Menu
Home
People
Places
Arts
History
Plants & Animals
Science
Life & Culture
Technology
Reference.org
Goethe-Institut
open-in-new
<h2 id="history">History</h2> <ul><li>1951: The government of the German Federal republic replaced the former <a href="/facts/Deutsche_Akademie/xGE9oJrC">Deutsche Akademie</a> with the new Goethe-Institut.</li> <li>1952: The first Goethe-Institut opened in <a href="/facts/Athens/mBxlp8X1">Athens</a>.</li> <li>1953: The first language courses run by the Goethe-Institut began in <a href="/facts/Bad_Reichenhall/aUwgbutw">Bad Reichenhall</a>. Due to growing demand, new centres of learning were opened in <a href="/facts/Murnau_am_Staffelsee/wgw9PqBt">Murnau</a> and <a href="/facts/Kochel/feEYYjKb">Kochel</a>, the focus of selection being on towns which were small and idyllic and which showed post-war Germany at its best. Lessons were taught based on the first textbook developed by the Goethe-Institut, known by its authors' names "Schulz-Griesbach".</li> <li>1953–55: The first foreign lectureships of what was the German Academy were taken over by the Goethe-Institut. Responsibilities included German tuition, teacher training and providing a programme of cultural events to accompany courses.</li> <li>1959–60: On the initiative of the head of the arts sector of the Foreign Office, <a href="/facts/Dieter_Sattler/RCScq7Xe">Dieter Sattler</a>, the Goethe-Institut gradually took over all existing German cultural institutes abroad.</li> <li>1968: Influenced by the student revolts of the late 1960s the Goethe-Institut readjusted its programme of cultural events to include socio-political topics and avant-garde art.</li> <li>1970: Acting on behalf of the Foreign Office, German politician <a href="/facts/Ralf_Dahrendorf/BfMdFC8u">Ralf Dahrendorf</a> developed his "guiding principles for foreign cultural policy". Cultural work involving dialogue and partnership was declared "the third pillar of German foreign policy". During the <a href="/facts/Willy_Brandt/z0tsG4Bk">Willy Brandt</a> era, the concept of "extended culture" formed the basis of activities at the Goethe-Institut.</li> <li>1976: The Foreign Office and the Goethe-Institut signed a general agreement governing the status of the Goethe-Institut, henceforth an independent cultural organisation.</li> <li>1980: A new plan regarding the location of institutes within Germany was drawn up. Course venues in small towns, mostly in <a href="/facts/Bavaria/CLbr6NIG">Bavaria</a>, were replaced by institutes in cities and university towns.</li> <li>1989/90: The fall of the <a href="/facts/Berlin_Wall/WhKAVUE4">Berlin Wall</a> marked a turning point for the Goethe-Institut. Its activities in the 1990s were centered on Eastern Europe, where numerous new institutes were set up.</li> <li>2001: The Goethe-Institut merged with the cultural organization Inter Nationes.</li> <li>2004: The Goethe-Institut established the first Western information centre in <a href="/facts/Pyongyang/muqkpzTE">Pyongyang</a>, <a href="/facts/North_Korea/Q41laakP">North Korea</a>, operational until 2009.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> The Goethe-Institut Inter Nationes also reverted to its original and official name, Goethe-Institut (GI).</li> <li>2005: The Goethe-Institut was honoured with the <a href="/facts/Princess_of_Asturias_Awards/CrffDz2I">Prince of Asturias Prize</a> of Spain.</li> <li>2010: Italian cartoonist <a href="/facts/Bruno_Bozzetto/DF8KnXhI">Bruno Bozzetto</a> created the new cartoon film "<i>Va Bene</i>" for the institute</li> <li>2014: A Goethe-Institut opened in <a href="/facts/Myanmar/zcqQH2oE">Myanmar's</a> capital <a href="/facts/Yangon/y88kj6dh">Yangon</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="organization">Organization</h2> <p>The Goethe-Institut is mainly financed by the federal government of Germany, and has around 1,000 employees and an overall budget of approximately 366 million <a href="/facts/Euro/NWG2nlCx">euros</a>, more than half of which is generated from tuition and