, English international footballer and manager<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a></li>
<li>1961 – <a href="/facts/Nick_Heyward/Pcf8rvaX">Nick Heyward</a>, English singer-songwriter and guitarist</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1963/IAgXNXRm">1963</a> – <a href="/facts/David_Wells/dWz1MEaG">David Wells</a>, American baseball player and sportscaster</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1964/3juQ3GsC">1964</a> – <a href="/facts/K%C5%8Dichir%C5%8D_Genba/yG42qqs6">Kōichirō Genba</a>, Japanese politician, 80th <a href="/facts/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Japan)/bdKzxEPa">Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs</a></li>
<li>1964 – <a href="/facts/Edin_Osmanovi%C4%87/xUsNgKKD">Edin Osmanović</a>, Slovenian footballer, coach, and manager</li>
<li>1964 – <a href="/facts/Charles_Spencer,_9th_Earl_Spencer/0oBbqhs8">Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer</a>, English journalist and author</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1965/RlpYNuG1">1965</a> – <a href="/facts/Ted_Allen/Axohhroa">Ted Allen</a>, American television host and author</li>
<li>1965 – <a href="/facts/Stu_Grimson/FkKDhwED">Stu Grimson</a>, Canadian ice hockey player, sportscaster, and lawyer</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1966/6ET4QfEl">1966</a> – <a href="/facts/Dan_Abrams/s9VBFrGv">Dan Abrams</a>, American journalist and author</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1967/dmIuJ9Qy">1967</a> – <a href="/facts/Graham_Brady/wPeV7lGV">Graham Brady</a>, English politician</li>
<li>1967 – <a href="/facts/Gabriele_Muccino/BzWGoeVd">Gabriele Muccino</a>, Italian director, producer, and screenwriter</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1968/KPacXbuQ">1968</a> – <a href="/facts/Timothy_Olyphant/C05JuWYu">Timothy Olyphant</a>, American actor and producer</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1969/Qunmv17a">1969</a> – <a href="/facts/Road_Dogg/7fWQsvhY">Road Dogg</a>, American wrestler, producer, and soldier</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1970/zvXkpYmn">1970</a> – <a href="/facts/Terrell_Brandon/KM1pS3KI">Terrell Brandon</a>, American basketball player</li>
<li>1970 – <a href="/facts/Louis_Theroux/9H4yS3HM">Louis Theroux</a>, Singaporean-English journalist and producer</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1971/436B8JtH">1971</a> – <a href="/facts/%C5%A0%C3%A1rka_Ka%C5%A1p%C3%A1rkov%C3%A1/hQa4kJKy">Šárka Kašpárková</a>, Czech triple jumper and coach</li>
<li>1971 – <a href="/facts/Tony_Stewart/nCu803G1">Tony Stewart</a>, American race car driver</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1972/PDtUApJJ">1972</a> – <a href="/facts/Michael_Diamond_(sport_shooter)/jrtLcXfz">Michael Diamond</a>, Australian shooter</li>
<li>1972 – <a href="/facts/Christophe_Dominici/324xxbN9">Christophe Dominici</a>, French rugby player (d. 2020)</li>
<li>1972 – <a href="/facts/Busta_Rhymes/sJgNufsG">Busta Rhymes</a>, American rapper, producer, and actor</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1973/U4cMWEpF">1973</a> – <a href="/facts/Nathan_Long_(rugby_league)/v1xyfGJ6">Nathan Long</a>, Australian rugby league player</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1974/yb8hxjWJ">1974</a> – <a href="/facts/Allison_Amend/uBrsIrRQ">Allison Amend</a>, American novelist and short story writer</li>
<li>1974 – <a href="/facts/Shiboprosad_Mukherjee/sIUUyPaT">Shiboprosad Mukherjee</a>, Indian film director, writer and actor</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1975/VYMnwoeF">1975</a> – <a href="/facts/Juan_Minuj%C3%ADn/6PnqJzxs">Juan Minujín</a>, Argentinian actor, director, and screenwriter</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1976/78RFM9Xk">1976</a> – <a href="/facts/Ram%C3%B3n_Hern%C3%A1ndez/1c2kXuUc">Ramón Hernández</a>, Venezuelan-American baseball player</li>
<li>1976 – <a href="/facts/Tomoya_Satozaki/DB9oNTzf">Tomoya Satozaki</a>, Japanese baseball player</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1977/wrXpt5jT">1977</a> – <a href="/facts/Matt_Czuchry/q92tNQ0N">Matt Czuchry</a>, American actor</li>
<li>1977 – <a href="/facts/Leo_Franco/NXvI0lP4">Leo Franco</a>, Argentinian footballer</li>
<li>1977 – <a href="/facts/Angela_Goethals/5fD8PlVt">Angela Goethals</a>, American actress</li>
<li>1977 – <a href="/facts/Stirling_Mortlock/39tdd1LP">Stirling Mortlock</a>, Australian rugby player</li>
<li>1977 – <a href="/facts/Vesa_Toskala/XJ9nDdPu">Vesa Toskala</a>, Finnish ice hockey player</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1978/0yIlakn7">1978</a> – <a href="/facts/Hristos_Banikas/DvUpGFv8">Hristos Banikas</a>, Greek chess player</li>
<li>1978 – <a href="/facts/Pavla_Ham%C3%A1%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1-Rybov%C3%A1/oHq6I7Gr">Pavla Hamáčková-Rybová</a>, Czech pole vaulter</li>
<li>1978 – <a href="/facts/Nils_Schumann/p9YsntQs">Nils Schumann</a>, German runner</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1979/V4o6YhYF">1979</a> – <a href="/facts/Andrew_Scheer/NQ4eCybB">Andrew Scheer</a>, Canadian politician, 28th <a href="/facts/List_of_Leaders_of_Canada%27s_Conservative_Parties/kfsler00">Leader of the Conservative Party of Canada</a></li>
<li>1979 – <a href="/facts/Jayson_Werth/wVGM8KQC">Jayson Werth</a>, American baseball player</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1980/LlDU6MAx">1980</a> – <a href="/facts/Austin_Kearns/TcEmT6cy">Austin Kearns</a>, American baseball player</li>
<li>1980 – <a href="/facts/Kassim_Osgood/8IWPzDRA">Kassim Osgood</a>, American football player</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1981/KMGWH0jA">1981</a> – <a href="/facts/Iker_Casillas/PEgfIgS7">Iker Casillas</a>, Spanish footballer</li>
<li>1981 – <a href="/facts/Rachel_Platten/LAsLhF4j">Rachel Platten</a>, American singer and songwriter</li>
<li>1981 – <a href="/facts/Lindsay_Taylor/tUGGuVND">Lindsay Taylor</a>, American basketball player</li>
<li>1981 – <a href="/facts/Mark_Winterbottom/f5yj1KSp">Mark Winterbottom</a>, Australian race car driver</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1982/oMGkW7wb">1982</a> – <a href="/facts/Petr_%C4%8Cech/knuTPaSm">Petr Čech</a>, Czech footballer</li>
<li>1982 – <a href="/facts/Imran_Farhat/CmGDCoCS">Imran Farhat</a>, Pakistani cricketer</li>
<li>1982 – <a href="/facts/Jessica_Raine/oyko8ozM">Jessica Raine</a>, English actress</li>
