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Physics

Atomic, molecular and optical physics

Condensed matter physics

Electromagnetism

Nuclear physics

Particle physics

Theory of relativity

Lowest attainable temperature

Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)

Way in which the energy of a photon is taken up by matter; physical process of absorbing light, while absorbance does not always measure absorption: it measures attenuation (of transmitted radiant power)

Absorption band

Range on the electromagnetic spectrum which are characteristic of a certain transition from initial to final state in a substance

Product of RMS voltage and RMS current in an AC electrical system

Rate of change of velocity

Acoustic resonance

Resonance phenomena in sound and musical devices

Branch of physics involving mechanical waves

Action (physics)

Physical quantity of dimension energy × time

Action principles

Variational principle for physical systems that minimizes the action of the system

Adiabatic process

Thermodynamic process in which no mass or heat is exchanged with surroundings

Adobe RGB color space

Color space developed by Adobe

AdS/CFT correspondence

Duality between theories of gravity on anti-de Sitter space and conformal field theories

Branch of dynamics concerned with studying the motion of air

Type of radioactive decay

Ionizing radiation particle of two protons and two neutrons

Alternating current

Electric current which periodically reverses direction

Color term midway between the colors of gold and orange

Amorphous solid

Non-crystalline material whose constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are arranged in a disordered tridimensional network

Ampère's circuital law

Concept in classical electromagnetism

Ampère's force law

Measure of change in a periodic variable

Analytical mechanics

Concerned with the relationship between motion of bodies and its causes, namely the forces acting on the bodies and the properties of the bodies (particularly mass and moment of inertia)

Angle of incidence (optics)

Angle between a ray incident on a surface and the line perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence

Angle of Repose

Book by Wallace Stegner

Angular acceleration

Rate of change of angular velocity

Angular displacement

Displacement measured angle-wise when a body is showing circular or rotational motion

Angular frequency

Rate of change of the phase angle

Angular momentum operator

Quantum mechanical operator related to rotational symmetry

Angular velocity

Physical quantity

Process that occurs when a subatomic particle collides with its respective antiparticle to produce other particles

Antiferromagnetism

Regular pattern of magnetic moment ordering

Exotic particle made of an antiproton and positron

Material composed of antiparticles of the corresponding particles of ordinary matter

Antiparticle of the neutron

Small localized object; a rare type of matter

Antiparticle of the proton

Hole or opening through which light travels

Archimedes' principle

Buoyancy principle in fluid dynamics

Atmospheric physics

The application of physics to the study of the atmosphere

Smallest unit of a chemical element

Core of the atom; composed of bound nucleons (protons and neutrons)

Function describing an electron in an atom

Atomic packing factor

Fraction of volume in a crystal structure that is occupied by the constituent particles

Field of physics

Azimuthal quantum number

Quantum number for an atomic orbital that determines its orbital angular momentum and describes the shape of the orbital, and is symbolized as ℓ

Bright, cyan-blue colour

Background radiation

Measure of ionizing radiation in the environment

Science of the motion of projectiles

Energy range in a solid where no electron states can exist

Hadron (subatomic particle) that is composed of three quarks

Baryon asymmetry

Abundance of matter (baryons) and lack of antimatter (antibaryons) in our Observable Universe

One third of the difference between the number of quarks and antiquarks in a system

Beat (acoustics)

Term in acoustics

Beer–Lambert law

Law describing absorption of light

Bernoulli's principle

Principle relating to fluid dynamics

Type of radioactive decay

Ionizing radiation

Energy required to separate particles

Study of biological systems using methods from the physical sciences

Biot–Savart law

Law of classical electromagnetism

Optical phenomenon

Darkest color due to absence or absorption of light

Idealized physical body that absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation

Black-body radiation

Thermal electromagnetic radiation

Light fixture that emits long-wave ultraviolet light and very little visible light

Bloch's theorem

Fundamental theorem in condensed matter physics

Unit of magnetic moment

Atomic model introduced by Niels Bohr in 1913

Physical constant; the most probable distance between an electron and the nucleus in a nonrelativistic model of the hydrogen atom with infinitely heavy nucleus

Physical process

Temperature at which a substance changes from liquid into vapor

Boltzmann constant

Physical constant relating particle kinetic energy with temperature

Boltzmann distribution

Probability distribution of energy states of a system

Boltzmann equation

Equation of statistical mechanics

Boltzmann's entropy formula

Equation in statistical mechanics

Bonding in solids

Classification of bondings

Calculation rule in quantum mechanics

State of matter of many bosons

Bose–Einstein condensate

State of matter

Bose–Einstein statistics

Description of the behaviour of bosons

Class of subatomic particle

Physics of bouncing balls

System where a particle is subject to a potential such that the particle has a tendency to remain localised in one or more regions of space

Layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface

Physical law regarding scattering angles of radiation through a medium

Bra–ket notation

Notation for quantum states

Airborne computer built by IBM in the 1950s for the B-52 strategic bomber

Bravais lattice

An infinite array of discrete points in three dimensional space generated by a set of discrete translation operations

Thermodynamic cycle

Electromagnetic radiation produced by the deceleration of a charged particle when deflected by another charged particle

Liability of breakage from stress without significant plastic deformation

Brownian motion

Random motion of particles suspended in a fluid

Vessel filled with a superheated transparent liquid

Measure of how incompressible / resistant to compressibility a substance is

Upward force that opposes the weight of an object immersed in fluid

Calorimeter (particle physics)

Experimental apparatus that measures the energy of particles

Canonical coordinates

Sets of coordinates on phase space which can be used to describe a physical system

Canonical ensemble

Ensemble of possible states of a mechanical system at a fixed temperature

Ability of a body to store an electrical charge

Theoretical thermodynamic cycle proposed by Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnot in 1824

Carnot heat engine

Theoretical engine

Force resulting from the quantisation of a field

Cauchy stress tensor

Representation of mechanical stress at every point within a deformed 3D object

Causality (physics)

Physics of the cause–effect relation

Cavendish experiment

Experiment to measure the gravitational force

Unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero

Central force on an object is a force that is directed along the line joining the object and the origin

Centrifugal force

Type of inertial force

Centripetal force

Force that makes a body follow a curved path

Charge conservation

Fundamental physical law – electric charge is continuously conserved in space and time

Electric charge per volume, length or area

Chartreuse (color)

Shade of yellow-green color

Chemical physics

Subdiscipline of chemistry and physics

Chemical potential

Intensive physical property

Cherenkov radiation

Electromagnetic phenomenon

Chirality (physics)

Phenomenon applied in physics

An objective specification of the quality of a color regardless of its luminance. A combination of hue and saturation.