examination fees. The institute offers training courses and scholarships, including tuition waivers, to students from foreign countries, who are or want to become teachers of German as a foreign language. </p> <h2 id="locations-by-country">Locations by country</h2> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/List_of_Goethe-Institut_locations/sDyL0fDe">List of Goethe-Institut locations</a></p> <ul><li>In <a href="/facts/Ghana/IkUw32Ya">Ghana</a>, <a href="/facts/Togo/7HzUaQkw">Togo</a> and <a href="/facts/Cameroon/QnrdY05C">Cameroon</a>, the Goethe-Institut opened its first branches in Africa in 1961.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></li> <li>In <a href="/facts/Khartoum/qLorvydI">Khartoum</a>, <a href="/facts/Sudan/yGeaNdvS">Sudan</a>, the Goethe-Institut first opened its doors in 1963 as the fourth African branch.</li> <li>In <a href="/facts/Bangladesh/NXk4f78Y">Bangladesh</a>, the Goethe-Institut opened in <a href="/facts/Dhaka/8IYAkBh9">Dhaka</a> in 1961. It was relocated to its present premises in Dhanmondi in 1967.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></li> <li>In <a href="/facts/Lebanon/2dReTXyp">Lebanon</a>, the Goethe-Institut operated in Rue Gemmayze, one of <a href="/facts/Beirut/0sxJRAqW">Beirut</a>'s renowned streets. After the <a href="/facts/2020_Beirut_explosion/T6Sd0Thd">2020 Beirut explosion</a> it relocated to Beirut's central district.</li> <li>In <a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8">Iran</a>, the Goethe-Institut opened in <a href="/facts/Tehran/S8dmdwyG">Tehran</a> in 1958, but was forced to close in 1981 in a diplomatic row between the host country and Germany. The institute continued some activities under the German embassy in Tehran as a "point for dialogue."</li> <li>In <a href="/facts/Pakistan/cbIsvJy1">Pakistan</a>, the Goethe-Institut has two branches. The <a href="/facts/Goethe-Institut,_Karachi/hwfgTLmJ">Goethe-Institut Karachi</a> is located at Brunton Road, Civil Lines, near the Chief Minister's Residence. It is located in an old bungalow. The <a href="/facts/Lahore/cjHrUPaD">Lahore</a> chapter of the Goethe-Institut is named "<a href="/facts/Annemarie_Schimmel/wGWjm7ns">Annemarie Schimmel</a> Haus", in honour of the well-known German <a href="/facts/Oriental_studies/RImUKTqq">Orientalist</a> and scholar. This centre shares its premises with the <a href="/facts/Alliance_fran%C3%A7aise/xJUjjjxL">Alliance française</a> Lahore (AF), and together they organise joint cultural events.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></li> <li>The institutes in India are called Max Mueller Bhavans, in honour of the German philologist and <a href="/facts/Indology/WJU9K3X6">Indologist</a> <a href="/facts/Max_M%C3%BCller/huQekMHa">Max Müller</a>. They are situated in <a href="/facts/Chennai/8ngv75bW">Chennai</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Coimbatore/vPoyccMR">Coimbatore</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> Pune, Mumbai, New Delhi, Kolkata, and Bangalore (Bengaluru).</li> <li>In Indonesia, there are two Goethe-Institutes, in <a href="/facts/Jakarta/HwQk9xHT">Jakarta</a> and <a href="/facts/Bandung/pruqBqva">Bandung</a>, and a Goethe-Zentrum in <a href="/facts/Surabaya/ueSxkgv9">Surabaya</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/facts/Vietnam/0ulfA8Eq">Vietnam</a>, two branches of the institute are located in <a href="/facts/Hanoi/0W2xfMQN">Hanoi</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/Ho_Chi_Minh_City/TyQxqTmQ">Ho Chi Minh City</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a></li> <li>In Kenya, there is a Goethe-Institut, also known as the German Cultural Centre, in the <a href="/facts/Maendeleo_Ya_Wanawake/KIxQX1cb">Maendeleo Ya Wanawake</a> building, neighbouring the <a href="/facts/Alliance_Fran%C3%A7aise/xJUjjjxL">Alliance Française</a> in Nairobi.