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Eighth generation of video game consoles
Gaming generation since 2012

The eighth generation of home video game consoles began in 2012 with the Wii U, followed by the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One families in 2013, and the Nintendo Switch in 2017. Sony and Microsoft enhanced performance and expanded services like Xbox Game Pass and PlayStation VR, while Nintendo’s Switch overcame the Wii U’s shortcomings with versatile design, including the Switch Lite and OLED Model variants. Handhelds like the Nintendo 3DS and PlayStation Vita faced mobile gaming competition. The ban on consoles in China was lifted in 2015, further shaping the market. This generation preceded the next with the November 2020 release of the PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X and Series S, emphasizing improved power and backward compatibility.

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Background

This generation was predicted to face competition from smartphones, tablets, and smart TVs.456789 In 2013, gaming revenue on Android overtook portable game console revenue, while remaining a distant second to iOS gaming revenue.10 In fiscal year (FY) 2013 (ending early 2013), Nintendo sold 23.7 million consoles,11 while Apple sold 58.2 million iPads in FY 2012 (ending late 2012).12 One particular threat to the traditional console game sales model has been the free-to-play model, wherein most users play free, and either a small number of dedicated players spend enough to cover the rest, or the game is supported by advertising.13

The PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Wii U all use AMD GPUs, and two of them (PS4 and XBO) also use AMD CPUs on an x86-64 architecture, similar to common personal computers (as opposed to the IBM PowerPC Architecture used in the previous generation). Microsoft, Nintendo, and Sony were not aware that they were all using AMD hardware until their consoles were announced.14 This shift was considered to be beneficial for multi-platform development, due to the increased similarities between PC hardware and console hardware. It also provided a boost in market share for AMD (which had faced increased competition from Intel in the PC market).15

Various microconsoles (which are smaller and mostly Android-based) have been released since 2012, although they are seldom referred to as being part of the eighth (or any) generation of video game consoles. These microconsoles have included the Ouya, Nvidia Shield Console, Amazon Fire TV, PlayStation TV, MOJO, Razer Switchblade, GamePop, GameStick, and PC-based Steam Machine consoles.161718 A number of microconsoles that were modeled as scaled-down versions of consoles from previous generations, running a selection of games from that console, were also released. These included the NES Classic Edition, the SNES Classic Edition, the PlayStation Classic, and the Sega Genesis Mini.

Cloud gaming options for the consoles also were developed in the eighth generation. PlayStation Now enables cloud gaming of PlayStation 2, 3, and 4 games to current PlayStation consoles and personal computers. Microsoft began developing a comparable service xCloud for Xbox and Windows games. Google released Stadia, a dedicated cloud gaming platform designed around reduced latency and advanced features not typical of these other cloud gaming options.

Transition

While earlier console generations generally lasted five to six years, the shift from seventh to eighth generation lasted about eight.19 Unusually, the prior generation's best-selling unit, the Wii, was the first to be replaced in the eighth generation.20 In 2011, Microsoft and Sony officials said they considered themselves only halfway through a ten-year lifecycle for their seventh-generation offerings.21222324 The companies also said the addition of cameras and motion-based controllers like Xbox's Kinect and PlayStation Move extended these systems' lifetimes.25 Nintendo president Satoru Iwata said that his company would release the Wii U due to declining sales of seventh-generation home consoles and that "the market is now waiting for a new proposal for home consoles".26 Sony considered making its next console a digital download-only machine, but decided against it due to concerns about the inconsistency of internet speeds available globally, especially in developing countries.27

The introduction of the high-end PlayStation 4 Pro and Xbox One X in 2016 and 2017, respectively, led to some journalists to call these machines part of a "half generation" step within the 8th generation, new consoles that would continue to drive sales without introducing a significantly different line of hardware that would segment their consumer base.2829

In 2020, Microsoft and Sony released their 9th-generation consoles: Xbox Series X and PlayStation 5. Both said they wanted a soft transition, meaning that the new hardware plays most or all of the platform's previous games.30313233 Microsoft said Xbox Series X can play all Xbox One games, including games from the Xbox 360 and original Xbox console that are playable on the Xbox One, and introduced its Smart Delivery program to update some Xbox One games to enable play on the Xbox Series X. Sony has said the "overwhelming majority" of PlayStation 4 games play on the PlayStation 5, and that many run at higher frame rates and resolutions.34

Chinese market

Main article: Video gaming in China § History

The eighth generation of consoles also saw manufacturers re-enter the Chinese market. Since 2000, the Chinese government had banned the sale and distribution of video game consoles, citing concerns on their effect on youth. The ban led console gaming to a niche sector, including a black market for the purchase of these consoles, while also causing personal computing gaming to take off within China, including the spread of Internet cafes and PC bangs.35 This ban lasted through January 2014, where the Chinese government first opened up to allow the sale of consoles in the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone (FTZ).36 By July 2015, the ban on video game consoles was wholly lifted.37 Access to the Chinese video game market is lucrative, having an estimated 500 million potential players38 and representing over US$24 billion in revenues as of 2016.39

Microsoft and Sony quickly took advantage of the lifting of the ban, announcing sales of the Xbox One and PlayStation 4 platforms within the FTZ shortly after the 2014 announcement. Microsoft established a partnership with BesTV New Media Co, a subsidiary of the Shanghai Media Group, to sell Xbox One units in China,40 with units first shipping by September 2014.41 Sony worked with Shanghai Oriental Pearl Media in May 2014 to establish manufacturing in the FTZ,42 with the PlayStation 4 and PlayStation Vita shipping into China by March 2015.43 CEO of Sony Computer Entertainment Andrew House explained in September 2013 that the company intended to use the PlayStation Vita TV as a low-cost alternative for consumers in an attempt to penetrate the Chinese gaming market.44

Nintendo did not initially seek to bring the Wii U into China; Nintendo of America president Reggie Fils-Aimé stated that China was of interest to the company after the ban was lifted, but considered that there were similar difficulties with establishing sales there as they had recently had with Brazil.45 Later, Nintendo had teamed up with Tencent by April 2019 to help sell and distribute the Nintendo Switch as well as aid its games through the Chinese government approval process led by National Radio and Television Administration.4647

