July 15

<h2 id="events">Events</h2>
<h3>Pre-1600</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/484_BC/wdrQgbKB">484 BC</a> – Dedication of the <a href="/facts/Temple_of_Castor_and_Pollux/Fd5DS9U2">Temple of Castor and Pollux</a> in <a href="/facts/Ancient_Rome/cGqIuxPd">ancient Rome</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/AD_70/qbYAy3dz">70</a> – <a href="/facts/First_Jewish%25E2%2580%2593Roman_War/LYYK2SPh">First Jewish–Roman War</a>: <a href="/facts/Titus/0ILs5etG">Titus</a> and his armies <a href="/facts/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(AD_70)/vKDgJMBp">breach the walls of Jerusalem</a>. (<a href="/facts/17th_of_Tammuz/9vUuzuFp">17th of Tammuz</a> in the Hebrew calendar).</li>
<li><a href="/facts/756/f0nT6SRM">756</a> – <a href="/facts/An_Lushan_Rebellion/3XqeXt78">An Lushan Rebellion</a>: <a href="/facts/Emperor_Xuanzong_of_Tang/GpMBsp2H">Emperor Xuanzong of Tang</a> is ordered by his <a href="/facts/Imperial_Guards_(Tang_dynasty)/2fV9G45c">Imperial Guards</a> to execute chancellor <a href="/facts/Yang_Guozhong/MfcJfCcE">Yang Guozhong</a> by forcing him to commit suicide or face a mutiny. General <a href="/facts/An_Lushan/Qc6zmNnz">An Lushan</a> has other members of the emperor's family killed.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1099/vjLt2VgR">1099</a> – <a href="/facts/First_Crusade/aaQJ761j">First Crusade</a>: Christian soldiers take the <a href="/facts/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre/ffdbFYF4">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a> in <a href="/facts/Jerusalem/PKJ8LT0Y">Jerusalem</a> after the final assault of <a href="/facts/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1099)/Ew5wwIaT">a difficult siege</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1149/7QwL533H">1149</a> – The reconstructed <a href="/facts/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre/ffdbFYF4">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a> is consecrated in <a href="/facts/Jerusalem/PKJ8LT0Y">Jerusalem</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1207/rYaD3Ilb">1207</a> – King <a href="/facts/John%2c_King_of_England/rbK8e7mP">John of England</a> expels <a href="/facts/Canterbury/97yEjuGk">Canterbury</a> monks for supporting <a href="/facts/Archbishop_of_Canterbury/x3H2z6bI">Archbishop</a> <a href="/facts/Stephen_Langton/dv4oxH4J">Stephen Langton</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1240/ETkwucbR">1240</a> – <a href="/facts/Swedish%25E2%2580%2593Novgorodian_Wars/DIusUBMt">Swedish–Novgorodian Wars</a>: A <a href="/facts/Veliky_Novgorod/uWDymtF7">Novgorodian</a> army led by <a href="/facts/Alexander_Nevsky/exvcSESj">Alexander Nevsky</a> defeats the <a href="/facts/Sweden/u3qC7lyj">Swedes</a> in the <a href="/facts/Battle_of_the_Neva/juztjKlB">Battle of the Neva</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1381/Th2fcus7">1381</a> – <a href="/facts/John_Ball_(priest)/88vmhNuz">John Ball</a>, a leader in the <a href="/facts/Peasants%2527_Revolt/LygDBLHR">Peasants' Revolt</a>, is <a href="/facts/Hanged%2c_drawn_and_quartered/zYgsNN17">hanged, drawn and quartered</a> in the presence of King <a href="/facts/Richard_II_of_England/SEdNjV5U">Richard II of England</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1410/IdaSYYmA">1410</a> – <a href="/facts/Polish%25E2%2580%2593Lithuanian%25E2%2580%2593Teutonic_War/e7CL2dzd">Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War</a>: <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Grunwald/LWAoDN0W">Battle of Grunwald</a>: The allied forces of the <a href="/facts/History_of_Poland_during_the_Jagiellonian_dynasty/Wv65mf1z">Kingdom of Poland</a> and the <a href="/facts/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania/9czbKcfs">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a> defeat the army of the <a href="/facts/Teutonic_Knights/tY5415Ac">Teutonic Order</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1482/jRQ1exEV">1482</a> – <a href="/facts/Muhammad_XII_of_Granada/TTtFfzyM">Muhammad XII</a> is crowned the twenty-second and last <a href="/facts/Nasrid_dynasty/aV8n4BBk">Nasrid</a> king of <a href="/facts/Emirate_of_Granada/IRy0rIpY">Granada</a>.</li></ul>
<h3>1601–1900</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/1640/aDj0dRLH">1640</a> – The first university of Finland, the <a href="/facts/Royal_Academy_of_Turku/JlbwyAp4">Royal Academy of Turku</a>, is inaugurated in <a href="/facts/Turku/Jcj8uWPY">Turku</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1">1</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1738/7b6oBAEU">1738</a> – Baruch Laibov and Alexander Voznitzin are burned alive in <a href="/facts/St._Petersburg/pNuCBxaM">St. Petersburg</a>, Russia. Vonitzin had converted to Judaism with Laibov's help, with the consent of <a href="/facts/Emperor_of_All_Russia/IKwkRYnQ">Empress</a> <a href="/facts/Anna_of_Russia/Sk9xhHBM">Anna Ivanovna</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1741/FCajlXJh">1741</a> – <a href="/facts/Aleksei_Chirikov/7CnqXyHb">Aleksei Chirikov</a> sights land in <a href="/facts/Southeast_Alaska/RDR8nnur">Southeast Alaska</a>. He sends men ashore in a longboat, making them the first Europeans to visit <a href="/facts/Alaska/LlDNr2uR">Alaska</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1789/q2vGJ9n1">1789</a> – <a href="/facts/French_Revolution/PIkDlrC0">French Revolution</a>: <a href="/facts/Gilbert_du_Motier%2c_Marquis_de_Lafayette/0UF6rWLI">Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette</a>, is named by acclamation <a href="/facts/Colonel_General/kCSDFqdI">Colonel General</a> of the new <a href="/facts/National_Guard_(France)/kAkym4lW">National Guard</a> of Paris.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1799/cHlk6GYJ">1799</a> – The <a href="/facts/Rosetta_Stone/8JLFP1NN">Rosetta Stone</a> is found in the <a href="/facts/Egypt/8Ttg0JwB">Egyptian</a> village of <a href="/facts/Rosetta/cIgLJ9QI">Rosetta</a> by French <a href="/facts/Captain_(armed_forces)/cqlntj0j">Captain</a> <a href="/facts/Pierre-Fran%25C3%25A7ois_Bouchard/erKmT68N">Pierre-François Bouchard</a> during <a href="/facts/Napoleon/8TKBIjPM">Napoleon</a>'s <a href="/facts/French_campaign_in_Egypt_and_Syria/eHgDYmmA">Egyptian Campaign</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1806/gBqJvrdt">1806</a> – <a href="/facts/Pike_Expedition/HjzjN7g7">Pike Expedition</a>: <a href="/facts/United_States_Army/WACWBEK9">United States Army</a> <a href="/facts/Lieutenant/G9BbvD6s">Lieutenant</a> <a href="/facts/Zebulon_Pike/2Bv5xyV6">Zebulon Pike</a> begins an expedition from <a href="/facts/Fort_Bellefontaine/klwcn2ta">Fort Bellefontaine</a> near <a href="/facts/St._Louis%2c_Missouri/22beLecX">St. Louis, Missouri</a>, to explore the west.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1815/LmeyEgj4">1815</a> – <a href="/facts/Napoleonic_Wars/jo0MdaTD">Napoleonic Wars</a>: <a href="/facts/Napoleon_Bonaparte/8TKBIjPM">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> surrenders aboard <a href="/facts/HMS_Bellerophon_(1786)/bLN0eFea">HMS Bellerophon</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1823/jrk4eX9n">1823</a> – A fire destroys the ancient <a href="/facts/Basilica_of_Saint_Paul_Outside_the_Walls/0eNr0xvW">Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls</a> in Rome, Italy.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1834/zTS0oaSP">1834</a> – The <a href="/facts/Spanish_Inquisition/gwfpY6du">Spanish Inquisition</a> is officially disbanded after nearly 356 years.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1838/eNceSVoF">1838</a> – <a href="/facts/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson/PmnMgwd5">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a> delivers the <a href="/facts/Divinity_School_Address/aB9TDJ81">Divinity School Address</a> at <a href="/facts/Harvard_Divinity_School/QHuurL2h">Harvard Divinity School</a>, discounting <a href="/facts/Biblical_miracles/d9olwRsq">Biblical miracles</a> and declaring <a href="/facts/Jesus/Hcd9hEzI">Jesus</a> a great man, but not God. The <a href="/facts/Protestantism_in_the_United_States/JmuFsxco">Protestant</a> community reacts with outrage.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1849/hRfIfMEN">1849</a> – The first <a href="/facts/Airstrike/FehKpSt5">air raid</a> in history occurs; Austria launches pilotless balloons against the city of <a href="/facts/Venice/Xzc2uVDg">Venice</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1862/wLde0GHd">1862</a> – <a href="/facts/American_Civil_War/A9FT3ksD">American Civil War</a>: The <a href="/facts/CSS_Arkansas/6N5oVgxT">CSS Arkansas</a>, the most effective <a href="/facts/Ironclad_warship/woAQJfj3">ironclad</a> on the <a href="/facts/Mississippi_River/RduarPzj">Mississippi River</a>, battles with <a href="/facts/Union_Navy/UWIA0LrU">Union Navy</a> ships commanded by Admiral <a href="/facts/David_Farragut/wDAJzSxJ">David Farragut</a>, severely damaging three ships and sustaining heavy damage herself.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1870/gpkRncsy">1870</a> – <a href="/facts/Reconstruction_Era_of_the_United_States/W6lgbxvn">Reconstruction Era of the United States</a>: <a href="/facts/Georgia_(U.S._state)/KKnTDY6F">Georgia</a> becomes the last of the former <a href="/facts/Confederate_States_of_America/jMSDM4q3">Confederate</a> states to be readmitted to the <a href="/facts/Union_(American_Civil_War)/KW6wJt7J">Union</a>.</li>
<li>1870 – <a href="/facts/Canadian_Confederation/1tC7aAD2">Canadian Confederation</a>: <a href="/facts/Rupert%2527s_Land/sBE9oCHt">Rupert's Land</a> and the <a href="/facts/North-Western_Territory/MaghnGPP">North-Western Territory</a> are transferred to Canada from the <a href="/facts/Hudson%2527s_Bay_Company/XARD4Iky">Hudson's Bay Company</a>, and the province of <a href="/facts/Manitoba/QuCdIDYB">Manitoba</a> and the <a href="/facts/Northwest_Territories/au0ajf7T">Northwest Territories</a> are established from these vast territories.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1888/DC27pmN2">1888</a> – The <a href="/facts/Stratovolcano/7xW98Mye">stratovolcano</a> <a href="/facts/Mount_Bandai/76H2s6oA">Mount Bandai</a> <a href="/facts/1888_eruption_of_Mount_Bandai/uQdf6sgb">erupts</a>, killing approximately 500 people in <a href="/facts/Fukushima_Prefecture/a72kC69v">Fukushima Prefecture</a>, Japan.</li></ul>
<h3>1901–present</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/1910/Kovl3GRp">1910</a> – In his book Clinical Psychiatry, <a href="/facts/Emil_Kraepelin/tlEHWQUb">Emil Kraepelin</a> gives a name to <a href="/facts/Alzheimer%2527s_disease/w7Ad6tdg">Alzheimer's disease</a>, naming it after his colleague <a href="/facts/Alois_Alzheimer/aEvPecpe">Alois Alzheimer</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1916/Vfq2LjJ1">1916</a> – In <a href="/facts/Seattle/7lYIrCa6">Seattle, Washington</a>, <a href="/facts/William_Boeing/n7rCIHce">William Boeing</a> and <a href="/facts/George_Conrad_Westervelt/mRwL0FpR">George Conrad Westervelt</a> incorporate Pacific Aero Products (later renamed <a href="/facts/Boeing/tF5sMe9F">Boeing</a>).</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1918/eIGlxNIx">1918</a> – <a href="/facts/World_War_I/vITTUanQ">World War I</a>: The <a href="/facts/Second_Battle_of_the_Marne/JGLuPdIg">Second Battle of the Marne</a> begins near the <a href="/facts/Marne_(river)/dY4ldBTv">River Marne</a> with a German attack.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1920/cMv9MvzA">1920</a> – <a href="/facts/Aftermath_of_World_War_I/47nhUht5">Aftermath of World War I</a>: The <a href="/facts/Parliament_of_Poland/lad3H0kk">Parliament of Poland</a> establishes <a href="/facts/Silesian_Voivodeship_(1920%25E2%2580%259339)/4JV27JUL">Silesian Voivodeship</a> before the <a href="/facts/Upper_Silesia_plebiscite/52E7L6tm">Polish-German plebiscite</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1922/AFrJQ34X">1922</a> – The <a href="/facts/Japanese_Communist_Party/6xcqchzP">Japanese Communist Party</a> is established in Japan.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1927/jcoYnDtY">1927</a> – <a href="/facts/July_Revolt_of_1927/ThjBKEAv">Massacre of July 15, 1927</a>: Eighty-nine protesters are killed by Austrian police in <a href="/facts/Vienna/NSpIURsA">Vienna</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1941/MxJwh6rk">1941</a> – <a href="/facts/The_Holocaust/vGQsAb2y">The Holocaust</a>: <a href="/facts/Nazi_Germany/8kRbqRpo">Nazi Germany</a> begins the deportation of 100,000 Jews from the <a href="/facts/Netherlands_in_World_War_II/QshEBnb7">occupied Netherlands</a> to <a href="/facts/Extermination_camp/v9VjaFP8">extermination camps</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1946/BnTf4qUs">1946</a> – The <a href="/facts/North_Borneo/FYRcV6Ls">State of North Borneo</a>, now <a href="/facts/Sabah/bfYrmM2J">Sabah</a>, <a href="/facts/Malaysia/8zbUMzCP">Malaysia</a>, is annexed by the <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2">United Kingdom</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1954/qggMYsgW">1954</a> – The <a href="/facts/Boeing_367-80/w7sDA6E2">Boeing 367-80</a>, the prototype for both the <a href="/facts/Boeing_707/8TgSYe3M">Boeing 707</a> and <a href="/facts/Boeing_C-135_Stratolifter/cCYRxNMq">C-135</a> series, takes its first flight.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1955/UeUsbRq8">1955</a> – Eighteen <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize/3z1Y3oFL">Nobel laureates</a> sign the <a href="/facts/Mainau_Declaration/Ch0NAx26">Mainau Declaration</a> against <a href="/facts/Nuclear_weapon/QVdBcMdm">nuclear weapons</a>, later co-signed by thirty-four others.