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a></li> <li>In the <a href="/facts/Philippines/ARpmxXQV">Philippines</a>, a Goethe-Institut is currently located in <a href="/facts/Makati/DDyb3FlS">Makati</a>, <a href="/facts/Metro_Manila/DQT25K5w">Metro Manila</a>, where it was moved from its former location in <a href="/facts/Quezon_City/YWBLFVWj">Quezon City</a>.</li> <li>In the US, there are several Goethe-Institutes, including the <a href="/facts/Goethe-Institut,_New_York/FHyrxaoB">Goethe-Institut New York</a> and the Goethe-Institut Los Angeles.</li> <li>In <a href="/facts/Nigeria/gbW17BX8">Nigeria</a>, there is a Goethe-Institut learning centre, located on <a href="/facts/Lagos_Island/8SvgeRze">Lagos Island</a>.</li> <li>In the United Kingdom, the Goethe-Institut has a main presence in <a href="/facts/London/KozCCsy9">London's</a> <a href="/facts/South_Kensington/Kmao4VsX">South Kensington</a> area and other offices in <a href="/facts/Glasgow/hHUX44Ra">Glasgow</a> and <a href="/facts/Kentish_Town/VqjvmYLr">Kentish Town</a> in North London.</li> <li>In <a href="/facts/Greece/lqHw8bTB">Greece</a>, the Goethe-Institut has branches in <a href="/facts/Athens/mBxlp8X1">Athens</a> and <a href="/facts/Thessaloniki/o3BFhhPR">Thessaloniki</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/facts/Republic_of_Georgia/W4HpFcEE">Georgia</a>, the Goethe-Institut is located in the capital <a href="/facts/Tbilisi/vcF15SbW">Tbilisi</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/facts/South_Africa/vvXQpLgq">South Africa</a>, the Goethe-Institut has two branches, one in <a href="/facts/Johannesburg/DQd9T8FY">Johannesburg</a> and the other in <a href="/facts/Cape_Town/tFrIG1gz">Cape Town</a>.</li> <li>In the <a href="/facts/Czech_Republic/vJYLD66Q">Czech Republic</a> the Goethe-Institut is located in <a href="/facts/Prague/txpRNTUE">Prague</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="distance-education">Distance education</h2> <p>The Goethe-Institut offers courses in <a href="/facts/Distance_education/73oPr8FW">distance education</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> As a result of the <a href="/facts/COVID-19_pandemic/0xTsh7Ut">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, when most governments imposed <a href="/facts/Stay-at-home_order/cGPU1fWH">stay-at-home orders</a> and/or <a href="/facts/COVID-19_lockdowns/albASEEY">COVID-19 lockdowns</a>, Goethe-Institut introduced a series of "<a href="/facts/Blended_learning/5mSYQgdF">blended learning</a>" courses.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="examinations">Examinations</h2> <p>The institute has developed a series of exams for learners of German as a foreign language (<i>Deutsch als Fremdsprache</i>, DaF) at all levels: A1 up to C2. These can be taken both in Germany and abroad and have been adapted to fit into the <a href="/facts/Common_European_Framework_of_Reference_for_Languages/oNzTH3Nx">Common European Framework of Reference for Languages</a> (CEFR), the standard for European language testing. There is also one exam, the <i>Großes Deutsches Sprachdiplom</i>, which is at a still higher level than the highest CEFR level.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> Below is a table of the basic Goethe-Institut exams as they fit into the scheme:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> </p> <table><tbody><tr><th><a href="/facts/Common_European_Framework_of_Reference_for_Languages/oNzTH3Nx">CEFR</a> level</th><th>Goethe-Institut exam</th><th>Instructional hours (45 minutes) needed</th></tr><tr><td>C2</td><td><a href="/facts/Goethe-Zertifikat_C2/1UYGFe8x">Goethe-Zertifikat C2: Großes Deutsches Sprachdiplom</a></td><td>1,000</td></tr><tr><td>C1</td><td>Goethe-Zertifikat C1 (Prüfung Wirtschaftsdeutsch)</td><td>800–1,000 (both)</td></tr><tr><td>B2</td><td>Goethe-Zertifikat B2 (Zertifikat Deutsch für den Beruf)</td><td>600–800</td></tr><tr><td>B1</td><td>Goethe-Zertifikat B1 (Zertifikat Deutsch)</td><td>350–650</td></tr><tr><td>A2</td><td>Goethe-Zertifikat A2/ Fit In Deutsch 2</td><td>200–350</td></tr><tr><td>A1</td><td>Goethe-Zertifikat A1: Start Deutsch 1/Fit In Deutsch 1</td><td>80–200</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2000, the Goethe-Institut helped to found the Society for Academic Test Development (<i>Gesellschaft für Akademische Testentwicklung e.V.