CIE 1931 color space

Color space defined by the CIE in 1931

CIELAB color space

Standard color space with color-opponent values

Circular motion

Object movement along a circular path

Circular polarization

Polarization state

Circulation (physics)

Line integral of the fluid velocity around a closed curve

Classical electromagnetism

Branch of theoretical physics that studies consequences of the electromagnetic forces between electric charges and currents

Classical field theory

Physical theory describing classical fields

Classical limit

Concept of modern physics theories that they should, under some circumstances, approximate the predictions of classical physics

Classical mechanics

Description of large objects' physics

Classical physics

Category of theories

Does not allow certain types of transfers (such as transfer of matter) in or out of the system

Particle detector for visualizing ionizing radiation

CMYK color model

Subtractive color model, used in color printing

Coherence (physics)

Equivalence relation on waves with equal frequencies and waveforms

Hypothetical type of nuclear reaction

Type of particle accelerator

An instance of two or more bodies physically contacting each other within short period of time

Quantum number related to the strong force

Principles to describe the practical behavior of colors

Compressible flow

Branch of fluid mechanics

Compression (physics)

Application of inward ("pushing") forces to a material or structure

Compton scattering

Scattering of photons off charged particles

Compton wavelength

Quantum mechanical property of particles

Computational fluid dynamics

Branch of fluid mechanics that uses numerical analysis and data structures to solve and analyze problems that involve fluid flows

Computational physics

Numerical simulations of physical problems via computers

Change of the physical state of matter from gas phase into liquid phase; reverse of evaporation

Condensed matter physics

Branch of physics

Primary system configuration file for DOS

Conformal field theory

Quantum field theory enjoying conformal symmetry

Conservation law

Scientific law regarding conservation of a physical property

Conservation of energy

Law of physics: energy cannot be created or destroyed; universe's total energy is constant

Conservation of mass

Scientific law that a closed system's mass remains constant

Conservative force

Force with the property that the work done in moving a particle between two points is independent of the path taken

Contact mechanics

Study of the deformation of solids that touch each other

Continuum mechanics

Branch of physics which studies the behavior of materials modeled as continuous masses

Fluid flow that occurs due to heterogeneous fluid properties and body forces.

Convection (heat transfer)

Heat transfer due to combined effects of advection and diffusion

Pair of electrons (or other fermions) bound together at low temperatures in a certain manner which is responsible for superconductivity as described in the BCS theory

Coordination number

Number of atoms, molecules or ions bonded to in a molecule or crystal

Copenhagen interpretation

Probabilistic interpretation of quantum mechanics involving wavefunction collapse

Orange brown color

A force on objects moving within a reference frame that rotates with respect to an inertial frame.

Correspondence principle

Physics principle that quantum theories reproduce classical physics in the limit of large quantum numbers, formulated by Niels Bohr in 1920

Fundamental physical law of electromagnetism

Violation of charge-parity symmetry in particle physics and cosmology

Invariance under simultaneous charge conjugation, parity transformation and time reversal

Critical point (thermodynamics)

Temperature and pressure point where phase boundaries disappear

Cross section (physics)

Probability of a given process occurring in a particle collision

Solid material whose constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are arranged in an ordered pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions

Crystal engineering

Designing solid structures with tailored properties

After a first nucleation, second step of crystallization consisting in the regular accretion of atoms or ions at the surface of the crystal

Sub-branch of optical physics

Crystal polymorphism

Ability of a solid material to exist in more than one form or crystal structure

Crystal structure

Ordered arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline material

Classification of crystalline materials by their three-dimensional structural geometry

Crystal twinning

Two separate crystals sharing some of the same crystal lattice points in a symmetrical manner

Small crystal which forms under certain conditions

Crystallization

Process by which a solid with a highly organised atomic or molecular structure forms

Crystallographic defect

Disruption of the periodicity of a crystal lattice

Crystallography

Scientific study of crystal structure

Cubic crystal system

Lattice point group

Curie temperature

Temperature above which magnetic properties change

Current density

Electric current per area of cross section

Color between blue and green

Cyclotron radiation

Mathematical law of motion

Davisson–Germer experiment

Energy change of a nucleus after radioactive decay

The remaining nuclide left over from radioactive decay

Deformation (engineering)

In engineering, any changes in the shape or size of an object

Deformation (physics)

Transformation of a body from a reference configuration to a current configuration

Degenerate energy levels

Energy level of a quantum system that corresponds to two or more different measurable states

Degenerate matter

Type of dense exotic matter in physics

Degrees of freedom (mechanics)

Number of independent parameters needed to define the state of a mechanical system

Delta potential

Model of an energy potential in quantum mechanics

Mass per unit volume

Density functional theory

Computational quantum mechanical modelling method to investigate the electronic structure

Density of states

Describes the number of states per interval of energy at each energy level available to be occupied in a system

Deposition (phase transition)

Transition from a gas to a solid

Ordinary, weak, repulsive magnetism that all materials possess

Electrically insulating substance able to be polarized by an applied electric field

Engine combustion process

Phenomenon of the motion of waves

Diffraction-limited system

Optical system with resolution performance at the instrument's theoretical limit

Movement of molecules, atoms, or ions from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

Diffusion equation

Equation that describes density changes of a material that is diffusing in a medium

Electromagnetic phenomenon

Relativistic quantum mechanical wave equation

Unidirectional flow of electric charge

Discovery of the neutron

Scientific background leading to the discovery of subatomic particles

Linear crystallographic defect or irregularity

Dispersion (optics)

Dependence of phase velocity on frequency

Dispersion (water waves)

Generally refers to frequency dispersion, which means that waves of different wavelengths travel at different phase speeds

Displacement (geometry)

Vector relating the initial and the final positions of a moving point

Displacement current

Physical quantity in electromagnetism

Distribution function (physics)

Function of position and velocity which gives the number of particles per unit volume in single-particle phase space

Frequency change of a wave for observer relative to its source

Double-slit experiment

Physics experiment

Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid

Material ability to undergo significant plastic deformation before rupture

Dynamics (mechanics)

Branch of physics studying forces and their effect on motion

Proposed space telescope

Loops of electrical current induced within conductors by a changing magnetic field

Ehrenfest theorem

Theorem that the time evolution of the expectation value of a quantum observable is proportional to that of the commutator between the observable and the Hamiltonian (plus that of any explicit time dependence of the operator, if any)

Einstein coefficients

Quantities describing probability of absorption or emission of light

Einstein field equations

Field-equations in general relativity

Model of a crystalline solid

Elastic collision

Collision in which kinetic energy is conserved

Elastic modulus

Physical property that measures stiffness of material

Elastic scattering

Type of particle scattering in which kinetic energy is conserved but direction is modified

Elasticity (physics)

Physical property when materials or objects return to original shape after deformation

Electric charge

Electromagnetic property of matter

Electric current

Flow of electric charge

Electric dipole moment

Vector physical quantity measuring the separation of positive and negative electrical charges within a system

Electric displacement field

Vector field related to displacement current and flux density

Physical field surrounding an electric charge

Measure of electric field through surface

Electric potential

Line integral of the electric field

Electric potential energy

Potential energy that results from conservative Coulomb forces

The rate per unit of time at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit

Electric susceptibility

Degree of polarization

Electrical conductor

Object or material which allows the flow of electric charge with little energy loss

Electrical impedance

The opposition of a circuit to a current when a voltage is applied

Electrical network

Assemblage of connected electrical elements

Electrical reactance

A circuit element's opposition to changes in current due to its inductance or capacitance

Electrical resistance and conductance

Opposition to the passage of an electric current

Electrical resistivity and conductivity

Measure of a substance's ability to resist or conduct electric current

Physical phenomena associated with the presence and flow of electric charge

Type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by the flow of electric current