<li>1982 – <a href="/facts/Daniel_Ribeiro_(director)/1JXfMaTg">Daniel Ribeiro</a>, Brazilian director, producer, and screenwriter</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1983/Hh9D0QTA">1983</a> – <a href="/facts/%C3%93scar_Cardozo/UG8UWx0l">Óscar Cardozo</a>, Paraguayan footballer</li>
<li>1983 – <a href="/facts/Matt_Langridge/MMnj2v1f">Matt Langridge</a>, English rower</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1984/JqqEX46m">1984</a> – <a href="/facts/Mauro_Rafael_da_Silva/h1YjV46w">Mauro Rafael da Silva</a>, Brazilian footballer</li>
<li>1984 – <a href="/facts/Patrick_Ewing_Jr./wLMK1HYz">Patrick Ewing Jr.</a>, American basketball player</li>
<li>1984 – <a href="/facts/Keith_Grennan/hKLs69FE">Keith Grennan</a>, American football player</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1985/XsTSpulI">1985</a> – <a href="/facts/Chris_Froome/Svvaem2v">Chris Froome</a>, Kenyan-English cyclist</li>
<li>1985 – <a href="/facts/Brendon_Goddard/bwwvnjUA">Brendon Goddard</a>, Australian footballer<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1986/8uT5tERV">1986</a> – <a href="/facts/Dexter_Blackstock/hm9gh77T">Dexter Blackstock</a>, English footballer<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a></li>
<li>1986 – <a href="/facts/St%C3%A9phane_Mbia/VzPAP6YV">Stéphane Mbia</a>, Cameroonian footballer</li>
<li>1986 – <a href="/facts/Ji%C5%99ina_Svobodov%C3%A1/VgNYMlno">Jiřina Svobodová</a>, Czech pole vaulter</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1987/pThGJW7B">1987</a> – <a href="/facts/Mike_Havenaar/JmrYpYx9">Mike Havenaar</a>, Japanese footballer</li>
<li>1987 – <a href="/facts/Julian_Wright/YquYLejC">Julian Wright</a>, American basketball player</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1988/VsU0rXfc">1988</a> – <a href="/facts/Joel_Moon/vzYRkjpv">Joel Moon</a>, Australian rugby league player<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1989/HWvGcTeT">1989</a> – <a href="/facts/Siosia_Vave/E3QmzA1o">Siosia Vave</a>, Australian-Tongan rugby league player</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1991/2VyD1KeD">1991</a> – <a href="/facts/Bastian_Baker/xv1CSRtl">Bastian Baker</a>, Swiss singer, songwriter, and performer</li>
<li>1991 – <a href="/facts/Emre_%C3%87olak/u1Hlvg8k">Emre Çolak</a>, Turkish footballer</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1992/C3hhqclX">1992</a> – <a href="/facts/Cate_Campbell/QxNyRVGb">Cate Campbell</a>, Malawian-Australian swimmer</li>
<li>1992 – <a href="/facts/Jack_Gleeson/UTVFtbuN">Jack Gleeson</a>, Irish actor</li>
<li>1992 – <a href="/facts/Enes_Kanter/LzurvD9E">Enes Kanter</a>, Turkish basketball player</li>
<li>1992 – <a href="/facts/Fanny_Smith/hX2PH9wl">Fanny Smith</a>, Swiss freestyle skier<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1993/8gXvDoaz">1993</a> – <a href="/facts/Ramy_Rabia/kgvqI4at">Ramy Rabia</a>, Egyptian footballer<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a></li>
<li>1993 – <a href="/facts/Caroline_Zhang/GwtwxKhq">Caroline Zhang</a>, American figure skater<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1996/qrQNaXmK">1996</a> – <a href="/facts/Brian_Kelly_(rugby_league)/PtXKIEqN">Brian Kelly</a>, Australian rugby league player</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1997/FSVnuhSn">1997</a> – <a href="/facts/Kaoru_Mitoma/Gwy8AftQ">Kaoru Mitoma</a>, Japanese footballer<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1998/m0E92lbX">1998</a> – <a href="/facts/Jamie_Chadwick/arC579nL">Jamie Chadwick</a>, English race car driver</li>
<li>1998 – <a href="/facts/Nam_Nguyen/W5Xd4aA3">Nam Nguyen</a>, Canadian figure skater</li></ul>
<h2 id="deaths">Deaths</h2>
<h3>Pre-1600</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/685/TjDXqLaV">685</a> – <a href="/facts/Ecgfrith_of_Northumbria/2ScfdFH5">Ecgfrith of Northumbria</a> (b. 645)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/794/AQpn187m">794</a> – <a href="/facts/%C3%86thelberht_II_of_East_Anglia/jGdmfwAG">Æthelberht II</a>, king of <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_East_Anglia/zRs6CmLY">East Anglia</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/965/o2RjAj9F">965</a> – <a href="/facts/Gero/0D7pnT2M">Gero the Great</a>, Saxon ruler (b.c. <a href="/facts/900/IryFG1X0">900</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1062/v1csl78d">1062</a> – <a href="/facts/Bao_Zheng/2G7sKQxk">Bao Zheng</a>, Chinese magistrate and mayor of <a href="/facts/Kaifeng/PR335kbE">Kaifeng</a> (b. 999)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1277/oY7QCFD7">1277</a> – <a href="/facts/Pope_John_XXI/Ap3kjnMK">Pope John XXI</a> (b. 1215)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1285/qu8aWGVq">1285</a> – <a href="/facts/John_I_of_Cyprus/HxXm2hRw">John I of Cyprus</a> (b. 1259)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1291/jfF7vV2z">1291</a> – Sufi Saint <a href="/facts/Jalaluddin_Surkh-Posh_Bukhari/jcoCgmYD">Sayyid Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1366/aog1lLy3">1366</a> – <a href="/facts/Maria_of_Calabria/RGbLFWgU">Maria of Calabria</a>, Empress of Constantinople (b. 1329)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1444/kauKCU4E">1444</a> – <a href="/facts/Bernardino_of_Siena/lPxQQoWF">Bernardino of Siena</a>, Italian-Spanish missionary and saint (b. 1380)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1449/Bw53V0mQ">1449</a> – <a href="/facts/%C3%81lvaro_Vaz_de_Almada,_1st_Count_of_Avranches/qdWHqn3L">Álvaro Vaz de Almada, 1st Count of Avranches</a></li>
<li>1449 – <a href="/facts/Infante_Pedro,_Duke_of_Coimbra/FKVAI7f6">Infante Pedro, Duke of Coimbra</a> (b. 1392)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1501/D3X4PTAt">1501</a> – <a href="/facts/Columba_of_Rieti/VKu1HtdN">Columba of Rieti</a>, Italian Dominican tertiary Religious Sister (b. 1467)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1503/Ech33MQf">1503</a> – <a href="/facts/Lorenzo_di_Pierfrancesco_de%27_Medici/QuUSPYDF">Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici</a>, Italian banker and politician (b. 1463)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1506/1eD2JCzD">1506</a> – <a href="/facts/Christopher_Columbus/8hLAb46S">Christopher Columbus</a>, Italian explorer, early European explorer of the <a href="/facts/Americas/hEuUTL4K">Americas</a> (b. 1451)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1550/IRIcXxTD">1550</a> – <a href="/facts/Ashikaga_Yoshiharu/u705ccAg">Ashikaga Yoshiharu</a>, Japanese shōgun (b. 1510)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1579/b4zTXunG">1579</a> – <a href="/facts/Isabella_Markham/xotXUYB9">Isabella Markham</a>, English courtier (b. 1527)</li></ul>