</i>). The resulting TestDaF exams are run by the <a href="/facts/TestDaF-Institut/4bsDIPRN">TestDaF-Institut</a> in <a href="/facts/Hagen/XggyL5vP">Hagen</a>. The tests are supported by the <a href="/facts/German_Academic_Exchange_Service/TJbQruW1">German Academic Exchange Service</a> (DAAD) and are aimed at people who would like to study at <a href="/facts/List_of_universities_in_Germany/qrK01Sv4">German universities</a>, academics and scientists. The TestDaF can be taken in Germany as well as in 65 other countries. For language teachers, there is the "Green Diploma" to acquire and prove qualifications in teaching German as a foreign language.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="awards-and-residency-programs">Awards and Residency programs</h2> <p>The two US-related annually granted awards for literature translations from German into English are the renowned <a href="/facts/Helen_and_Kurt_Wolff_Translator%27s_Prize/EAzfNwSY">Helen and Kurt Wolff Translator's Prize</a>, and the <i>Gutekunst Prize of the Friends of Goethe New York</i>. The latter is open to college students and to all translators under the age of 35 who, at the time the prize is awarded, have not yet published.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> </p> <h3>Helen and Kurt Wolff Translator's Prize</h3> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Helen_and_Kurt_Wolff_Translator%27s_Prize/EAzfNwSY">Helen and Kurt Wolff Translator's Prize</a></p> <h3>Goethe Medal</h3> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Goethe_Medal/VNnzcK5V">Goethe Medal</a></p> <p>Once a year, the Goethe-Institut awards the Goethe Medal, an official decoration of the Federal Republic of Germany. It honours foreign personalities who have performed outstanding service for the German language and international cultural relations. The Goethe Medal was established by the executive committee of the Goethe-Institut in 1954 and acknowledged as an official decoration by the Federal Republic of Germany in 1975. </p> <h3>Goethe-Institut Award for New Translation</h3> <p>The <a href="/facts/Society_of_Authors/cPY0Aybu">Society of Authors</a> and the Goethe-Institut, London, administer the biennial Goethe-Institut Award for New Translation. </p> <h3>Villa Kamogawa artist residency programme</h3> <p>Goethe-Institut Villa Kamogawa (Japanese: ゲーテ・インスティトゥート・ヴィラ鴨川), is a German institution hosting artist residencies in <a href="/facts/Kyoto/gUWtvjfd">Kyoto</a>, Japan. Established in 2011 with an opening ceremony conducted by <a href="/facts/Christian_Wulff/H92LQFDy">Christian Wulff</a>, then President of Germany,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> it is located on the banks of the <a href="/facts/Kamo_River/4SlCp7yG">Kamo River</a> in close vicinity to <a href="/facts/Kyoto_Imperial_Palace/K7ENEyTV">Kyoto Imperial Palace</a>. Villa Kamogawa is one of three major German arts residency programmes abroad, together with Rome's <a href="/facts/Villa_Massimo/4uusYS5M">Villa Massimo</a> and <a href="/facts/Villa_Aurora/grtezt7k">Villa Aurora</a> in Los Angeles.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> It hosts three groups of four artists every year.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> Former fellows include <a href="/facts/Doris_D%C3%B6rrie/4GEEbNV1">Doris Dörrie</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> <a href="/facts/J%C3%B6rg_Koopmann/pejhq30V">Jörg Koopmann</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/Stefan_Goldmann/Tx4r52sk">Stefan Goldmann</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="notable-students">Notable students</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Avi_Primor/RcuFvLMz">Avi Primor</a> (born 1935), Israeli publicist and former diplomat<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></li> <li>Jorge Mario