Electromagnetic field

Electric and magnetic fields produced by moving charged objects

Electromagnetic four-potential

Relativistic vector field

Electromagnetic induction

Production of voltage by a varying magnetic field

Electromagnetic induction

Production of voltage by a varying magnetic field

Electromagnetic radiation

Form of energy emitted and absorbed by particles which are charged which shows wave-like behavior as it travels through space

Electromagnetic spectrum

Entire range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation

Electromagnetic wave equation

Partial differential equation used in physics

Electromagnetism

Branch of science concerned with the phenomena of electricity and magnetism

Electromotive force

Electrical action produced by a non-electrical source

Subatomic particle with negative electric charge (−1)

Electron configuration

Mode of arrangement of electrons in different shells of an atom

Electron diffraction

Bending of electron beams due to electrostatic interactions with matter

Conceptual and mathematical opposite of an electron

Electron magnetic moment

Spin of an electron

Electron neutrino

Neutral subatomic elementary particle of first generation of leptons

Principal energy levels in atomic physics

Electronic band structure

Describes the range of energies that an electron within the solid may have and ranges of energy that it may not have

Study of still or slow electric charges

Electroweak interaction

Unified description of electromagnetism and the weak interaction

Elementary charge

Charge carried by one proton or electron

Elementary particle

Subatomic particle having no known substructure

Emission spectrum

Frequencies of light emitted by atoms or chemical compounds

Endothermic process

Physical process that takes up heat (or electrical energy) from surroundings

Physical property transferred to objects to perform heating or work

Energy conversion efficiency

Ratio between the useful output and the input of a machine

Energy per volume

Different states of quantum systems

Energy–momentum relation

Relativistic equation relating total energy to invariant mass and momentum

Measure of energy in a thermodynamic system

Enthalpy of vaporization

Energy to convert a liquid substance to a gas; a function of pressure

Property of a thermodynamic system

Entropy (classical thermodynamics)

Property of thermodynamical systems

Entropy (statistical thermodynamics)

Entropy in statistics

Entropy of mixing

The increase in the total entropy of a compound system after mixing

Equation of state

An equation describing the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions

Equations for a falling body

Mathematical description of a body in free fall

Equations of motion

Equations that describe the behavior of a physical system

Equilibrium thermodynamics

Systematic study of transformations of matter and energy in systems in terms of a concept called thermodynamic equilibrium

Equipartition theorem

Theorem in classical statistical mechanics

Region in space consisting of points at the same potential

Equivalence principle

Principle of general relativity stating that inertial and gravitational masses are equivalent

Type of thermodynamic cycle

Euler equations (fluid dynamics)

Set of quasilinear hyperbolic equations governing adiabatic and inviscid flow

Euler–Lagrange equation

Second-order partial differential equation whose solutions are the functions for which a given functional is stationary

Evanescent field

Oscillating electric and/or magnetic field that does not propagate as an electromagnetic wave but whose energy is spatially concentrated in the vicinity of the source

Type of vaporization of a liquid that occurs from its surface; surface phenomenon

Quantum states with more energy than the lowest possible amount

Exothermic process

Thermodynamic reaction

Neutral composite particle with some components not found in normal atoms

Physics term for multiple concepts

Expectation value (quantum mechanics)

Expected value of a quantum measurement

Experimental physics

Category of disciplines and sub-disciplines concerned with the observation of physical phenomena

Fatigue (material)

The initiation and propagation of cracks in a material due to cyclic loading

Fermat's principle

Principle of least time

Concept in quantum mechanics referring to the energy difference between the highest and lowest occupied single-particle states in a quantum system of non-interacting fermions at absolute zero temperature

Physical model of gases composed of many non-interacting identical fermions

Fermi–Dirac statistics

Statistical description for the behavior of fermions

One of two classes of elementary particles

Type of magnetic phenomenon

Physical phenomenon

Feynman diagram

Pictorial representation of the behavior of subatomic particles

Fictitious force

A force on objects moving within a reference frame that rotates with respect to an inertial frame.

Field (physics)

Physical quantities taking values at each point in space and time

Speculative physics theory

Details in the emission spectrum of an atom

Fine-structure constant

Dimensionless number that quantifies the strength of the electromagnetic interaction

Finite potential well

Quantum mechanics concept

Finite strain theory

First law of thermodynamics

Law of thermodynamics distinguishing heat, work, and matter transfers

First observation of gravitational waves

Gravitational wave event

Flavour (particle physics)

Type of elementary particles occurring in the Standard Model

Flight International

British aviation magazine

Flow measurement

Quantification of bulk fluid movement

Vector field which is used to mathematically describe the motion of a continuum

Fluctuation theorem

Theorem in statistical mathematics

Substance which continuously deforms under an applied shear stress, including liquids and gases

Aspects of fluid mechanics involving flow

Fluid mechanics

Branch of physics concerned with the mechanics of fluids (liquids, gases, and plasmas)

Emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light

Measure of how strongly an optical system converges or diverges light

A point in an optical system where light rays originating from a point on the object converge

Force (disambiguation)

Topics referred to by the same term

Particles (quanta of a field) that give rise to forces between other particles

Force field (physics)

Region of space in which a force acts

Study of classical optics using Fourier transforms

4D relativistic energy and momentum

Fourth, fifth, and sixth derivatives of position

Higher derivatives of the position vector with respect to time

Vector in special relativity well-behaved with respect to Lorentz transformations

Fracture toughness

Stress intensity factor at which a crack's propagation increases drastically

Frame of reference

Abstract coordinate system and the set of physical reference points that uniquely fix (locate and orient) the coordinate system and standardize measurement (s)

Fraunhofer diffraction

Far-field diffraction

Free body diagram

Diagram showing applied forces and moments on a physical body

Free electron model

A simple model for the behaviour of valence electrons in a crystal structure of a metallic solid

Motion of a body subject only to gravity

Free neutron decay

Decay of a neutron when outside a nucleus

Particle that, in some sense, is not bound by an external force, or equivalently not in a region where its potential energy varies

Phase transition in which a liquid turns into a solid due to a decrease in thermal energy

Frequency (video game)

Video game on Playstation 2

Fresnel equations

Equations of light transmission and reflection

Force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other

Fundamental interaction

Most basic type of physical force

Fundamental thermodynamic relation

Gain (electronics)

Ability of a circuit to increase the power or amplitude of a signal

Galilean invariance

Low velocity approximation for special relativity

Galilean transformation

Transform between the coordinates of two reference frames which differ only by constant relative motion within the constructs of Newtonian physics

Penetrating form of electromagnetic radiation

Gas (disambiguation)

Topics referred to by the same term

Force carrier, a bosonic particle

Physical theory with fields invariant under the action of local "gauge" Lie groups

Gauss–Markov theorem

Theorem related to ordinary least squares

Foundational law of electromagnetism relating electric field and charge distributions

Gauss's law for magnetism

Foundational law of classical magnetism

General relativity

Einstein's theory of gravitation as curved spacetime

Generalized coordinates

Parameters that describe the configuration of the system relative to some reference configuration