<h3>1601–1900</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/1622/IlLRWNRU">1622</a> – <a href="/facts/Osman_II/bf6DyV40">Osman II</a>, Ottoman sultan (b. 1604)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1645/w8BTcoIy">1645</a> – <a href="/facts/Shi_Kefa/f0j7IcNB">Shi Kefa</a>, Chinese general and calligrapher (b. 1601)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1648/NjDBL0Tp">1648</a> – <a href="/facts/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_IV_Vasa/fN3sFHVL">Władysław IV Vasa</a>, Polish son of <a href="/facts/Sigismund_III_Vasa/lBFXL8m8">Sigismund III Vasa</a> (b. 1595)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1677/NRQGC4Nr">1677</a> – <a href="/facts/George_Digby,_2nd_Earl_of_Bristol/f3oJGfoG">George Digby, 2nd Earl of Bristol</a>, Spanish-English politician, <a href="/facts/Secretary_of_State_(England)/8WQKqGr9">English Secretary of State</a> (b. 1612)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1713/IRGE8ade">1713</a> – <a href="/facts/Thomas_Sprat/2UfpXhW9">Thomas Sprat</a>, English bishop (b. 1635)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1717/ueVRpUth">1717</a> – <a href="/facts/John_Trevor_(speaker)/DhqEkJyw">John Trevor</a>, Welsh lawyer and politician, 102nd <a href="/facts/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)/LtrYGMLh">Speaker of the House of Commons</a> (b. 1637)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1722/731CgNRm">1722</a> – <a href="/facts/S%C3%A9bastien_Vaillant/laXV9Jv8">Sébastien Vaillant</a>, French botanist and mycologist (b. 1669)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1732/JRsjpWsR">1732</a> – <a href="/facts/Thomas_Boston/QjMLRMaz">Thomas Boston</a>, Scottish author and educator (b. 1676)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1782/rCE7RQcG">1782</a> – <a href="/facts/William_Emerson_(mathematician)/oXIAyK6P">William Emerson</a>, English mathematician and academic (b. 1701)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1793/v9REpvF8">1793</a> – <a href="/facts/Charles_Bonnet/Qmo4UnLR">Charles Bonnet</a>, Swiss botanist and biologist (b. 1720)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1812/XISCd2Wu">1812</a> – <a href="/facts/Count_Hieronymus_von_Colloredo/1xGke7Ct">Count Hieronymus von Colloredo</a>, Austrian archbishop (b. 1732)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1834/zTS0oaSP">1834</a> – <a href="/facts/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette/0UF6rWLI">Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette</a>, French general (b. 1757)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1841/lguRyJWD">1841</a> – <a href="/facts/Joseph_Blanco_White/2cneUrxl">Joseph Blanco White</a>, Spanish poet and theologian (b. 1775)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1864/xmYu2SP5">1864</a> – <a href="/facts/John_Clare/seuap9BJ">John Clare</a>, English poet (b. 1793)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1873/CJ5Hegm0">1873</a> – <a href="/facts/George-%C3%89tienne_Cartier/rcAMd50Y">George-Étienne Cartier</a>, Canadian soldier, lawyer, and politician, 9th <a href="/facts/List_of_Joint_Premiers_of_the_Province_of_Canada/7VFyxJQg">Premier of East Canada</a> (b. 1814)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1880/QApjL1dG">1880</a> – <a href="/facts/Ana_N%C3%A9ri/gdtDbfz9">Ana Néri</a>, Brazilian nurse and philanthropist (b. 1814)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1896/4AqQphen">1896</a> – <a href="/facts/Clara_Schumann/k1CK5DJC">Clara Schumann</a>, German pianist and composer (b. 1819)</li></ul>
<h3>1901–present</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/1909/EYEK0tGS">1909</a> – <a href="/facts/Ernest_Hogan/j4pK5cpG">Ernest Hogan</a>, American actor and composer (b. 1859)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1917/f4XunIGQ">1917</a> – <a href="/facts/Valentine_Fleming/PldDYNH4">Valentine Fleming</a>, Scottish soldier and politician (b. 1887)</li>
<li>1917 – <a href="/facts/Philipp_von_Ferrary/S7kMwooJ">Philipp von Ferrary</a>, Italian stamp collector (b. 1850)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1924/lArFYWHI">1924</a> – <a href="/facts/Bogd_Khan/oPGR1Mwp">Bogd Khan</a>, Mongolian ruler (c. 1869)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1925/FKVmYRam">1925</a> – <a href="/facts/Joseph_Howard_(Prime_Minister)/IJ60AFWn">Joseph Howard</a>, Maltese politician, 1st <a href="/facts/Prime_Minister_of_Malta/r7E0xe0J">Prime Minister of Malta</a> (b. 1862)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1931/JK9FEYxa">1931</a> – <a href="/facts/Ernest_Noel/1Hnqr6ef">Ernest Noel</a>, Scottish businessman and politician (b. 1831)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1940/AMQgqkYN">1940</a> – <a href="/facts/Verner_von_Heidenstam/QX9ssISW">Verner von Heidenstam</a>, Swedish author and poet, <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature/wWVXbIbp">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (b. 1859)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1942/Hv8rLssG">1942</a> – <a href="/facts/Hector_Guimard/c4VfFGSQ">Hector Guimard</a>, French Architect (b. 1867)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1946/BnTf4qUs">1946</a> – <a href="/facts/Jacob_Ellehammer/9hyRBeTW">Jacob Ellehammer</a>, Danish pilot and engineer (b. 1871)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1947/Wy1AYbDz">1947</a> – <a href="/facts/Philipp_Lenard/e2MYF17W">Philipp Lenard</a>, Slovak-German physicist and academic, <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics/o6w1nCbr">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (b. 1862)</li>
<li>1947 – <a href="/facts/Georgios_Siantos/zwVsVAj7">Georgios Siantos</a>, Greek sergeant and politician (b. 1890)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1949/25neuEUm">1949</a> – <a href="/facts/Damaskinos_of_Athens/WvfQ07eg">Damaskinos of Athens</a>, Greek archbishop and politician, 137th <a href="/facts/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Greece/dtV4BwJ1">Prime Minister of Greece</a> (b. 1891)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1956/s8lywmqd">1956</a> – <a href="/facts/Max_Beerbohm/MRvCJMM9">Max Beerbohm</a>, English essayist, parodist, and caricaturist (b. 1872)</li>
