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Globalization and World Cities Research Network
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<h2 id="gawc-city-classification">GaWC city classification</h2> <p>The GaWC examines cities worldwide to narrow them down to a roster of world cities, then ranks these based on their connectivity through four "advanced producer services": accountancy, advertising, banking/finance, and law.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> The GaWC inventory ranks city <a href="/facts/Economics/HYctA2Dn">economics</a> more heavily than political or cultural factors. Beyond the categories of "Alpha" world cities (with four sub-categories), "Beta" world cities (three sub-categories), and "Gamma" world cities (three sub-categories), the GaWC cities include additional cities at "High sufficiency" and "Sufficiency" level. </p><p>GaWC published city classifications in 1998, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2016, 2018, 2020, 2022 and 2024.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> The 2004 rankings added several new indicators while continuing to rank city economics more heavily than political or cultural factors. The 2008 roster, similar to the 1998 version, is sorted into categories of Alpha world cities (with four sub-categories), Beta world cities (three sub-categories), Gamma world cities (three sub-categories), and additional cities with High sufficiency or Sufficiency presence. The list has been prone to change in the ranks. For example, some cities that were selected prior to 2018, such as the United States cities of <a href="/facts/Greensboro%2c_North_Carolina/FcWCY6PC">Greensboro</a> and <a href="/facts/Providence%2c_Rhode_Island/77kh9zJT">Providence</a>, are no longer classified as sufficient level.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="2024-city-classification">2024 city classification</h2> <a href="/facts/New_York_City/YlyvFmVC"></a><a href="/facts/New_York_City/YlyvFmVC">New York</a><a href="/facts/Paris/DrNHpwnA"></a><a href="/facts/Paris/DrNHpwnA">Paris</a><a href="/facts/London/KozCCsy9"></a><a href="/facts/London/KozCCsy9">London</a><a href="/facts/Tokyo/GTvuw4ct"></a><a href="/facts/Tokyo/GTvuw4ct">Tokyo</a><a href="/facts/Beijing/Bg4puFBv"></a><a href="/facts/Beijing/Bg4puFBv">Beijing</a><a href="/facts/Hong_Kong/4nAf3mqQ"></a><a href="/facts/Hong_Kong/4nAf3mqQ">Hong Kong</a><a href="/facts/Singapore/CQDkhUvD"></a><a href="/facts/Singapore/CQDkhUvD">Singapore</a><a href="/facts/Shanghai/nYyuBo2S"></a><a href="/facts/Shanghai/nYyuBo2S">Shanghai</a><a href="/facts/Dubai/v44jdkJK"></a><a href="/facts/Dubai/v44jdkJK">Dubai</a><a href="/facts/Sydney/8TegRcwB"></a><a href="/facts/Sydney/8TegRcwB">Sydney</a>class=notpageimage| Top global cities per the GaWC 2024 rankings. Shown are "Alpha ++" cities (marked in gold) and "Alpha +" cities (marked in red).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a><ul><li>v</li><li>t</li><li>e</li></ul> <p> The classification results for 2020 are derived from the activities of 175 leading firms providing advanced producer services across 802 cities worldwide. The results should be interpreted as indicating the importance of cities as nodes in the world city network (i.e. enabling corporate globalization).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> The cities in the 2024 classification are as follows, listed in alphabetical order per section:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p><p>(1) or (1) indicates a city moved one category up or down since the 2022 classification.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p> <h3>Alpha</h3> <p>Alpha level cities are linked to major economic states/regions and highly integrated into the world economy. Alpha level cities are classified into four sections: Alpha ++, Alpha +, Alpha, and Alpha − cities. </p> <h4>Alpha ++</h4> <p>Alpha ++ cities are cities most integrated with the global economy: </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2"></a> <a href="/facts/London/KozCCsy9">London</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/New_York_City/YlyvFmVC">New York</a></li></ul> <h4>Alpha +</h4> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Hong_Kong/4nAf3mqQ"></a> <a href="/facts/Hong_Kong/4nAf3mqQ">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Beijing/Bg4puFBv">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Singapore/CQDkhUvD"></a> <a href="/facts/Singapore/CQDkhUvD">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Shanghai/nYyuBo2S">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Paris/DrNHpwnA">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_Arab_Emirates/o1bEjgbR"></a> <a href="/facts/Dubai/v44jdkJK">Dubai</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Tokyo/GTvuw4ct">Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Australia/qLHpbppq"></a> <a href="/facts/Sydney/8TegRcwB">Sydney</a> (1)</li></ul> <p>Alpha + are "other highly integrated cities that complement <a href="/facts/London/KozCCsy9">London</a> and <a href="/facts/New_York_City/YlyvFmVC">New York</a>, largely filling in advanced service needs for the Pacific/Asia [region]":<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p> <h4>Alpha</h4> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Netherlands/y8xn5stT"></a> <a href="/facts/Amsterdam/Xdd393bz">Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Thailand/GCUnN4JK"></a> <a href="/facts/Bangkok/WRxftcFz">Bangkok</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Chicago/yPMokrXH">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> <a href="/facts/Frankfurt/Pw4Xj9A4">Frankfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Guangzhou/9hxfmEjq">Guangzhou</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Turkey/KIYAWAs0"></a> <a href="/facts/Istanbul/Xo1hzGWH">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Indonesia/vQnWU3IW"></a> <a href="/facts/Jakarta/HwQk9xHT">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Malaysia/8zbUMzCP"></a> <a href="/facts/Kuala_Lumpur/2dCzRWjL">Kuala Lumpur</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Los_Angeles/pyXpYEX9">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Spain/bIyrB8EY"></a> <a href="/facts/Madrid/B63nL2DB">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mexico/IT5bwhdh"></a> <a href="/facts/Mexico_City/gEnGxDEd">Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF"></a> <a href="/facts/Milan/0xrtbPdt">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Mumbai/BdoEc10R">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL"></a> <a href="/facts/S%25C3%25A3o_Paulo/pPqRTTR0">São Paulo</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/South_Korea/pCobAaVw"></a> <a href="/facts/Seoul/H0Xloz9o">Seoul</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a> <a