Home consoles

Wii U

Main article: Wii U

In November 2010, Nintendo of America CEO Reggie Fils-Aimé stated that the release of the next generation of Nintendo would be determined by the continued success of the Wii.48 Nintendo announced its successor to the Wii, the Wii U, at the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2011 on June 7, 2011.49 After the announcement, several journalists classified the system as the first eighth generation home console.505152 However, prominent sources have disputed this because of its comparative lack of power and older disc media type with respect to the announced specifications for PlayStation 4 and the Xbox One.5354

The Wii U's main controller, the Wii U GamePad, features an embedded touchscreen that can work as an auxiliary interactive screen in a fashion similar to the Nintendo DS/3DS, or if compatible with "Off TV Play", can even act as the main screen itself, enabling games to be played without the need of a television. The Wii U is compatible with its predecessor's peripherals, such as the Wii Remote Plus, the Nunchuk, and the Wii Balance Board.55

The Wii U was released in North America on November 18, 2012, in Europe on November 30, 2012, and in Japan on December 8, 2012. It came in two versions, the white Basic Model and the black Deluxe/Premium Model, at the price of $299 and $349 US Dollars, respectively. On August 28, 2013, Nintendo announced the production of the Basic model has ended and expected supplies to be exhausted by September 20, 2013. On October 4, 2013, the Deluxe/Premium model was price cut from US$349 to US$299.56

The Wii U was initially expected to have lifetime sales of about over 100 million, comparable to the Wii.57 However, it only managed to have lifetime sales of about only 13 million, in sharp contrast with the Wii. This financially hurt Nintendo, with several financial quarters running at a loss through 2014. Nintendo had anticipated the Wii U would sell similarly to the Wii, but it ended up selling worse than the GameCube and became Nintendo's least successful home console to date.58 Nintendo officially discontinued the Wii U on January 31, 2017, due to its commercial failure, to make way for its second competitor, the Nintendo Switch, released one month later.59

PlayStation 4

Main article: PlayStation 4

On February 20, 2013, Sony announced the PlayStation 4 during a press conference in New York City. The console places an emphasis on features surrounding social interaction. Gameplay videos can be shared via the PlayStation Network and other services. Users can stream games being played by themselves or others (either through the console, or directly to Twitch). The DualShock 4 is similar to the previous DualShock 3 controller with the addition of a touchpad and a "Share" button along with a Light-emitting diode bar on the front to allow motion tracking. The PlayStation Camera camera accessory is offered for the system, with stereo camera lenses up to 1280×800px resolution with support for depth sensing similar to Microsoft's Kinect. It also remains compatible with the PlayStation Move peripherals. Second screen capabilities are available through mobile apps and the PlayStation Vita, as well as cloud gaming streaming through the Gaikai service.6061

The PlayStation 4 was released on November 15, 2013, in North America and November 29, 2013, in Australia and Europe at US$399.99, A$549 and €399 respectively.

Xbox One

Main article: Xbox One

On May 21, 2013, Microsoft announced the Xbox One at an event in Redmond, Washington. The console focuses on entertainment, including the ability to pass television programming from a set-top box over HDMI and use a built-in electronic program guide, and the ability for computer multitasking by snapping applications (such as Skype and Internet Explorer) to the side of the screen, similarly to Windows 8. The controller has "Impulse Triggers" that provide Haptic technology feedback, and the ability to automatically record and save highlights from gameplay. An updated version of Kinect was developed with a 1080p camera and expanded voice controls. Originally bundled with the console it has since been excluded.6263

The Xbox One was released in North America, Europe, and Australia on November 22, 2013, at a launch price of US$499.99, €499 and A$599 respectively with Japan, and was later released in 26 other markets in 2014. It had two mid-generation upgrades, one cheaper option released in 2016 called the Xbox One S, and the other called the Xbox One X which added 4K gaming. Microsoft claimed that the Xbox One X was the "World's most powerful console" and 40% more powerful than any other console at the time of its release.

Production of the Xbox One family of consoles were discontinued shortly after the launch of their successor, the Xbox Series X and S, at the end of 2020.64

Nintendo Switch

Main article: Nintendo Switch

Due to the commercial failure of the Wii U, along with competition from mobile gaming, then-president Satoru Iwata sought to revitalize the company by creating a new strategy for Nintendo that included embracing mobile gaming, and developing new hardware that would be attractive to a wider range of audiences.65 The hardware product was announced under the codename NX in a press conference held with DeNA on March 17, 2015,66 and fully revealed as the Nintendo Switch on October 20, 2016. It was released worldwide on March 3, 2017, competing with the Xbox One and PlayStation 4.

The Switch is considered by Nintendo a home console that has multiple ways to play. The main unit, the Console, is a tablet-sized device with a touch-sensitive screen. It can be inserted into a Docking Station which allows games to be played on a connected television. Alternatively, two Joy-Con, motion-sensitive controllers comparable to the Wii Remotes, can be slotted onto the sides of the Console so the unit can be played as a handheld. Further, the Console can be set on a kickstand, allowing multiple players to see the screen and play games with separate Joy-Con. Additionally, Nintendo built the Switch on standard industry components, allowing for ease of porting games onto the system using standard software libraries and game engines rather than Nintendo's usual proprietary approaches. This enabled them to bring several third-party and independent game developers on board prior to launch to assure some third-party games in their software library.

Despite the Switch being significantly weaker in terms of processing power than its competitors, it was met with critical praise and commercial success. Nintendo had anticipated selling about 10 million Switches in the first year of release but ended up exceeding this projection with total first-year sales of over 17 million units, exceeding the Wii U's lifetime sales. In late 2017, the Nintendo Switch was the fastest selling console in US history, and in November 2018 it was the fastest selling of all the 8th generation consoles in the US.67

A hardware revision, the Switch Lite, was announced on July 10, 2019, and was released on September 20, 2019. The unit integrates the Joy-Con onto the main console with a smaller form-factor, making the unit strictly handheld rather than a hybrid system. Further details are described below under Handhelds. A refreshed mid-life model, the Nintendo Switch – OLED Model, was announced on July 6, 2021, and was released on October 8, 2021, featuring a 7-inch OLED screen, a wider and adjustable stand, enhanced audio, longer battery life, a 4K-ready dock with a built-in wired LAN port, and 64 GB of internal storage.

Comparison

This table lists all major consoles and subsequent mid-generation releases, and does not include minor revisions or hardware changes, such as the "slim" revision of the PlayStation 4.