<li>1956 – <a href="/facts/Zolt%C3%A1n_Halmay/797uDEHT">Zoltán Halmay</a>, Hungarian swimmer and trainer (b. 1881)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1961/aVtANPeE">1961</a> – <a href="/facts/Josef_Priller/st5IuD0L">Josef Priller</a>, German colonel and pilot (b. 1915)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1962/l6s31Ap3">1962</a> – <a href="/facts/Timothy_(Szretter)/XFrWyXEh">Timothy (Szretter)</a>, a Polish <a href="/facts/Eastern_Orthodoxy/5n20Akh5">Orthodox</a> <a href="/facts/Clergyman/IzdAVmsT">clergyman</a>, the third Metropolitan of Warsaw and all Poland (b. 1901)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1964/3juQ3GsC">1964</a> – <a href="/facts/Rudy_Lewis/saN7A6Kf">Rudy Lewis</a>, American singer (b. 1936)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1971/436B8JtH">1971</a> – <a href="/facts/Waldo_Williams/tlEcCHpt">Waldo Williams</a>, Welsh poet and academic (b. 1904)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1973/U4cMWEpF">1973</a> – <a href="/facts/Renzo_Pasolini/VmFA3o29">Renzo Pasolini</a>, Italian motorcycle racer (b. 1938)</li>
<li>1973 – <a href="/facts/Jarno_Saarinen/Ar76wy5l">Jarno Saarinen</a>, Finnish motorcycle racer (b. 1945)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1975/VYMnwoeF">1975</a> – <a href="/facts/Barbara_Hepworth/AAsez1YU">Barbara Hepworth</a>, English sculptor and lithographer (b. 1903)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1976/78RFM9Xk">1976</a> – <a href="/facts/Syd_Howe/IhcUTPq8">Syd Howe</a>, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1911)</li>
<li>1976 – <a href="/facts/Zelmar_Michelini/AXcs4Ww2">Zelmar Michelini</a>, Uruguayan journalist and politician (b. 1924)</li>
<li>1976 – <a href="/facts/H%C3%A9ctor_Guti%C3%A9rrez_Ruiz/FozVjQfm">Héctor Gutiérrez Ruiz</a>, Uruguayan politician (b. 1934)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1989/HWvGcTeT">1989</a> – <a href="/facts/John_Hicks/8AgpsS4F">John Hicks</a>, English economist and academic, <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Economics/8BBwNwre">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (b. 1904)</li>
<li>1989 – <a href="/facts/Gilda_Radner/B5KCHCwj">Gilda Radner</a>, American actress and comedian (b. 1946)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1995/d3Qass5d">1995</a> – <a href="/facts/Les_Cowie/GxuVnjBW">Les Cowie</a>, Australian rugby league player (b. 1925)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1996/qrQNaXmK">1996</a> – <a href="/facts/Jon_Pertwee/pvgJ6rBb">Jon Pertwee</a>, English actor, portrayed the <a href="/facts/Third_Doctor/obd3kjpX">Third Doctor</a> (b. 1919)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1998/m0E92lbX">1998</a> – <a href="/facts/Robert_Normann/wGaDPFh1">Robert Normann</a>, Norwegian guitarist (b. 1916)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2000/UbBNQdMl">2000</a> – <a href="/facts/Jean-Pierre_Rampal/5cG3ETnR">Jean-Pierre Rampal</a>, French flute player (b. 1922)</li>
<li>2000 – <a href="/facts/Malik_Sealy/HIzAwkI5">Malik Sealy</a>, American basketball player and actor (b. 1970)</li>
<li>2000 – <a href="/facts/Yevgeny_Khrunov/mchv1GYD">Yevgeny Khrunov</a>, Russian colonel, engineer, and astronaut (b. 1933)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2001/oo7IoNIA">2001</a> – <a href="/facts/Renato_Carosone/mjxPF5eu">Renato Carosone</a>, Italian singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1920)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2002/8anKm4m1">2002</a> – <a href="/facts/Stephen_Jay_Gould/FtAcabjg">Stephen Jay Gould</a>, American paleontologist, biologist, and academic (b. 1941)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2005/gV0sNsas">2005</a> – <a href="/facts/Paul_Ric%C5%93ur/RLUJqFNF">Paul Ricœur</a>, French philosopher and academic (b. 1913)</li>
<li>2005 – <a href="/facts/William_Seawell/dX0JzQ4K">William Seawell</a>, American general (b. 1918)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2007/WjIPeDN1">2007</a> – <a href="/facts/Norman_Von_Nida/IHXW9RzS">Norman Von Nida</a>, Australian golfer (b. 1914)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2008/nrFQTFDH">2008</a> – <a href="/facts/Hamilton_Jordan/KpJ2LKtk">Hamilton Jordan</a>, American politician, 8th <a href="/facts/White_House_Chief_of_Staff/ISD7eMuo">White House Chief of Staff</a> (b. 1944)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2009/yEThXjmg">2009</a> – <a href="/facts/Arthur_Erickson/bzjqEQCm">Arthur Erickson</a>, Canadian architect and urban planner, designed <a href="/facts/Roy_Thomson_Hall/pnAaybfr">Roy Thomson Hall</a> (b. 1924)</li>
<li>2009 – <a href="/facts/Lucy_Gordon_(actress)/zhlDn3ja">Lucy Gordon</a>, American actress and model (b. 1980)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a></li>
<li>2009 – <a href="/facts/Pierre_Gamarra/7e9JRf3r">Pierre Gamarra</a>, French author, poet, and critic (b. 1919)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2011/GAc8rcgs">2011</a> – <a href="/facts/Randy_Savage/gNraGeG1">Randy Savage</a>, American wrestler and actor (b. 1952)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2012/XEX1VQNP">2012</a> – <a href="/facts/Leela_Dube/g9prjTua">Leela Dube</a>, Indian anthropologist and scholar (b. 1923)</li>
<li>2012 – <a href="/facts/Robin_Gibb/m2KQosn6">Robin Gibb</a>, Manx-English singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1949)</li>
<li>2012 – <a href="/facts/David_Littman_(activist)/Bv8E9fNm">David Littman</a>, English-Swiss historian, author, and academic (b. 1933)</li>
<li>2012 – <a href="/facts/Ken_Lyons/FtN6lTQH">Ken Lyons</a>, American bass guitarist (b. 1953)</li>
<li>2012 – <a href="/facts/Eugene_Polley/L6Y0wan9">Eugene Polley</a>, American engineer, invented the <a href="/facts/Remote_control/A9zmkgIV">remote control</a> (b. 1915)</li>
<li>2012 – <a href="/facts/Andrew_B._Steinberg/XWHzjpCM">Andrew B. Steinberg</a>, American lawyer (b. 1958)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2013/eQaDXDHl">2013</a> – <a href="/facts/Flavio_Costantini/LzIr363K">Flavio Costantini</a>, Italian painter and illustrator (b. 1926)</li>
<li>2013 – <a href="/facts/Billie_Dawe/a7BEuMKN">Billie Dawe</a>, Canadian ice hockey player and manager (b. 1924)</li>
<li>2013 – <a href="/facts/Anders_Eliasson/9oCHlGPf">Anders Eliasson</a>, Swedish composer (b. 1947)</li>