href="/facts/Toronto/cnXH7881">Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Poland/eXJ7fd0D"></a> <a href="/facts/Warsaw/0cRqN3pw">Warsaw</a></li></ul> <h4>Alpha −</h4> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> <a href="/facts/Berlin/pMTIRNXK">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Boston/exjfn6xf">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Belgium/YKuMXP5j"></a> <a href="/facts/Brussels/tNzHrQYP">Brussels</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Argentina/aFSA5bAk"></a> <a href="/facts/Buenos_Aires/9lUVmS7f">Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Republic_of_Ireland/k8JzXVze"></a> <a href="/facts/Dublin/Fv8ezm8a">Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> <a href="/facts/D%25C3%25BCsseldorf/twteRHCh">Düsseldorf</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Houston/1v8AwQUN">Houston</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/South_Africa/vvXQpLgq"></a> <a href="/facts/Johannesburg/DQd9T8FY">Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Portugal/lYzwDQ63"></a> <a href="/facts/Lisbon/zFTcC99e">Lisbon</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Luxembourg/vRN04l7f"></a> <a href="/facts/Luxembourg_City/ksMl7vlK">Luxembourg City</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Australia/qLHpbppq"></a> <a href="/facts/Melbourne/EHY9YxI0">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> <a href="/facts/Munich/Pr6zw2ev">Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/New_Delhi/9UMpnDN8">New Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Saudi_Arabia/uyUpe1J2"></a> <a href="/facts/Riyadh/2e9UVxy5">Riyadh</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/San_Francisco/cb9l7hbC">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Chile/uEyTfEcx"></a> <a href="/facts/Santiago/JfuaYt26">Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Shenzhen/B8rnXRf8">Shenzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Sweden/u3qC7lyj"></a> <a href="/facts/Stockholm/sD74W4Pm">Stockholm</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Taiwan/VcJoUD8w"></a> <a href="/facts/Taipei/uxB89v54">Taipei</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Austria/4qWIMIyc"></a> <a href="/facts/Vienna/NSpIURsA">Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Washington%2c_D.C./enXPK156">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Switzerland/LcGuxeTe"></a> <a href="/facts/Zurich/dXpgq7df">Zurich</a></li></ul> <h3>Beta</h3> <p>Beta level cities are cities that link moderate economic regions to the world economy and are classified into three sections: Beta +, Beta, and Beta − cities. </p> <h4>Beta +</h4> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Greece/lqHw8bTB"></a> <a href="/facts/Athens/mBxlp8X1">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Atlanta/8hPVGb78">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/New_Zealand/4mpSlJdg"></a> <a href="/facts/Auckland/wRcayHa2">Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Spain/bIyrB8EY"></a> <a href="/facts/Barcelona/8PWLdRbW">Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Bengaluru/LoufLHv4">Bengaluru</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Colombia/nl7r8Q2u"></a> <a href="/facts/Bogot%25C3%25A1/d0u4M1AR">Bogotá</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Romania/yolzk5cN"></a> <a href="/facts/Bucharest/4xQnsGwM">Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Hungary/YRedQLtI"></a> <a href="/facts/Budapest/VdcUAkxm">Budapest</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Chengdu/0o7w6dvR">Chengdu</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Dallas/f3c7MQn0">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Qatar/K4EkNXJE"></a> <a href="/facts/Doha/sKFBtyal">Doha</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> <a href="/facts/Hamburg/kmAAsYtT">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Hangzhou/wXb5auh7">Hangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Vietnam/0ulfA8Eq"></a> <a href="/facts/Ho_Chi_Minh_City/TyQxqTmQ">Ho Chi Minh City</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Peru/dBt7XrYD"></a> <a href="/facts/Lima/YrHEnS3R">Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Miami/L5FsgQcb">Miami</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a> <a href="/facts/Montreal/uQQaWd1b">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Czech_Republic/vJYLD66Q"></a> <a href="/facts/Prague/txpRNTUE">Prague</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF"></a> <a href="/facts/Rome/bh1Ttx3T">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Tianjin/XtlF4hX1">Tianjin</a></li></ul> <h4>Beta</h4> <ul><li><a href="/facts/United_Arab_Emirates/o1bEjgbR"></a> <a href="/facts/Abu_Dhabi/0fXh0jQ2">Abu Dhabi</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Australia/qLHpbppq"></a> <a href="/facts/Brisbane/DdUE1VPW">Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Egypt/8Ttg0JwB"></a> <a href="/facts/Cairo/dXjj60ar">Cairo</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a> <a href="/facts/Calgary/DrFtRbEH">Calgary</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Chongqing/TdWVCCKY">Chongqing</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Denmark/KVtykzsw"></a> <a href="/facts/Copenhagen/58Tl28IX">Copenhagen</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Dalian/ashJRPp2">Dalian</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Switzerland/LcGuxeTe"></a> <a href="/facts/Geneva/14gXxjcq">Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Vietnam/0ulfA8Eq"></a> <a href="/facts/Hanoi/0W2xfMQN">Hanoi</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Jinan/MWXCPRjU">Jinan</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ukraine/Qof0uqAj"></a> <a href="/facts/Kyiv/uVAMxK8R">Kyiv</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Bahrain/ndXdWPhr"></a> <a href="/facts/Manama/FrWnjoYv">Manama</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Philippines/ARpmxXQV"></a> <a href="/facts/Manila/1jLySodG">Manila</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Kenya/Y9Ko9pQu"></a> <a href="/facts/Nairobi/AykVFgL3">Nairobi</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Nanjing/WennCVWt">Nanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Norway/wlDRKRTR"></a> <a href="/facts/Oslo/PRJtFYUl">Oslo</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Australia/qLHpbppq"></a> <a href="/facts/Perth/63YUr99S">Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Shenyang/dNJnIBc3">Shenyang</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Suzhou%2c_Jiangsu/6ncxdpYK">Suzhou</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> <a href="/facts/Tel_Aviv/cQ8X3WVd">Tel Aviv</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Wuhan/AGKKmphL">Wuhan</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Xiamen/h431LYgR">Xiamen</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Zhengzhou/yhtxIrLP">Zhengzhou</a> (2)</li></ul> <h4>Beta −</h4> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Lebanon/2dReTXyp"></a> <a href="/facts/Beirut/0sxJRAqW">Beirut</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Serbia/U0LVzPdI"></a> <a href="/facts/Belgrade/Xeaz5zIy">Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Slovakia/gmJwpwM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Bratislava/mr28JyEg">Bratislava</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Venezuela/eX1qnkln"></a> <a href="/facts/Caracas/5MSJo2SQ">Caracas</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Morocco/6ly8170M"></a> <a href="/facts/Casablanca/pKXG2Nmy">Casablanca</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Changsha/35jaRSAN">Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Chennai/8ngv75bW">Chennai</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Denver/KWUnuDSu">Denver</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Hefei/h8gGTMT6">Hefei</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Finland/G5Ak6T91"></a> <a href="/facts/Helsinki/9za9r3jS">Helsinki</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Pakistan/cbIsvJy1"></a> <a href="/facts/Karachi/pz65ABkw">Karachi</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Kunming/F9sXluAL">Kunming</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Nigeria/gbW17BX8"></a> <a href="/facts/Lagos/sujDJmtW">Lagos</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Lyon/hKh6EX67">Lyon</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2"></a> <a href="/facts/Manchester/2Do01QHs">Manchester</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Uruguay/X6V0apCb"></a> <a href="/facts/Montevideo/c3skInud">Montevideo</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Cyprus/t9wL6lVK"></a> <a href="/facts/Nicosia/fMQCEtDL">Nicosia</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Panama/GckVVhnp"></a> <a href="/facts/Panama_City/fKk6qAkE">Panama City</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Philadelphia/2bFFCCTU">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mauritius/lVUARna5"></a> <a href="/facts/Port_Louis/yd1kFXSd">Port Louis</a> (6)</li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Qingdao/5BjM20Ju">Qingdao</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL"></a> <a href="/facts/Rio_de_Janeiro/AVPTJJ2C">Rio de Janeiro</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Seattle/7lYIrCa6">Seattle</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Bulgaria/Er5pY3YS"></a> <a href="/facts/Sofia/KPjJt9Rf">Sofia</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> <a href="/facts/Stuttgart/H4DCyM2U">Stuttgart</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a> <a href="/facts/Vancouver/rn2AKA1n">Vancouver</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Xi%2527an/yaIdymtu">Xi'an</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Croatia/MSS0yyvw"></a> <a href="/facts/Zagreb/KPf8bzLI">Zagreb</a></li></ul> <h3>Gamma</h3> <p>Gamma level cities are cities that link smaller economic regions into the world economy and are classified into three sections: Gamma +, Gamma, and Gamma − cities. </p> <h4>Gamma +</h4> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Australia/qLHpbppq"></a> <a href="/facts/Adelaide/G3eYAnxs">Adelaide</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Almaty/Yh24FdEl">Almaty</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Jordan/JC5sS1oJ"></a> <a href="/facts/Amman/eGCyJk1L">Amman</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Belgium/YKuMXP5j"></a> <a href="/facts/Antwerp/v3Rwa1Mu">Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Austin%2c_Texas/xpVP4t98">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/South_Africa/vvXQpLgq"></a> <a href="/facts/Cape_Town/tFrIG1gz">Cape Town</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Sri_Lanka/VtTBmysE"></a> <a href="/facts/Colombo/dcLPUe6t">Colombo</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Bangladesh/NXk4f78Y"></a> <a href="/facts/Dhaka/8IYAkBh9">Dhaka</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Fuzhou/cwdq5LnU">Fuzhou</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Guatemala/MoMcSnla"></a> <a href="/facts/Guatemala_City/nTSb65wM">Guatemala City</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Hyderabad/APPUtNqU">Hyderabad</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Kuwait/HJLFQ59s"></a> <a href="/facts/Kuwait_City/14MnXtKg">Kuwait City</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Pakistan/cbIsvJy1"></a> <a href="/facts/Lahore/cjHrUPaD">Lahore</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Minneapolis/gEsXsP3d">Minneapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Portugal/lYzwDQ63"></a> <a href="/facts/Porto/wk5eA3zH">Porto</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Netherlands/y8xn5stT"></a> <a href="/facts/Rotterdam/p8LbhGmE">Rotterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/San_Diego/YFUP7gB9">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Dominican_Republic/u36V3Nsb"></a> <a href="/facts/Santo_Domingo/WN8h3hcs">Santo Domingo</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Taiyuan/NcfBHVY1">Taiyuan</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Tunisia/4uC8Po6k"></a> <a href="/facts/Tunis/nmKNnW85">Tunis</a> (1)</li></ul> <h4>Gamma</h4> <ul><li><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Ahmedabad/l0h2YG5R">Ahmedabad</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2"></a> <a href="/facts/Birmingham/lNd1h81V">Birmingham</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF"></a> <a href="/facts/Bologna/glE9rlrW">Bologna</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2"></a> <a href="/facts/Bristol/nLwyoDTG">Bristol</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Detroit/S84s4PGo">Detroit</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Haikou/zsxd3akD">Haikou</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Harbin/IPtT5S5o">Harbin</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Pakistan/cbIsvJy1"></a> <a href="/facts/Islamabad/3xUNDt3g">Islamabad</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Uganda/PabdegRm"></a> <a href="/facts/Kampala/62v9AGDl">Kampala</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mexico/IT5bwhdh"></a> <a href="/facts/Monterrey/06nTIxDw">Monterrey</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Oman/yNr7BPbm"></a> <a href="/facts/Muscat/hudxK0oh">Muscat</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Nashville%2c_Tennessee/KvWAcNtd">Nashville</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Ningbo/mgWo1yKG">Ningbo</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Osaka/sbS1N7sl">Osaka</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Cambodia/t1wJd6GU"></a> <a href="/facts/Phnom_Penh/ktunGhSR">Phnom