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Life & Culture
Culture
Language
Language
General
Language families
Alphabets and writing systems
Specific languages
The English language
Abbreviation
Shortened form of a word or phrase
Abkhaz language
Northwest Caucasian language of Abkhazia
Accent (sociolinguistics)
Manner of pronunciation peculiar to a particular individual, location, or nation
Acronym (organization)
Political action committee
Adjective
Part of speech that describes a noun or pronoun
Adposition
Class of words used to express spatial or temporal relations or mark various semantic roles
Adverb
Class of words
Afar language
Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Ethiopia, Djibouti and Eritrea
Affirmation and negation
Terms of opposite meaning which may be applied to statements, verb phrases, clauses, or other utterances
African-American Vernacular English
Variety of American English
Afrikaans
West Germanic language spoken in South Africa
Afroasiatic languages
Large language family of Africa and West Asia
Akan language
Language of Akan lands in Ghana
Akkadian language
Extinct Semitic language
Albanian language
Indo-European language
Algic languages
Language family indigenous to North America, including the Algonquian languages
Alphabet
Set of letters used to write a given language
Altaic languages
Hypothetical language family
Alternation (linguistics)
Alternate phonetic realization of a morpheme
American English
Variety of English language
American Sign Language
Sign language used predominately in the United States
Amharic
Semitic language of Ethiopia
Ancient Greek
Forms of Greek used from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD
Anthropological linguistics
Study of language within historical and social contexts
Apostrophe
Punctuation or diacritical mark (')
Applied linguistics
Study of language-related problems
Arabic
Semitic language
Arabic alphabet
Writing system of the Arabic language
Arabic script
Writing system for Arabic and several other languages
Aragonese language
Romance language
Aramaic
Semitic language spread by the Neo-Assyrians
Armenian language
Indo-European language
Article (grammar)
Word used with a noun to indicate the type of reference being made by the noun
Artificial language
Language which emerge either in computer simulations between artificial agents, robot interactions or controlled psychological experiments with humans
ASCII art
Computer art form using text characters
Assamese language
Indo-Aryan language spoken in India
Assimilation (phonology)
Phonological process in linguistics
Australian English
Set of varieties of the English language
Austroasiatic languages
Language family concentrated in Southeast Asia
Austronesian languages
Large language family mostly of Southeast Asia and the Pacific
Avar language
Language belonging to the Avar–Andic group of the Northeast Caucasian language family
Avestan
East Iranian language used in Zoroastrian scripture
Aymara language
Language spoken by the Aymara people
Azerbaijani language
Turkic language of the Oghuz sub-branch
Babbling
Stage of language acquisition in infancy
Backslash
Typographical mark (\)
Bambara language
Western African language
Bantu languages
Large language family spoken in Sub-Saharan Africa
Bashkir language
Kipchak Turkic language
Basic English
English-based controlled language
Basque language
Language of the Basque people
Belarusian language
East Slavic language
Bengali language
Indo-Aryan language mainly spoken in Bangladesh and India
Berber languages
Family of languages and dialects indigenous to North Africa
Bhojpuri language
Indo-Aryan language native to India and Nepal
Bihari languages
Group of Eastern Indo-Aryan languages
Bilingual education
Education conducted in two languages
Bislama
Creole language used in Vanuatu
Bokmål
One of two official written standards for the Norwegian language
Bosnian language
Standard variety of Serbo-Croatian
Bracket
Punctuation mark
Brahmic scripts
Family of abugida writing systems
Braille
Tactile writing system for blind and visually impaired people
Breton language
Celtic language spoken in France
British English
Variety of English language
Bulgarian language
South Slavic language
Burmese language
Language spoken in Myanmar
Business English
Part of English for specific purposes
Cacography
Deliberate misspelling for comic effect
Canadian English
Set of varieties of the English language native to Canada
Cantonese
Variety of Yue Chinese
Catalan language
Romance language
Cebuano language
Austronesian language of the Philippines
Celtic languages
Language family
Chamorro language
Austronesian language spoken on the Mariana Islands
Chavacano
Spanish-based creole of the Philippines
Chechen language
Northeast Caucasian language spoken mostly in Chechnya and by Chechen people
Cherokee language
Iroquoian language spoken by the Cherokee people
Chewa language
Language of the Bantu language family
Chinese characters
Logographic writing system used in the Sinosphere region
Chinese language
National language of China
Chuvash language
Turkic language spoken in central Russia, primarily in the Chuvash Republic and adjacent areas
Classical Arabic
Form of the Arabic language used in Umayyad and Abbasid literary texts
Classical Chinese
Written form of Chinese until the early 20th century
Classical Latin
Standard form of the Latin language in the Roman Republic and Empire
Clause
Smallest grammatical unit that can express a complete proposition
Cluttering
Speech and communication disorder