Bergoglio (born 1936), <a href="/facts/Pope_Francis/F2uNhKC9">Pope Francis</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ian_Kershaw/zbhM7sF3">Ian Kershaw</a> (born 1943), English historian</li> <li><a href="/facts/Sanmao_(author)/HNoFMva2">Sanmao</a> (1943–1991), Taiwanese author<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Primo_Levi/dIzLpHvz">Primo Levi</a> (1919 – 1987), Italian writer, Holocaust survivor</li> <li><a href="/facts/Ren%C3%A9e_Fleming/G1HBU7mw">Renée Fleming</a> (born 1959), American opera singer<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Auma_Obama/LQcMK7Cj">Auma Obama</a> (born 1960), journalist</li></ul> <h2 id="recognition">Recognition</h2> <p>In 2005, along with the <a href="/facts/Alliance_fran%C3%A7aise/xJUjjjxL">Alliance française</a>, the <a href="/facts/Societ%C3%A0_Dante_Alighieri/YvK8byJy">Società Dante Alighieri</a>, the <a href="/facts/British_Council/zdz5k2sS">British Council</a>, the <a href="/facts/Instituto_Cervantes/rTxUWm51">Instituto Cervantes</a>, and the <a href="/facts/Instituto_Cam%C3%B5es/1hy7y6XR">Instituto Camões</a>, the Goethe-Institut was awarded the Prince of Asturias Award for achievements in communications and the humanities. In 2007, it received a special <a href="/facts/Konrad_Duden/JjPTuWra">Konrad Duden</a> Prize for its work in the field of German language.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_German_is_an_official_language/amtemvdH">List of countries and territories where German is an official language</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/German_language_in_the_United_States/qtYxmDKv">German language in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/German_American_Partnership_Program/98nNgvYW">German American Partnership Program</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Hallo_aus_Berlin/jJkUWsPV">Hallo aus Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Cultural_Diplomacy/h7kxegHT">Cultural Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Public_diplomacy/kPJGNCqq">Public diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/European_Union_National_Institutes_for_Culture/XcEJqXw5">European Union National Institutes for Culture</a></li></ul> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Lentz, Carola (2024). <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20241214062540/https://www.klett-cotta.de/produkt/carola-lentz-the-goethe-institut-9783608124552-t-9084">"The Goethe-Institut. A History from 1951 to the present"</a>. <i>Klett-Cotta Verlag</i>. Archived from <a href="https://www.klett-cotta.de/produkt/carola-lentz-the-goethe-institut-9783608124552-t-9084">the original</a> on 14 December 2024.</li> <li><a href="https://www.bundespraesident.de/SharedDocs/Reden/DE/Frank-Walter-Steinmeier/Reden/2022/02/220221-Senegal-Goethe-Institut.html">"Rede: Grundsteinlegung für das Goethe-Institut Senegal"</a>. <i><a href="/facts/Der_Bundespr%C3%A4sident/alla2gvH">Der Bundespräsident</a></i> (in German). 22 February 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2022.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Goethe-Institut. <ul><li><a href="http://www.goethe.de">Official website</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.goethe.de/en/uun/pub/jah.html">Annual reports (Jahrbuch)</a> (PDF, in English)</li> <li><a href="http://www.goethe.de/ins/wwt/sta/enindex.htm">List of locations from the Goethe-Institut web site</a> (in German and English)</li> <li><a href="http://www.goethe.de/lrn/enindex.htm">Learning German with the Goethe-Institut</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.goethe.de/ins/de/enindex.htm">Learning German in Germany – German courses and exams – Goethe-Institut in Germany</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Das Goethe-Institut" (PDF). Bundestag. Berlin: Bundestag, Wissenschaftliche Dienste. 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 May 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2019. <a href="https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/414912/0568e39c4b0e2c59ab740dd792f7b8a7/wd-10-043-06-pdf-data.