Comparison of eighth-generation video game home consoles
ConsoleWii UNintendo SwitchNintendo Switch – OLED ModelPlayStation 4PlayStation 4 ProXbox OneXbox One SXbox One X
Logo
ManufacturerNintendoSony InteractiveMicrosoft
Image
Release dates
  • NA: November 18, 2012
  • EU: November 30, 2012
  • AU: November 30, 2012
  • JP: December 8, 2012
  • WW: March 3, 201768
  • WW: October 8, 2021
Playstation 4
  • NA: November 15, 2013
  • EU: November 29, 2013
  • AU: November 29, 2013
  • JP: February 22, 2014
Playstation 4 Slim
  • WW: September 15, 201669
  • WW: November 10, 201670
  • NA: November 22, 2013
  • EU: November 22, 2013 (select countries only)71
  • AU: November 22, 2013
  • JP: September 4, 201472
  • NA: August 2, 2016 (select countries only)
  • EU: August 2, 2016 (select countries only)
  • AU: August 2, 2016
  • JP: November 24, 2016
  • WW: April 16, 2019
(all digital edition)
  • WW: November 7, 2017
73
Launch pricesUS$US$299.99 (equivalent to $410 in 2024)74US$299.99 (equivalent to $380 in 2024)75US$349.99 (equivalent to $410 in 2024)Playstation 4US$399.99 (equivalent to $540 in 2024)76Playstation 4 SlimUS$299.00 (equivalent to $390 in 2024)US$399.00 (equivalent to $520 in 2024)77US$499.99 (equivalent to $670 in 2024)US$299.00 (equivalent to $390 in 2024)US$499.99 (equivalent to $640 in 2024)
€Set by retailers€320 (equivalent to €400 in 2023) (equivalent to €400 in 2023)€349 (equivalent to €420 in 2023) (equivalent to €420 in 2023)Playstation 4€399.00 (equivalent to €490 in 2023) (equivalent to €490 in 2023)78Playstation 4 Slim€299.99 (equivalent to €370 in 2023)(equivalent to €370 in 2023)79€399.99 (equivalent to €490 in 2023) (equivalent to €490 in 2023)80€499 (equivalent to €620 in 2023) (equivalent to €620 in 2023)€299 (equivalent to €370 in 2023) (equivalent to €370 in 2023)81€499.99 (equivalent to €610 in 2023) (equivalent to €610 in 2023)82
GBPSet by retailers£279.99 (equivalent to £370 in 2023)83£309.99 (equivalent to £370 in 2023)Playstation 4£349.00 (equivalent to £510 in 2023)84£345.00 (equivalent to £470 in 2023)85£429.00 (equivalent to £620 in 2023)£249 (equivalent to £340 in 2023)86
A$A$348.00 (equivalent to $440 in 2022)A$469.95 (equivalent to $540 in 2022)87A$540.00 (equivalent to $580 in 2022)Playstation 4A$549.00 (equivalent to $680 in 2022)88A$560.00 (equivalent to $650 in 2022)89A$599.00 (equivalent to $740 in 2022)
JP¥¥26,250 (equivalent to ¥27,670 in 2019)¥29,980 (equivalent to ¥30,440 in 2019)90¥52,500Playstation 4¥41,979 (equivalent to ¥43,860 in 2019)
Current pricesDiscontinuedSame as launch pricesSame as launch pricesDiscontinuedDiscontinued
DiscontinuedJanuary 31, 201791In productionIn productionJapan: January 5, 202192August 25, 201793Q4 2020(All-Digital version discontinued July 16, 2020)94July 16, 202095
SalesShipped13.56 million (as of December 31, 2018)96141.32 million (all models)97 (as of March 31, 2024)98117.2 million (as of March 31, 2022)9958 million (as of June 30, 2023)100
SoldNot reportedNot reported>113.5 million (as of September 30, 2020)101
Best-selling gameMario Kart 8, 8.46 million (as of March 31, 2022)102Mario Kart 8 Deluxe, 48.41 million (as of September 30, 2022)103God of War (2018), 19.50 million (as of February 3, 2022)104PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds, 8.00 million (as of July 2018)105
List of best-selling Wii U video gamesList of best-selling Nintendo Switch video gamesList of best-selling PlayStation 4 video gamesList of best-selling Xbox One video games
MediaGame mediaNintendo Switch game card (1-64 GB)107Blu-ray (25/50 GB) (6x CAV)108Blu-ray (25/50/66/100 GB)
OtherWii Optical Disc (4.7/8.5 GB) (6x CAV)—Blu-ray, DVDBlu-ray, DVD, CDUltra HD Blu-ray, Blu-ray, DVD, CD109
Regional lockoutRegion locked110UnrestrictedAlmost fully111Only DLC is region locked112Unrestricted113114
Backward compatibilityWii115Partial116Partial117Partial118
CPUTypeTri-Core IBM PowerPC Espresso119Quad-core ARM Cortex-A57, quad-core ARM Cortex-A53120121Octa-core AMD Jaguar-based122123Octa-core AMD Jaguar-based124Octa-core AMD Jaguar-based125126Octa-core AMD Jaguar-based127128
ISAPowerPCARMv8-Ax86-64
Clock speed1.24 GHz1.02 GHz1.60 GHz2.13 GHz1.75 GHz2.30 GHz
L1 cache192 kB129576 kB130512 kB131512 kB132
L2 cache3 MB eDRAM @ 1.24GHz (CPU)