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1966/6ET4QfEl">1966</a> – <a href="/facts/Vietnam_War/W0gfbGTE">Vietnam War</a>: The United States and South Vietnam begin <a href="/facts/Operation_Hastings/pvLIbQuu">Operation Hastings</a> to push the North Vietnamese out of the <a href="/facts/Vietnamese_Demilitarized_Zone/94o44nYb">Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1971/436B8JtH">1971</a> – The <a href="/facts/United_Red_Army/mxV2Y0kx">United Red Army</a> is founded in Japan.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1974/yb8hxjWJ">1974</a> – In <a href="/facts/Nicosia/fMQCEtDL">Nicosia</a>, <a href="/facts/Cyprus/t9wL6lVK">Cyprus</a>, <a href="/facts/Greek_military_junta_of_1967%25E2%2580%259374/D2k6NdlV">Greek junta</a>-sponsored nationalists launch a <a href="/facts/Coup_d%2527%25C3%25A9tat/eUK9HBw7">coup d'état</a>, deposing President <a href="/facts/Makarios_III/NaEa9qRm">Makarios</a> and installing <a href="/facts/Nikos_Sampson/Cxlgeo2I">Nikos Sampson</a> as <a href="/facts/Cyprus/t9wL6lVK">Cypriot</a> <a href="/facts/President_(government_title)/2GoI0KIe">president</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1975/VYMnwoeF">1975</a> – <a href="/facts/Space_Race/9fPV4LUq">Space Race</a>: <a href="/facts/Apollo%25E2%2580%2593Soyuz_Test_Project/PzMemSeQ">Apollo–Soyuz Test Project</a> features the dual launch of an <a href="/facts/Apollo_program/IC1Ek1Ao">Apollo spacecraft</a> and a <a href="/facts/Soyuz_(spacecraft)/meooRg7U">Soyuz spacecraft</a> on the first Soviet-United States human-crewed flight. It was the last launch of both an Apollo spacecraft, and the <a href="/facts/Saturn_(rocket_family)/IzWRe4GJ">Saturn family of rockets</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1979/V4o6YhYF">1979</a> – U.S. <a href="/facts/President_of_the_United_States/oMsfmLb1">President</a> <a href="/facts/Jimmy_Carter/Rr4UyAVX">Jimmy Carter</a> gives his "<a href="/facts/Malaise_speech/1qnkgxGJ">malaise speech</a>".</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1983/Hh9D0QTA">1983</a> – An <a href="/facts/1983_Orly_Airport_attack/R1CtPgly">attack</a> at <a href="/facts/Orly_Airport/CaC9PUgJ">Orly Airport</a> in <a href="/facts/Paris/DrNHpwnA">Paris</a> is launched by <a href="/facts/Armenia/t3GQx9sU">Armenian</a> militant organisation <a href="/facts/Armenian_Secret_Army_for_the_Liberation_of_Armenia/Gw82BTqx">ASALA</a>, leaving eight people dead and 55 injured.</li>
<li>1983 – Nintendo released the <a href="/facts/Nintendo_Entertainment_System/YD59GCQQ">Famicom</a> in Japan.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1996/qrQNaXmK">1996</a> – A <a href="/facts/Belgian_Air_Component/ktfQq6e1">Belgian Air Force</a> <a href="/facts/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules/EVzoWXp9">C-130 Hercules</a> carrying the <a href="/facts/Royal_Netherlands_Army/LvDfBrdb">Royal Netherlands Army</a> marching band <a href="/facts/1996_Belgian_Air_Force_Hercules_accident/kJc4X6Pj">crashes</a> on landing at <a href="/facts/Eindhoven_Airport/Rc8KbpNs">Eindhoven Airport</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1998/m0E92lbX">1998</a> – <a href="/facts/Sri_Lankan_civil_war/YyVryK1a">Sri Lankan Civil War</a>: Sri Lankan Tamil MP <a href="/facts/S._Shanmuganathan_(Sri_Lankan_politician)/V5qRj8Iz">S. Shanmuganathan</a> is killed by a <a href="/facts/Claymore_mine/w0Qwa3s0">claymore mine</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2002/8anKm4m1">2002</a> – "American <a href="/facts/Taliban/VJC0WJlq">Taliban</a>" <a href="/facts/John_Walker_Lindh/lMewRoP8">John Walker Lindh</a> pleads guilty to supplying aid to the enemy and possession of explosives during the commission of a <a href="/facts/Felony/9oh7MoaI">felony</a>.</li>
<li>2002 – The <a href="/facts/Anti_Terrorism_Court_of_Pakistan/ACFWY2Tf">Anti-Terrorism Court</a> of <a href="/facts/Pakistan/cbIsvJy1">Pakistan</a> sentences British born <a href="/facts/Ahmed_Omar_Saeed_Sheikh/c4FuI3K8">Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh</a> to death, and three others suspected of murdering <a href="/facts/The_Wall_Street_Journal/9Pkf2cYK">The Wall Street Journal</a> reporter <a href="/facts/Daniel_Pearl/KuKkFF0j">Daniel Pearl</a> to life.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2003/jR4SwKlP">2003</a> – <a href="/facts/Time_Warner/MvXvu3lU">AOL Time Warner</a> disbands <a href="/facts/Netscape/JGWlEUI7">Netscape</a>. The <a href="/facts/Mozilla_Foundation/Y1xYJsDm">Mozilla Foundation</a> is established on the same day.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2006/3BeSooyh">2006</a> – <a href="/facts/Twitter/VWwDNGUm">Twitter</a>, later one of the largest <a href="/facts/Social_media/kUIkfpIA">social media</a> platforms in the world, is launched.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2009/yEThXjmg">2009</a> – <a href="/facts/Caspian_Airlines_Flight_7908/lBCsrblD">Caspian Airlines Flight 7908</a> crashes near <a href="/facts/Jannatabad%2c_Qazvin/HMkvgwtL">Jannatabad, Qazvin</a>, Iran, killing 168.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a></li>
<li>2009 – <a href="/facts/Space_Shuttle_program/6Ikdvwsw">Space Shuttle program</a>: <a href="/facts/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour/fcX8nN5Q">Endeavour</a> is launched on <a href="/facts/STS-127/ssqLUylg">STS-127</a> to complete assembly of the <a href="/facts/International_Space_Station/VNPUBz9m">International Space Station</a>'s <a href="/facts/Kib%25C5%258D_(ISS_module)/mhbSDHWF">Kibō module</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/2012/XEX1VQNP">2012</a> – South Korean rapper <a href="/facts/Psy/37jkdoMv">Psy</a> releases his hit single <a href="/facts/Gangnam_Style/m4MNVIaY">Gangnam Style</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/2014/dJ82Jq47">2014</a> – A <a href="/facts/2014_Moscow_Metro_derailment/E86X8jnq">train derails</a> on the <a href="/facts/Moscow_Metro/9HzRtAmo">Moscow Metro</a>, killing at least 24 and injuring more than 160 others.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2016/VTotH5cp">2016</a> – Factions of the <a href="/facts/Turkish_Armed_Forces/29nIWTEB">Turkish Armed Forces</a> attempt <a href="/facts/2016_Turkish_coup_d%2527%25C3%25A9tat_attempt/NPnuICWr">a coup</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/2018/dkwRKqoo">2018</a> – <a href="/facts/France_national_football_team/sFSXkum8">France</a> win their second <a href="/facts/FIFA_World_Cup/pGI0SF7r">World Cup</a> title, defeating <a href="/facts/Croatia_national_football_team/tdxQlPSD">Croatia</a> <a href="/facts/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_final/YGTowkYK">4–2</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="births">Births</h2>
<h3>Pre-1600</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/980/arzHbchk">980</a> – <a href="/facts/Emperor_Ichij%25C5%258D/8oRb2H6Y">Ichijō</a>, Japanese emperor (d. 1011)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1273/0t3NknQl">1273</a> – <a href="/facts/Ewostatewos/PvzrRd2m">Ewostatewos</a>, Ethiopian monk and saint (d. 1352)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1353/IPz1w8Wc">1353</a> – <a href="/facts/Vladimir_the_Bold/zWStgJfK">Vladimir the Bold</a>, Russian prince (d. 1410)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1359/TzH8F9n5">1359</a> – <a href="/facts/Antonio_Correr_(cardinal)/dryKfmgo">Antonio Correr</a>, Italian cardinal (d. 1445)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1442/jAAMexhI">1442</a> – <a href="/facts/Bo%25C4%258Dek_IV_of_Pod%25C4%259Bbrady/ww3ECTLG">Boček IV of Poděbrady</a>, Bohemian nobleman (d. 1496)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1455/ItectDJK">1455</a> – <a href="/facts/Deposed_Queen_Lady_Yun/37VgqnVN">Queen Yun</a>, Korean queen (d. 1482)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1471/KvTjlTFP">1471</a> – <a href="/facts/Eskender/algnlA0I">Eskender</a>, Ethiopian emperor (d. 1494)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1478/5upe2CeB">1478</a> – <a href="/facts/Barbara_Jagiellon/JQ1uN9S2">Barbara Jagiellon</a>, duchess consort of Saxony and Margravine consort of Meissen (d. 1534)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1573/NKowmIfP">1573</a> – <a href="/facts/Inigo_Jones/Yc5NeAgy">Inigo Jones</a>, English architect, designed the <a href="/facts/Queen%2527s_House/U2S7XP8P">Queen's House</a> (d. 1652)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1600/WX1boWVF">1600</a> – <a href="/facts/Jan_Cossiers/3esCAKHw">Jan Cossiers</a>, Flemish painter (d. 1671)</li></ul>
<h3>1601–1900</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/1606/6LNTzvzL">1606</a> – <a href="/facts/Rembrandt/LPDxP9XQ">Rembrandt</a>, Dutch painter and etcher (d. 1669)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1611/Uj2tgMnn">1611</a> – <a href="/facts/Jai_Singh_I/bgzjzWRK">Jai Singh I</a>, maharaja of Jaipur (d. 1667)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1613/6WraSPfA">1613</a> – <a href="/facts/Gu_Yanwu/XoW6yRtd">Gu Yanwu</a>, Chinese philologist and geographer (d. 1682)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1631/QYdW8sum">1631</a> – <a href="/facts/Jens_Juel_(diplomat)/g6mh6goz">Jens Juel</a>, Danish politician and diplomat, <a href="/facts/Governor-general_of_Norway/BtcdAsNH">Governor-general of Norway</a> (d. 1700)</li>
<li>1631 – <a href="/facts/Richard_Cumberland_(philosopher)/UH7mY9t6">Richard Cumberland</a>, English philosopher (d. 1718)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1638/fXsp4t5g">1638</a> – <a href="/facts/Giovanni_Buonaventura_Viviani/S6Sc2hVq">Giovanni Buonaventura Viviani</a>, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1693)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1704/V0v8tg47">1704</a> – <a href="/facts/August_Gottlieb_Spangenberg/QVkpdgfL">August Gottlieb Spangenberg</a>, German bishop and theologian (d. 1792)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1779/L8BSeXP4">1779</a> – <a href="/facts/Clement_Clarke_Moore/3ukGcbUy">Clement Clarke Moore</a>, American author, poet, and educator (d. 1863)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1793/v9REpvF8">1793</a> – <a href="/facts/Almira_Hart_Lincoln_Phelps/1SMccPdM">Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps</a>, American educator, author, editor (d. 1884)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1796/xe4bVvGg">1796</a> – <a href="/facts/Thomas_Bulfinch/8F3cjS5M">Thomas Bulfinch</a>, American mythologist (d. 1867)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1799/cHlk6GYJ">1799</a> – <a href="/facts/Reuben_Chapman/K5BtB2k7">Reuben Chapman</a>, American lawyer and politician, 13th <a href="/facts/Governor_of_Alabama/h8Wn3AGF">Governor of Alabama</a> (d. 1882)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1800/G5Il6fwc">1800</a> – <a href="/facts/Sidney_Breese/BzwGzFIu">Sidney Breese</a>, American jurist and politician (d. 1878)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1808/hsoKVjT6">1808</a> – <a href="/facts/Henry_Edward_Manning/ToqTdUax">Henry Edward Manning</a>, English cardinal (d. 1892)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1812/XISCd2Wu">1812</a> – <a href="/facts/James_Hope-Scott/6YCGM72F">James Hope-Scott</a>, English lawyer and academic (d. 1873)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1817/0Qb5vfNS">1817</a> – <a href="/facts/Sir_John_Fowler%2c_1st_Baronet/GlDEUkBK">Sir John Fowler, 1st Baronet</a>, English engineer, designed the <a href="/facts/Forth_Bridge/hLs6oej1">Forth Bridge</a> (d. 1898)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1827/3VPfpxnF">1827</a> – <a href="/facts/W._W._Thayer/IlPfUewd">W. W. Thayer</a> American lawyer and politician, 6th <a href="/facts/Governor_of_Oregon/cTfoSHMq">Governor of Oregon</a> (d. 1899)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1848/pdeR3EA3">1848</a> – <a href="/facts/Vilfredo_Pareto/LscX2R7z">Vilfredo Pareto</a>, Italian economist and sociologist (d. 1923)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1850/hCD3XDg7">1850</a> – <a href="/facts/Frances_Xavier_Cabrini/UKaoMjuD">Frances Xavier Cabrini</a>, Italian-American nun and saint (d. 1917)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1852/7rU2ebRt">1852</a> – <a href="/facts/Josef_Josephi/7tqtmlAU">Josef Josephi</a>, Polish-born singer and actor (d. 1920)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1858/aj3BJQlx">1858</a> – <a href="/facts/Emmeline_Pankhurst/oSlRPque">Emmeline Pankhurst</a>, English political activist and suffragist (d. 1928)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1864/xmYu2SP5">1864</a> – <a href="/facts/Marie_Tempest/aC2no3sS">Marie Tempest</a>, English actress and singer (d. 1942)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1865/mgwvLYKx">1865</a> – <a href="/facts/Alfred_Harmsworth%2c_1st_Viscount_Northcliffe/zlbM9JEt">Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe</a>, Anglo-Irish businessman and publisher, founded the <a href="/facts/Amalgamated_Press/2ofGBpf8">Amalgamated Press</a> (d. 1922)</li>