Generation (particle physics)

Division of elementary particles

Geometrical optics

Model of optics describing light as geometric rays

g-factor (physics)

Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment

Gibbs free energy

Type of thermodynamic potential

Optical property describing the ability of a surface to reflect light in a specular direction

Elementary particle that mediates the strong force

Concept in materials science

Increase in the size of crystallites in a material at high temperatures

Grand canonical ensemble

Statistical ensemble of particles in thermodynamic equilibrium

Grand Unified Theory

Particle physics model

Granular convection

Movement in granular material

Gravitational constant

Physical constant relating the gravitational force between objects to their mass and distance

Gravitational field

Direction and intensity of gravity in every point of space

Gravitational potential

Scalar potential that describes a gravitational field

Gravitational singularity

Condition in which spacetime itself breaks down

Gravitational time dilation

Form of time dilation

Gravitational wave

Propagating spacetime ripple

Hypothetical elementary particle that mediates gravitation

Attraction of masses and energy

Green (disambiguation)

Topics referred to by the same term

Intermediate color between black and white; color of a cloud-covered sky, ash and lead

Ground (electricity)

Reference point in an electrical circuit from which voltages are measured

Lowest energy state of quantum-mechanical system

Physical quantity

Gyromagnetic ratio

Ratio of magnetic moment to angular momentum

Composite subatomic particle

Half-life (disambiguation)

Topics referred to by the same term

Production of a voltage difference across an electrical conductor

Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics)

Quantum operator for the sum of energies of a system

Hamiltonian mechanics

Branch of analytical mechanics

Component of a wave whose frequency is a multiple of the fundamental frequency

Harmonic oscillator

Physical system that responds to a restoring force inversely proportional to displacement

Hawking radiation

Black-hole radiation predicted by Stephen Hawking

Physical property describing the energy required to change a material's temperature

Heat capacity ratio

Thermodynamic quantity

System that converts heat or thermal energy to mechanical work

Partial differential equation for distribution of heat in a given region over time

Heat pump and refrigeration cycle

Mathematical models of heat pumps and refrigeration

Transport of thermal energy in physical systems

Helmholtz free energy

Thermodynamic potential

Hexagonal crystal family

Lattice point group

Hierarchy problem

Why is gravity weaker, compared to other fundamental forces

Elementary particle involved with rest mass

Higgs mechanism

Mechanism that explains the generation of mass for gauge bosons

High-energy nuclear physics

Intersection of nuclear physics and high-energy physics

High-temperature superconductivity

Superconductive behavior at temperatures much higher than absolute zero

History of atomic theory

Physical law: force needed to deform a spring scales linearly with distance

Hue (disambiguation)

Topics referred to by the same term

Huygens–Fresnel principle

Method of analysis

Spectral line of hydrogen state transition in UHF radio fequencies

Hydrogen spectral series

Important atomic emission spectra

Deep-red spectral line of hydrogen

Hydrostatic equilibrium

Property of fluid mechanics

Quantum number conserved under the strong interaction; a single charge operator that accounts for properties of isospin, electric charge, and flavour

Hyperfine structure

Small shifts and splittings in the energy levels of atoms, molecules and ions

Nucleus which contains at least one hyperon

Type of strange baryon

Dependence of the state of a system on its history

Mathematical model which approximates the behavior of real gases

The equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas

Luminous flux incident on a surface per area

Impact (mechanics)

High force or shock applied over a short time period when two or more bodies collide

Impossible color

Color that cannot be perceived under ordinary viewing conditions

Impulse (physics)

Integral of a force over a time interval

Incompressible flow

Fluid flow in which density remains constant

Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave Observations

Gravitational wave observatory unit, India

Indistinguishable particles

Concept in quantum mechanics of perfectly substitutable particles

Property of electrical conductors

Inelastic collision

Collision where energy is lost to heat, so that kinetic energy is not conserved

Inelastic scattering

Particle scattering in which kinetic energy is not conserved

Fundamental principle of classical physics

Inertial frame of reference

Fundamental concept of classical mechanics

Form of electromagnetic radiation

Characterized by some of the outputs or internal states growing without bounds

Insulator (electricity)

Material that does not conduct an electric current

Intensity (physics)

Power transferred per unit area

Intensive and extensive properties

Properties independent of system size, and proportional to system size

Internal energy

Energy contained in a system, excluding energy due to its position as a body in external force fields or its overall motion

Internal pressure

Measure of how the internal energy of a system changes when it expands or contracts at constant temperature

Interpretations of quantum mechanics

Set of statements which attempt to explain how quantum mechanics informs our understanding of nature

Introduction to entropy

Non-technical introduction to entropy

Introduction to gauge theory

Non-technical introduction to gauge theory

Introduction to general relativity

Theory of gravity by Albert Einstein

Introduction to quantum mechanics

Non-technical introduction to quantum physics

Ion (disambiguation)

Topics referred to by the same term

Process by which atoms or molecules acquire charge by gaining or losing electrons

Ionizing radiation

Radiation that carries enough light energy to liberate electrons from atoms or molecules

Areal density of incoming radiant flux

Island of stability

Isotopes of super-heavy elements theorized to be much more stable than others

Quantum number related to the weak interaction

Isothermal process

Thermodynamic process in which temperature remains constant

Nuclides having the same atomic number but different mass numbers

Off-white color that resembles ivory

Neutral meson having charm quark and charm anti quark

Rate of change of acceleration with time.

American artist (born 1975)

Infrastructure for managing OWL-DL, SWRL, and F-Logic ontologies

Kepler conjecture

Mathematical theorem about sphere packing

Kerr–Newman metric

Equations in general relativity

Branch of physics describing the motion of objects or groups of objects without considering its cause

Energy of a moving physical body

Kinetic theory of gases

Mathematical model explaining macroscopic properties of gases in microscopic terms

Kirchhoff's circuit laws

Two equalities that deal with the current and potential difference

Thought experiment in special relativity: a ladder parallel to the ground moves horizontally; due to length contraction it fits inside a garage; but from the ladder's frame, the garage will be contracted to be smaller and cannot contain the ladder

Lagrangian mechanics

Formulation of classical mechanics

Flow where fluid particles follow smooth paths in layers

Large Hadron Collider

Particle accelerator at CERN, Switzerland

Gives the total power radiated by an accelerating, nonrelativistic point charge

Thermodynamic phase transition energy

Laws of thermodynamics

Axiomatic basis of thermodynamics

Length contraction

Contraction of length in the direction of propagation in Minkowski space

Electromagnetic phenomena where changing magnetic fields induce currents with opposing fields

Class of elementary particles that do not undergo strong interactions

Conserved quantum number representing the number of leptons minus the number of antileptons in an elementary particle reaction

Force perpendicular to flow of surrounding fluid

Electromagnetic radiation in or near visible spectrum

Shade of yellow-green

Line of purples

Edge of visible color

Type of motion in which the path of the moving object is a straight line

Linear particle accelerator

Type of particle accelerator

Linear polarization

Confinement of the electric field vector or magnetic field vector to a given plane along the direction of propagation

State of matter

State of matter with properties of both conventional liquids and crystals

List of particles

List of unsolved problems in physics

Longitudinal wave

Waves in which the displacement of the medium is in the same direction as, or the opposite direction to, the direction of propagation of the wave

Factor by which time, length, and relativistic mass change for an object while that object is moving.