(159.1 GB/s)133

2.5 MB1344 MB1351364 MB137138
L3 cache32 MB eDRAM @ 550 MHz (70.4 GB/s)139140——32 MB eSRAM @ 853 MHz (204 GB/s)14114232 MB eSRAM @ 914 MHz (219 GB/s)143144—145
3 MB eSRAM146
Process45 nm20 nm14716 nmPlaystation 428 nmPlaystation 4 Slim16 nm16 nm14814928 nm16 nm
SecondaryARM9 processor (for background tasks)—ARM processor (for background tasks)150——
GPUTypeAMD Radeon-based "Latte"151152Nvidia GM20B Maxwell-based153154AMD Radeon-based "Liverpool"AMD Radeon-based "Neo"155AMD Radeon-based "Durango"AMD Radeon-based "Scorpio Engine"
Clock speed550 MHz156307.2-768 MHz157158800 MHz800 MHz911 MHz159853 MHz914 MHz1,172 MHz160
Stream processors320161162256163115223041647681651662560167168
TFLOP/s0.3521690.157-0.3931701711.8434.1981721.3101.4046.001173
TMUs16174161757214417648160177
Texture rate8.8 GTexel/s1784.9-12.3 GTexel/s57.6 GTexel/s131.2 GTexel/s17940.9 GTexel/s18043.8 GTexel/s187.5 GTexel/s181
ROPs81821618332641841632185
Pixel rate4.4 GPixel/s1861874.9-12.3 GPixel/s25.6 GPixel/s18829.15 GPixel/s18913.6 GPixel/s19014.6 GPixel/s37.5 GPixel/s191
Compute units5192219318361941240195
Process40 nm19620 nm197Playstation 428 nmPlaystation 4 Slim16 nm16 nm19828 nm16 nm199
MemoryMain2 GB DDR3 SDRAM2004 GB LPDDR4 SDRAM2018 GB GDDR5 SDRAM2028 GB GDDR5 SDRAM8 GB DDR3 SDRAM20312 GB GDDR5 SDRAM
Clock speed800 MHz (1600 MHz effective)1600 MHz (3200 MHz effective)1700 MHz (6800 MHz effective)1375 MHz (5500 MHz effective)1700 MHz (6800 MHz effective)1066.5 MHz (2133 MHz effective)1700 MHz (6800 MHz effective)
Bandwidth12.8 GB/s25.6 GB/s176.0 GB/s217.6 GB/s68.3 GB/s326.4 GB/s
Reserved1 GB2041 GB3.5 GB2053 GB206
Secondary——256 MB DDR3 RAM2071 GB DDR3 RAM—
StorageInternal8 GB/32 GB eMMC flash memory (non-replaceable)1 GB flash memory (reserved for the OS)32 GB eMMC NAND flash memory (non-replaceable)20864 GB eMMC NAND flash memory (non-replaceable)500 GB HDD or 1 TB HDD (user replaceable)2092101 TB HDD or 2 TB (user replaceable)500 GB HDD, 1 TB HDD (non-replaceable)2118 GB flash memory (reserved for the OS)212500 GB HDD, 1 TB HDD, 2 TB HDD (non-replaceable)8 GB flash memory (reserved for the OS)1 TB HDD, (non-replaceable)8 GB flash memory (reserved for the OS)
ExternalSupports up to 32 GB SDHC cardsSupports up to 2 TB USB HDD (Wii U Mode only)213Supports microSD/microSDHC/microSDXC up to 2 TB214Supports USB HDD over 240 GB up to 8 TB (with System Software 4.50 or higher)215Supports USB 3.0 HDD larger than 256 GB up to 16 TB216217
Game InstallationOnly downloaded games can be installed to storageDownloaded games can be installed to internal memory or SD cardAll games must be installed to a connected HDD218All games must be installed to a connected HDD
NetworkWireless802.11 a/b/g/n/ac Wi-Fi @ 2.4 and 5.0 GHz220Playstation 4802.11b/g/n Wi-Fi @ 2.4 GHz221Playstation 4 Slim802.11b/g/n/ac Wi-Fi @ 2.4 GHz802.11a/b/g/n/ac Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz/5 GHz222802.11a/b/g/n dual-band Wi-Fi @ 2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz223802.11a/b/g/n/ac dual-band Wi-Fi @ 2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz224
WiredFast Ethernet225Fast Ethernet226Gigabit EthernetGigabit EthernetGigabit Ethernet
DimensionsWhen lying down on its side:Width: 172 mm (6.7 in)Height: 46 mm (1.8 in)Length: 268.5 mm (10.5 in)(can be oriented vertically using a stand)Console laying flat:Width: 102 mm (4.0 in)Height: 13.9 mm (0.55 in)Length: 203.1 mm (8.00 in) (Console only)239 mm (9.4 in) (Joy-Con attached)(must be oriented vertically)Console laying flat:Width: 102 mm (4.0 in)Height: 13.9 mm (0.55 in)Length: 203.1 mm (8.00 in) (Console only)239 mm (9.4 in) (Joy-Con attached)(must be oriented vertically)Playstation 4When lying down on its side:Width: 275 mm (10.8 in)Height: 53 mm (2.0 in)Length: 305 mm (12.0 in)(can be oriented vertically using a stand)Playstation 4 SlimWhen lying down on its side:Width: 265 mm (10.4 in)Height: 39 mm (1.5 in)Length: 288 mm (11.3 in)(can be oriented vertically using a stand)When lying down on its side:Width: 295 mm (11.6 in)Height: 55 mm (2.2 in)Length: 327 mm (12.9 in)(can be oriented vertically using a stand)227When lying down on its side:Width: 309 mm (12.1 in)Height: 83 mm (3.2 in)Length: 258 mm (10.1 in)(must be oriented horizontally)228When lying down on its side:Width: 295 mm (11.6 in)Height: 64 mm (2.5 in)Length: 227 mm (8.9 in)(can be oriented vertically using a stand)229When lying down on its side:Width: 300 mmHeight: 60 mmLength: 240 mm(can be oriented vertically using a stand)230231
Weight1.5 kg (3.3 lb)0.297 kg (0.65 lb) (Console only)0.398 kg (0.88 lb) (Joy-Con attached)0.319 kg (0.70 lb) (Console only)0.420 kg (0.93 lb) (Joy-Con attached)Playstation 42.8 kg (6.2 lb)Playstation 4 Slim2.1 kg (4.6 lb)3.3 kg (7.3 lb)2323.2 kg (7.1 lb)2.9 kg (6.4 lb)2333.8 kg (8.4 lb)234
Power75 W (external power supply)2354,310 mAh, 3.7 V lithium-ion battery

Max. 39 W (external power supply)

Playstation 4Max. 223 W (internal power supply)Playstation 4 SlimMax. 163 W (internal power supply)Max. 289 W (internal power supply)236 (PSU)

Max. 310 W (internal power supply)237 (Product Page)

Max. 220 W (external power supply)Max. 125 W (internal power supply)Max. 245 W (internal power supply)238
Included accessories