<li>1865 – <a href="/facts/Wilhelm_Wirtinger/mhRgJTLB">Wilhelm Wirtinger</a>, Austrian-German mathematician and theorist (d. 1945)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1867/6yA43tmb">1867</a> – <a href="/facts/Jean-Baptiste_Charcot/vIg7VWDN">Jean-Baptiste Charcot</a>, French physician and explorer (d. 1936)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1871/KH3eqnP3">1871</a> – <a href="/facts/Doppo_Kunikida/Fmu8VWKd">Doppo Kunikida</a>, Japanese journalist, author, and poet (d. 1908)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1880/QApjL1dG">1880</a> – <a href="/facts/Enrique_Mosca/Ym3a8KQe">Enrique Mosca</a>, Argentinian lawyer and politician (d. 1950)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1883/EwbmutJN">1883</a> – <a href="/facts/Denny_Barry/S7pku6HR">Denny Barry</a> <a href="/facts/Irish_republicanism/r260ddGy">Irish Republican</a> died during the <a href="/facts/1923_Irish_Hunger_Strikes/6XkSGrw2">1923 Irish Hunger Strikes</a> (d. 1923)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1887/42l31f6p">1887</a> – <a href="/facts/Wharton_Esherick/VGL5t3WY">Wharton Esherick</a>, American sculptor (d. 1970)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1892/t6ztGdnJ">1892</a> – <a href="/facts/Walter_Benjamin/8gBrnapA">Walter Benjamin</a>, German philosopher and critic (d. 1940)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1893/LudKjI1v">1893</a> – <a href="/facts/Enid_Bennett/0Rf3GkHb">Enid Bennett</a>, Australian-American actress (d. 1969)</li>
<li>1893 – <a href="/facts/Dick_Rauch/eDCuuBbe">Dick Rauch</a>, American football player and coach (d. 1970)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1894/4e9bljQh">1894</a> – <a href="/facts/Tadeusz_Sendzimir/l7RSnGQ6">Tadeusz Sendzimir</a>, Polish-American engineer (d. 1989)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1899/mrg9Bavy">1899</a> – <a href="/facts/Se%25C3%25A1n_Lemass/XdWD9Yln">Seán Lemass</a>, Irish soldier and politician, 4th <a href="/facts/Taoiseach/UQjrpjCn">Taoiseach of Ireland</a> (d. 1971)</li></ul>
<h3>1901–present</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/1902/MHb8RK0o">1902</a> – <a href="/facts/Jean_Rey_(politician)/VtGKRFyq">Jean Rey</a>, Belgian lawyer and politician, 2nd <a href="/facts/President_of_the_European_Commission/b6H0Yf26">President of the European Commission</a> (d. 1983)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1903/3EXlvpmh">1903</a> – <a href="/facts/Walter_D._Edmonds/khNRWhLQ">Walter D. Edmonds</a>, American journalist and author (d. 1998)</li>
<li>1903 – <a href="/facts/K._Kamaraj/9vLYLTx8">K. Kamaraj</a>, Indian journalist and politician (d. 1975)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1904/pYw7uoS4">1904</a> – <a href="/facts/Rudolf_Arnheim/Y0Bl7bkt">Rudolf Arnheim</a>, German-American psychologist and author (d. 2007)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1905/o7XdVa8l">1905</a> – <a href="/facts/Dorothy_Fields/yKP90hrA">Dorothy Fields</a>, American songwriter (d. 1974)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a></li>
<li>1905 – <a href="/facts/Anita_Farra/cw9EbB9P">Anita Farra</a>, Italian actress (d. 2008)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1906/dCqcXjCc">1906</a> – <a href="/facts/R._S._Mugali/8LnXKR5c">R. S. Mugali</a>, Indian poet and academic (d. 1993)</li>
<li>1906 – <a href="/facts/Rudolf_Uhlenhaut/tAGW7QLl">Rudolf Uhlenhaut</a>, English-German engineer (d. 1989)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1909/EYEK0tGS">1909</a> – <a href="/facts/Jean_Hamburger/2aBeuK8n">Jean Hamburger</a>, French physician and surgeon (d. 1992)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1911/f6cCDfr8">1911</a> – <a href="/facts/Edward_Shackleton%2c_Baron_Shackleton/emNTwMXg">Edward Shackleton, Baron Shackleton</a>, English geographer and politician, <a href="/facts/Secretary_of_State_for_Air/GJaLE7ft">Secretary of State for Air</a> (d. 1994)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1913/TJLNwLcE">1913</a> – <a href="/facts/Cowboy_Copas/vI030BfH">Cowboy Copas</a>, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1963)</li>
<li>1913 – <a href="/facts/Hammond_Innes/hKazprRa">Hammond Innes</a>, English journalist and author (d. 1998)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a></li>
<li>1913 – <a href="/facts/Abraham_Sutzkever/pKFY6DXt">Abraham Sutzkever</a>, Russian poet and author (d. 2010)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1914/VNGWH7j3">1914</a> – <a href="/facts/Birabongse_Bhanudej/CbvQTRn7">Birabongse Bhanudej</a>, Thai racing driver and sailor, member of the <a href="/facts/Chakri_dynasty/r49htdop">Thai royal family</a> (d. 1985)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a></li>
<li>1914 – <a href="/facts/Akhtar_Hameed_Khan/eysToMdJ">Akhtar Hameed Khan</a>, Pakistani economist, scholar, and activist (d. 1999)</li>
<li>1914 – <a href="/facts/Howard_Vernon/68ktQl9R">Howard Vernon</a>, Swiss-French actor (d. 1996)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1915/slMK9ba3">1915</a> – <a href="/facts/Albert_Ghiorso/jP5gHCwp">Albert Ghiorso</a>, American chemist and academic (d. 2010)</li>
<li>1915 – <a href="/facts/Kashmir_Singh_Katoch/BKpqBoP0">Kashmir Singh Katoch</a>, Indian army officer (d. 2007)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1916/Vfq2LjJ1">1916</a> – <a href="/facts/Sumner_Gerard/2YTNanB6">Sumner Gerard</a>, American politician and diplomat (d. 2005)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1917/f4XunIGQ">1917</a> – <a href="/facts/Robert_Conquest/A2Wp9abm">Robert Conquest</a>, English-American historian, poet, and academic (d. 2015)</li>
<li>1917 – <a href="/facts/Joan_Roberts/DVpkmpUq">Joan Roberts</a>, American actress and singer (d. 2012)</li>
<li>1917 – <a href="/facts/Nur_Muhammad_Taraki/pyzJUUj3">Nur Muhammad Taraki</a>, Afghan journalist and politician (d. 1979)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1918/eIGlxNIx">1918</a> – <a href="/facts/Bertram_Brockhouse/AJ9ALrYl">Bertram Brockhouse</a>, Canadian physicist and academic, <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics/o6w1nCbr">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. 2003)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a></li>
<li>1918 – <a href="/facts/Brenda_Milner/kmCMo6q1">Brenda Milner</a>, English-Canadian neuropsychologist and academic<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1919/5R5RKF5E">1919</a> – <a href="/facts/Fritz_Langanke/Dw10sbD8">Fritz Langanke</a>, German lieutenant (d. 2012)</li>
<li>1919 – <a href="/facts/Iris_Murdoch/E1rEuJ9f">Iris Murdoch</a>, Anglo-Irish British novelist and philosopher (d. 1999)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1921/7abkb6mF">1921</a> – <a href="/facts/Henri_Colpi/j7uMPKfQ">Henri Colpi</a>, Swiss-French director and screenwriter (d. 2006)</li>
<li>1921 – <a href="/facts/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield/l8AHMz81">Robert Bruce Merrifield</a>, American biochemist and academic, <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry/8Nb8Ajjy">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. 2006)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1922/AFrJQ34X">1922</a> – <a href="/facts/Leon_M._Lederman/3UT17nBB">Leon M. Lederman</a>, American physicist and mathematician, <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics/o6w1nCbr">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. 2018)</li>
<li>1922 – <a href="/facts/Jean-Pierre_Richard/ElWt0J56">Jean-Pierre Richard</a>, French writer (d. 2019)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1924/lArFYWHI">1924</a> – <a href="/facts/Jeremiah_Denton/TTCce9b4">Jeremiah Denton</a>, American admiral and politician (d. 2014)</li>
<li>1924 – <a href="/facts/Marianne_Bernadotte/NApK1N7I">Marianne Bernadotte</a>, Swedish actress and philanthropist</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1925/FKVmYRam">1925</a> – <a href="/facts/Philip_Carey/aAh4MBup">Philip Carey</a>, American actor (d. 2009)</li>
<li>1925 – <a href="/facts/Taylor_Hardwick/yHhg9FBj">Taylor Hardwick</a>, American architect, designed <a href="/facts/Haydon_Burns_Library/Jr4MdtnW">Haydon Burns Library</a> and <a href="/facts/Friendship_Fountain_Park/yggfa5Bg">Friendship Fountain Park</a> (d. 2014)</li>
<li>1925 – <a href="/facts/D._A._Pennebaker/KykjsjwN">D. A. Pennebaker</a>, American documentary filmmaker (d. 2019)</li>
<li>1925 – <a href="/facts/Evan_Hultman/VzHqmSAw">Evan Hultman</a>, American politician (d. 2025)</li>
<li>1925 – <a href="/facts/Antony_Carbone/Rux6Fcq9">Antony Carbone</a>, American actor (d. 2020)</li>
<li>1925 – <a href="/facts/Pandel_Savic/thznKC2r">Pandel Savic</a>, American football player (d. 2018)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1926/03cK1qtm">1926</a> – <a href="/facts/Driss_Chra%25C3%25AFbi/vazJ46BX">Driss Chraïbi</a>, Moroccan-French journalist and author (d. 2007)</li>
<li>1926 – <a href="/facts/Leopoldo_Galtieri/0SQGMx0P">Leopoldo Galtieri</a>, Argentinian general and politician, 44th <a href="/facts/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Argentina/rkcp4LXw">President of Argentina</a> (d. 2003)</li>
<li>1926 – <a href="/facts/Raymond_Gosling/cQIPq9DC">Raymond Gosling</a>, English physicist and academic (d. 2015)</li>
<li>1926 – <a href="/facts/Sir_John_Graham%2c_4th_Baronet/4kEl3Trw">Sir John Graham, 4th Baronet</a>, English diplomat (d. 2019)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1927/jcoYnDtY">1927</a> – <a href="/facts/Nan_Martin/jBTrs0ab">Nan Martin</a>, American actress (d. 2010)</li>
<li>1927 – <a href="/facts/Carmen_Zapata/LvHGbhwH">Carmen Zapata</a>, American actress (d. 2014)</li>
<li>1927 – <a href="/facts/H%25C3%25A5kon_Brusveen/FB46Tv2K">Håkon Brusveen</a>, Norwegian cross-country skier (d. 2021)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1928/GY8IzJk3">1928</a> – <a href="/facts/Carl_Woese/uzzVL0LR">Carl Woese</a>, American microbiologist and biophysicist (d. 2012)</li>
<li>1928 – <a href="/facts/Viramachaneni_Vimla_Devi/EcGn6dLY">Viramachaneni Vimla Devi</a>, Indian parliamentarian (d. 1967)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1929/CqjpW93q">1929</a> – <a href="/facts/Charles_Anthony_(tenor)/EeXBE2lp">Charles Anthony</a>, American tenor and actor (d. 2012)</li>
<li>1929 – <a href="/facts/Francis_Bebey/LjkmegIS">Francis Bebey</a>, Cameroonian-French guitarist (d. 2001)</li>
<li>1929 – <a href="/facts/Ian_Stewart_(racing_driver)/Y4ju3Vc1">Ian Stewart</a>, Scottish racing driver (d. 2017)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1930/CrbUfsAD">1930</a> – <a href="/facts/Jacques_Derrida/ln1TBjEn">Jacques Derrida</a>, Algerian-French philosopher and academic (d. 2004)</li>
<li>1930 – <a href="/facts/Richard_Garneau/9d1qfxTF">Richard Garneau</a>, Canadian journalist and sportscaster (d. 2013)</li>
<li>1930 – <a href="/facts/Stephen_Smale/vtMg3cAF">Stephen Smale</a>, American mathematician and computer scientist</li>
<li>1930 – <a href="/facts/Einosuke_Akiya/fcFU98w6">Einosuke Akiya</a>, Japanese Buddhist leader</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1931/JK9FEYxa">1931</a> – <a href="/facts/Clive_Cussler/ncHbmNuW">Clive Cussler</a>, American archaeologist and author (d. 2020)</li>
<li>1931 – <a href="/facts/Joanna_Merlin/vzJ4UpcB">Joanna Merlin</a>, American actress and casting director (d. 2023)</li>
<li>1931 – <a href="/facts/Jacques-Yvan_Morin/4GKcyR7h">Jacques-Yvan Morin</a>, Canadian lawyer and politician, <a href="/facts/Deputy_Premier_of_Quebec/KgUyQc3e">Deputy Premier of Quebec</a> (d. 2023)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1932/XlUMqV5p">1932</a> – <a href="/facts/Ed_Litzenberger/sacnLzjc">Ed Litzenberger</a>, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2010)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1933/2LFFswPa">1933</a> – <a href="/facts/Guido_Crepax/LvcAXEzR">Guido Crepax</a>, Italian author and illustrator (d. 2003)</li>
<li>1933 – <a href="/facts/M._T._Vasudevan_Nair/wbznWUUy">M. T. Vasudevan Nair</a>, Indian author and screenwriter (d. 2024)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1934/tayEAFpw">1934</a> – <a href="/facts/Harrison_Birtwistle/qRt1xQXH">Harrison Birtwistle</a>, English composer and academic (d. 2022)</li>
<li>1934 – <a href="/facts/Eva_Kr%25C3%25AD%25C5%25BEikov%25C3%25A1/CvIrpG5L">Eva Krížiková</a>, Czech actress (d. 2020)</li>
<li>1934 – <a href="/facts/Risto_Jarva/x4K3J05J">Risto Jarva</a>, Finnish director and producer (d. 1977)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1935/cgLN91AJ">1935</a> – <a href="/facts/Donn_Clendenon/11FXGf40">Donn Clendenon</a>, American baseball player and lawyer (d. 2005)</li>
<li>1935 – <a href="/facts/Alex_Karras/btGSX8Py">Alex Karras</a>, American football player, wrestler, and actor (d. 2012)</li>
<li>1935 – <a href="/facts/Ken_Kercheval/bAdERYA2">Ken Kercheval</a>, American actor and director (d. 2019)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1936/VsNHIP3x">1936</a> – <a href="/facts/George_Voinovich/js5g3Ysd">George Voinovich</a>, American lawyer and politician, 65th <a href="/facts/Governor_of_Ohio/J7W3qePS">Governor of Ohio</a> (d. 2016)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1937/BUX8Hwbf">1937</a> – <a href="/facts/Prabhash_Joshi/VqvdxbP3">Prabhash Joshi</a>, Indian journalist (d. 2009)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1938/auSpdqeH">1938</a> – <a href="/facts/Bill_Alsup/yVB2LzCm">Bill Alsup</a>, American racing driver (d. 2016)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a></li>
<li>1938 – <a href="/facts/Ernie_Barnes/7YEan1BI">Ernie Barnes</a>, American football player, actor, and painter (d. 2009)</li>
<li>1938 – <a href="/facts/Carmen_Callil/DKCs87E6">Carmen Callil</a>, Australian publisher, founded <a href="/facts/Virago_Press/Y9XmPC4L">Virago Press</a> (d. 2022)</li>