Penh</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Pune/MCeWSVBF">Pune</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Ecuador/Tdv7czY4"></a> <a href="/facts/Quito/M6UU8dgA">Quito</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Latvia/y2PSa8lx"></a> <a href="/facts/Riga/PCWbJn2h">Riga</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Costa_Rica/baw0GTI1"></a> <a href="/facts/San_Jos%25C3%25A9%2c_Costa_Rica/3pjGNW9m">San José</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/San_Jose%2c_California/PCaTmTDq">San Jose</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/El_Salvador/6Plzw4vr"></a> <a href="/facts/San_Salvador/Fe7nvh21">San Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Tampa%2c_Florida/lnjNsRL6">Tampa</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Georgia_(country)/ccBF8bBE"></a> <a href="/facts/Tbilisi/vcF15SbW">Tbilisi</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Honduras/75jMlRQ1"></a> <a href="/facts/Tegucigalpa/uSB5Su5C">Tegucigalpa</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Albania/8GP40BUD"></a> <a href="/facts/Tirana/7WeM7vDs">Tirana</a> (1)</li></ul> <h4>Gamma −</h4> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Ghana/IkUw32Ya"></a> <a href="/facts/Accra/wm954H5w">Accra</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Azerbaijan/Ho5joRTJ"></a> <a href="/facts/Baku/oUVVcRN1">Baku</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Baltimore/ncJvTzBU">Baltimore</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Spain/bIyrB8EY"></a> <a href="/facts/Bilbao/QkG7WHTC">Bilbao</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Colombia/nl7r8Q2u"></a> <a href="/facts/Cali/15FXM2fU">Cali</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Changchun/Kyw1Q4kH">Changchun</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Charlotte%2c_North_Carolina/JVJT5LzT">Charlotte</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Cleveland/rQb7qveu">Cleveland</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Tanzania/MJueJ7E4"></a> <a href="/facts/Dar_es_Salaam/yC5I74oh">Dar es Salaam</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2"></a> <a href="/facts/Edinburgh/PcsoaK9h">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Saudi_Arabia/uyUpe1J2"></a> <a href="/facts/Jeddah/JPlV41xo">Jeddah</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Poland/eXJ7fd0D"></a> <a href="/facts/Katowice/k8erX800">Katowice</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Malaysia/8zbUMzCP"></a> <a href="/facts/Labuan/6aSjp8pY">Labuan</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Slovenia/EcYU22W4"></a> <a href="/facts/Ljubljana/zwTrXoTb">Ljubljana</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Nicaragua/PsyPGXxm"></a> <a href="/facts/Managua/y87aVRGE">Managua</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Marseille/kj7te1HG">Marseille</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Nanchang/5plbX53z">Nanchang</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Malaysia/8zbUMzCP"></a> <a href="/facts/Penang/IWJa6K33">Penang</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Pittsburgh/42yPHyS0">Pittsburgh</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Poland/eXJ7fd0D"></a> <a href="/facts/Pozna%25C5%2584/WyM53M58">Poznań</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/St._Louis/22beLecX">St. Louis</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Indonesia/vQnWU3IW"></a> <a href="/facts/Surabaya/ueSxkgv9">Surabaya</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF"></a> <a href="/facts/Turin/PudIVEnr">Turin</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Spain/bIyrB8EY"></a> <a href="/facts/Valencia/D9L6z2HB">Valencia</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/New_Zealand/4mpSlJdg"></a> <a href="/facts/Wellington/tX6IT5oj">Wellington</a> (1)</li></ul> <h3>Sufficiency</h3> <p>Sufficiency level cities are cities that have a sufficient degree of services so as not to be overly dependent on world cities. This is sorted into high sufficiency cities and sufficiency cities. </p> <h4>High sufficiency</h4> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Algeria/UXDF4Tj6"></a> <a href="/facts/Algiers/Cdk8BQl1">Algiers</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2"></a> <a href="/facts/Belfast/GIhSKnIv">Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Cincinnati/PcyTWhS4">Cincinnati</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Senegal/PPaRNYJH"></a> <a href="/facts/Dakar/zTxKbsaR">Dakar</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2"></a> <a href="/facts/Glasgow/hHUX44Ra">Glasgow</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Sweden/u3qC7lyj"></a> <a href="/facts/Gothenburg/oj5t3USI">Gothenburg</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Mexico/IT5bwhdh"></a> <a href="/facts/Guadalajara/axTMvY4A">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ecuador/Tdv7czY4"></a> <a href="/facts/Guayaquil/D8jcFVzz">Guayaquil</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Zimbabwe/8Yqt8490"></a> <a href="/facts/Harare/DLq2hWlg">Harare</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Hartford%2c_Connecticut/F3D8LKMK">Hartford</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Indianapolis/r8BQof9G">Indianapolis</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Turkey/KIYAWAs0"></a> <a href="/facts/%25C4%25B0zmir/CUkMRT28">İzmir</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Kansas_City%2c_Missouri/N8GxbWWR">Kansas City</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Bolivia/YNBoDKKR"></a> <a href="/facts/La_Paz/mQAdR48Q">La Paz</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2"></a> <a href="/facts/Leeds/YVPtUCt1">Leeds</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Cyprus/t9wL6lVK"></a> <a href="/facts/Limassol/yuYJmPk2">Limassol</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Zambia/lCnlx5a1"></a> <a href="/facts/Lusaka/Fszyz7ky">Lusaka</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Macau/KEm5w6xH"></a> <a href="/facts/Macau/KEm5w6xH">Macau</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mozambique/mMWQ80JT"></a> <a href="/facts/Maputo/EfDH2aPa">Maputo</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Phoenix%2c_Arizona/MFvp5Upw">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mexico/IT5bwhdh"></a> <a href="/facts/Quer%25C3%25A9taro_City/L33sPTwX">Querétaro</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Raleigh%2c_North_Carolina/6WznvprP">Raleigh</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Shijiazhuang/M7zSMFEP">Shijiazhuang</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/North_Macedonia/YpfcC5DA"></a> <a href="/facts/Skopje/RICoPBLw">Skopje</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Lithuania/dApVjLWW"></a> <a