All Models

Deluxe/Premium Model only

  • Wii U GamePad stand
  • Wii U GamePad charging cradle
  • Wii U console stand
  • Two Joy-Con controllers (L and R)
  • Two Joy-Con straps
  • Joy-Con Grip
  • Switch Dock
  • HDMI cable
  • Xbox Wireless Controller
  • Wired mono headset
  • HDMI cable
VideoOutput1080p, 1080i, 720p, 480p

576i, 480i (standard 4:3 and 16:9 anamorphic widescreen)

720p (undocked)239

1080p, 720p and 480p (docked)

720p (undocked)

1080p, 720p and 480p (docked)

1080p, 1080i, 720p, and 480p
  • HDR10
  • HDMI out 1.4b
4K 2160p, 1080p, 1080i, 720p, and 480p
  • HDR10
  • HDMI out 2.0a
1080p, 720p, and 480p240241
  • HDMI in/out 1.4b

4K 2160p, 1440p, 1080p, 720p, and 480p242243244

  • HDR10
  • Dolby Vision
  • HDMI out 2.0a (Xbox One S)
  • HDMI out 2.0b (Xbox One X)
  • HDMI in 1.4b
  • AMD FreeSync support
Integrated 3DTV supportYesNoYesYes245
Second screenWii U GamePad (bundled with console)—PlayStation VitaPlayStation App on iOS and Android devicesXbox Console Companion on Android, iOS, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows 10, Windows Phone
RemoteLocal game streaming via Off-TV Play to Wii U GamePad for some games—Local and remote game streaming via Remote Play to PS Vita, macOS and Windows, or selected Sony Xperia smartphone246 for all games,except those that require the PS Camera or PS Move247248Local game streaming via Xbox App to Windows 10 PC249
Audio
  • 5.1 LPCM output via HDMI
  • Analog stereo via "AV Multi Out" port
  • Stereo speakers on Wii U GamePad
  • Stereo output via 3.5mm jack on Wii U GamePad
  • 5.1 LPCM output via HDMI
  • Stereo speakers on Console
  • Stereo output via 3.5mm jack on Console250
  • 7.1 LPCM and bitstreaming output via HDMI
  • 5.1 LPCM and bitstreaming output via optical out
  • Stereo output via 3.5mm jack on DualShock 4
  • Mono speaker on DualShock 4
  • 7.1 LPCM and bitstreaming output via HDMI
  • 2.0 LPCM and bitstreaming output via optical out
  • Internal system speaker251
  • Stereo output via extension port on controller (requires adapter for 3.5 mm jacks) and via 3.5 mm jack port (present only on 2nd and 3rd controller revisions)
Peripheral abilities
  • Bluetooth 4.1
  • HDMI (1 out port on dock)
  • 1 LAN port (on dock)
  • 2 USB 2.0 ports (on dock)
  • 1 USB-C port (on Console)
  • Near Field Communication (NFC)252
  • Wi-Fi Direct
  • 2 HDMI (1 in port and 1 out port)255
  • 3 USB 3.0 ports (1 at side of console, 2 at rear)
  • Kinect port
  • Optical out port
  • Ethernet port
  • IR Blaster
  • Bluetooth 4.0256
  • 2 HDMI (1 in port and 1 out port)257
  • 3 USB 3.0 ports (1 at front of console, 2 at rear)
  • Optical out port
  • S/PDIF
  • Ethernet port
Controller
Touch capabilityWii U GamePad includes an integrated resistive touchscreenConsole includes multi-touch capacitive touchscreen261DualShock 4 controller includes an integrated 2 point capacitive touchpad—
CameraWii U GamePad camera (bundled with all consoles)—PlayStation CameraKinectKinect (adapter required to use)262
Online servicesNetworkNintendo NetworkNintendo Switch OnlinePlayStation NetworkXbox Live
DownloadsDownloads games and automatic updates in the background via SpotPassDownloads automatic updates in the backgroundDownloads games and automatic updates in the backgroundDownloads games and automatic updates in the background263
SubscriptionFreePaid Nintendo Switch Online subscription required for online multiplayer, except for free-to-play titles264Paid PlayStation Plus subscription required for online multiplayer and cloud saves except for free-to-play titles265266Paid Xbox Live Gold subscription required for online multiplayer, except for free-to-play titles free cloud saves267
Game DVRImageScreenshots with Miiverse integration (can be shared to Facebook, Twitter, Google Plus and Tumblr)Screenshots with Facebook and Twitter integration268Screenshots with Twitter integrationScreenshots with Twitter integration
VideoGameplay replays with YouTube integration (select games only)Up to 30 seconds of gameplay with Facebook and Twitter integration269270Up to 1 hour of gameplay with Dailymotion, Facebook, Twitter and YouTube integration; 720p for all PS4 models, 1080p for PS4 ProUp to 5 minutes of gameplay; 1080p for all Xbox One models,271 4K for Xbox One X (external storage required)272
Live streaming——Live streaming with Dailymotion, Twitch, Ustream and YouTube Gaming integrationLive streaming with Mixer and Twitch integration
FreeFreeFreePaid subscription to Xbox Live Gold required273
List of gamesList of Wii U gamesList of Nintendo Switch gamesList of PlayStation 4 gamesList of Xbox One games
System softwareOSWii U system softwareNintendo Switch system softwarePlayStation 4 system softwareXbox One system software
UpdatesUpdates are downloaded and installed automatically in Standby ModeAutomatic updates can be enabled by turning on Automatic Software Updates in System Settings274Updates are downloaded and installed automatically in Rest ModeUpdates are downloaded and installed automatically in Instant-on Mode
Notes

Handheld systems

A trend starting from the eighth generation of handheld systems was the general shift from dedicated handheld gaming consoles to mobile gaming on smart devices, such as smartphones and tablets. As such, smart devices had eroded sales of dedicated handheld gaming consoles, with analysts of the time predicting that smart devices would had replaced handheld gaming consoles.275

Nintendo 3DS

Main article: Nintendo 3DS

The Nintendo 3DS is a portable game console produced by Nintendo. It is the successor to the Nintendo DS. The autostereoscopic device is able to project stereoscopic 3D effects without the use of 3D glasses or any additional accessories.276 The Nintendo 3DS features backward compatibility with Nintendo DS series software, including Nintendo DSi software.277 Announcing the device in March 2010, Nintendo officially unveiled it at E3 2010,278279 with the company inviting attendees to use demonstration units.280 The console succeeds the Nintendo DS series of handheld systems,281 which primarily competes with PlayStation Portable.282 It competes with Sony's handheld, the PlayStation Vita.283