<li>2013 – <a href="/facts/Miloslav_K%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%BE/4eUNa6o9">Miloslav Kříž</a>, Czech basketball player and coach (b. 1924)</li>
<li>2013 – <a href="/facts/Ray_Manzarek/ajwgGEac">Ray Manzarek</a>, American singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer (b. 1939)</li>
<li>2013 – <a href="/facts/Denys_Roberts/x6P7NbTa">Denys Roberts</a>, English judge and politician (b. 1923)</li>
<li>2013 – <a href="/facts/Zach_Sobiech/FSeUMu4P">Zach Sobiech</a>, American singer-songwriter (b. 1995)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2014/dJ82Jq47">2014</a> – <a href="/facts/Sandra_Bem/T5FsvPbn">Sandra Bem</a>, American psychologist and academic (b. 1944)</li>
<li>2014 – <a href="/facts/Ross_Brown_(rugby_union)/rduvlFQL">Ross Brown</a>, New Zealand rugby player (b. 1934)</li>
<li>2014 – <a href="/facts/Robyn_Denny/jp3fKCeT">Robyn Denny</a>, English-French painter (b. 1930)</li>
<li>2014 – <a href="/facts/Arthur_Gelb/GTnGYAta">Arthur Gelb</a>, American journalist, author, and critic (b. 1924)</li>
<li>2014 – <a href="/facts/Prince_Rupert_Loewenstein/34PcW3ej">Prince Rupert Loewenstein</a>, Spanish-English businessman (b. 1933)</li>
<li>2014 – <a href="/facts/Barbara_Murray/tDFFp0Up">Barbara Murray</a>, English actress (b. 1929)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/2015/bcMDMUaf">2015</a> – <a href="/facts/Bob_Belden/RQYLJGdU">Bob Belden</a>, American saxophonist, composer, and producer (b. 1956)</li>
<li>2015 – <a href="/facts/Femi_Robinson/DRp2kFw8">Femi Robinson</a>, Nigerian actor and playwright (b. 1940)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2016/VTotH5cp">2016</a> – <a href="/facts/Kho_Jabing/sdoLKyvI">Kho Jabing</a>, Malaysian convicted murderer who was executed by hanging in Singapore (b. 1984)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/2019/HR1M318D">2019</a> – <a href="/facts/Niki_Lauda/vwmn1T95">Niki Lauda</a>, Austrian race car driver (b. 1949)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/2021/7TI7Mcnk">2021</a> – <a href="/facts/Gary_Wilson_(writer)/tBQXQIrl">Gary Wilson</a>, American anti-pornography activist (b. <a href="/facts/1956/s8lywmqd">1956</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50">50</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/2022/6xouULBp">2022</a> – <a href="/facts/Roger_Angell/nmyPEycd">Roger Angell</a>, American sportswriter and author (b. 1920)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51">51</a></li>
<li>2022 – <a href="/facts/Susan_Roces/srKYUG7J">Susan Roces</a>, Filipino actress (b. 1941)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52">52</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/2024/oobtmKEa">2024</a> – <a href="/facts/Ivan_Boesky/lKDFLAVq">Ivan Boesky</a>, American stock trader (b. 1937)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53">53</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="holidays-and-observances">Holidays and observances</h2>
<ul><li>Christian <a href="/facts/Calendar_of_saints/HIapcqYk">feast day</a>:
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Abercius_and_Helena/lhM0BCgW">Abercius and Helena</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Alcuin_of_York/w7IbYBoX">Alcuin of York</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Aurea_of_Ostia/8EbFfKvI">Aurea of Ostia</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Austregisilus/C5SB6bgC">Austregisilus</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Baudilus/x17MTQu2">Baudilus</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Bernardino_of_Siena/lPxQQoWF">Bernardino of Siena</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Ivo_of_Chartres/87YI8bfl">Ivo of Chartres</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Lucifer_of_Cagliari/R0FJGrFU">Lucifer of Cagliari</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Saint_Sanctan/LsTJ1xza">Sanctan</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/May_20_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)/Ic7t75qe">May 20 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Day_of_Remembrance_(Cambodia)/zt7dW1Sa">Day of Remembrance (Cambodia)</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Emancipation_Day_(Florida)/v23T37yQ">Emancipation Day (Florida)</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/European_Maritime_Day/Pdz9Dg7N">European Maritime Day</a> (<a href="/facts/European_Council/QLJLlbkt">European Council</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Independence_Day_(East_Timor)/e36pwFhj">Independence Restoration Day</a>, celebrates the independence of <a href="/facts/East_Timor/IBQ69BRj">East Timor</a> from <a href="/facts/Indonesia/vQnWU3IW">Indonesia</a> in 2002.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Josephine_Baker_Day/anfphvwa">Josephine Baker Day</a> (<a href="/facts/National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People/gXSqUxTo">NAACP</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Indonesian_National_Awakening/yv11T9GS">National Awakening Day</a> (<a href="/facts/Indonesia/vQnWU3IW">Indonesia</a>), and its related observances:
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Public_holidays_in_Indonesia/Lwl05kVT">Indonesian Doctor Day</a> (Indonesia)</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/facts/National_Day_(Cameroon)/IpTq5E1b">National Day (Cameroon)</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/World_Bee_Day/KN38aBjQ">World Bee Day</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54">54</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/World_Metrology_Day/2YtCo023">World Metrology Day</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="notes">Notes</h2>

<h2 id="bibliography">Bibliography</h2>
<ul><li>Aung-Thwin, Michael A. (2017). Myanmar in the Fifteenth Century. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-8248-6783-6.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/U_Kala/rAMJ3dCC">Kala, U</a> (2006) [1724]. <a href="/facts/Maha_Yazawin/c1PJtyIM">Maha Yazawin</a> (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.</li></ul>
<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>

Wikimedia Commons has media related to May 20.

<ul><li><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/20">BBC: On This Day</a></li>
<li></li>