href="/facts/Vilnius/ecy21qeQ">Vilnius</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Zhuhai/VTzYJpdP">Zhuhai</a> (1)</li></ul> <h4>Sufficiency</h4> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Denmark/KVtykzsw"></a> <a href="/facts/Aarhus/1YzrHzrX">Aarhus</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2"></a> <a href="/facts/Aberdeen/yoH7QeAK">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ivory_Coast/mSSED5Yl"></a> <a href="/facts/Abidjan/P2bRrkBI">Abidjan</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Nigeria/gbW17BX8"></a> <a href="/facts/Abuja/BTHTlNI1">Abuja</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Egypt/8Ttg0JwB"></a> <a href="/facts/Alexandria/hdg1twWA">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Turkey/KIYAWAs0"></a> <a href="/facts/Ankara/llGIJ0vj">Ankara</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e"></a> <a href="/facts/Astana/fg9Vz7eL">Astana</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Paraguay/sbzfv4Rl"></a> <a href="/facts/Asunci%25C3%25B3n/SS4v1g4f">Asunción</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Baoding/6p0HFa3F">Baoding</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Colombia/nl7r8Q2u"></a> <a href="/facts/Barranquilla/haEGNe07">Barranquilla</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Switzerland/LcGuxeTe"></a> <a href="/facts/Basel/EzXbzbUx">Basel</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL"></a> <a href="/facts/Belo_Horizonte/yMlT1wmk">Belo Horizonte</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Norway/wlDRKRTR"></a> <a href="/facts/Bergen/jqbcAwxm">Bergen</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Switzerland/LcGuxeTe"></a> <a href="/facts/Bern/weUyCRsh">Bern</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Birmingham%2c_Alabama/gQB3RGPA">Birmingham</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Malawi/HTj5q7Wc"></a> <a href="/facts/Blantyre/xRJg9gVW">Blantyre</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Bordeaux/k0yG4a8e">Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL"></a> <a href="/facts/Bras%25C3%25ADlia/Jxk9MCNu">Brasília</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL"></a> <a href="/facts/Campinas/zMDvADvB">Campinas</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Australia/qLHpbppq"></a> <a href="/facts/Canberra/V2PldFRs">Canberra</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Philippines/ARpmxXQV"></a> <a href="/facts/Cebu_City/Pdwn1xgx">Cebu City</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/New_Zealand/4mpSlJdg"></a> <a href="/facts/Christchurch/cjzII7cq">Christchurch</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mexico/IT5bwhdh"></a> <a href="/facts/Ciudad_Ju%25C3%25A1rez/HofCcQYd">Ciudad Juárez</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> <a href="/facts/Cologne/U2qmyGga">Cologne</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Columbus%2c_Ohio/mREa53Ub">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Argentina/aFSA5bAk"></a> <a href="/facts/C%25C3%25B3rdoba%2c_Argentina/L6QDdxt7">Córdoba</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL"></a> <a href="/facts/Curitiba/Boxa666p">Curitiba</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Des_Moines%2c_Iowa/wU1wqKIw">Des Moines</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Dongguan/Nw06lUQb">Dongguan</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Cameroon/QnrdY05C"></a> <a href="/facts/Douala/kT16HqzP">Douala</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> <a href="/facts/Dresden/nKVXxIgq">Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/South_Africa/vvXQpLgq"></a> <a href="/facts/Durban/ADRqGHGy">Durban</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a> <a href="/facts/Edmonton/ePFNJlBN">Edmonton</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF"></a> <a href="/facts/Florence/Mx0uhNma">Florence</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Foshan/TKscbW3o">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Botswana/dGw6g94p"></a> <a href="/facts/Gaborone/EsurQQsH">Gaborone</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF"></a> <a href="/facts/Genoa/PE9sekQU">Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Cayman_Islands/exXQq3xA"></a> <a href="/facts/George_Town%2c_Cayman_Islands/pPle0UGu">George Town</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Guiyang/Arh4jfGE">Guiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a> <a href="/facts/Halifax%2c_Nova_Scotia/Tcm27J9I">Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Bermuda/dYgp0TF4"></a> <a href="/facts/Hamilton%2c_Bermuda/pPezEF4T">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> <a href="/facts/Hanover/yghHUDI4">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Hohhot/KnBWI26U">Hohhot</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Jacksonville%2c_Florida/u6syYft2">Jacksonville</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Malaysia/8zbUMzCP"></a> <a href="/facts/Johor_Bahru/2NmNtk9r">Johor Bahru</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Taiwan/VcJoUD8w"></a> <a href="/facts/Kaohsiung/6sk9owHq">Kaohsiung</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Kolkata/k0HVgEYm">Kolkata</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Poland/eXJ7fd0D"></a> <a href="/facts/Krak%25C3%25B3w/hubj59IT">Kraków</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Lanzhou/RkUtPsSM">Lanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Las_Vegas/DLwGjxJt">Las Vegas</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Switzerland/LcGuxeTe"></a> <a href="/facts/Lausanne/HwlVEYGN">Lausanne</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> <a href="/facts/Leipzig/KIqgMgLN">Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Gabon/RKDffnwV"></a> <a href="/facts/Libreville/X8KMs4zQ">Libreville</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Belgium/YKuMXP5j"></a> <a href="/facts/Li%25C3%25A8ge/QjGaj3M9">Liège</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Lille/Bu8rsIzA">Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Austria/4qWIMIyc"></a> <a href="/facts/Linz/FyYYw8h5">Linz</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2"></a> <a href="/facts/Liverpool/kTqATlxg">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Poland/eXJ7fd0D"></a> <a href="/facts/%25C5%2581%25C3%25B3d%25C5%25BA/L25tQEAb">Łódź</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Louisville%2c_Kentucky/n2aJVoJv">Louisville</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Angola/PQrYRHMd"></a> <a href="/facts/Luanda/qaGR7W7r">Luanda</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Spain/bIyrB8EY"></a> <a href="/facts/M%25C3%25A1laga/9lpQKS8w">Málaga</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Sweden/u3qC7lyj"></a> <a href="/facts/Malm%25C3%25B6/Ax5CCPu0">Malmö</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> <a