The Nintendo 3DS was released in Japan on February 26, 2011; in Europe on March 25, 2011; in North America on March 27, 2011;284285 and in Australia on March 31, 2011. On July 28, 2011, Nintendo announced a major price drop starting August 12. In addition, as of September 2011 consumers who bought the system at its original price have access to ten Nintendo Entertainment System games before they are available to the general public, after which the games may be updated to the versions publicly released on the Nintendo eShop. In December 2011, ten Game Boy Advance games were made available to consumers who bought the system at its original price at no charge, with Nintendo stating it has no plans to release to the general public.286

On June 21, 2012, Nintendo announced a bigger model of the 3DS called the Nintendo 3DS XL. Both screens are 90% larger than the original 3DS, but the resolution is the same. It also has a slightly longer battery life. It was released on July 28, 2012, in Europe and August 19, 2012, in North America as well as Australasia on August 23, 2012, and Brazil on September 1, 2012.287

On August 28, 2013, Nintendo announced a low cost, 2D version of the 3DS called the Nintendo 2DS. This redesign plays all Nintendo DS and Nintendo 3DS games, albeit without a stereoscopic 3D option. Unlike previous machines of the DS family, the Nintendo 2DS uses a slate-like design instead of a clamshell one. The console launched on October 12 in both Europe and North America288 as well as Australasia.289

On August 29, 2014, Nintendo announced an enhanced revision of the 3DS called the New Nintendo 3DS and New Nintendo 3DS XL. The newer system uses microSD cards rather than full-sized and has a second analog "nub" input, the C-stick, Super-Stable 3D™ (face-tracking technology that allows the glasses-free stereoscopic 3D display to constantly adapt to the user's exact eye position as the player shifts his or her arms and body) and an upgraded processor that allows for more advanced NN3DS-exclusive games (e.g., a 3D port of acclaimed Wii game Xenoblade Chronicles) which cannot be played on the original Nintendo 3DS/2DS, although New Nintendo 3DS can still be played with all 3DS and most DSi games. It was released in Japan on October 11, 2014; in Australasia on November 21, 2014; in Europe on February 13, 2015; in North America on February 13, 2015, for the XL version. The smaller version for North America was released on September 25, 2015, bundled with the game Animal Crossing: Happy Home Designer.290 In April 2017, Nintendo announced the New Nintendo 2DS XL, released in Japan on July 13, 2017, and in North America on July 28, 2017. It is a streamlined version of the New Nintendo 3DS XL, with identical screen sizes, but with a thinner build and without stereoscopic 3D.291

The 3DS family was formally discontinued in September 2020.

PlayStation Vita

Main article: PlayStation Vita

The PlayStation Vita is the second handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment.292 It is the successor to the PlayStation Portable as part of the PlayStation brand of gaming devices. It was released in Japan on December 17, 2011293 and was released in Europe and North America on February 22, 2012.294295

The handheld includes two analog sticks, a 5-inch (130 mm) OLED/LCD multi-touch capacitive touchscreen, and supports Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and optional 3G. Internally, the PS Vita features a 4-core ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore processor and a 4-core SGX543MP4+ graphics processing unit (GPU), as well as LiveArea software as its main user interface, which succeeds the XrossMediaBar.296297

The device is backward-compatible with a subset of the PSP and PS One games digitally released on the PlayStation Network via the PlayStation Store.298 The graphics for PSP releases are upscaled, with a smoothing filter to reduce pixelation.299

Lifetime sales of the Vita have not been released by Sony but have been estimated between 15 and 16 million.300301 Sony discontinued the PlayStation Vita on March 1, 2019,302 and has no plans for a successor.303304

Nintendo Switch Lite

Main article: Nintendo Switch Lite

Nintendo released the Nintendo Switch Lite, a hardware revision of the Switch, worldwide on September 20, 2019. Designed as a less expensive version of the Switch, the Switch Lite integrates the Joy-Con onto the hardware unit itself, eliminating some of the Joy-Con's features, which prevents a small number of games in the Switch's library that exclusively require television or tabletop modes from being used on the Switch. Additionally, the Switch Lite cannot be docked. The unit is smaller and lighter than the main Switch console, and uses updated lower-powered hardware that improves its battery performance. It otherwise supports all other features of the Switch, including its communication capabilities.

Handheld comparison

Product lineNintendo 3DS familyPlayStation VitaNintendo Switch Lite
ConsoleNintendo 3DS/Nintendo 3DS XLNintendo 2DSNew Nintendo 3DS/New Nintendo 3DS XL /New Nintendo 2DS XLPCH-1000 / PCH-2000Nintendo Switch Lite
Logo
ManufacturerNintendoSony (SCE/SIE)Nintendo
Image
Release datesNintendo 3DS:
  • JP: February 26, 2011
  • EU: March 25, 2011
  • NA: March 27, 2011
  • AU: March 31, 2011
  • KOR: April 28, 2012
Nintendo 3DS XL:
  • JP: July 28, 2012
  • EU: July 28, 2012
  • NA: August 19, 2012
  • AU: August 23, 2012
  • KOR: September 20, 2012
  • EU: October 12, 2013
  • NA: October 12, 2013
  • AU: October 12, 2013
  • KOR: December 2013
  • JP: February 27, 2016
New Nintendo 3DS:
  • JP: October 11, 2014
  • AU: November 20, 2014
  • EU: January 6, 2015 (Ambassador Edition)
  • EU: February 13, 2015 (General release)
  • NA: September 25, 2015
New Nintendo 3DS XL:
  • JP: October 11, 2014
  • AU: November 20, 2014
  • EU: February 13, 2015
  • NA: February 13, 2015
New Nintendo 2DS XL:
  • AU: June 15, 2017
  • JP: July 13, 2017
  • KOR: July 13, 2017
  • NA: July 28, 2017
  • EU: July 28, 2017
PCH-1000:
  • JP: December 17, 2011
  • EU: February 22, 2012
  • NA: February 22, 2012
  • AU: February 23, 2012
PCH-2000:
  • JP: October 10, 2013
  • EU: February 7, 2014
  • NA: May 6, 2014
  • WW: September 20, 2019
Launch prices