Force acting on charged particles in electric and magnetic fields

Lorentz transformation

Family of linear transformations

Lorenz gauge condition

Symmetry condition in special relativity

Luminiferous aether

Obsolete postulated medium for the propagation of light

Physical quantity

Luminous intensity

Visible light per unit solid angle

Macroscopic scale

Length scale on which objects or phenomena are large enough to be visible almost practically with the naked eye

Symmetric key block cipher

Material or object that produces a magnetic field

Magnetic dipole

A magnetic dipole is the limit of either a closed loop of electric current

Surface integral of the magnetic flux density

Magnetic moment

Physical quantity; measured in ampere square metre

Magnetic monopole

Hypothetical particle with one magnetic pole

Magnetic quantum number

Third in a set of four quantum numbers that distinguishes the orbitals available within a subshell and can be used to calculate the azimuthal component of the orientation of orbital in space

Magnetic susceptibility

Measure of how much a material will become magnetized in an applied magnetic field

Class of physical phenomena

Physical quantity, density of magnetic moment per volume

Magnetohydrodynamics

Study of the magnetic properties of electrically conducting fluids

Branch of physics concerned with magnetic behavior in systems with steady electric currents

Manab Adhikar Sangram Samiti

Human rights NGO in Assam

Many-worlds interpretation

Interpretation of quantum mechanics which denies the collapse of the wavefunction

Reddish-brown color

Mass flow (life sciences)

Movement of fluids down a pressure or temperature gradient

Mass of a substance which passes per unit of time

Mass–energy equivalence

Concept in special relativity expressed as E = mc²

Massless particle

Quantum particle having zero rest mass (zero invariant or intrinsic mass)

Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics

Mathematical structures that allow quantum mechanics to be explained

Mathematical physics

Application of mathematical methods to problems in physics

Mathematics of general relativity

Mathematical structures and techniques used in the theory of general relativity

Substance that has mass and volume

Aspect of wave–particle duality

Maxwell relations

Equations involving the partial derivatives of thermodynamic quantities

Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution

Specific probability distribution function, important in physics

Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics

Statistical distribution used in many-particle mechanics

Maxwell's demon

Thought experiment of 1867

Maxwell's equations

Equations describing classical electromagnetism

Measurement in quantum mechanics

Interaction of a quantum system with a classical observer

Measurement problem

In quantum mechanics, the problem of how or whether wave function collapse occurs during measurement

Mechanical advantage

Measure of the force amplification achieved by using a tool, mechanical device or machine system

Mechanical equilibrium

In classical mechanics, a particle is in mechanical equilibrium if the net force on that particle is zero

Mechanical resonance

Tendency of a mechanical system

Mechanical wave

Wave which is an oscillation of matter

Science concerned with physical bodies subjected to forces or displacements

Material phase change

Temperature at which a solid turns liquid

Subatomic particle; made of equal numbers of quarks and antiquarks

Mesoscopic physics

A subdiscipline of condensed matter physics that deals with materials of an intermediate length

Metallic hydrogen

Phase of hydrogen

Materials engineered to have properties that have not yet been found in nature

Stable state of a dynamical system other than the system's state of least energy

Michelson–Morley experiment

1887 experiment that failed to detect a supposed medium carrying light waves

Microcanonical ensemble

Ensemble of states with an exactly specified total energy

Microstate (statistical mechanics)

Specific microscopic configuration of a thermodynamic system

Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths from 1 m to 1 mm

Description of crystal lattice planes

Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model

Supersymmetric extension to the Standard Model

Minkowski space

Mathematical space setting which eases explanation of special relativity

Ability of two substances to form a homogeneous solution when mixed regardless of concentration

Difference in orientation between two crystallites in a polycrystalline material

Molecular diffusion

The thermal motion of liquid or gas particles at temperatures above absolute zero

Molecular dynamics

Computer simulations to discover and understand chemical properties

Molecular orbital

Wave-like behavior of an electron in a molecule

Molecular orbital theory

One of two foundational theories of quantum chemistry

Molecular physics

Study of the physical and chemical properties of molecules

Moment (physics)

Concept in physics

Moment of inertia

Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation

Conserved physical quantity related to the motion of a body

Momentum operator

Operator in quantum mechanics

Monoclinic crystal system

One of the 7 crystal systems in crystallography

Change in position of an object over time

Framework of superstring theory

Subatomic particle

Neutral subatomic elementary particle

Navier–Stokes equations

Equations describing the motion of viscous fluid substances

Very dark shade of the color blue which almost appears as black

Problem in physics and celestial mechanics

Near and far field

Regarding radioantennas

Negative-index metamaterial

Metamaterials whose refractive index for an electromagnetic wave has a negative value over some frequency range

Elementary particle with extremely low mass

Neutrino oscillation

Phenomenon in which a neutrino changes lepton flavor as it travels

Subatomic particle with no charge

Neutron radiation

Ionizing radiation that presents as free neutrons

Newtonian dynamics

Formulation of physics

Newtonian fluid

Fluid in which the viscous stresses arising from its flow, at every point, are linearly proportional to the local strain rate—the rate of change of its deformation over time; the simplest mathematical model of fluid that account for viscosity

Newton's law of cooling

Newton's law of universal gravitation

Classical mechanics physical law

Newton's laws of motion

Physical laws in classical mechanics

Point along a standing wave where the wave has minimum amplitude

Noether's theorem

Statement relating differentiable symmetries to conserved quantities

No-hair theorem

Theorem related to black holes

Non-inertial reference frame

Frame of reference

Nonlinear metamaterial

Nonlinear optics

Branch of physics

Non-Newtonian fluid

Fluid that does not follow Newton's Law of Viscosity

Force exerted on an object by a body with which it is in contact, and vice versa

Pattern of motion in which all parts of the system move sinusoidally with the same frequency and with a fixed phase relation

Nuclear binding energy

Minimum energy that would be required to disassemble the nucleus of an atom into its component parts

Nuclear fission

Nuclear reaction splitting an atom into multiple parts

A force that acts between the protons and neutrons of atoms

Process naturally occurring in stars where atomic nucleons combine

Metastable excited state of a nuclide

Nuclear magnetic resonance

Spectroscopic technique relying on the energy of electrons

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Laboratory technique

Nuclear physics

Field of physics that deals with the structure and behavior of atomic nuclei

Nuclear reaction

Process in which two nuclei collide to produce one or more nuclides

Nuclear structure

The structure of the atomic nucleus

Particle that makes up the atomic nucleus (proton or neutron)

Nucleosynthesis

Process that creates new atomic nuclei from pre-existing nucleons, primarily protons and neutrons

In physics, a dynamic variable that can be measured

Law according to which the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points

Oil drop experiment

Experiment to measure elementary electric charge

Dark yellowish green color

Bound state of a particle and its antiparticle

Property of an object or substance that is impervious to light

Operator (physics)

Function acting on the space of physical states in physics

Optical coating

Material which alters light reflection or transmission on optics

Natural logarithm of the ratio of incident to transmitted radiant power through a material; the absorbance × ln(10)

Physical quantity

Optical pumping

Method of population inversion

OPTICS algorithm

Algorithm for finding density based clusters in spatial data

Orange (colour)

Colour, located between red and yellow in the spectrum of light

Orthorhombic crystal system

Lattice point group

Repetitive variation of some measure about a central value

Chemical process

Thermodynamic cycle for spark ignition piston engines

Outline of physics

Overview of and topical guide to physics

Chemical species containing a positively-charged oxygen with 3 bonds

Pair production

Interaction of photon with matter resulting into ejection of electron-positron pair

Weak, attractive magnetism possessed by most elements and some compounds

Parity (physics)

Symmetry of physical systems under mirror reflections.