href="/facts/Mannheim/f5GsdPcG">Mannheim</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Colombia/nl7r8Q2u"></a> <a href="/facts/Medell%25C3%25ADn/wI0qGIve">Medellín</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Memphis%2c_Tennessee/DwtMHq1I">Memphis</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Milwaukee/Ucx5PVHn">Milwaukee</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Moscow/XUU6VkdY">Moscow</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Nagoya/JPTK2v4M">Nagoya</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Nanning/bdrHrRfc">Nanning</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Nantes/nFEAy6uk">Nantes</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF"></a> <a href="/facts/Naples/SXrFcg2C">Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/The_Bahamas/x6VKsUhj"></a> <a href="/facts/Nassau%2c_Bahamas/6sWIpMeX">Nassau</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2"></a> <a href="/facts/Newcastle_upon_Tyne/vfHwdn5F">Newcastle upon Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Nice/xjY1vjqF">Nice</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2"></a> <a href="/facts/Nottingham/7NmKsSUg">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> <a href="/facts/Nuremberg/Bht6TsP4">Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Oklahoma_City/o7P8l8Cd">Oklahoma City</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Orlando%2c_Florida/QeW5fkCp">Orlando</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a> <a href="/facts/Ottawa/x5FkqX7F">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Palo_Alto%2c_California/KJpC7kd8">Palo Alto</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Montenegro/QynKJrw5"></a> <a href="/facts/Podgorica/8Jze0WJz">Podgorica</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Trinidad_and_Tobago/jTXQP4Fe"></a> <a href="/facts/Port_of_Spain/B1EDnD0J">Port of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Portland%2c_Oregon/wwBx1Hrv">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL"></a> <a href="/facts/Porto_Alegre/U0VSlu4v">Porto Alegre</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mexico/IT5bwhdh"></a> <a href="/facts/Puebla_(city)/n35d4z5j">Puebla</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL"></a> <a href="/facts/Recife/mQ8gf1QL">Recife</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Richmond%2c_Virginia/RPT22L8B">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Sacramento%2c_California/L2BulyUg">Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Salt_Lake_City/vDHXskTN">Salt Lake City</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL"></a> <a href="/facts/Salvador%2c_Bahia/uVyQ4DHH">Salvador</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/San_Antonio/AzJuQzSm">San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Puerto_Rico/jVStMyG4"></a> <a href="/facts/San_Juan%2c_Puerto_Rico/okx1X58r">San Juan</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Mexico/IT5bwhdh"></a> <a href="/facts/San_Luis_Potos%25C3%25AD_City/MlupzpdN">San Luis Potosí City</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Honduras/75jMlRQ1"></a> <a href="/facts/San_Pedro_Sula/K2NNq4M5">San Pedro Sula</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Bolivia/YNBoDKKR"></a> <a href="/facts/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra/yRqlIPTs">Santa Cruz de la Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina/jNVA1gPB"></a> <a href="/facts/Sarajevo/IzawfJRg">Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Spain/bIyrB8EY"></a> <a href="/facts/Seville/weWX4eIK">Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2"></a> <a href="/facts/Southampton/LbJP1fIt">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Strasbourg/MTdQtoPy">Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Taiwan/VcJoUD8w"></a> <a href="/facts/Taichung/4dIPCQD7">Taichung</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Estonia/PVjB16TI"></a> <a href="/facts/Tallinn/IBLBVtHt">Tallinn</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Tangshan/Wp0YRSum">Tangshan</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Uzbekistan/o8wfw2xR"></a> <a href="/facts/Tashkent/q9pvfmna">Tashkent</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Netherlands/y8xn5stT"></a> <a href="/facts/The_Hague/NRtu1Qqk">The Hague</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mexico/IT5bwhdh"></a> <a href="/facts/Tijuana/uEjt4PIa">Tijuana</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Toulouse/VLBjLxD8">Toulouse</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Tulsa%2c_Oklahoma/2s2CcSHe">Tulsa</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mongolia/ogQzUcQb"></a> <a href="/facts/Ulaanbaatar/hQ29ejYQ">Ulaanbaatar</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/%25C3%259Cr%25C3%25BCmqi/6CReu5lp">Ürümqi</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Netherlands/y8xn5stT"></a> <a href="/facts/Utrecht/49YgvgXJ">Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Laos/S0afugjX"></a> <a href="/facts/Vientiane/c5ta9Xl8">Vientiane</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Wenzhou/8WBEBLM5">Wenzhou</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Namibia/ahXuaypy"></a> <a href="/facts/Windhoek/FqgWBjI9">Windhoek</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a> <a href="/facts/Winnipeg/zvwJ8fBz">Winnipeg</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Poland/eXJ7fd0D"></a> <a href="/facts/Wroc%25C5%2582aw/o3scwNqQ">Wrocław</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Wuxi/Lw1r33n7">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Myanmar/zcqQH2oE"></a> <a href="/facts/Yangon/y88kj6dh">Yangon</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Armenia/t3GQx9sU"></a> <a href="/facts/Yerevan/9pWddYcY">Yerevan</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Yinchuan/lRbyIPBf">Yinchuan</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="no-longer-classified">No longer classified</h2> <p>The following cities were included in previous editions, but not in the 2024 edition. </p> <h3>Last included in 2022</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Mexico/IT5bwhdh"></a> <a href="/facts/Aguascalientes_City/W3zmPhAp">Aguascalientes City</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Brunei/dyz9JUn8"></a> <a href="/facts/Bandar_Seri_Begawan/R87KvRx8">Bandar Seri Begawan</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Kyrgyzstan/MSNdCp8u"></a> <a href="/facts/Bishkek/GjXU7pIF">Bishkek</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> <a href="/facts/Bremen/y56P3Pyk">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Turkey/KIYAWAs0"></a> <a href="/facts/Bursa/oXpCUeNy">Bursa</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Saudi_Arabia/uyUpe1J2"></a> <a href="/facts/Dammam/h3fu01DY">Dammam</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> <a