Nintendo 3DS:

  • ¥25,000
  • US$249.99305
  • £/€, set by individual retailers306
  • A$349.95307

Nintendo 3DS XL:

  • ¥18,900
  • US$199.99
  • £/€, set by individual retailers
  • A$249.90
  • US$129.99
  • £/€, set by individual retailers
  • A$149.95

New Nintendo 3DS:

  • ¥16,000
  • A$219.95
  • £/€, set by individual retailers

New Nintendo 3DS XL:

  • ¥18,900
  • A$249.95
  • £/€, set by individual retailers
  • US$199.99

New Nintendo 2DS XL:

Wi-Fi+3G

  • ¥29,980
  • US$299
  • €299
  • £279.99310
  • A$419.95

Wi-Fi

  • ¥24,980
  • US$249
  • €249
  • £229.99
  • A$349.95311

PCH-2000

  • ¥19,929
  • £180
US$199.99
Current prices

Nintendo 3DS:

  • ¥15,000312
  • US$169.99313
  • £/€, set by individual retailers
  • A$249.99314
Wi-Fi / Wi-Fi+3G:
  • ¥19,980
  • US$199.99315
  • €199
  • £, set by individual retailers316
  • A$269.95
DiscontinuedJanuary 5, 2015317318September 17, 2020319320321New Nintendo 3DS: July 2017322323

New Nintendo 3DS XL: July 25, 2019324New Nintendo 2DS XL: September 17, 2020

March 1, 2019325In production
Units shipped75.94 million (as of March 31, 2022)326—32721.02 million (as of March 31, 2023)328
Best-selling gameMario Kart 7, 18.97 million units (as of March 31, 2022)329

Further information: List of best-selling Nintendo 3DS video games

Uncharted: Golden Abyss, 500,000 units (as of June 3, 2012)330Mario Kart 8 Deluxe, 45.33 million units (as of March 31, 2022)331
Regional lockoutRegion locked332No region lockNo region lock333
Backward compatibilityNintendo DS / Nintendo DSiPlayStation Portable (digitally downloaded games only)—
DisplayTop Screen:
  • Autostereoscopic (3D) LCD
  • Screen size:
    • 3DS: 3.53 in (90 mm)
    • 3DS XL: 4.88 in (124 mm)
  • Screen pixel:
    • 3DS/3DS XL: 800 × 240 px (400 × 240 px per eye in 3D)

Bottom Screen:

  • 2D LCD resistive touchscreen
  • Screen size:
    • 3DS: 3.02 in (77 mm)
    • 3DS XL: 4.18 in (106 mm)
  • 320 × 240 px QVGA
Top Screen:
  • 2D LCD
  • Screen size:
    • 3.53 in (90 mm)
  • Screen pixel:
    • 400 × 240 px

Bottom Screen:

Top Screen:
  • Autostereoscopic (3D) LCD (New 3DS, New 3DS XL only)
  • 2D LCD (New 2DS XL only)
  • Screen size:
    • New 3DS: 3.88 in (99 mm)
    • New 3DS XL: 4.88 in (124 mm)
    • New 2DS XL: 4.88 in (124 mm)
  • Screen pixel:
    • New 3DS/New 3DS XL: 800 × 240 px (400 × 240 px per eye in 3D)
    • New 2DS XL: 400 × 240 px

Bottom Screen:

  • 2D LCD resistive touchscreen
  • Screen size:
    • New 3DS: 3.33 in (85 mm)
    • New 3DS XL: 4.18 in (106 mm)
    • New 2DS XL: 4.18 in (106 mm)
  • 320 × 240 px QVGA
PCH-1000: 5 in (130 mm) OLED capactive touchscreen 960 × 544 pxPCH-2000: 5 in (130 mm) IPS LCD capacitive touchscreen 960 × 544 px
  • 2D LCD
  • 5.5 in (140 mm)
  • 1280 × 720 px
Approximately 16.77 million colors334Approximately 16.77 million colorsApproximately 16.77 million colors
5 brightness levels0-100% brightness levels0-100% brightness levels
Autostereoscopy (3D)Yes Yes, with 'Super Stable 3D' technologyNoYes (New 3DS, New 3DS XL only)No (New 2DS XL only)NoNo
CPUDual-core ARM11 MPCore335 & Dual-core VFP Co-Processor336Quad-core ARM11 MPCore337 & Quad-core VFP Co-Processor338Quad-core ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore339340Quad-core Cortex-A57 + quad-core Cortex-A53 @ 1.02 GHz
GPUDigital Media Professionals PICA200PowerVR SGX543MP4+341Nvidia GM20B Maxwell-based GPU
RAM128 MB FCRAM, 6 MB VRAM256 MB FCRAM, 10 MB VRAM512 MB RAM, 128 MB VRAM3424 GB LPDDR4
CameraOne front-facing and a set of two rear-facing 3D 0.3 MP (VGA) camera sensorsFront and rear 0.3 MP (VGA) camera sensors343—
Audio
  • Stereo speakers (2) (with pseudo-surround support)
  • Mono speaker (1) (2DS only)
  • Headphone jack
  • Stereo speakers (2)
  • Headphone jack
  • Stereo speakers (2)
  • Headphone jack
Storage1 GB internal flash memory1 GB internal flash memory (PCH-2000 only)32 GB eMMC
Supports up to 32 GB SD/SDHC cardsSupports up to 32 GB microSD/microSDHC cardsSupports 4 GB, 8 GB, 16 GB, 32 GB and 64 GB proprietary removable memory cardsSupports up to 2 TB microSD/HC/XC cards
2 GB SD card included (3DS only)4 GB SDHC card included (3DS XL)4 GB SDHC card included4 GB microSDHC card includedNo external storage includedNo external storage included
MediaNintendo 3DS Game Card (1–8 GB) / Nintendo DS Game Card (8–512 MB)Digital distributionPlayStation Vita Game Card (2–4 GB)Digital distributionNintendo Switch Game Card
User interface
  • Circle Pad (2× with add-on (3DS/3DS XL only))
  • D-pad
  • Autostereoscopic (3D) 15:9(5:3) screen (top screen) (2DS displays 2D only)
  • Resistive 4:3 touchscreen (bottom screen)
  • 3-axis accelerometer and 3-axis gyroscope344
  • Volume slider
  • 3D depth slider (Not available on 2DS)
  • Front 2D camera and rear 3D camera sensors
  • Microphone
  • Wireless communications switch (3DS/3DS XL only)
  • SLEEP switch (2DS only)
  • 12 × buttons(X, Y, A, B, L, R (ZL and ZR with add-on(3DS/3DS XL only)), START, SELECT, HOME, POWER)
Battery
  • Nintendo 3DS: 1300 mAh lithium-ion battery
    • 3DS Mode: 3–5 hours
    • DS Mode: 5–8 hours
  • Nintendo 3DS XL: 1750 mAh lithium-ion battery
    • 3DS Mode: 3.5–6.5 hours
    • DS Mode: 6–10 hours
  • 1300 mAh lithium-ion battery355
    • 3DS Mode: 3.5–5.5 hours
    • DS Mode: 6–9 hours
  • New Nintendo 3DS: 1400 mAh lithium-ion battery
    • 3DS Mode: 3.5–6 hours
    • DS Mode: 6.5-10.5 hours
  • New Nintendo 3DS XL: 1750 mAh lithium-ion battery
    • 3DS Mode: 3.5–7 hours
    • DS Mode: 7–12 hours
  • New Nintendo 2DS XL: 1300 mAh lithium-ion battery
    • 3DS Mode: 3.5–5.5 hours
    • DS Mode: 6–9 hours
  • PCH-1000: 2200 mAh lithium-ion battery
    • Gameplay: 3–5 hours
    • Video playback: 5 hours
    • Music: 9 hours356
  • PCH-2000: 2210 mAh lithium-ion battery
    • Gameplay: 4–6 hours
    • Video playback: 6 hours
    • Music: 10 hours
3570 mAh lithium-ion battery3–7 hours
Determined by screen brightness, Wi-Fi, sound volume, and whether 3D is active (3DS models only)Determined by screen brightness, Wi-Fi, sound volume, and whether 3G is active (3G model only)Determined by screen brightness, Wi-Fi, and sound volume
Connectivity
  • Integrated 802.11 b/g Wi-Fi
  • IR port
  • NFC for Amiibo support (only on New 3DS/3DS XL; older 3DS series need to use a 3DS NFC reader accessory)
  • Integrated 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi (PCH-1000 model only)
  • Integrated 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi (PCH-2000 model only)
  • 3G (3G model only)
  • Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR
Console ConnectionWii / Wii UPlayStation 3 / PlayStation 4—
Stylus3DS: Extendable up to 100 mm (3.9 in) long3DS XL: 96 mm (3.8 in) long96 mm (3.8 in) longNew 3DS: 76.5 mm (3.01 in) longNew 3DS XL/New 2DS XL: 86 mm (3.4 in) long——
Weight3DS: 235 g (8.3 oz)3DS XL: 336 g (11.9 oz)260 g (9.2 oz)New 3DS: 253 g (8.9 oz)New 3DS XL: 329 g (11.6 oz)New 2DS XL: 260 g (9.2 oz)Wi-Fi: 260 g (9.2 oz)Wi-Fi+3G: 279 g (9.8 oz)PCH-2000: 219 g (7.7 oz)280 g (9.9 oz)
Dimensions
  • 3DS:
    • Width: 134 mm (5.3 in)
    • Depth: 74 mm (2.9 in)
    • Height: 21 mm (0.83 in)
  • 3DS XL:
    • Width: 156 mm (6.1 in)
    • Depth: 93 mm (3.7 in)
    • Height: 22 mm (0.87 in)
  • Width: 144 mm (5.7 in)
  • Depth: 127 mm (5.0 in)
  • Height: 20.3 mm (0.80 in)
  • New 3DS:
    • Width: 156 mm (6.1 in)
    • Depth: 93 mm (3.7 in)
    • Height: 22 mm (0.87 in)
  • New 3DS XL/New 2DS XL:
    • Width: 160 mm (6.3 in)
    • Depth: 93.5 mm (3.68 in)
    • Height: 21.5 mm (0.85 in)
  • PCH-1000:
    • Width: 182 mm (7.2 in)
    • Depth: 83.6 mm (3.29 in)
    • Height: 18.6 mm (0.73 in)357
  • PCH-2000:
    • Width: 183.6 mm (7.23 in)
    • Depth: 85.1 mm (3.35 in)
    • Height: 15 mm (0.59 in)358
  • Width: 208 mm (8.2 in)
  • Depth: 91 mm (3.6 in)
  • Height: 14 mm (0.55 in)
Online servicesNintendo NetworkSony Entertainment NetworkNintendo Switch Online
Full game download/installation and automatic updates in the background via SpotPassFull game download/installation in the backgroundFull game download/installation and automatic updates in the background
FreeFreePaid Nintendo Switch Online subscription required for online multiplayer, except for free-to-play titles359
Preloaded applications

Applications

Multitasking Applications

  • Welcome Park
  • near
  • Photos
  • Music
  • Videos
  • PlayStation Store
  • Trophies
  • Friends
  • Party
  • Group Messaging
  • Notifications
  • Internet Browser
  • Email
  • Maps
  • Content Manager
  • Remote Play
  • Cross-Controller
  • Settings
Nintendo eShop
List of gamesList of Nintendo 3DS gamesList of PlayStation Vita gamesList of Nintendo Switch gamesCan only play games that support handheld mode
System softwareNintendo 3DS system softwarePlayStation Vita system softwareNintendo Switch system software

Other handhelds

See also

  • 2010s portal
  • Video games portal

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  130. The quad-core ARM Cortex-A57 cluster has a total of 320 kB of L1 cache, distributed by 80 kB per each core (48 kB for instructions and 32 kB for data). The quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 cluster has a total of 256 kB of L1 cache, distributed by 64 kB per each core (32 kB for instructions and 32 kB for data). /wiki/ARM_Cortex-A57 ↩

  131. 64 kB per core (32 kB for instructions and 32 kB for data). ↩

  132. 64 kB per core (32 kB for instructions and 32 kB for data). ↩

  133. Cores 0 and 2 have 512 kB of L2 cache each, while core 1 has 2 MB. /wiki/L2_cache ↩

  134. The quad-core ARM Cortex-A57 cluster has 2 MB of shared L2 cache. The quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 cluster has 512 kB of shared L2 cache. /wiki/ARM_Cortex-A57 ↩

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