Partial pressure

Pressure attributed to a component gas in a mixture

Small localized object considered in physical sciences

Particle accelerator

Device to propel charged particles to high speeds

Spontaneous process of one unstable subatomic particle transforming into multiple other particles

Particle detector

Device used to detect, track, and/or identify ionising particles

Particle in a box

Physical model in quantum mechanics which is analytically solvable

Particle number

Number of particles in a system

Particle physics

Branch of physics

Particle statistics

Particular description of multiple particles in statistical mechanics

Partition function (statistical mechanics)

Function in thermodynamics and statistical physics

Path integral formulation

Formal sum or integral over all histories of a quantum system

Pauli exclusion principle

Quantum mechanics principle

Exotic baryon consisting of five quarks

Permeability (electromagnetism)

Measure of the ability of a material to support the formation of a magnetic field within itself

Physical quantity, measure of the resistance to the electric field

Perpetual motion (disambiguation)

Topics referred to by the same term

Perturbation theory

Mathematical methods used to find an approximate solution to a problem which cannot be solved exactly

Region of uniform physical properties

Position of a point in time (an instant) on a waveform cycle

Chart used to show conditions at which physical phases of a substance occur

General principle in thermodynamics regarding pVT systems in equilibrium

Phase transition

Physical process of transition between basic states of matter

Rate at which the phase of the wave propagates in space

Photoelectric effect

Emission of electrons when light hits a material

Photometry (optics)

Science of the measurement of light in terms of perceived brightness

Particle nature of light

Gas-like collection of photons

Photonic metamaterial

Type of electromagnetic metamaterial

Branch of physics related to the technical applications of light

Physical constant

Universal and unchanging physical quantity

Physical optics

Branch of optics

Physical property

Attribute of a physical system or body; OR non-chemical property of a material

Physical quantity

Quantitative characterization of an aspect of a physical entity, phenomenon, event, process, transformation, relation, system, or substance

Study of the fundamental properties of matter and energy

Physics beyond the Standard Model

Theories trying to extend known physics

Piezoelectricity

Electric charge that accumulates in certain solids

Pink (disambiguation)

Topics referred to by the same term

Type of liquid flow within a closed conduit

Planck constant

Physical constant in quantum mechanics

Planck postulate

Principle of quantum physics

Describes the amount of spectral radiance at a certain wavelength radiated by a black body cavity in thermal equilibrium

Type of wave propagating in 3 dimensions

Plasma (physics)

One of the four fundamental states of matter

Plasma recombination

Process by which positive ions of a plasma capture a free (energetic) electron and combine with electrons or negative ions to form new neutral atoms (gas); exothermic reaction, meaning heat releasing

Plasticity (physics)

The deformation of a solid material undergoing non-reversible changes of shape in response to applied forces

Plum pudding model

First modern model of the atom

Mathematical abstraction modeling objects with zero extent, heavily used in physics to understand nature

Single, negligibly-sized object from which light, sound, energy, etc. emanates

Poisson's ratio

Parameter of elastic materials: ratio of transverse strain to axial strain

Polarization (waves)

Property of waves that can oscillate with more than one orientation

Polarization density

Vector field describing the density of electric dipole moments in a dielectric material

Polymer physics

Branch of physics

Position (geometry)

Vector representing the position of a point with respect to a fixed origin

Position and momentum spaces

Physical spaces representing position and momentum, Fourier transform duals

Position operator

Operator in quantum mechanics

Subatomic particle with positive charge

Bound state of an electron and positron

Potential energy

Energy held by an object because of its position relative to other objects

Concept in quantum mechanics

Power (physics)

Rate at which energy is transferred, used, or transformed

Poynting vector

Measure of directional electromagnetic energy flux

Periodic change in the direction of a rotation axis

Force distributed continuously over an area

Pressure–volume diagram

Diagram in thermodynamics, ploting pressure versus volume, typically used for thermodynamic processes

Sets of colors that can be mixed to produce gamut of colors

Principal quantum number

One of four quantum numbers which are assigned to each electron in an atom to describe that electron's state

Principle of relativity

Physics principle stating that the laws of physics must be the same in all reference frames

Probability amplitude

Complex number whose squared absolute value is a probability

Any object thrown by an exertion of an unbalanced force in an inertial frame of reference

Projectile motion

Motion of an object given an initial velocity which then follows a path determined entirely by gravity

Elapsed time between two events as measured by a clock that passes through both events

ProPhoto RGB color space

Photographic color space developed by Kodak

Protein pigeon homolog

Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Proton (disambiguation)

Topics referred to by the same term

Hypothetical particle decay process of a proton

Pulse (physics)

In physics, single disturbance moving through a medium

Range of colors with the hues between blue and red

Theorized phases of matter whose degrees of freedom include quarks and gluons

Quake Army Knife

3D asset developing program

Quantization (physics)

Procedure to construct a quantum system whose classical limit corresponds to a given classical system

Aspect of physics

Quantum chromodynamics

Theory of the strong nuclear interactions

Quantum electrodynamics

Relativistic quantum field theory of electromagnetism

Quantum entanglement

Correlation between measurements of quantum subsystems, even when spatially separated

Quantum field theory

Theoretical framework combining classical field theory, special relativity, and quantum mechanics

Quantum fluctuation

Random change in the energy inside a (typically sub-microscopic) volume

Fluctuation of spacetime on very small scales

Quantum gravity

Field of theoretical physics

Quantum harmonic oscillator

Important, well-understood quantum mechanical model

Quantum indeterminacy

The apparent lack of definite state before measurement of quantum systems

Quantum mechanics

Description of physical properties at the atomic and subatomic scale

Notation for conserved quantities in physics and chemistry

Quantum potential

Quantum mechanical statistic

Mathematical entity to describe the probability of each possible measurement on a system

Quantum superposition

Principle of quantum mechanics

Quantum tunnelling

Quantum mechanical phenomenon

Classification scheme of hadrons

Concept in condensed matter physics

Quasistatic process

Thermodynamic process in which equilibrium is maintained throughout the process's duration