<li><a href="https://archive.nytimes.com/learning.blogs.nytimes.com/on-this-day/may-20">The New York Times: On This Day</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.onthisday.com/events/may/20">Historical Events on May 20</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">von Hefele, Charles Joseph (2007). Clark, William R. (ed.). A History of the Councils of the Church From the Original Documents. Vol. 1: To the Close of the Council of Nicea, A.D. 325. Translated by Clark, William R. Eugene, Ore.: Wipf & Stock. p. 275. ISBN 9781556352478. <a href="9781556352478" target="_blank">9781556352478</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Tavinor, Michael (2016). Shrines of the Saints in England and Wales. Norwich, UK: Canterbury Press. p. 156. ISBN 9781848258426. <a href="9781848258426" target="_blank">9781848258426</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">(Aung-Thwin 2017: 84) and (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 62): Full moon of Nayon 788 ME = 20 May 1426 <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">Datta, Nonica (2003). Indian History: Ancient and Medieval. New Delhi: Popular Prakashan, Mumbai. p. 129. ISBN 9788179910672. <a href="9788179910672" target="_blank">9788179910672</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Daniel, Clifton (1989). Chronicle of America. Chronicle publication. p. 24. ISBN 0-13-133745-9. <a href="0-13-133745-9" target="_blank">0-13-133745-9</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Duncan-Jones, Katherine, ed. (2010). "Introduction". Shakespeare's Sonnets. London: Methuen Drama. pp. 34–36. ISBN 9781408143551. <a href="9781408143551" target="_blank">9781408143551</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Porter, Jonathan (2016). Imperial China, 1350-1900. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 123–124. ISBN 9781442222915. <a href="9781442222915" target="_blank">9781442222915</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Dürr, Alfred; Jones, Richard D. P. (2006). "Erschallet, ihr Lieder, BWV 172". The Cantatas of J. S. Bach: With Their Librettos in German-English Parallel Text. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-929776-4. <a href="978-0-19-929776-4" target="_blank">978-0-19-929776-4</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Rodriguez, Alicia C. (2002). "Homestead Act". In Rodriguez, Junius P. (ed.). The Louisiana Purchase: A Historical and Geographical Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. p. 142. ISBN 9781576071885. <a href="9781576071885" target="_blank">9781576071885</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Mogahzy, Yehia El (2009). Engineering Textiles: Integrating the Design and Manufacture of Textile Products. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing. p. 354. ISBN 9781845690489. <a href="9781845690489" target="_blank">9781845690489</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">"Charles Lindbergh: An American Aviator". www.charleslindbergh.com/. Retrieved 19 May 2022. <a href="http://www.charleslindbergh.com/" target="_blank">http://www.charleslindbergh.com/</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">Sjögren, Karl-Göran; Ahlström, Torbjörn; Blank, Malou; Price, T. Douglas; Frei, Karin Margarita (2017). "Early Neolithic human bog finds from Falbygden, western Sweden: New isotopic, osteological and histological investigations". Journal of Neolithic Archaeology (19). Germany: Institute of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology at Kiel University: 101. doi:10.12766/jna.2017.4. ISSN 2197-649X. <a href="https://doi.org/10.12766%2Fjna.2017.4" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.12766%2Fjna.2017.4</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">Jensen, Cecilia (2021). "Historien om Hallonflickan" [Story of the Raspberry Girl] (in Swedish). Falköping: Falbygdens Museum. Archived from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 2023-01-23. <a href="https://www.falkoping.se/falbygdens-museum/upptack-falbygden/historien-om-hallonflickan" target="_blank">https://www.falkoping.se/falbygdens-museum/upptack-falbygden/historien-om-hallonflickan</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">"AF jet, airliner collide; 12 killed". St. Petersburg Times. (Florida). Associated Press. 21 May 1958. p. 1. <a href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=99INAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RHYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4935%2C5591" target="_blank">https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=99INAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RHYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4935%2C5591</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 720-040B AP-AMH Cairo International Airport (CAI)". aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 2022-02-19. <a href="https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19650520-0" target="_blank">https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19650520-0</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">Barré-Sinoussi, F.; Chermann, J. C.; Rey, F.; Nugeyre, M. T.; Chamaret, S.; Gruest, J.; Dauguet, C.; Axler-Blin, C.; Vézinet-Brun, F.; Rouzioux, C.; Rozenbaum, W.; Montagnier, L. (1983). "Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)". Science. 220 (4599): 868–871. Bibcode:1983Sci...220..868B. doi:10.1126/science.6189183. PMID 6189183. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Hudson, David L. (2018). Equal Protection: Documents Decoded. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. p. 179. ISBN 9781440858048. <a href="9781440858048" target="_blank">9781440858048</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">"Indonesia says 98 killed in military plane crash". Reuters. 2009-05-20. Archived from the original on 23 May 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-20. <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSTRE54J0WC20090520" target="_blank">https://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSTRE54J0WC20090520</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">"Mamata Banerjee sworn in as West Bengal chief minister". BBC News. 20 May 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2021. <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13465915" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13465915</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">"Kho Jabing hanged after bid to defer execution fails, lawyers receive ticking-off from court". Today Singapore. 