<li>1938 – <a href="/facts/Barry_Goldwater%2c_Jr./yVKMNHon">Barry Goldwater, Jr.</a>, American lawyer and politician</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1939/qMDTC2rc">1939</a> – <a href="/facts/An%25C3%25ADbal_Cavaco_Silva/vUsmx71p">Aníbal Cavaco Silva</a>, Portuguese economist and politician, 19th <a href="/facts/President_of_the_Portuguese_Republic/lS9R1wRX">President of the Portuguese Republic</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1940/AMQgqkYN">1940</a> – <a href="/facts/Chris_Cord/jHqUe0cQ">Chris Cord</a>, American racing driver (d. 2022)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a></li>
<li>1940 – <a href="/facts/Denis_H%25C3%25A9roux/yAmgmIpV">Denis Héroux</a>, Canadian director and producer (d. 2015)</li>
<li>1940 – <a href="/facts/Ronald_Gene_Simmons/ljmhP51z">Ronald Gene Simmons</a>, American sergeant and convicted murderer (d. 1990)</li>
<li>1940 – <a href="/facts/Robert_Winston/E9Cyk2g5">Robert Winston</a>, English surgeon, academic, and politician</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1941/MxJwh6rk">1941</a> – <a href="/facts/Livia_Gouverneur/rMc2kfqT">Livia Gouverneur</a>, Venezuelan communist (d.1961)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1942/Hv8rLssG">1942</a> – <a href="/facts/Vivian_Malone_Jones/nEH7kU1o">Vivian Malone Jones</a>, American civil rights activist (d. 2005)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1943/3DdRsjrn">1943</a> – <a href="/facts/Jocelyn_Bell_Burnell/k81YuMlk">Jocelyn Bell Burnell</a>, Northern Irish astrophysicist, astronomer, and academic</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1944/A6Jvm3T6">1944</a> – <a href="/facts/Millie_Jackson/lKpBa5NH">Millie Jackson</a>, American singer-songwriter</li>
<li>1944 – <a href="/facts/Jan-Michael_Vincent/onklvtwV">Jan-Michael Vincent</a>, American actor (d. 2019)</li>
<li>1944 – <a href="/facts/Nigel_Williams_(conservator)/YLzBURIE">Nigel Williams</a>, English conservator (d. 1992)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1945/w7Rc9CUl">1945</a> – <a href="/facts/David_Arthur_Granger/YBbtMaXG">David Arthur Granger</a>, Guyanese politician, 9th <a href="/facts/President_of_Guyana/FlKBmMhc">President of Guyana</a></li>
<li>1945 – <a href="/facts/Peter_Lewis_(musician)/3GdCudAW">Peter Lewis</a>, American singer-songwriter and guitarist</li>
<li>1945 – <a href="/facts/J%25C3%25BCrgen_M%25C3%25B6llemann/L6h9Srja">Jürgen Möllemann</a>, German soldier and politician, <a href="/facts/Vice-Chancellor_of_Germany/wnx3VlA2">Vice-Chancellor of Germany</a> (d. 2003)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1946/BnTf4qUs">1946</a> – <a href="/facts/Linda_Ronstadt/BuE86dg7">Linda Ronstadt</a>, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress</li>
<li>1946 – <a href="/facts/Hassanal_Bolkiah/AFpJlgUH">Hassanal Bolkiah</a>, Sultan of Brunei</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1947/Wy1AYbDz">1947</a> – <a href="/facts/Lydia_Davis/1WygKbfh">Lydia Davis</a>, American short story writer, novelist, and essayist</li>
<li>1947 – <a href="/facts/Pridiyathorn_Devakula/81yotVUH">Pridiyathorn Devakula</a>, Thai economist and politician, <a href="/facts/Ministry_of_Finance_(Thailand)/4kS2KCDP">Thai Minister of Finance</a></li>
<li>1947 – <a href="/facts/Roky_Erickson/lEQEGstB">Roky Erickson</a>, American singer-songwriter and musician (d. 2019)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1948/8PpY1FY5">1948</a> – <a href="/facts/Twinkle_(singer)/qXERRzxJ">Twinkle</a>, English singer-songwriter (d. 2015)</li>
<li>1948 – <a href="/facts/Dimosthenis_Kourtovik/s7xfnGc7">Dimosthenis Kourtovik</a>, Greek anthropologist and critic</li>
<li>1948 – <a href="/facts/Artimus_Pyle/yFr8CT2M">Artimus Pyle</a>, American rock drummer and songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1949/25neuEUm">1949</a> – <a href="/facts/Carl_Bildt/UFcCcnpW">Carl Bildt</a>, Swedish politician and diplomat, <a href="/facts/Prime_Minister_of_Sweden/cELLLCUv">Prime Minister of Sweden</a></li>
<li>1949 – <a href="/facts/Trevor_Horn/98EcwUyM">Trevor Horn</a>, English singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer</li>
<li>1949 – <a href="/facts/Richard_Russo/cUPrlaNr">Richard Russo</a>, American novelist, short story writer, and screenwriter</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1950/mxu5oLbY">1950</a> – <a href="/facts/Colin_Barnett/mw43B51W">Colin Barnett</a>, Australian economist and politician, 29th <a href="/facts/Premier_of_Western_Australia/vwAIfEbH">Premier of Western Australia</a></li>
<li>1950 – <a href="/facts/Arianna_Huffington/q8BFTfYz">Arianna Huffington</a>, Greek-American journalist and publisher</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1951/o7KS23e8">1951</a> – <a href="/facts/Gregory_Isaacs/LhJ6CVAe">Gregory Isaacs</a>, Jamaican-English singer-songwriter (d. 2010)</li>
<li>1951 – <a href="/facts/Jesse_Ventura/0WrMuxCo">Jesse Ventura</a>, American wrestler, actor, and politician, 38th <a href="/facts/Governor_of_Minnesota/tqRWLrpL">Governor of Minnesota</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1952/LYQM5Bu0">1952</a> – <a href="/facts/John_Cleland_(racing_driver)/St7PyTCy">John Cleland</a>, British racing driver<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a></li>
<li>1952 – <a href="/facts/Celia_Imrie/PFeR15K5">Celia Imrie</a>, English actress</li>
<li>1952 – <a href="/facts/Terry_O%2527Quinn/6hua4bjD">Terry O'Quinn</a>, American actor</li>
<li>1952 – <a href="/facts/David_Pack/l5pVbwrq">David Pack</a>, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer</li>
<li>1952 – <a href="/facts/Marky_Ramone/H7WYVDXG">Marky Ramone</a>, American drummer and songwriter</li>
<li>1952 – <a href="/facts/Johnny_Thunders/T57CrPBn">Johnny Thunders</a>, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1991)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1953/9mQVlynh">1953</a> – <a href="/facts/Jean-Bertrand_Aristide/T7s4zvBx">Jean-Bertrand Aristide</a>, Haitian priest and politician, 49th <a href="/facts/President_of_Haiti/gEvew2pU">President of Haiti</a></li>
<li>1953 – <a href="/facts/Sultanah_Haminah/NEEr2JYa">Sultanah Haminah</a>, Malaysian royal consort</li>
<li>1953 – <a href="/facts/Mohamad_Shahrum_Osman/sEcHxYFA">Mohamad Shahrum Osman</a>, Malaysian politician</li>
<li>1953 – <a href="/facts/Alicia_Bridges/7zEte1eg">Alicia Bridges</a>, American singer-songwriter</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1954/qggMYsgW">1954</a> – <a href="/facts/John_Ferguson_(rugby_league)/E0gPhv9v">John Ferguson</a>, Australian rugby league player</li>
<li>1954 – <a href="/facts/Giorgos_Kaminis/YYgvaeLq">Giorgos Kaminis</a>, American-Greek lawyer and politician, 78th <a href="/facts/Mayor_of_Athens/BUpB0zah">Mayor of Athens</a></li>
<li>1954 – <a href="/facts/Mario_Kempes/tKPVyeKe">Mario Kempes</a>, Argentinian footballer and manager</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1956/s8lywmqd">1956</a> – <a href="/facts/Ashoke_Sen/Rb6HfRfH">Ashoke Sen</a>, Indian theoretical physicist and string theorist<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a></li>
<li>1956 – <a href="/facts/Ian_Curtis/tAPCAgXj">Ian Curtis</a>, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1980)</li>
<li>1956 – <a href="/facts/Nicholas_Harberd/HbndUmjx">Nicholas Harberd</a>, British botanist, educator, and academician</li>
<li>1956 – <a href="/facts/Barry_Melrose/4PK1xldU">Barry Melrose</a>, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and sportscaster</li>
<li>1956 – <a href="/facts/Steve_Mortimer/suvkrByp">Steve Mortimer</a>, Australian rugby league player, coach, and administrator</li>
<li>1956 – <a href="/facts/Joe_Satriani/l5RGjVCG">Joe Satriani</a>, American singer-songwriter and guitarist</li>
<li>1956 – <a href="/facts/Wayne_Taylor/Q4dQNsk2">Wayne Taylor</a>, South African racing driver</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1957/6Aeq0xSI">1957</a> – <a href="/facts/Cecile_Richards/onMwPN6d">Cecile Richards</a>, American activist and former <a href="/facts/Planned_Parenthood/3VJmCaTW">Planned Parenthood</a> president (d. 2025)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1958/hMBPu5oV">1958</a> – <a href="/facts/Gary_Heale/UTJ3WrDS">Gary Heale</a>, English footballer and coach</li>
<li>1958 – <a href="/facts/Mac_Thornberry/cy5AIm6x">Mac Thornberry</a>, American lawyer and politician</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1959/3NCLPH6G">1959</a> – <a href="/facts/Vincent_Lindon/nCcox6dS">Vincent Lindon</a>, French actor, director, and screenwriter</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1961/aVtANPeE">1961</a> – <a href="/facts/Lolita_Davidovich/rgYGVcPf">Lolita Davidovich</a>, Canadian actress</li>
<li>1961 – <a href="/facts/Jean-Christophe_Grang%25C3%25A9/CurzukWk">Jean-Christophe Grangé</a>, French journalist and screenwriter</li>
<li>1961 – <a href="/facts/Forest_Whitaker/vbXCH9Tg">Forest Whitaker</a>, American actor</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1962/l6s31Ap3">1962</a> – <a href="/facts/Nikos_Filippou/WxQBaWYN">Nikos Filippou</a>, Greek basketball player and manager</li>
<li>1962 – <a href="/facts/Michelle_Ford/ECGU2vXh">Michelle Ford</a>, Australian swimmer</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1963/IAgXNXRm">1963</a> – <a href="/facts/Brigitte_Nielsen/zmrRjPKp">Brigitte Nielsen</a>, Danish-Italian actress</li>
<li>1963 – <a href="/facts/Steve_Thomas_(ice_hockey)/XoEQImz4">Steve Thomas</a>, English-Canadian ice hockey player and coach</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1965/RlpYNuG1">1965</a> – <a href="/facts/Alistair_Carmichael/Dbdr449L">Alistair Carmichael</a>, Scottish lawyer and politician, <a href="/facts/Secretary_of_State_for_Scotland/Ruy2znnb">Secretary of State for Scotland</a></li>
<li>1965 – <a href="/facts/Gero_Miesenb%25C3%25B6ck/4sTBeQnD">Gero Miesenböck</a>, Austrian neuroscientist and educator</li>
<li>1965 – <a href="/facts/David_Miliband/NF08yDKb">David Miliband</a>, English politician, <a href="/facts/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_and_Commonwealth_Affairs/K4Sr7QwU">Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1966/6ET4QfEl">1966</a> – <a href="/facts/Jason_Bonham/W6ERKICk">Jason Bonham</a>, English singer-songwriter and drummer</li>
<li>1966 – <a href="/facts/Ir%25C3%25A8ne_Jacob/vExYwcTu">Irène Jacob</a>, French-Swiss actress</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1967/dmIuJ9Qy">1967</a> – <a href="/facts/Adam_Savage/tLId5UeJ">Adam Savage</a>, American actor and special effects designer</li>
<li>1967 – <a href="/facts/Elbert_West/tsDLcvCA">Elbert West</a>, American singer-songwriter (d. 2015)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1968/KPacXbuQ">1968</a> – <a href="/facts/Eddie_Griffin/p1B3UCEQ">Eddie Griffin</a>, American comedian, actor, and producer</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1969/Qunmv17a">1969</a> – <a href="/facts/Ain_Tammus/2w9yPPJu">Ain Tammus</a>, Estonian footballer and coach</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1970/zvXkpYmn">1970</a> – <a href="/facts/Tarkan_G%25C3%25B6z%25C3%25BCb%25C3%25BCy%25C3%25BCk/EGVjuUKU">Tarkan Gözübüyük</a>, Turkish bass player and producer</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1972/PDtUApJJ">1972</a> – <a href="/facts/Scott_Foley/zm1cyCso">Scott Foley</a>, American actor</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1973/U4cMWEpF">1973</a> – <a href="/facts/Brian_Austin_Green/Bz85dwT7">Brian Austin Green</a>, American actor</li>
<li>1973 – <a href="/facts/Buju_Banton/7jj4stq7">Buju Banton</a>, Jamaican singer<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1975/VYMnwoeF">1975</a> – <a href="/facts/Cherry_(American_wrestler)/jzjErBvu">Cherry</a>, American wrestler and manager</li>
<li>1975 – <a href="/facts/Danny_Law/XJrJKYDJ">Danny Law</a>, English cricketer</li>
<li>1975 – <a href="/facts/Ben_Pepper/A1CGsftq">Ben Pepper</a>, Australian basketball player</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1976/78RFM9Xk">1976</a> – <a href="/facts/Steve_Cunningham/HxdLsmRN">Steve Cunningham</a>, American boxer</li>
<li>1976 – <a href="/facts/Marco_Di_Vaio/vRSSVRVt">Marco Di Vaio</a>, Italian footballer</li>
<li>1976 – <a href="/facts/Diane_Kruger/aFLBRKAd">Diane Kruger</a>, German actress and model</li>
<li>1976 – <a href="/facts/Gabriel_Iglesias/bW3z57C4">Gabriel Iglesias</a>, Mexican-American comedian and voice actor</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1977/wrXpt5jT">1977</a> – <a href="/facts/D._J._Kennington/Vlt82Lrw">D. J. Kennington</a>, Canadian racing driver<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a></li>
<li>1977 – <a href="/facts/Andr%25C3%25A9_Nel/9ueP4GBG">André Nel</a>, South African cricketer</li>
<li>1977 – <a href="/facts/Lana_Parrilla/6uB8W5CI">Lana Parrilla</a>, American actress<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a></li>
<li>1977 – <a href="/facts/John_St._Clair/udDB5fG0">John St. Clair</a>, American football player</li>
<li>1977 – <a href="/facts/Ray_Toro/zLm0rKMB">Ray Toro</a>, American singer-songwriter and guitarist<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1978/0yIlakn7">1978</a> – <a href="/facts/Miguel_Olivo/JBG2Xv6e">Miguel Olivo</a>, Dominican baseball player</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1979/V4o6YhYF">1979</a> – <a href="/facts/Laura_Benanti/QmdB6gTl">Laura Benanti</a>, American actress and singer</li>
<li>1979 – <a href="/facts/Alexander_Frei/mAhh42Gk">Alexander Frei</a>, Swiss footballer</li>
<li>1979 – <a href="/facts/Edda_Gar%25C3%25B0arsd%25C3%25B3ttir/93xm2kzC">Edda Garðarsdóttir</a>, Icelandic footballer</li>