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/414912/0568e39c4b0e2c59ab740dd792f7b8a7/wd-10-043-06-pdf-data.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Bach, Aya (29 July 2011). "Cultural dialogue - Goethe-Institut looks back on 60 years of cultural Exchange". dw.com. Retrieved 7 February 2025. <a href="https://www.dw.com/en/goethe-institut-looks-back-on-60-years-of-cultural-exchange/a-15277312" target="_blank">https://www.dw.com/en/goethe-institut-looks-back-on-60-years-of-cultural-exchange/a-15277312</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Goethe-Institut. "Mission and goals". www.goethe.de. Retrieved 7 February 2025. <a href="https://www.goethe.de/ins/de/en/uun/auf.html" target="_blank">https://www.goethe.de/ins/de/en/uun/auf.html</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Goethe-Institut to close center in North Korea on censorship claim Archived 8 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine, 26 November 2009, Deutsche Welle, accessed 9 May 2012. <a href="http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,4928516,00.html" target="_blank">http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,4928516,00.html</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Institut Goethe - exemple cooperation culturelle". www.portalangop.co.ao. Retrieved 7 February 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) <a href="http://www.portalangop.co.ao/angola/fr_fr/noticias/lazer-e-cultura/institut-Goethe-exemple-cooperation-culturelle,2a92966b-8978-4f76-826e-7683b7032839.html" target="_blank">http://www.portalangop.co.ao/angola/fr_fr/noticias/lazer-e-cultura/institut-Goethe-exemple-cooperation-culturelle,2a92966b-8978-4f76-826e-7683b7032839.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"About us – Goethe-Institut Bangladesh". www.goethe.de. Archived from the original on 3 July 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2019. <a href="https://www.goethe.de/ins/bd/en/ueb.html" target="_blank">https://www.goethe.de/ins/bd/en/ueb.html</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Goethe-Institut to start Tiruchi centre next year". The Hindu. 10 September 2010. Archived from the original on 19 September 2010. Retrieved 11 May 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100919204105/http://www.hindu.com/2010/09/10/stories/2010091065930300.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20100919204105/http://www.hindu.com/2010/09/10/stories/2010091065930300.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"GOETHE-INSTITUT MAX MUELLER BHAVAN CHENNAI". Goethe.de. Archived from the original on 14 August 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2025. <a href="https://www.goethe.de/ins/in/en/sta/che.html?wt_sc=chennai" target="_blank">https://www.goethe.de/ins/in/en/sta/che.html?wt_sc=chennai</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"GOETHE CENTRES". Goethe.de. <a href="https://www.goethe.de/ins/in/en/sta/koo/goz.html" target="_blank">https://www.goethe.de/ins/in/en/sta/koo/goz.html</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Goethe-Institut Hanoi". Goethe.de. Archived from the original on 27 December 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2025. <a href="https://www.goethe.de/ins/vn/vi/sta/han.html" target="_blank">https://www.goethe.de/ins/vn/vi/sta/han.html</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"Goethe-Institut Ho Chi Minh City". Goethe.de. Archived from the original on 27 December 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2025. <a href="https://www.goethe.de/ins/vn/vi/sta/hcm.html" target="_blank">https://www.goethe.de/ins/vn/vi/sta/hcm.html</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"Contact and opening hours – Goethe-Institut Kenia". www.goethe.de. Archived from the original on 21 February 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018. <a href="https://www.goethe.de/ins/ke/en/ueb/kon.html" target="_blank">https://www.goethe.de/ins/ke/en/ueb/kon.html</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>John George. "Deutsche Sprache – Goethe-Institut". Goethe.de. Archived from the original on 28 February 2009. Retrieved 26 May 2015. <a href="http://www.goethe.de/lrn/prj/fnu/dln/a1/eld/enindex.htm" target="_blank">http://www.goethe.de/lrn/prj/fnu/dln/a1/eld/enindex.