20 May 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2021. <a href="https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/kho-jabing-hanged-after-bid-defer-execution-fails-lawyers-receive-ticking-court?cid=h3_referral_inarticlelinks_03092019_todayonline" target="_blank">https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/kho-jabing-hanged-after-bid-defer-execution-fails-lawyers-receive-ticking-court?cid=h3_referral_inarticlelinks_03092019_todayonline</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">"UN calls on the Singapore Government to halt the execution of Kho Jabing". The Independent. 18 May 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2021. <a href="https://theindependent.sg/un-calls-on-the-singapore-government-to-halt-the-execution-of-kho-jabing/" target="_blank">https://theindependent.sg/un-calls-on-the-singapore-government-to-halt-the-execution-of-kho-jabing/</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">"Amnesty urges Singapore to grant Malaysian man clemency". AsiaOne. 2015-11-06. Archived from the original on October 23, 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2021. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023133453/http://www.asiaone.com/singapore/amnesty-urges-singapore-grant-malaysian-man-clemency" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20171023133453/http://www.asiaone.com/singapore/amnesty-urges-singapore-grant-malaysian-man-clemency</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">Becatoros, Elena; Oleksandr Stashevskyi; Ciaran McQuillan (May 20, 2022). "Russia claims to have taken full control of Mariupol". APNews.com. Retrieved June 8, 2022. <a href="https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-kyiv-prisoners-of-war-71d0dfb842caaaad30b92671637c1f3b" target="_blank">https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-kyiv-prisoners-of-war-71d0dfb842caaaad30b92671637c1f3b</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">"Pedro María Anaya" (in Spanish). Busca Biografias. Retrieved May 27, 2019. <a href="https://www.buscabiografias.com/biografia/verDetalle/10068/Pedro%20Maria%20Anaya" target="_blank">https://www.buscabiografias.com/biografia/verDetalle/10068/Pedro%20Maria%20Anaya</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:25">Identifiants et référentiels pour l'Enseignement. "Gradín, Carlos Joaquín (1918-2002)" (in French). Retrieved 2021-05-23. <a href="https://www.idref.fr/17058741X" target="_blank">https://www.idref.fr/17058741X</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:26">Gradin, Carlos J.; Oliva, Fernando (2004). La región pampeana: su pasado arqueológico. Laborde. ISBN 987-9459-68-7. OCLC 1025944494. In The Library of Congress. "Gradin, Carlos J." id.loc.gov. LCCN no92033009. Retrieved 2021-06-22. <a href="987-9459-68-7" target="_blank">987-9459-68-7</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:27">"Ted Hinton". Barry Hugman's Footballers. Retrieved 28 April 2020. <a href="http://barryhugmansfootballers.com/player/9059" target="_blank">http://barryhugmansfootballers.com/player/9059</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:28">"Samuel Selvon", Encyclopædia Britannica., retrieved 21 May 2018 <a href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/533759/Samuel-Selvon" target="_blank">https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/533759/Samuel-Selvon</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:29">"Falleció Pedro Trebbau, reconocido zoólogo venezolano de origen alemán". El Nacional (in Spanish). 16 January 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021. <a href="https://www.elnacional.com/venezuela/fallecio-pedro-trebbau-reconocido-zoologo-venezolano-de-origen-aleman/" target="_blank">https://www.elnacional.com/venezuela/fallecio-pedro-trebbau-reconocido-zoologo-venezolano-de-origen-aleman/</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:30">"Derek Lampe". Barry Hugman's Footballers. Retrieved 28 April 2020. <a href="http://barryhugmansfootballers.com/player/11307" target="_blank">http://barryhugmansfootballers.com/player/11307</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:31">White, Megan (22 October 2022). "Red Bull founder and F1 team owner Dietrich Mateschitz dies aged 78". Autosport. Retrieved 23 October 2022. <a href="https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/red-bull-founder-mateschitz-dies-at-78/10388607/" target="_blank">https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/red-bull-founder-mateschitz-dies-at-78/10388607/</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:32">"Jane Parker-Smith obituary". the Guardian. 30 July 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2020. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/jul/30/jane-parker-smith-obituary" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/jul/30/jane-parker-smith-obituary</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:33">"Veteran journalist Christie Blatchford was known for her work ethic and wit". <a href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-veteran-journalist-christie-blatchford-was-known-for-her-work-ethic/" target="_blank">https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-veteran-journalist-christie-blatchford-was-known-for-her-work-ethic/</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:34">"Gerry Peyton". 11v11.com. Retrieved 28 April 2020. <a href="https://www.11v11.com/players/gerry-peyton-24574/" target="_blank">https://www.11v11.com/players/gerry-peyton-24574/</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:35">"Clive Allen". soccerbase.com. Retrieved 28 April 2020. <a href="https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=105" target="_blank">https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=105</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:36">"AFL grand final losses still haunt Goddard". ESPN.com. 31 May 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2020. <a href="https://www.espn.co.uk/afl/story/_/id/19505825/afl-grand-final-losses-haunt-goddard" target="_blank">https://www.espn.co.uk/afl/story/_/id/19505825/afl-grand-final-losses-haunt-goddard</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:37">"Dexter Blackstock's Nottingham Forest return 'not far away'". BBC Sport. 