<li>1979 – <a href="/facts/Renata_Ku%25C4%258Derov%25C3%25A1/cJAPPksR">Renata Kučerová</a>, Czech tennis player</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1980/LlDU6MAx">1980</a> – <a href="/facts/Reggie_Abercrombie/sqGy3JWF">Reggie Abercrombie</a>, American baseball player</li>
<li>1980 – <a href="/facts/Jonathan_Cheechoo/paUzJY5x">Jonathan Cheechoo</a>, Canadian ice hockey player</li>
<li>1980 – <a href="/facts/Julia_Perez/Vk0KPamQ">Julia Perez</a>, Indonesian singer and actress (d. 2017)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1981/KMGWH0jA">1981</a> – <a href="/facts/Alou_Diarra/E6TwDAL8">Alou Diarra</a>, French footballer</li>
<li>1981 – <a href="/facts/Petros_Klampanis/8QkbLEzx">Petros Klampanis</a>, Greek bassist and composer</li>
<li>1981 – <a href="/facts/Marius_Stankevi%25C4%258Dius/oY2QSG5k">Marius Stankevičius</a>, Lithuanian footballer</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1982/oMGkW7wb">1982</a> – <a href="/facts/Julien_Canal/wVuKUoWJ">Julien Canal</a>, French racing driver<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a></li>
<li>1982 – <a href="/facts/Neemia_Tialata/E0psc78N">Neemia Tialata</a>, New Zealand rugby player</li>
<li>1982 – <a href="/facts/A%25C3%25ADda_Y%25C3%25A9spica/HF16TXgd">Aída Yéspica</a>, Venezuelan model and actress</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1983/Hh9D0QTA">1983</a> – <a href="/facts/Salvatore_Iovino/7TPksE73">Salvatore Iovino</a>, American racing driver<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a></li>
<li>1983 – <a href="/facts/Nelson_Merlo/fVpnRSF5">Nelson Merlo</a>, Brazilian racing driver</li>
<li>1983 – <a href="/facts/Heath_Slater/Mc5Gpquz">Heath Slater</a>, American wrestler</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1984/JqqEX46m">1984</a> – <a href="/facts/Angelo_Siniscalchi/xghksl4b">Angelo Siniscalchi</a>, Italian footballer</li>
<li>1984 – <a href="/facts/Veronika_Velez-Zuzulov%25C3%25A1/6pQUBzNe">Veronika Velez-Zuzulová</a>, Slovak skier</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1986/8uT5tERV">1986</a> – <a href="/facts/Tyler_Kennedy/dMRWwLYg">Tyler Kennedy</a>, Canadian ice hockey player</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1986/8uT5tERV">1986</a> – <a href="/facts/Yahya_Abdul-Mateen_II/xGnkeAvM">Yahya Abdul-Mateen II</a>, American actor <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1989/HWvGcTeT">1989</a> – <a href="/facts/Alisa_Kleybanova/5K9FjJsv">Alisa Kleybanova</a>, Russian tennis player</li>
<li>1989 – <a href="/facts/Anthony_Randolph/Xgjfyaaq">Anthony Randolph</a>, American basketball player</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1990/ySbaqvwp">1990</a> – <a href="/facts/Olly_Alexander/SxbPDADY">Olly Alexander</a>, English singer and actor <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a></li>
<li>1990 – <a href="/facts/Zach_Bogosian/eEfSRqwT">Zach Bogosian</a>, American ice hockey player</li>
<li>1990 – <a href="/facts/Damian_Lillard/ltewRcpN">Damian Lillard</a>, American basketball player<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a></li>
<li>1990 – <a href="/facts/Tyler_Young_(racing_driver)/4tRbB5Fd">Tyler Young</a>, American racing driver<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1991/2VyD1KeD">1991</a> – <a href="/facts/Danilo_(footballer%2c_born_July_1991)/SrCP1af2">Danilo</a>, Brazilian footballer</li>
<li>1991 – <a href="/facts/Derrick_Favors/GmS7cdFB">Derrick Favors</a>, American basketball player</li>
<li>1991 – <a href="/facts/Evgeny_Tishchenko/C4NIuUW8">Evgeny Tishchenko</a>, Russian boxer</li>
<li>1991 – <a href="/facts/Nuria_P%25C3%25A1rrizas_D%25C3%25ADaz/2SANwnfU">Nuria Párrizas Díaz</a>, Spanish tennis player<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1992/C3hhqclX">1992</a> – <a href="/facts/Tobias_Harris/xlxoY7Xy">Tobias Harris</a>, American basketball player</li>
<li>1992 – <a href="/facts/Wayde_van_Niekerk/kvvDp4Wp">Wayde van Niekerk</a>, South African sprinter</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1993/8gXvDoaz">1993</a> – <a href="/facts/H%25C3%25A5vard_Nielsen/kPx4vqeo">Håvard Nielsen</a>, Norwegian footballer<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a></li>
<li>1993 – <a href="/facts/Harrison_Rhodes/oGzs8qjU">Harrison Rhodes</a>, American racing driver<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a></li>
<li>1993 – <a href="/facts/Masataka_Yoshida/ds9AXpAA">Masataka Yoshida</a>, Japanese baseball player<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1996/qrQNaXmK">1996</a> – <a href="/facts/Vivianne_Miedema/WXR3gUBI">Vivianne Miedema</a>, Dutch football player<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1997/FSVnuhSn">1997</a> – <a href="/facts/Jil_Teichmann/K2BjNu2m">Jil Teichmann</a>, Swiss tennis player<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1998/m0E92lbX">1998</a> – <a href="/facts/Noah_Gragson/81oUKaL9">Noah Gragson</a>, American racing driver<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1999/pc1BDf3P">1999</a> – <a href="/facts/Mohamed_Sobhy_(footballer%2c_born_1999)/cwh4x8p4">Mohamed Sobhy</a>, Egyptian footballer<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/2005/gV0sNsas">2005</a> – <a href="/facts/JuJu_Watkins/PKKm63HT">JuJu Watkins</a>, American basketball player<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/2008/nrFQTFDH">2008</a> – <a href="/facts/Iain_Armitage/FPltQHnT">Iain Armitage</a>, American actor<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="deaths">Deaths</h2>
<h3>Pre-1600</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/756/f0nT6SRM">756</a> – <a href="/facts/Yang_Guifei/su3GLH6p">Yang Guifei</a>, consort of <a href="/facts/Emperor_Xuanzong_of_Tang/GpMBsp2H">Xuan Zong</a> (b. 719)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/998/10sY8cxR">998</a> – <a href="/facts/Ab%25C5%25AB_al-Waf%25C4%2581%2527_B%25C5%25ABzj%25C4%2581n%25C4%25AB/ynklB2fP">Abū al-Wafā' Būzjānī</a>, Persian mathematician and astronomer (b. 940)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1015/xePhKhGj">1015</a> – <a href="/facts/Vladimir_the_Great/0AQqr2mf">Vladimir the Great</a>, <a href="/facts/Grand_prince/zH21M9KN">Grand prince</a> of <a href="/facts/Kievan_Rus%2527/oYbNWrwR">Kievan Rus'</a> (b. c. 958)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1274/YvbYe073">1274</a> – <a href="/facts/Bonaventure/S8vGKNnN">Bonaventure</a>, Italian bishop and saint (b. 1221)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1291/jfF7vV2z">1291</a> – <a href="/facts/Rudolf_I_of_Germany/Y8VpNYaF">Rudolf I of Germany</a> (b. 1218)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1299/AESmYIUg">1299</a> – King <a href="/facts/Eric_II_of_Norway/InbfK3nK">Eric II of Norway</a> (b. c. 1268)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1381/Th2fcus7">1381</a> – <a href="/facts/John_Ball_(priest)/88vmhNuz">John Ball</a>, English <a href="/facts/Lollardy/aHYhKymY">Lollard</a> priest</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1388/DCPoxdg1">1388</a> – <a href="/facts/Agnes_of_Durazzo/9Flz3EmP">Agnes of Durazzo</a>, titular Latin empress consort of Constantinople (b. 1313)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1397/eBjAz49N">1397</a> – <a href="/facts/Catherine_of_Henneberg/sJBN40mt">Catherine of Henneberg</a>, German ruler (b. c. 1334)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1406/ERadqtoP">1406</a> – <a href="/facts/William%2c_Duke_of_Austria/F9Yec2qv">William, Duke of Austria</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1410/IdaSYYmA">1410</a> – <a href="/facts/Ulrich_von_Jungingen/Fv2vWW97">Ulrich von Jungingen</a>, German Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights (b. 1360)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1445/q1gVYTow">1445</a> – <a href="/facts/Joan_Beaufort%2c_Queen_of_Scotland/s8lIlJ8I">Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scotland</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1542/7W6Blf5I">1542</a> – <a href="/facts/Lisa_del_Giocondo/YJv9mxPf">Lisa del Giocondo</a>, subject of Leonardo da Vinci's painting <a href="/facts/Mona_Lisa/oQwPVXtN">Mona Lisa</a> (b. 1479)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1544/wA75k1HF">1544</a> – <a href="/facts/Ren%25C3%25A9_of_Ch%25C3%25A2lon/4B3Kp7c8">René of Châlon</a> (b. 1519)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1571/GMASSBou">1571</a> – <a href="/facts/Shimazu_Takahisa/5N455JmY">Shimazu Takahisa</a>, Japanese daimyō (b. 1514)</li></ul>
<h3>1601–1900</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/1609/TVhxyg4s">1609</a> – <a href="/facts/Annibale_Carracci/FhFcogUH">Annibale Carracci</a>, Italian painter and illustrator (b. 1560)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1614/XQXpDAV8">1614</a> – <a href="/facts/Pierre_de_Bourdeille%2c_seigneur_de_Brant%25C3%25B4me/LkGaEzDn">Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de Brantôme</a>, French soldier, historian and author (b. 1540)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1655/mf2h9FDe">1655</a> – <a href="/facts/Girolamo_Rainaldi/Wh746C1T">Girolamo Rainaldi</a>, Italian architect (b. 1570)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1685/raHySqfn">1685</a> – <a href="/facts/James_Scott%2c_1st_Duke_of_Monmouth/zrLA7EEl">James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth</a>, Dutch-born English general and claimant to the throne, executed (b. 1649)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1750/AMwP0Emy">1750</a> – <a href="/facts/Vasily_Tatishchev/bdNCjxSy">Vasily Tatishchev</a>, Russian ethnographer and politician (b. 1686)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1765/tuvj9AvG">1765</a> – <a href="/facts/Charles-Andr%25C3%25A9_van_Loo/v3cjMe5P">Charles-André van Loo</a>, French painter (b. 1705)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1767/prI16bdd">1767</a> – <a href="/facts/Michael_Bruce_(poet)/3sSIckT6">Michael Bruce</a>, Scottish poet and composer (b. 1746)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1789/q2vGJ9n1">1789</a> – <a href="/facts/Jacques_Duphly/pBTyf8pd">Jacques Duphly</a>, French <a href="/facts/Harpsichord/8RtW7bzM">harpsichord</a> player and composer (b. 1715)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1828/dgLDhnSW">1828</a> – <a href="/facts/Jean-Antoine_Houdon/AD318oNf">Jean-Antoine Houdon</a>, French sculptor (b. 1741)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1839/D4oVgcgX">1839</a> – <a href="/facts/Winthrop_Mackworth_Praed/XkJXqtAo">Winthrop Mackworth Praed</a>, English poet and politician (b. 1802)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1844/lV62gfHq">1844</a> – <a href="/facts/Claude_Charles_Fauriel/cuVfRad3">Claude Charles Fauriel</a>, French philologist and historian (b. 1772)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1851/GeytjB5u">1851</a> – <a href="/facts/Anne-Marie_Javouhey/dDKXMuPA">Anne-Marie Javouhey</a>, French nun, founder of the Sisters of St Joseph of Cluny (b. 1779)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50">50</a></li>
<li>1851 – <a href="/facts/Juan_Felipe_Ibarra/NEq4z1fl">Juan Felipe Ibarra</a>, Argentinian general and politician (b. 1787)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1857/EYEfYDBH">1857</a> – <a href="/facts/Carl_Czerny/sRKAwTBz">Carl Czerny</a>, Austrian pianist and composer (b. 1791)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1858/aj3BJQlx">1858</a> – <a href="/facts/Alexander_Andreyevich_Ivanov/FYaMBz79">Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov</a>, Russian painter (b. 1806)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1883/EwbmutJN">1883</a> – <a href="/facts/General_Tom_Thumb/P5ohuzcm">General Tom Thumb</a>, American circus performer (b. 1838)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1885/0f7HxjrW">1885</a> – <a href="/facts/Rosal%25C3%25ADa_de_Castro/WK4sRubL">Rosalía de Castro</a>, Spanish author and poet (b. 1837)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1890/v0MY7EwC">1890</a> – <a href="/facts/Gottfried_Keller/Xmq2uBRB">Gottfried Keller</a>, Swiss author, poet and playwright (b. 1819)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1898/22NQXEjQ">1898</a> – <a href="/facts/Jean-Baptiste_Salpointe/LDThNqNj">Jean-Baptiste Salpointe</a>, French-American archbishop (b. 1825)</li></ul>
<h3>1901–present</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/1904/pYw7uoS4">1904</a> – <a href="/facts/Anton_Chekhov/lyTc2YcI">Anton Chekhov</a>, Russian playwright and short story writer (b. <a href="/facts/1860/4dczHW4c">1860</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51">51</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1919/5R5RKF5E">1919</a> – <a href="/facts/Emil_Fischer/5wxbfBtu">Emil Fischer</a>, German chemist and academic, <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry/8Nb8Ajjy">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (b. <a href="/facts/1852/7rU2ebRt">1852</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52">52</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1929/CqjpW93q">1929</a> – <a href="/facts/Hugo_von_Hofmannsthal/d6gXn9kJ">Hugo von Hofmannsthal</a>, Austrian author, poet, and playwright (b. <a href="/facts/1874/GbknNJo8">1874</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53">53</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1930/CrbUfsAD">1930</a> – <a href="/facts/Leopold_Auer/7L6uxtSC">Leopold Auer</a>, Hungarian violinist, composer, and conductor (b. 1845)</li>