Physical quantity in radiometry

Measure of radiant energy over time

Waves or particles moving through space

Radiation pressure

Pressure exerted upon any surface exposed to electromagnetic radiation

Radiative transfer

Energy transfer in the form of electromagnetic radiation

Radio frequency

Electromagnetic frequencies ranging from 3 kHz to 300 GHz

Radio Wave 96.5

Radio station in Blackpool

Radioactive decay

Method of decay in atomic nuclei

Radioactive source

Radionuclide which emits ionizing radiation

Techniques for measuring electromagnetic radiation

Model that is used to predict the performance of steam turbine systems

Idealized model of light

Rayleigh scattering

The scattering of electromagnetic radiation by particles smaller than the radiation's wavelength

Reaction (physics)

Part of Newton's laws

Redlich–Kwong equation of state

Empirical algebraic equation of state more precise than the Van der Waals equation

"effective" inertial mass appearing in the two-body problem of Newtonian mechanics; quantity which allows the two-body problem to be solved as if it were a one-body problem

Reflection (physics)

"Bouncing back" of waves at an interface

Reflection coefficient

Measure of wave reflectivity

Physics; change in direction of a wave

Refractive index

Ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to that in the medium

Relativistic Doppler effect

Scientific phenomenon

Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

Heavy-ion collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory

Relativistic mechanics

Theory of motion and forces for objects close to the speed of light

Relativistic quantum mechanics

Quantum mechanics taking into account particles near or at the speed of light

Relativity of simultaneity

Concept that distant simultaneity is not absolute, but depends on the observer's reference frame

1992 compilation album by haloblack

Restoring force

Physical force acting to bring a system back toward equilibrium

Resultant force

Single force representing the combination of all forces acting on a physical body

Propagation delay of EM radiation (light)

Topics referred to by the same term

Reversible process (thermodynamics)

Process whose direction can be reversed

Reynolds number

Ratio of inertial to viscous forces acting on a liquid

RGB color model

Additive color model based on combining red, green, and blue

RGB color spaces

Any additive color space based on an RGB color model

Study of the flow of matter, primarily in a liquid state

Physical object which does not deform when forces or moments are exerted on it

Rigid body dynamics

Study of the effects of forces on undeformable bodies

Model of rotating physical systems

The study of magnetism in rocks

Type of motion that combines rotation and translation of an object with respect to a surface with which it is in contact

Movement of an object around an axis

Rotational spectroscopy

Spectroscopy of quantized rotational states of gases

Rotational–vibrational spectroscopy

Difference between rotation and revolution

Rutherford model

Model of the atom devised by Ernest Rutherford

Rutherford scattering experiments

Elastic scattering of charged particles by the Coulomb interaction

Rutherford scattering experiments

Experiments proving existence of atomic nuclei

Rydberg formula

Formula for spectral line wavelengths in alkali metals

Scalar (physics)

One-dimensional physical quantity

Scalar field theory

Field theory of scalar fields

Scalar potential

When potential energy difference depends only on displacement

Scale invariance

Features that do not change if length or energy scales are multiplied by a common factor

General physical process where waves are forced to deviate from a straight trajectory due to localized non-uniformities in the medium through which they pass

Schrödinger equation

Linear partial differential equation whose solution describes the quantum-mechanical system.

Schrödinger's cat

Thought experiment devised by the physicist Erwin Schrödinger

Wide color gamut RGB color space

Second law of thermodynamics

Secondary color

Color made by mixing two primary colors

Material that has electrical conductivity intermediate to that of a conductor and an insulator

Semiconductor detector

Device using a semiconductor (silicon or germanium) to measure radiations

Semi-empirical mass formula

Formula to approximate nuclear mass based on nucleon counts

Area where direct light from a light source cannot reach due to obstruction by an object

Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain

Component of stress coplanar with a material cross section

Shearing (physics)

Shock (mechanics)

Sudden transient acceleration

Propagating disturbance

Metallic color tone resembling gray

Simple harmonic motion

To and fro periodic motion in science and engineering

Formula for refraction angles

Subfield of condensed matter comprising a variety of physical systems that are deformed or structurally altered by thermal or mechanical stress of the magnitude of thermal fluctuations

Branch of soil physics and applied mechanics that describes the behavior of soils

One of the four fundamental states of matter

Solid mechanics

Branch of mechanics concerned with solid materials and their behaviors

Solid-state physics

Branch of physics of matter in the solid state

Shock wave from flying at the speed of sound

Vibration that propagates as an acoustic wave

Local pressure deviation from the ambient atmospheric pressure, caused by a sound wave

Space (disambiguation)

Topics referred to by the same term

Tabletop role-playing game

Spacetime diagram

Graph of space and time in special relativity

Special relativity

Theory of interwoven space and time by Albert Einstein

Spectral density

Relative importance of certain frequencies in a composite signal

Optical phenomenon

Speed (disambiguation)

Topics referred to by the same term

Speed at which all massless particles and associated fields travel in vacuum

Distance travelled during a unit of time by a sound wave propagating through an elastic medium

Spherical harmonics

Special mathematical functions defined on the surface of a sphere

Intrinsic form of angular momentum as a property of quantum particles

Spin quantum number

Quantum number parameterizing spin and angular momentum

Spin–orbit interaction

Relativistic interaction of a particle's spin with its motion inside a potential

Spontaneous emission

Quantum mechanical state change

Spontaneous magnetization

Sudden appearance of magnetic order in cold substances

Spontaneous symmetry breaking

Physical process

Standard RGB color space

Theory of forces and subatomic particles

Wave that remains in a constant position

Energy level splitting via a static electric field

State of matter

Forms which matter can take

Static electricity

Imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material

Branch of mechanics concerned with balance of forces in nonmoving systems

Stationary state

In quantum mechanics

Statistical mechanics

Branch of physics

Statistical mechanics

Physics of large number of particles' statistical behavior

State of a system or a process in which the variables which define the behavior of the system or the process are unchanging in time

Stefan–Boltzmann law

Physical law on the emissive power of black body

Stern–Gerlach experiment

Physical experiment that demonstrated the quantization of angular momentum

Resistance to deformation in response to force

Stimulated emission

Process by which an incoming photon of a specific frequency can interact with an excited atomic electron (or other excited molecular state), causing it to drop to a lower energy level

Thermodynamic cycle that describes the general class of Stirling devices

Stirling engine

Closed-cycle regenerative heat engine

Stokes parameters

Set of values that describe the polarization state of electromagnetic radiation

Property of subatomic particles; the number of strange antiquarks minus strange quarks

Strength of materials

Behavior of solid objects subject to stresses and strains

Stress (mechanics)

Physical quantity that expresses internal forces in a continuous material

Stress–energy tensor

Tensor describing the density and flux of energy in spacetime

String (physics)

Hypothetical physical entity in string theory

Theoretical framework in physics

Strong interaction

Force binding particles within hadrons

Subatomic particle

Particle whose size or mass is less than that of the atom, or of which the atom is composed; small quantum particle

Sublimation (phase transition)

Transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas state

Superconductivity

Electrical conductivity with exactly zero resistance

Supercritical fluid

State of matter

Non-classical state of matter

Combination of the principles of supersymmetry and general relativity

Superposition principle

Fundamental physics principle stating that physical solutions of linear systems are linear

Spatially ordered material with superfluid properties

Superstring theory

Theory of strings with supersymmetry

Symmetry between bosons and fermions

Surface tension

Tendency of a liquid surface to shrink to reduce surface area

Symmetry (physics)