href="/facts/Essen/5tjU3Iux">Essen</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Fukuoka/VV7zC0TJ">Fukuoka</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Grenoble/KIBbRRaF">Grenoble</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Afghanistan/v63Auu1C"></a> <a href="/facts/Kabul/tUWN8AN0">Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Nepal/yWCzTBR2"></a> <a href="/facts/Kathmandu/0346ho1j">Kathmandu</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Rwanda/UKR5UdKy"></a> <a href="/facts/Kigali/nrmQaxMX">Kigali</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Jamaica/jeDulmwE"></a> <a href="/facts/Kingston%2c_Jamaica/qMfpXEdL">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Kochi/U9MYPJ4I">Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mexico/IT5bwhdh"></a> <a href="/facts/Le%25C3%25B3n%2c_Guanajuato/w2v8NH7J">León</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Malawi/HTj5q7Wc"></a> <a href="/facts/Lilongwe/BvcjfzFa">Lilongwe</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mexico/IT5bwhdh"></a> <a href="/facts/M%25C3%25A9rida%2c_Yucat%25C3%25A1n/AssK4Ktt">Mérida</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mexico/IT5bwhdh"></a> <a href="/facts/Mexicali/M9CUNUSE">Mexicali</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/South_Africa/vvXQpLgq"></a> <a href="/facts/Pretoria/lv4sXKKA">Pretoria</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a> <a href="/facts/Quebec_City/l8pftRQK">Quebec City</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Iceland/E4KGYs2j"></a> <a href="/facts/Reykjav%25C3%25ADk/bKLzL94g">Reykjavík</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Yemen/eDyoh4qV"></a> <a href="/facts/Sanaa/Y3McxvWB">Sanaa</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Venezuela/eX1qnkln"></a> <a href="/facts/Valencia%2c_Carabobo/mYt3GS3m">Valencia</a></li> <li></li></ul> <h3>Last included in 2020</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Iraq/pqYSFJw8"></a> <a href="/facts/Baghdad/RbtLzzHe">Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Republic_of_the_Congo/kNLEWqhl"></a> <a href="/facts/Brazzaville/NXlVVbKk">Brazzaville</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Buffalo%2c_New_York/PVfdkYft">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/South_Korea/pCobAaVw"></a> <a href="/facts/Busan/rHbfkIA3">Busan</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2"></a> <a href="/facts/Cardiff/AHpRtKKg">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mexico/IT5bwhdh"></a> <a href="/facts/Chihuahua_City/WCa0HH42">Chihuahua</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Moldova/qGBNGewt"></a> <a href="/facts/Chi%25C8%2599in%25C4%2583u/WGPnczhw">Chișinău</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> <a href="/facts/Dortmund/s1N5ruq8">Dortmund</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Tajikistan/xLLXqHEJ"></a> <a href="/facts/Dushanbe/FncJMJHJ">Dushanbe</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL"></a> <a href="/facts/Goi%25C3%25A2nia/rLThlKao">Goiânia</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Austria/4qWIMIyc"></a> <a href="/facts/Graz/NVCdhqkU">Graz</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> <a href="/facts/Haifa/L3zIs1p1">Haifa</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Harrisburg%2c_Pennsylvania/dLwCq0dz">Harrisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Australia/qLHpbppq"></a> <a href="/facts/Hobart/rcHqwrRt">Hobart</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Honolulu/DF2WutFs">Honolulu</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Taiwan/VcJoUD8w"></a> <a href="/facts/Hsinchu/0lnateXN">Hsinchu</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY"></a> <a href="/facts/Jerusalem/PKJ8LT0Y">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Kazan/dpeeCpGH">Kazan</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo/E2KmHDdv"></a> <a href="/facts/Kinshasa/REHVNkdc">Kinshasa</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Kobe/BRn7TPho">Kobe</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Kyoto/gUWtvjfd">Kyoto</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Togo/7HzUaQkw"></a> <a href="/facts/Lom%25C3%25A9/P7KPgAg2">Lomé</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Malaysia/8zbUMzCP"></a> <a href="/facts/Malacca/ncvoSb0j">Malacca</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Belarus/vweHwgob"></a> <a href="/facts/Minsk/CwJXyVHH">Minsk</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3"></a> <a href="/facts/Montpellier/jz011snV">Montpellier</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/New_Orleans/IgCn61KH">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Novosibirsk/8UImC3vI">Novosibirsk</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Omaha%2c_Nebraska/05378f5l">Omaha</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF"></a> <a href="/facts/Palermo/gCwkjXFg">Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/South_Africa/vvXQpLgq"></a> <a href="/facts/Port_Elizabeth/R4h1I1Fc">Port Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Nigeria/gbW17BX8"></a> <a href="/facts/Port_Harcourt/bhScpVDh">Port Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Papua_New_Guinea/RLaVlhFC"></a> <a href="/facts/Port_Moresby/f9qD5FFG">Port Moresby</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Rochester%2c_New_York/dfEIYtDu">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Argentina/aFSA5bAk"></a> <a href="/facts/Rosario%2c_Santa_Fe/snrNk7fq">Rosario</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn"></a> <a href="/facts/Saint_Petersburg/pNuCBxaM">Saint Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Sapporo/xuIvvHvU">Sapporo</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc"></a> <a href="/facts/Saskatoon/2tBfRgu8">Saskatoon</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Sendai/gG35qfWN">Sendai</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2"></a> <a href="/facts/Sheffield/rp05rhlH">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Fiji/JU8Hs8WH"></a> <a href="/facts/Suva/NCbULXd6">Suva</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Taiwan/VcJoUD8w"></a> <a href="/facts/Tainan/G5n5aVGy">Tainan</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF"></a> <a href="/facts/Trieste/I6eRqWpA">Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Chile/uEyTfEcx"></a> <a href="/facts/Valpara%25C3%25ADso/QsJdz7Fn">Valparaíso</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT"></a> <a href="/facts/Yokohama/q5RcVlLf">Yokohama</a></li> <li></li></ul> <h3>Last included in 2018</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Madagascar/ez12IAcY"></a> <a href="/facts/Antananarivo/BL0GbhWp">Antananarivo</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2"></a> <a