<li>1930 – <a href="/facts/Leonora_Barry/kwQHHJrA">Leonora Barry</a>, Irish-born American social activist (b. 1849)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54">54</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1931/JK9FEYxa">1931</a> – <a href="/facts/Ladislaus_Bortkiewicz/MdDYnglF">Ladislaus Bortkiewicz</a>, Russian-German economist and mathematician (b. 1868)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1932/XlUMqV5p">1932</a> – <a href="/facts/Bah%25C3%25ADyyih_Kh%25C3%25A1num/QrPK7wnP">Bahíyyih Khánum</a>, Iranian writer and leader in the Baha'i faith (b. 1846) <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55">55</a></li>
<li>1932 – <a href="/facts/Cornelis_Jacobus_Langenhoven/WnMc6Du7">Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven</a>, South African poet and politician (b. 1873)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1933/2LFFswPa">1933</a> – <a href="/facts/Irving_Babbitt/4gpb2SPM">Irving Babbitt</a>, American scholar, critic, and academic (b. 1865)</li>
<li>1933 – <a href="/facts/Freddie_Keppard/hPH6u4q0">Freddie Keppard</a>, American cornet player (b. 1890)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1940/AMQgqkYN">1940</a> – <a href="/facts/Eugen_Bleuler/LgJF5WWY">Eugen Bleuler</a>, Swiss psychiatrist and physician (b. 1857)</li>
<li>1940 – <a href="/facts/Robert_Wadlow/sRJwyIJS">Robert Wadlow</a>, American giant, 8"11' 271 cm (b. 1918)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1942/Hv8rLssG">1942</a> – <a href="/facts/Wenceslao_Vinzons/YEGjNxhD">Wenceslao Vinzons</a>, Filipino lawyer and politician (b. 1910)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1944/A6Jvm3T6">1944</a> – <a href="/facts/Marie-Victorin_Kirouac/2EvqUYc6">Marie-Victorin Kirouac</a>, Canadian botanist and academic (b. 1885)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1946/BnTf4qUs">1946</a> – <a href="/facts/Razor_Smith/J6IomjJJ">Razor Smith</a>, English cricketer and coach (b. 1877)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1947/Wy1AYbDz">1947</a> – <a href="/facts/Walter_Donaldson_(songwriter)/UWDY6uHG">Walter Donaldson</a>, American soldier and songwriter (b. 1893)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1948/8PpY1FY5">1948</a> – <a href="/facts/John_J._Pershing/d9q2cEHM">John J. Pershing</a>, American general (b. 1860)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1953/9mQVlynh">1953</a> – <a href="/facts/Geevarghese_Mar_Ivanios/aLDooFUY">Geevarghese Mar Ivanios</a>, Indian archbishop, founded the <a href="/facts/Order_of_the_Imitation_of_Christ/DAQwhleS">Order of the Imitation of Christ</a> (b. 1882)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1957/6Aeq0xSI">1957</a> – <a href="/facts/James_M._Cox/3WGnmlHt">James M. Cox</a>, American publisher and politician, 46th <a href="/facts/Governor_of_Ohio/J7W3qePS">Governor of Ohio</a> (b. <a href="/facts/1870/gpkRncsy">1870</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56">56</a></li>
<li>1957 – <a href="/facts/Vasily_Maklakov/Ma0aI1fX">Vasily Maklakov</a>, a Russian lawyer and politician (b. 1869)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1959/3NCLPH6G">1959</a> – <a href="/facts/Ernest_Bloch/ulqd702W">Ernest Bloch</a>, Swiss-American composer and academic (b. 1880)</li>
<li>1959 – <a href="/facts/Vance_Palmer/NGo4jJ5F">Vance Palmer</a>, Australian author and critic (b. <a href="/facts/1885/0f7HxjrW">1885</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57">57</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1960/H5oTKVEk">1960</a> – <a href="/facts/Set_Persson/KDoaJq4q">Set Persson</a>, Swedish politician (b. 1897)</li>
<li>1960 – <a href="/facts/Lawrence_Tibbett/wodeD83w">Lawrence Tibbett</a>, American singer and actor (b. 1896)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1961/aVtANPeE">1961</a> – <a href="/facts/John_Edward_Brownlee/tKw1ol9a">John Edward Brownlee</a>, Canadian lawyer and politician, 5th <a href="/facts/Premier_of_Alberta/S9cBlhhG">Premier of Alberta</a> (b. 1884)</li>
<li>1961 – <a href="/facts/Nina_Bari/9KeyhTYY">Nina Bari</a>, Russian mathematician (b. 1901)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58">58</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1965/RlpYNuG1">1965</a> – <a href="/facts/Francis_Cherry_(governor)/2JvK3zpm">Francis Cherry</a>, American lawyer and politician, 35th <a href="/facts/Governor_of_Arkansas/A56093gB">Governor of Arkansas</a> (b. 1908)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1966/6ET4QfEl">1966</a> – <a href="/facts/Seyfi_Arkan/N370dYhA">Seyfi Arkan</a>, Turkish architect (b. 1903)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1969/Qunmv17a">1969</a> – <a href="/facts/Grace_Hutchins/A2gIaXnd">Grace Hutchins</a>, American labor reformer and researcher (b. 1885)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59">59</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1974/yb8hxjWJ">1974</a> – <a href="/facts/Christine_Chubbuck/zzLCwbuE">Christine Chubbuck</a>, American journalist (b. <a href="/facts/1944/A6Jvm3T6">1944</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60">60</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1976/78RFM9Xk">1976</a> – <a href="/facts/Paul_Gallico/sIYwoYVL">Paul Gallico</a>, American journalist and author (b. 1897)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1977/wrXpt5jT">1977</a> – <a href="/facts/Donald_Mackay_(anti-drugs_campaigner)/jEueJEun">Donald Mackay</a>, Australian businessman and activist (b. 1933)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1979/V4o6YhYF">1979</a> – <a href="/facts/Gustavo_D%25C3%25ADaz_Ordaz/Vy4v2XUs">Gustavo Díaz Ordaz</a>, Mexican academic and politician, 29th <a href="/facts/President_of_Mexico/WKeRteSb">President of Mexico</a> (b. 1911)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61">61</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/1981/KMGWH0jA">1981</a> – <a href="/facts/Fr%25C3%25A9d%25C3%25A9ric_Dorion/tMEWjhNz">Frédéric Dorion</a>, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician (b. 1898)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1982/oMGkW7wb">1982</a> – <a href="/facts/Bill_Justis/jCGp7KzI">Bill Justis</a>, American saxophonist, songwriter, and producer (b. 1926)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1986/8uT5tERV">1986</a> – <a href="/facts/Billy_Haughton/kwWHWs3Q">Billy Haughton</a>, American harness racer and trainer (b. 1923)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1988/VsU0rXfc">1988</a> – <a href="/facts/Eleanor_Estes/zy2mkXb6">Eleanor Estes</a>, American librarian, author, and illustrator (b. 1906)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1989/HWvGcTeT">1989</a> – <a href="/facts/Laurie_Cunningham/Evdkwkct">Laurie Cunningham</a>, English footballer (b. 1956)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1990/ySbaqvwp">1990</a> – <a href="/facts/Zaim_Top%25C4%258Di%25C4%2587/DFDRH1ub">Zaim Topčić</a>, Yugoslav and Bosnian writer (b. 1920)</li>
<li>1990 – <a href="/facts/Margaret_Lockwood/UARetQ8s">Margaret Lockwood</a>, English actress (b. 1916)</li>
<li>1990 – <a href="/facts/Omar_Abu_Risha/9uSQX7EW">Omar Abu Risha</a>, Syrian poet and diplomat, 4th <a href="/facts/Ambassador_of_Syria_to_the_United_States/ubAnSWpV">Syrian Ambassador to the United States</a> (b. 1910)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1991/2VyD1KeD">1991</a> – <a href="/facts/Bert_Convy/5Po5z7IX">Bert Convy</a>, American actor, singer, and game show host (b. 1933)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1992/C3hhqclX">1992</a> – <a href="/facts/Hammer_DeRoburt/RnTbfBVR">Hammer DeRoburt</a>, Nauruan educator and politician, 1st <a href="/facts/President_of_Nauru/K1PkLmo7">President of Nauru</a> (b. 1922)</li>
<li>1992 – <a href="/facts/Chingiz_Mustafayev_(journalist)/yjC5veqm">Chingiz Mustafayev</a>, Azerbaijani journalist and author (b. 1960)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1997/FSVnuhSn">1997</a> – <a href="/facts/Justinas_Lagunavi%25C4%258Dius/fqtXdAsu">Justinas Lagunavičius</a>, Lithuanian basketball player (b. 1924)</li>
<li>1997 – <a href="/facts/Gianni_Versace/yNjmnkdn">Gianni Versace</a>, Italian fashion designer, founded <a href="/facts/Versace/rXwbXcKt">Versace</a> (b. 1946)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/1998/m0E92lbX">1998</a> – <a href="/facts/S._Shanmuganathan_(Sri_Lankan_politician)/V5qRj8Iz">S. Shanmuganathan</a>, Sri Lankan politician (b. 1960)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2000/UbBNQdMl">2000</a> – <a href="/facts/Louis_Quilico/zX7HcfyD">Louis Quilico</a>, Canadian opera singer and educator (b. 1925)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2001/oo7IoNIA">2001</a> – <a href="/facts/C._Balasingham/RuoRMJge">C. Balasingham</a>, Sri Lankan lawyer and civil servant (b. 1917)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2003/jR4SwKlP">2003</a> – <a href="/facts/Roberto_Bola%25C3%25B1o/gqVXRd0J">Roberto Bolaño</a>, Chilean novelist, short-story writer, poet, and essayist (b. 1953)</li>
<li>2003 – <a href="/facts/Elisabeth_Welch/clrVjJQI">Elisabeth Welch</a>, American actress and singer (b. 1904)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2006/3BeSooyh">2006</a> – <a href="/facts/Robert_H._Brooks/g6nw0h80">Robert H. Brooks</a>, American businessman, founder of <a href="/facts/Hooters/AfwlLfS2">Hooters</a> and <a href="/facts/Naturally_Fresh%2c_Inc./VzQUjR8g">Naturally Fresh, Inc.</a> (b. 1937)</li>
<li>2006 – <a href="/facts/Alireza_Shapour_Shahbazi/q3FLu43a">Alireza Shapour Shahbazi</a>, Iranian archaeologist and academic (b. 1942)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2008/nrFQTFDH">2008</a> – <a href="/facts/Gy%25C3%25B6rgy_Kolonics/LUEm4ba5">György Kolonics</a>, Hungarian canoe racer (b. 1972)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2010/aNH2Is5x">2010</a> – <a href="/facts/James_E._Akins/PakNbQzG">James E. Akins</a>, American politician and diplomat, <a href="/facts/United_States_Ambassador_to_Saudi_Arabia/dn31G6Ea">United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia</a> (b. 1926)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2011/GAc8rcgs">2011</a> – <a href="/facts/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Schnitzler/ohwuvsWc">Friedrich Wilhelm Schnitzler</a>, German landowner and politician (b. 1928)</li>
<li>2011 – <a href="/facts/Googie_Withers/m7pIj54d">Googie Withers</a>, British-Australian actress (b. 1917)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2012/XEX1VQNP">2012</a> – <a href="/facts/Boris_Cebotari/KxGPsqrd">Boris Cebotari</a>, Moldovan footballer (b. 1975)</li>
<li>2012 – <a href="/facts/Tsilla_Chelton/fPfN1faB">Tsilla Chelton</a>, Israeli-French actress (b. 1919)</li>
<li>2012 – <a href="/facts/Grant_Feasel/occx0qpA">Grant Feasel</a>, American football player (b. 1960)</li>
<li>2012 – <a href="/facts/David_Fraser_(British_Army_officer)/RG5yCguM">David Fraser</a>, English general (b. 1920)</li>
<li>2012 – <a href="/facts/Celeste_Holm/mgHnCIqg">Celeste Holm</a>, American actress and singer (b. 1917)</li>
<li>2012 – <a href="/facts/Yoichi_Takabayashi/92lH6TII">Yoichi Takabayashi</a>, Japanese director and screenwriter (b. 1931)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62">62</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/2013/eQaDXDHl">2013</a> – <a href="/facts/Ninos_Aho/cMT9D7uz">Ninos Aho</a>, Syrian-American poet and activist (b. 1945)</li>
<li>2013 – <a href="/facts/Henry_Braden/SXgzjeLH">Henry Braden</a>, American lawyer and politician (b. 1944)</li>
<li>2013 – <a href="/facts/Tom_Greenwell/JxWW4USW">Tom Greenwell</a>, American lawyer and judge (b. 1956)</li>
<li>2013 – <a href="/facts/Earl_Gros/vX35to0C">Earl Gros</a>, American football player (b. 1940)</li>
<li>2013 – <a href="/facts/No%25C3%25ABl_Lee/rqF6EkEt">Noël Lee</a>, Chinese-American pianist and composer (b. 1924)</li>
<li>2013 – <a href="/facts/Meskerem_Legesse/gDY6uo86">Meskerem Legesse</a>, Ethiopian runner (b. 1986)</li>
<li>2013 – <a href="/facts/John_T._Riedl/F5Y5Djdb">John T. Riedl</a>, American computer scientist and academic (b. 1962)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2014/dJ82Jq47">2014</a> – <a href="/facts/%25C3%2593scar_Acosta/nSpHmjAx">Óscar Acosta</a>, Honduran author, poet, and diplomat (b. 1933)</li>
<li>2014 – <a href="/facts/James_MacGregor_Burns/qAd2r1ra">James MacGregor Burns</a>, American historian, political scientist, and author (b. 1918)</li>
<li>2014 – <a href="/facts/Edward_Perl/cumeJ4Bb">Edward Perl</a>, American neuroscientist and academic (b. 1926)</li>
<li>2014 – <a href="/facts/Robert_A._Roe/X8Cel0Kn">Robert A. Roe</a>, American soldier and politician (b. 1924)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2015/bcMDMUaf">2015</a> – <a href="/facts/Masahiko_Aoki/Nbs8vUs5">Masahiko Aoki</a>, Japanese-American economist and academic (b. 1938)</li>
<li>2015 – <a href="/facts/Wan_Li/QSHTlIxv">Wan Li</a>, Chinese politician, 4th <a href="/facts/List_of_vice_premiers_of_the_People%2527s_Republic_of_China/ExSh5J6J">Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China</a> (b. 1916)</li>
<li>2015 – <a href="/facts/Aubrey_Morris/Jkf7nT3d">Aubrey Morris</a>, British actor (b. 1926)</li>
<li>2015 – <a href="/facts/Dave_Somerville/AVMmxbP0">Dave Somerville</a>, Canadian singer (b. 1933)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2017/GtS7nQdn">2017</a> – <a href="/facts/Martin_Landau/pcwua0xD">Martin Landau</a>, American film and television actor (b. 1928)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/2021/7TI7Mcnk">2021</a> – <a href="/facts/Peter_R._de_Vries/v6QCktrL">Peter R. de Vries</a>, Dutch investigative journalist and crime reporter (b. 1956)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63">63</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="holidays-and-observances">Holidays and observances</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Bon_Festival/DyR9q2Nt">Bon Festival</a> (<a href="/facts/Kant%25C5%258D_region/dVLy5bK2">Kantō region</a>, <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a>)</li>