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"Standard German Courses – A1-C2 – Goethe-Institut Singapur". Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020. <a href="https://www.goethe.de/ins/sg/en/kur/kur/gia/stk.html" target="_blank">https://www.goethe.de/ins/sg/en/kur/kur/gia/stk.html</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"Goethe-Institut launches Tiruchi Centre". The Hindu. 20 January 2011. Archived from the original on 25 January 2011. Retrieved 11 May 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110125012854/http://www.hindu.com/2011/01/20/stories/2011012062010200.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110125012854/http://www.hindu.com/2011/01/20/stories/2011012062010200.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"Deutschprüfungen – Unsere Prüfungen – Goethe-Institut". Goethe.de. Retrieved 26 May 2015. <a href="http://www.goethe.de/lrn/prj/pba/bes/deindex.htm" target="_blank">http://www.goethe.de/lrn/prj/pba/bes/deindex.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>"The Green diploma training programme – Goethe-Institut Libanon". www.goethe.de. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 27 September 2019. <a href="https://www.goethe.de/ins/lb/en/spr/unt/for/gia/grd.html" target="_blank">https://www.goethe.de/ins/lb/en/spr/unt/for/gia/grd.html</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>"Gutekunst Prize of the Friends of Goethe New York". Goethe-Institut New York. Archived from the original on 25 May 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2019. <a href="https://www.goethe.de/ins/us/en/kul/bks/uef/gut.html" target="_blank">https://www.goethe.de/ins/us/en/kul/bks/uef/gut.html</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>"Die mit dem Wulff tanzen – Nun hat auch Asien eine Künstlerresidenz" (in German). 27 October 2011. Archived from the original on 16 September 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2025. <a href="https://www.bild.de/politik/ausland/christian-wulff/wulff-eroeffnet-deutsche-kuenstlerresidenz-in-kyoto-20679370.bild.html" target="_blank">https://www.bild.de/politik/ausland/christian-wulff/wulff-eroeffnet-deutsche-kuenstlerresidenz-in-kyoto-20679370.bild.html</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>"Wullf eröffnet deutsche Künstlerresidenz in Japan" (in German). Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 9 March 2021. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210517222203/https://www.focus.de/politik/ausland/bundespraesident-wulff-eroeffnet-deutsche-kuenstlerresidenz-in-japan_aid_678277.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20210517222203/https://www.focus.de/politik/ausland/bundespraesident-wulff-eroeffnet-deutsche-kuenstlerresidenz-in-japan_aid_678277.html</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>"Villa Kamogawa opening" (in German). Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2025. <a href="https://www.bundespraesident.de/SharedDocs/Reden/DE/Christian-Wulff/Reden/2011/10/111026-Japan-Villa-Kamogawa.html?nn=2747918" target="_blank">https://www.bundespraesident.de/SharedDocs/Reden/DE/Christian-Wulff/Reden/2011/10/111026-Japan-Villa-Kamogawa.html?nn=2747918</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>""Kyoto ist ja die Stadt der Kunst und der Bildung"" (in German). Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2025. <a href="https://www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/kyoto-ist-ja-die-stadt-der-kunst-und-der-bildung.954.de.html?dram:article_id=146633" target="_blank">https://www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/kyoto-ist-ja-die-stadt-der-kunst-und-der-bildung.954.de.html?dram:article_id=146633</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>""Deutsche Künstlerresidenzen im Ausland"". Deutsche Welle (in German). Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2025. <a href="https://www.dw.com/de/deutsche-k%C3%BCnstlerresidenzen-im-ausland/g-16839808" target="_blank">https://www.dw.com/de/deutsche-k%C3%BCnstlerresidenzen-im-ausland/g-16839808</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>""Deutsche Künstlerresidenzen im Ausland"". Deutsche Welle (in German). Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2025. <a href="https://www.dw.com/de/deutsche-k%C3%BCnstlerresidenzen-im-ausland/g-16839808" target="_blank">https://www.dw.com/de/deutsche-k%C3%BCnstlerresidenzen-im-ausland/g-16839808</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>"Kunst@Kamogawa ～ヴィラ鴨川で、ドイツのアートに親しもう！～" (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2025. <a href="http://kyoto-artbox.jp/event/16786/" target="_blank">http://kyoto-artbox.jp/event/16786/</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>"ドイツアート Bar Creators@Kamogawa" (PDF) (in Japanese). Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 July 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2025. <a href="http://www.kcua.ac.jp/wp-content/uploads/STANDARD.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.kcua.ac.jp/wp-content/uploads/STANDARD.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>Krex, Alexander (4 September 2012). "Alexander Krex: Das Berghain in Kyoto, Zeit Online". Die Zeit (in German). Archived from the original on 14 December 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2025. <a href="https://www.zeit.de/kultur/musik/2012-09/techno-szene-japan" target="_blank">https://www.zeit.de/kultur/musik/2012-09/techno-szene-japan</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>Pataczek, Anna (25 July 2013). "Deutsch lernen mit Schnäpschen". Der Tagesspiegel. Berlin. Archived from the original on 30 April 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2019. <a href="https://www.tagesspiegel.de/wissen/60-jahre-sprachkurse-des-goethe-instituts-deutsch-lernen-mit-schnaepschen/8549018.html" target="_blank">https://www.tagesspiegel.de/wissen/60-jahre-sprachkurse-des-goethe-instituts-deutsch-lernen-mit-schnaepschen/8549018.html</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>Pataczek, Anna (25 July 2013). "Deutsch lernen mit Schnäpschen". Der Tagesspiegel. Berlin. Archived from the original on 30 April 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2019. <a href="https://www.tagesspiegel.de/wissen/60-jahre-sprachkurse-des-goethe-instituts-deutsch-lernen-mit-schnaepschen/8549018.html" target="_blank">https://www.tagesspiegel.de/wissen/60-jahre-sprachkurse-des-goethe-instituts-deutsch-lernen-mit-schnaepschen/8549018.html</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>Barmé, Geremie R. (2000). In the Red: On Contemporary Chinese Culture. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 110. ISBN 978-0-231-50245-0. <a href="978-0-231-50245-0" target="_blank">978-0-231-50245-0</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>Pataczek, Anna (25 July 2013). "Deutsch lernen mit Schnäpschen". Der Tagesspiegel. Berlin. Archived from the original on 30 April 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2019. <a href="https://www.tagesspiegel.de/wissen/60-jahre-sprachkurse-des-goethe-instituts-deutsch-lernen-mit-schnaepschen/8549018.html" target="_blank">https://www.tagesspiegel.de/wissen/60-jahre-sprachkurse-des-goethe-instituts-deutsch-lernen-mit-schnaepschen/8549018.html</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:32"><p>"Pressemitteilungen – 2019 – Goethe-Institut". www.goethe.de. Archived from the original on 7 July 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2019. <a href="https://www.goethe.de/de/uun/prs/p18.html" target="_blank">https://www.goethe.de/de/uun/prs/p18.html</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>