Feature of a system that is preserved under some transformation

Symmetry breaking

Physical process transitioning a system from a symmetric state to a more ordered state

Symmetry in quantum mechanics

Properties underlying modern physics

Synchrotron radiation

Electromagnetic radiation emitted when charged particles are accelerated radially

Hypothetical faster-than-light particle

Pale brown color

Elementary subatomic particle with negative electric charge

Neutral subatomic elementary particle

Teal (disambiguation)

Airline headquartered in New Zealand

Physical quantity that expresses hot and cold

Tension (physics)

Pulling force transmitted axially – Opposite of compression

Terahertz radiation

Range 300-3000 GHz of the electromagnetic spectrum

Study of an Partical

Tests of general relativity

Scientific experiments

Tetragonal crystal system

Lattice point group

Exotic meson composed of four valence quarks

Particle accelerator

Theoretical physics

Branch of physics

Theory of everything

Hypothetical single, all-encompassing, coherent theoretical framework of physics

Theory of relativity

Two interrelated physics theories by Albert Einstein

Thermal conduction

Transfer of internal energy within a body due to particle collisions & elecron movements

Thermal conductivity and resistivity

Capacity of a material to conduct heat

Energy that is measured by temperature

Thermal equilibrium

State of no net thermal energy flow between two connected systems

Thermal expansion

Tendency of matter to change volume in response to a change in temperature

Thermal fluctuations

Random temperature-influenced deviations of particles from their average state

Thermal radiation

Electromagnetic radiation generated by the thermal motion of particles

Thermodynamic cycle

Linked sequence of thermodynamic processes that involve transfer of heat and work into and out of the system,while varying pressure, temperature, and other state variables within the system, and that eventually returns the system to its initial state

Thermodynamic equations

Equations in thermodynamics

Thermodynamic equilibrium

State of thermodynamic system(s) where no net macroscopic flow of matter or energy occurs

Thermodynamic free energy

Concept in thermodynamics

Thermodynamic potential

Scalar physical quantities representing system states

Thermodynamic process

Passage of a system from an initial state to a final state of thermodynamic equilibrium

Thermodynamic state

Quantifiable conditions of a thermodynamic system at a specific time

Thermodynamic system

Body of matter in a state of internal equilibrium

Thermodynamic temperature

Measure of temperature relative to absolute zero

Physics of heat, work, and temperature

Third law of thermodynamics

Law of physics stating that the change in entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is exactly equal to zero

Thomson scattering

Scattering of electromagnetic radiation by a free charged particle

A force that stretches a body along the line towards the center of mass of another body due to a gradient in gravitational field

Time (magazine)

American news magazine and website based in New York City

Measured time difference as explained by relativity theory

Time in physics

Fundamental quantity in physics

Tint, shade and tone

Mixture of a color with white or black

Physics concept

Torsion (mechanics)

Twisting of an object due to an applied torque

Total internal reflection

Optical phenomenon in which light is completely reflected at the boundary between a medium with a high index of refraction and a medium with a lower one

Material ability to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing

Path of a moving object

Transmission coefficient

Coefficient describing the amplitude, intensity, or total power of a transmitted wave relative to an incident wave

Transparency and translucency

Property of an object or substance to transmit light with minimal scattering

Transport phenomena

Exchange of mass, energy, and momentum between observed and studied systems

Transverse mode

Electromagnetic wave with oscillations perpendicular to the direction of travel

Transverse wave

Moving wave whose oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of the wave

Triclinic crystal system

One of the 7 crystal systems, described by vectors of unequal length and the angles between these vectors must all be different and may not include 90°

Thermodynamic point where three matter phases exist

Tunable metamaterial

Motion characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity

Thought experiment in special relativity

Two-body problem

Motion problem in classical mechanics

Deep blue purple color pigment which was originally made with ground lapis lazuli

Sound waves with frequencies above the human hearing range

Ultraviolet (disambiguation)

Topics referred to by the same term

Uncertainty principle

Foundational principle in quantum physics

Unified field theory

Type of physical field theory unifying fundamental forces

Repeating unit formed by the vectors spanning the points of a lattice

Type of point defect in a crystal, in which an atom is missing from one of the lattice sites

Background energy existing in space

Vacuum permeability

Physical constant

Vacuum permittivity

Absolute dielectric permittivity of vacuum

Valence and conduction bands

Electron energy bands which determine the electrical conductivity of a material

Van der Waals equation

Gas equation of state which accounts for non-ideal gas behavior

Substances in the gas phase at a temperature lower than its critical point

Phase transition from the liquid phase to vapor (either through evaporation or boiling)

Vector potential

A vector field whose curl is a given vector field

Vector that measures the rate of change in position over time of a moving point

Mechanical oscillations about an equilibrium point

Virial expansion

Series expansion of the equation of state for a many-particle system

Physics theorem

Image formed by optics or spherical mirrors,that diminished or magnified.

Virtual particle

Transient quantum fluctuation (physics)

Resistance of a fluid to shear deformation

Visible spectrum

Portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye

Difference in electric potential between two points in space

Volumetric flow rate

Volume of fluid which passes per unit time

Pseudovector field in continuum mechanics

Elementary particles; gauge bosons that mediate the weak interaction

Any of the ways in which waves travel

Wave (disambiguation)

Topics referred to by the same term

Second-order linear differential equation important in physics

Mathematical description of the quantum state of a system

Wave function collapse

Process by which a quantum system takes on a definitive state

Wave interference

Short "burst" or "envelope" of restricted wave action that travels as a unit

Vector describing a wave; often its propagation direction

The shape and form of a signal such as a wave moving in a physical medium or an abstract representation

Locus of points at equal phase in a wave

Waveguide (radio frequency)

Hollow metal pipe used to carry radio waves

British charitable organization

Spatial frequency of a wave

Wave–particle duality

Concept in quantum mechanics

Weak hypercharge

Quantum number relating the electric charge and the third component of weak isospin

Weak interaction

Interaction between subatomic particles

Quantum number of elementary particles

Instrument to measure the weight of an object

Force on a mass due to gravity

Hypothetical region of spacetime and singularity that cannot be entered from the outside

Wide-gamut RGB color space

Large gamut of color space developed by Adobe

Wien's displacement law

Relation between the wavelength of the black-body radiation curve peak and the temperature

WKB approximation

Solution method for linear differential equations

Process of energy transfer to an object via force application through displacement

Work (thermodynamics)

Form of energy defined in the first law of thermodynamics

Professional wrestling television series

X11 color names

Wikimedia list article about CSS, color, and the X11 system

Form of short-wavelength electromagnetic radiation

X-ray crystallography

Technique used in studying crystal structure

Yang–Mills theory

Physical theory unifying the electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions

Yellow (disambiguation)

Topics referred to by the same term

Young's modulus

Mechanical property that measures stiffness of a solid material

Effect of splitting a spectral line into several components in the presence of a static magnetic field

Zero-point energy

Lowest possible energy of a quantum system or field

Zeroth law of thermodynamics

Principle stating if two systems are in thermal equilibrium with another, they are with each other