<li>Christian <a href="/facts/Calendar_of_saints/HIapcqYk">feast day</a>:
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Abhai_(saint)/3H7z6CKr">Abhai</a> (<a href="/facts/Syriac_Orthodox_Church/Dz0q0a9q">Syriac Orthodox Church</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Anne-Marie_Javouhey/dDKXMuPA">Anne-Marie Javouhey</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Bernhard_II%2c_Margrave_of_Baden-Baden/tnubKoBH">Bernhard II, Margrave of Baden-Baden</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Bonaventure/S8vGKNnN">Bonaventure</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Dispersion_of_the_Apostles/pxLD7sRI">Dispersion of the Apostles</a> (formerly by the <a href="/facts/Catholic_Church/rJ4F4gqH">Catholic Church</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Donald_of_Ogilvy/MQ5V30vz">Donald of Ogilvy</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Edith_of_Polesworth/pxajh5lC">Edith of Polesworth</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Edith_of_Wilton/2Mhu6Dmh">Edith of Wilton</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Henry_II%2c_Holy_Roman_Emperor/uLsT6FVT">Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Plechelm/TXB2M282">Plechelm</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Quriaqos_and_Julietta/nClkT0vP">Quriaqos and Julietta</a> (<a href="/facts/Eastern_Orthodoxy/5n20Akh5">Eastern Orthodox</a>, <a href="/facts/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches/Hr4jF7La">Oriental Orthodox</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Swithun/zrPTxdUB">Swithun</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Vladimir_the_Great/0AQqr2mf">Vladimir the Great</a> (Eastern Orthodox; Catholic Church)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/July_15_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)/cvGmS9gF">July 15 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Earliest day on which <a href="/facts/Birthday_of_Don_Luis_Mu%25C3%25B1oz_Rivera/GFeEVXGd">Birthday of Don Luis Muñoz Rivera</a> can fall, while July 21 is the latest; celebrated on the third Monday of July. (<a href="/facts/Puerto_Rico/jVStMyG4">Puerto Rico</a>)</li>
<li>Earliest day on which <a href="/facts/Galla_Bayramy/tNhnRyVx">Galla Bayramy</a> can fall, while July 21 is the latest; celebrated on the third Sunday of July. (<a href="/facts/Turkmenistan/YqJ4NvjU">Turkmenistan</a>)</li>
<li>Earliest day on which <a href="/facts/Marine_Day/R1QrJNVE">Marine Day</a> can fall, while July 21 is the latest; celebrated on the third Monday of July. (Japan)</li>
<li>Earliest day on which <a href="/facts/President%2527s_Day_(Botswana)/Yb4dl7Ju">President's Day</a> can fall, while July 21 is the latest; celebrated on the third Monday of July. (<a href="/facts/Botswana/dGw6g94p">Botswana</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Elderly_Men_Day/XKPM8Im1">Elderly Men Day</a> (<a href="/facts/Kiribati/jCeCKakL">Kiribati</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/EU_Day_for_the_Victims_of_the_Global_Climate_Crisis/5nWW6ncN">EU Day for the Victims of the Global Climate Crisis</a> (<a href="/facts/European_Union/6GYcR8qM">European Union</a>, worldwide)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64">64</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Saint_Rosalia/Tgr6Bm7W">Festival of Santa Rosalia</a> (<a href="/facts/Palermo/gCwkjXFg">Palermo</a>, <a href="/facts/Sicily/E6fug03z">Sicily</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Hassanal_Bolkiah/AFpJlgUH">Sultan's Birthday</a> (<a href="/facts/Brunei/dyz9JUn8">Brunei Darussalam</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Statehood_Day_(Ukraine)/8FXw63oC">Statehood Day</a> (<a href="/facts/Ukraine/Qof0uqAj">Ukraine</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65">65</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>

Wikimedia Commons has media related to July 15.

<ul><li><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/15">"On This Day"</a>. BBC.</li>
<li></li>
<li><a href="https://archive.nytimes.com/learning.blogs.nytimes.com/on-this-day/july-15">The New York Times: On This Day</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.onthisday.com/events/july/15">"Historical Events on July 15"</a>. OnThisDay.com.</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Simo Tuomola, Simo: Abo – Suomen metropoli: 1600-luku Turussa, p. 46. (in Finnish) <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Kuninkaallinen Turun akatemia Archived 2020-11-10 at the Wayback Machine – Arppeanum (in Finnish) <a href="http://www.halvi.helsinki.fi/museo/yliopiston_historia/kuninkaallinen_turun_akatemia.htm" target="_blank">http://www.halvi.helsinki.fi/museo/yliopiston_historia/kuninkaallinen_turun_akatemia.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">"BARUCH LEIBOV - JewishEncyclopedia.com". <a href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/2580-baruch-leibov" target="_blank">http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/2580-baruch-leibov</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">"Everything you ever wanted to know about the Rosetta Stone". British Museum (www.britishmuseum.org). Retrieved 2023-12-31. <a href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/blog/everything-you-ever-wanted-know-about-rosetta-stone" target="_blank">https://www.britishmuseum.org/blog/everything-you-ever-wanted-know-about-rosetta-stone</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Brett Holman (22 August 2009). "The first air bomb: Venice, 15 July 1849". Airminded. Retrieved 21 August 2023. <a href="https://airminded.org/2009/08/22/the-first-air-bomb-venice-15-july-1849/" target="_blank">https://airminded.org/2009/08/22/the-first-air-bomb-venice-15-july-1849/</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">"The Holocaust and World War II: Key Dates". encyclopedia.ushmm.org. Retrieved 2022-01-17. <a href="https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/the-holocaust-and-world-war-ii-key-dates" target="_blank">https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/the-holocaust-and-world-war-ii-key-dates</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">"This day in history: Nintendo releases the NES". KABC Eyewitness News. July 15, 2016. Retrieved June 9, 2023. <a href="https://abc7.com/nintendo-video-games-history-super-mario/1427159/" target="_blank">https://abc7.com/nintendo-video-games-history-super-mario/1427159/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Tupolev Tu-154M EP-CPG Qazvin". aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 2022-07-13. <a href="https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20090715-0" target="_blank">https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20090715-0</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Bergin, Chris (July 15, 2009). "Endeavour launches on sixth attempt to start STS-127 – UCCAS status". NASAspaceflight.com. Retrieved July 18, 2009. <a href="http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2009/07/live-sts-127-preparing-for-launch-attempt-6-uccas-status/" target="_blank">http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2009/07/live-sts-127-preparing-for-launch-attempt-6-uccas-status/</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Star2.com. "Remember when Psy released 'Gangnam Style' & started a global craze?". The Star. Retrieved 2021-07-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) <a href="https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/entertainment/2018/07/25/flashback-psy-gangnam-style" target="_blank">https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/entertainment/2018/07/25/flashback-psy-gangnam-style</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Hansen, Suzy (8 May 2023). "Turkey's Earthquake Election". The New Yorker. Vol. 99, no. 12. p. 53. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 11 May 2023. <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/05/15/turkeys-earthquake-election" target="_blank">https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/05/15/turkeys-earthquake-election</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">World Cup 2018: France, Croatia set to rehash rivalry in grand finale <a href="https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/07/world-cup-2018-france-croatia-set-to-rehash-rivalry-in-grand-finale/" target="_blank">https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/07/world-cup-2018-france-croatia-set-to-rehash-rivalry-in-grand-finale/</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">Patterson, Daniel; Thompson, Roger; Bryson, J. Scott (2008). Early American Nature Writers: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 281–. ISBN 978-0-313-34680-4. <a href="978-0-313-34680-4" target="_blank">978-0-313-34680-4</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">Casaglia, Gherardo (2005). "Josef Josephi". L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia (in Italian). <a href="https://almanac-gherardo-casaglia.com/index.php?Testo=Josef_Josephi&Parola=Stringa" target="_blank">https://almanac-gherardo-casaglia.com/index.php?Testo=Josef_Josephi&Parola=Stringa</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">White, Robert William (1993), Provisional Irish Republicans: An Oral and Interpretive History, p 117, ISBN 0-313-28564-0 <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">"Dorothy Fields, Lyricist, Dies". The New York Times. March 29, 1974. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" target="_blank">/wiki/The_New_York_Times</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Adrian, Jack (12 June 1998). "Obituary: Hammond Innes". The Independent. Retrieved 10 June 2023. <a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-hammond-innes-1164546.html" target="_blank">https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-hammond-innes-1164546.html</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">"Prince Bira". Retrieved 15 July 2020. <a href="https://www.racing-reference.info/driver/Prince_Bira" target="_blank">https://www.racing-reference.info/driver/Prince_Bira</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">Gsta Ekspong (1997). Physics, 1991-1995. World Scientific. p. 99. ISBN 978-981-02-2678-7. <a href="978-981-02-2678-7" target="_blank">978-981-02-2678-7</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">Gwendolyn Stevens; Sheldon Gardner (1982). The Women of Psychology: Expansion and refinement. Schenkman Publishing Company. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-87073-445-8. <a href="978-0-87073-445-8" target="_blank">978-0-87073-445-8</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">Peter J. Conradi (23 April 2011). Iris Murdoch, A Writer at War: Letters and Diaries, 1939-1945. Oxford University Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-19-983194-4. <a href="978-0-19-983194-4" target="_blank">978-0-19-983194-4</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">Ramachandran, Naman (December 25, 2024). "M.T. Vasudevan Nair, Revered Indian Screenwriter and Literary Icon, Dies at 91". Variety. Retrieved December 26, 2024. <a href="https://variety.com/2024/film/obituaries-people-news/mt-vasudevan-nair-dead-indian-screenwriter-literary-icon-1236259882/" target="_blank">https://variety.com/2024/film/obituaries-people-news/mt-vasudevan-nair-dead-indian-screenwriter-literary-icon-1236259882/</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">"Bill Alsup". Retrieved 15 July 2020. <a href="https://www.racing-reference.info/driver/Bill_Alsup" target="_blank">https://www.racing-reference.info/driver/Bill_Alsup</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">"Chris Cord". Retrieved 15 July 2020. <a href="https://www.racing-reference.info/driver/Chris_Cord" target="_blank">https://www.racing-reference.info/driver/Chris_Cord</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:25">"Livia Gouverneur: 61 años de la siembra de "La Virgen Roja de los estudiantes" - MPPEFC". 2022-11-01. Archived from the original on 2022-11-01. Retrieved 2024-07-16. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221101152528/http://www.mppef.gob.ve/livia-gouverneur-61-anos-de-la-siembra-de-la-virgen-roja-de-los-estudiantes/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20221101152528/http://www.mppef.gob.ve/livia-gouverneur-61-anos-de-la-siembra-de-la-virgen-roja-de-los-estudiantes/</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:26">Painter, Kenneth (1993). "Nigel Williams (1944–1992)". Journal of Glass Studies. 35. Corning Museum of Glass: 158–159. JSTOR 24191075. <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Painter" target="_blank">/wiki/Kenneth_Painter</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:27">"John Cleland". Retrieved 15 July 2020. <a href="https://www.racing-reference.info/driver/John_Cleland" target="_blank">https://www.racing-reference.info/driver/John_Cleland</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:28">"Fellowship | Indian Academy of Sciences". www.ias.ac.in. Retrieved 2020-01-30. <a href="https://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Sen,_Prof._Ashoke" target="_blank">https://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Sen,_Prof._Ashoke</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:29">Tumin, Remy; Green, Penelope (January 20, 2025). "Cecile Richards, Former Planned Parenthood President, Dies at 67". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 20, 2025. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/20/us/cecile-richards-dead-planned-parenthood.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/20/us/cecile-richards-dead-planned-parenthood.html</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:30">"Biography - Buju Banton". Buju Banton. 7 May 2018. Archived from the original on 26 August 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2018. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180826063804/https://bujubanton.com/biography/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180826063804/https://bujubanton.com/biography/</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:31">"DJ Kennington". Retrieved 15 July 2020. <a href="https://www.racing-reference.info/driver/DJ_Kennington" target="_blank">https://www.racing-reference.info/driver/DJ_Kennington</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:32">"Lara Parrilla Biography". TVGuide.com. Archived from the original on September 7, 2015. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150907184006/http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/lana-parrilla/bio/161175/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20150907184006/http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/lana-parrilla/bio/161175/</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:33">"Ray Toro biography". ray-toro.com. 30 November 2008. Retrieved October 19, 2017. <a href="http://ray-toro.com/ray/bio/" target="_blank">http://ray-toro.com/ray/bio/</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:34">"Julien Canal". Retrieved 15 July 2020. <a href="https://www.racing-reference.info/driver/Julien_Canal" target="_blank">https://www.racing-reference.info/driver/Julien_Canal</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:35">"Salvatore Iovino". Retrieved 15 July 2020. <a href="https://www.racing-reference.info/driver/Salvatore_Iovino" target="_blank">https://www.racing-reference.info/driver/Salvatore_Iovino</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:36">"Yahya Abdul-Mateen II". Retrieved 29 June 2023. <a href="https://calbears.com/sports/track-and-field/roster/yahya-abdul-mateen/2228" target="_blank">https://calbears.com/sports/track-and-field/roster/yahya-abdul-mateen/2228</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:37">"Happy birthday, Olly Alexander!". Gay Times. 15 July 2016. Archived from the original on 16 September 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2018. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916204537/https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/culture/42717/happy-birthday-olly-alexander/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180916204537/https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/culture/42717/happy-birthday-olly-alexander/</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:38">"Damian Lillard NBA.com profile". NBA.com. Archived from the original on November 3, 2019. Retrieved November 3, 2019. <a href="https://stats.nba.com/player/203081/" target="_blank">https://stats.nba.com/player/203081/</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:39">"Tyler Young". Retrieved 15 July 2020. <a href="https://www.racing-reference.info/driver/Tyler_Young" target="_blank">https://www.racing-reference.info/driver/Tyler_Young</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:40">"WTAtennis.com Profile: Nuria Párrizas Díaz". Women's Tennis Association. Retrieved 17 October 2022. <a href="https://www.wtatennis.com/players/314359/nuria-parrizas-diaz" target="_blank">https://www.wtatennis.com/players/314359/nuria-parrizas-diaz</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:41">"Havard Nielsen" (in German). Kicker. Archived from the original on July 31, 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150731000957/http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/intligen/oesterreich/tipp3-bundesliga/2015-16/rb-salzburg-964/70926/spieler_nielsen-havard.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20150731000957/http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/intligen/oesterreich/tipp3-bundesliga/2015-16/rb-salzburg-964/70926/spieler_nielsen-havard.html</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:42">"Harrison Rhodes". Retrieved 15 July 2020. <a href="https://www.racing-reference.info/driver/Harrison_Rhodes" target="_blank">https://www.racing-reference.info/driver/Harrison_Rhodes</a> <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:43">"Masataka Yoshida". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 14 July 2023. <a href="https://www.mlb.com/player/masataka-yoshida-807799" target="_blank">https://www.mlb.com/player/masataka-yoshida-807799</a> <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:44">"Arsenal's Vivianne Miedema - Player Profile". 26 February 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2020. <a href="https://www.arsenalcore.com/arsenal-vivianne-miedema-player-profile/" target="_blank">https://www.arsenalcore.com/arsenal-vivianne-miedema-player-profile/</a> <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:45">"WTAtennis.com Profile: Jil Teichmann". Women's Tennis Association. Retrieved 16 October 2022. <a href="https://www.wtatennis.com/players/320926/jil-teichmann" target="_blank">https://www.wtatennis.com/players/320926/jil-teichmann</a> <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:46">"Noah Gragson". Retrieved 15 July 2020. <a href="https://www.racing-reference.info/driver/Noah_Gragson" target="_blank">https://www.racing-reference.info/driver/Noah_Gragson</a> <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:47">"2019 Africa U-23 Cup of Nations squads — List of Players: Egypt" (PDF). Confederation of African Football. 5 November 2019. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 11 June 2022. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191105140641/https://images.cafonline.com/image/upload/caf-prd/cngdkfcfnjo83bvphxma.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20191105140641/https://images.cafonline.com/image/upload/caf-prd/cngdkfcfnjo83bvphxma.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:48">"JuJu Watkins - 2024-25 Women's Basketball Roster". usctrojans.com. Retrieved July 14, 2024. <a href="https://usctrojans.com/sports/womens-basketball/roster/juju-watkins/16734" target="_blank">https://usctrojans.com/sports/womens-basketball/roster/juju-watkins/16734</a> <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:49">Iain Armitage - Young Sheldon Cast Member, retrieved 2021-07-22 <a href="https://www.cbs.com/shows/young-sheldon/cast/215673/" target="_blank">https://www.cbs.com/shows/young-sheldon/cast/215673/</a> <a href="#fnref:49" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:50">Carson, Thomas; Cerrito, Joann, eds. (2003). New Catholic encyclopedia, Volume 7. London: Gale. p. 748. ISBN 978-0-78764-004-0. <a href="978-0-78764-004-0" target="_blank">978-0-78764-004-0</a> <a href="#fnref:50" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:51">"Anton Chekhov | Biography, Plays, Short Stories, & Facts | Britannica". 25 January 2024. <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anton-Chekhov" target="_blank">https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anton-Chekhov</a> <a href="#fnref:51" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:52">Emil Fischer – Biographical. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1902/fischer/biographical/ <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1902/fischer/biographical/" target="_blank">https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1902/fischer/biographical/</a> <a href="#fnref:52" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:53">TIMES, Special Cable to THE NEW YORK (16 July 1929). "AUSTRIAN POET DIES AFTER SON'S SUICIDE; Hugo von Hoffmannsthal Succumbs to Heart Attack When Dressing for the Funeral". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2023. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1929/07/16/archives/austrian-poet-dies-after-sons-suicide-hugo-von-hoffmannsthal.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/1929/07/16/archives/austrian-poet-dies-after-sons-suicide-hugo-von-hoffmannsthal.html</a> <a href="#fnref:53" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:54">Fexner, Eleanor (1971). "Barry, Leonora Marie Kearney". In James, Edward T. (ed.). Notable American Women, 1607-1950: A Biographical Dictionary. Vol. 1. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-67462-734-5. <a href="978-0-67462-734-5" target="_blank">978-0-67462-734-5</a> <a href="#fnref:54" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:55">Khan, Janet A. (2005). Prophet's daughter : the life and legacy of Bahíyyih Khánum : outstanding heroine of the Baháʼí Faith. Wilmette, Ill.: Baháʼí Pub. p. 211. ISBN 1931847142. OCLC 57531427. <a href="1931847142" target="_blank">1931847142</a> <a href="#fnref:55" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:56">Cebula, James. "Cox, James Middleton". American National Biography Online. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 29 December 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2015. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121229104304/http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20121229104304/http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx</a> <a href="#fnref:56" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:57">Australian Dictionary of Biography - Palmer, Edward Vivian (Vance) (1885–1959) by Geoffrey Serle <a href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/palmer-edward-vivian-vance-7946" target="_blank">http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/palmer-edward-vivian-vance-7946</a> <a href="#fnref:57" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:58">Spetich, Joan; Cameron, Douglas E. (1987). "Nina Karlovna Bari". In Grinstein, Louise S.; Campbell, Paul J. (eds.). Women of Mathematics: a Biobibliographic Sourcebook. New York: Greenwood Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-3132-4849-8. <a href="978-0-3132-4849-8" target="_blank">978-0-3132-4849-8</a> <a href="#fnref:58" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:59">Whitman, Alden, ed. (1985). American Reformers: An H.W. Wilson Biographical Dictionary. New York: H.W. Wilson Company. p. 460. ISBN 9780824207052. <a href="9780824207052" target="_blank">9780824207052</a> <a href="#fnref:59" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:60">Pelisek, Christine (February 10, 2016). "Colleagues Recall Shock and Horror After Journalist Committed Suicide on Live TV: 'I Didn't See the Gun'". People. Retrieved November 17, 2018. <a href="https://people.com/crime/christine-chubbuck-colleagues-recall-shock-after-on-air-suicide/" target="_blank">https://people.com/crime/christine-chubbuck-colleagues-recall-shock-after-on-air-suicide/</a> <a href="#fnref:60" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:61">"Gustavo Díaz Ordaz" (in Spanish). Busca Biografias. Retrieved May 30, 2019. <a href="https://www.buscabiografias.com/biografia/verDetalle/6789/Gustavo%20Diaz%20Ordaz" target="_blank">https://www.buscabiografias.com/biografia/verDetalle/6789/Gustavo%20Diaz%20Ordaz</a> <a href="#fnref:61" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:62">"Takabayashi Yōichi kantoku shikyo". 47News. Archived from the original on 11 January 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2012. <a href="https://archive.today/20130111185020/http://www.47news.jp/localnews/kyoto/2012/07/post_20120716014619.html" target="_blank">https://archive.today/20130111185020/http://www.47news.jp/localnews/kyoto/2012/07/post_20120716014619.html</a> <a href="#fnref:62" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:63">Henley, Jon (15 July 2021). "Dutch crime reporter Peter de Vries dies after shooting". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 September 2021. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/15/dutch-reporter-peter-de-vries-dies-after-shooting" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/15/dutch-reporter-peter-de-vries-dies-after-shooting</a> <a href="#fnref:63" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:64">"The EU Day for the Victims of the Global Climate Crisis". European Commission. 2023-07-13. Retrieved 2024-07-16. <a href="https://climate.ec.europa.eu/news-your-voice/news/eu-day-victims-global-climate-crisis-2023-07-13_en" target="_blank">https://climate.ec.europa.eu/news-your-voice/news/eu-day-victims-global-climate-crisis-2023-07-13_en</a> <a href="#fnref:64" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:65">"Parliament changes dates of Christmas, Statehood Day, Day of Defenders". Ukrinform. 2023-07-14. Retrieved 2023-07-14. <a href="https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-society/3735767-parliament-changes-dates-of-three-holidays-christmas-statehood-day-day-of-defenders-of-ukraine.html" target="_blank">https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-society/3735767-parliament-changes-dates-of-three-holidays-christmas-statehood-day-day-of-defenders-of-ukraine.html</a> <a href="#fnref:65" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

July 15 open-in-new

July 15