23 November 2011. Retrieved 3 May 2020. <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/15841762" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/15841762</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:38">"Joel Moon". National Rugby League. Retrieved 3 May 2020. <a href="https://www.nrl.com/players/world-club-challenge/leeds-rhinos/joel-moon/" target="_blank">https://www.nrl.com/players/world-club-challenge/leeds-rhinos/joel-moon/</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:39">"Fanny Smith". olympedia.org. Retrieved 20 March 2024. <a href="https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/118972" target="_blank">https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/118972</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:40">"FIFA Club World Cup Morocco 2022™: List of Players: Al Ahly SC" (PDF). FIFA. 7 February 2023. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 February 2023. Retrieved 18 February 2023. <a href="https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce71/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf" target="_blank">https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce71/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:41">"Caroline ZHANG - Olympic | United States of America". International Olympic Committee. 26 June 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2020. <a href="https://www.olympic.org/caroline-zhang" target="_blank">https://www.olympic.org/caroline-zhang</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:42">"Kaoru Mitoma". 11 March 2025. <a href="https://www.premierleague.com/players/117732/" target="_blank">https://www.premierleague.com/players/117732/</a> <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:43">"Christopher Columbus | Biography, Voyages, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 21 January 2021. <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christopher-Columbus" target="_blank">https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christopher-Columbus</a> <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:44">de Oliveira, Lola (1941). Minhas Viagens ao Norte do Brasil: Espirito Santo, Baía, Sergipe, Alagoas, Peruambuco, Paraíba, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norke (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Grafica Laemmert. p. 64. OCLC 1128688745. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:45">Mironowicz, Antoni (2001). Kościół prawosławny na ziemiach polskich w XIX i XX wieku. Białystok: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku. ISBN 83-7431-046-4. <a href="83-7431-046-4" target="_blank">83-7431-046-4</a> <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:46">"Spider-Man's Lucy Gordon In Paris Suicide". Sky News. 21 May 2009. Archived from the original on 3 June 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110603202221/http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/UK-News/British-Actress-Lucy-Gordon-In-Paris-Suicide-Spider-Man-3-Star-Takes-Her-Own-Life/Article/200905315285957" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110603202221/http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/UK-News/British-Actress-Lucy-Gordon-In-Paris-Suicide-Spider-Man-3-Star-Takes-Her-Own-Life/Article/200905315285957</a> <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:47">"Barbara Murray obituary". the Guardian. 1 June 2014. Retrieved 24 September 2020. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2014/jun/01/barbara-murray" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2014/jun/01/barbara-murray</a> <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:48">Lum, Selina (20 May 2016). "Convicted murderer Jabing Kho hanged after latest bid to escape gallows fails". The Straits Times. Retrieved 10 March 2021. <a href="https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/courts-crime/convicted-murderer-jabing-kho-hanged-after-latest-bid-to-escape-gallows-fails" target="_blank">https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/courts-crime/convicted-murderer-jabing-kho-hanged-after-latest-bid-to-escape-gallows-fails</a> <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:49">"Niki Lauda, Formula One great, has died at 70". www.cbsnews.com. 21 May 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2020. <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/niki-lauda-formula-one-great-has-died-at-70/" target="_blank">https://www.cbsnews.com/news/niki-lauda-formula-one-great-has-died-at-70/</a> <a href="#fnref:49" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:50">"Gary Wilson's Life". www.garywilson.life. Retrieved 2024-02-26. <a href="https://www.garywilson.life/" target="_blank">https://www.garywilson.life/</a> <a href="#fnref:50" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:51">Longtime New Yorker writer, editor Roger Angell dies <a href="https://www.sfchronicle.com/sports/article/Longtime-New-Yorker-writer-editor-Roger-Angell-17187964.php" target="_blank">https://www.sfchronicle.com/sports/article/Longtime-New-Yorker-writer-editor-Roger-Angell-17187964.php</a> <a href="#fnref:51" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:52">Cruz, Marinel (22 May 2022). "Susan Roces, 80: Iconic in film, low key in charity". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 22 May 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022. <a href="https://entertainment.inquirer.net/449826/susan-roces-80-iconic-in-film-low-key-in-charity" target="_blank">https://entertainment.inquirer.net/449826/susan-roces-80-iconic-in-film-low-key-in-charity</a> <a href="#fnref:52" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:53">Wayne, Leslie (2024-05-20). "Ivan F. Boesky, Rogue Trader in 1980s Wall Street Scandal, Dies at 87". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-05-20. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/20/business/ivan-f-boesky-dead.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/20/business/ivan-f-boesky-dead.html</a> <a href="#fnref:53" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:54">"International Days". www.un.org. 6 January 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2021. <a href="https://www.un.org/en/sections/observances/international-days/" target="_blank">https://www.un.org/en/sections/observances/international-days/</a> <a href="#fnref:54" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

May 20 open-in-new

May 20