href="/facts/Leicester/zcSBswu3">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Madison%2c_Wisconsin/jcVnNquB">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Nantong/eXvxoj4Q">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Weifang/I08xm5N1">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p"></a> <a href="/facts/Xining/PIfcGlAG">Xining</a></li> <li></li></ul> <h3>Last included in 2016</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Aligarh/Korpktb2">Aligarh</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Allahabad/XA7MYXWb">Allahabad</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Nagpur/CEBURus5">Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL"></a> <a href="/facts/Natal%2c_Rio_Grande_do_Norte/fPaluqPg">Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM"></a> <a href="/facts/Nashik/H7LqSFvJ">Nashik</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Providence%2c_Rhode_Island/77kh9zJT">Providence</a></li> <li></li></ul> <h3>Last included in 2012</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5"></a> <a href="/facts/Greensboro%2c_North_Carolina/FcWCY6PC">Greensboro</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX"></a> <a href="/facts/Ludwigshafen/XPNCNgFs">Ludwigshafen</a></li> <li></li></ul> <h3>Last included in 2010</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2"></a> <a href="/facts/Norwich/WM3Tj7h5">Norwich</a></li> <li></li></ul> <h3>Last included in 2004</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8"></a> <a href="/facts/Tehran/S8dmdwyG">Tehran</a></li> <li></li></ul> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Global_city/Lqv5NqA5">Global city</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Primate_city/aRpJTCcu">Primate city</a></li></ul> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.lboro.ac.uk/microsites/geography/gawc/">Official website</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Taylor, Peter J. (2004). World city network: a global urban analysis. Routledge. p. ix. ISBN 0-415-30249-8. Retrieved 10 October 2010. <a href="0-415-30249-8" target="_blank">0-415-30249-8</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Donald, Stephanie; Gammack, John G. (2007). Tourism and the branded city. London: Ashgate Publishing. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-7546-4829-1. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2010. <a href="978-0-7546-4829-1" target="_blank">978-0-7546-4829-1</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"GaWC City Link Classification 2018". Lboro.ac.uk. 13 November 2018. Archived from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2019. <a href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/microsites/geography/gawc/world2018link.html" target="_blank">https://www.lboro.ac.uk/microsites/geography/gawc/world2018link.html</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"The World According to GaWC". GaWC - Research Network. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 29 October 2024. <a href="https://gawc.lboro.ac.uk/gawc-worlds/the-world-according-to-gawc/" target="_blank">https://gawc.lboro.ac.uk/gawc-worlds/the-world-according-to-gawc/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"GaWC - The World According to GaWC 2010". www.lboro.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 16 May 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022. <a href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/microsites/geography/gawc/world2010t.html" target="_blank">https://www.lboro.ac.uk/microsites/geography/gawc/world2010t.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"GaWC - The World According to GaWC 2012". www.lboro.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 16 May 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022. <a href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/microsites/geography/gawc/world2012t.html" target="_blank">https://www.lboro.ac.uk/microsites/geography/gawc/world2012t.html</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"The World According to GaWC: World Cities 2024". Retrieved 29 October 2024. <a href="https://gawc.lboro.ac.uk/gawc-worlds/the-world-according-to-gawc/world-cities-2024/" target="_blank">https://gawc.lboro.ac.uk/gawc-worlds/the-world-according-to-gawc/world-cities-2024/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"The World According to GaWC 2024". Retrieved 29 October 2024. <a href="https://gawc.lboro.ac.uk/gawc-worlds/the-world-according-to-gawc/world-cities-2024/" target="_blank">https://gawc.lboro.ac.uk/gawc-worlds/the-world-according-to-gawc/world-cities-2024/</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"The World According to GaWC: World Cities 2024". Retrieved 29 October 2024. <a href="https://gawc.lboro.ac.uk/gawc-worlds/the-world-according-to-gawc/world-cities-2024/" target="_blank">https://gawc.lboro.ac.uk/gawc-worlds/the-world-according-to-gawc/world-cities-2024/</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"The World According to GaWC: World Cities 2022". Retrieved 29 October 2024. <a href="https://gawc.lboro.ac.uk/gawc-worlds/the-world-according-to-gawc/world-cities-2022/" target="_blank">https://gawc.lboro.ac.uk/gawc-worlds/the-world-according-to-gawc/world-cities-2022/</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"GaWC - The World According to GaWC". www.lboro.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2022. <a href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/microsites/geography/gawc/gawcworlds.html" target="_blank">https://www.lboro.ac.uk/microsites/geography/gawc/gawcworlds.html</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Added in the 2024 edition of the classification <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Added in the 2024 edition of the classification <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Added in the 2024 edition of the classification <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Added in the 2024 edition of the classification <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Added in the 2024 edition of the classification <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Added in the 2024 edition of the classification <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Added in the 2024 edition of the classification <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Added in the 2024 edition of the classification <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Added in the 2024 edition of the classification <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Added in the 2024 edition of the classification <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Added in the 2024 edition of the classification <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>Added in the 2024 edition of the classification <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>Added in the 2024 edition of the classification <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>