Code-switching
Action of changing between two or more languages, or language varieties, in the context of a single conversation
Cognitive linguistics
Branch of linguistics
Colon (punctuation)
Punctuation mark consisting of two equally sized dots centered on the same vertical line
Comma
Punctuation mark (,)
Comparative linguistics
Branch of linguistics
Computational linguistics
Interdisciplinary field
Conjunction (grammar)
Part of speech that connects two words, sentences, phrases, or clauses
Consonant
Speech sound articulated by closing the vocal tract fully or partially
Constructed language
Consciously devised language
Contraction (grammar)
Shortening of words or phrases in speech and/or writing
Contrastive linguistics
Practice-oriented linguistic approach
Coptic language
Latest stage of the Egyptian language
Cornish language
Brythonic Celtic language spoken in Cornwall
Corsican language
Italo-Dalmatian language
Cree language
Language
Creole language
Stable natural languages that have developed from a pidgin
Crib talk
Pre-sleep monologue made by young children while in bed
Croatian language
South Slavic language
Cultural emphasis
Cuneiform
Logosyllabic script used to write several languages of the Ancient Near East
Cursive
Style of penmanship in which characters are written joined together in a flowing manner
Cyrillic alphabets
Related alphabets based on Cyrillic scripts
Cyrillic script
Writing system used for various Eurasian languages
Cyrillization
Transliteration or transcription of languages using other writing systems into Cyrillic script
Czech language
West Slavic language spoken in the Czech Republic
Danish language
North Germanic language
Dash
Punctuation mark ( — )
Declension
Inflection of nouns, pronouns, numerals, adjectives, and articles according to number, gender, and/or case
Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs
Syntactic construction that serves to express a comparison
Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs
Feature of grammar
Description
Text for clarification; one of four rhetorical modes
Determiner
Part of speech reflecting the reference of a noun
Devanagari
Script used to write Indian and Nepalese languages
Diacritic
Glyph added to a letter
Dialect
Geographically- or socially-determined language variety
Diglossia
Situation in which two dialects or languages are used in fairly strict compartmentalization by a single language community
Dissimilation
Linguistic phenomenon where sounds diverge
Dravidian languages
Language family mostly of southern India
Dutch language
West Germanic language
Dzongkha
Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Bhutan
Ə
Vowel sound
Early Modern English
Stage of development of English, starting late 15th century
Egyptian Arabic
Arabic variety spoken in Egypt
Egyptian hieroglyphs
Formal writing system used by ancient Egyptians
Egyptian language
Language spoken in ancient Egypt, branch of the Afro-Asiatic languages
Elamite language
Ancient language in Mesopotamia
Elision
Omission of sounds in words or phrases
Ellipsis
Series of dots that indicates omission
Emoji
Symbols used as emotional cues in text
Emoticon
Pictorial representation of a facial expression using punctuation marks, numbers and letters
Endangered language
Language that is at risk of falling out of use
English alphabet
Latin alphabet consisting of 26 letters, each having an uppercase and a lowercase form
English Braille
Tactile writing system for English
English clause syntax
Clauses in English grammar
English grammar
Grammar of the English language
English language
West Germanic language
English orthography
Norms for writing the English language
English personal pronouns
Closed lexical category of the English language
English phonology
Phonology of the English language
English punctuation
Puctuation of writing as used in the English language
English verbs
Verbs in the English language
Epenthesis
Phonological process involving the addition of one or more sounds to a word
Escagraph
Writing on food
Eskaleut languages
Language family
Esperanto
International auxiliary language
Estonian language
Uralic language
Etymology
Study of the history of words, their origins, and how their form and meaning have changed over time
Euphemism
Innocuous word or expression used in place of one that may be found offensive
Evolutionary linguistics
Sociobiological approaches to linguistics
Ewe language
Niger–Congo language spoken in southeastern Ghana and southern Togo, Benin, and South Western Nigeria
Exclamation mark
Punctuation mark (!) to show strong feelings
Extensive reading
Reading large amount of text in order to encounter and learn new vocabulary and language patern.
Faroese language
North Germanic language
Fijian language
Austronesian language of Fiji
Filipino language
National and official language of the Philippines
Final clause
Finnish language
Finnic language mostly spoken in Finland
First language
Language a person was raised speaking from birth
Fluency
Property of a person or of a system that delivers information quickly and with expertise
Forensic linguistics
Application of linguistics to forensics
Formal grammar
Structure of a formal language
Fortition
Consonantal change
Fraktur
Typeface
French language
Romance language
Frisian languages
Group of Germanic languages
Fula language
Senegambian language of West and Central Africa
Full Stop
Topics referred to by the same term
Function word
Words supplying mainly grammatical information, rather than content information
Functional linguistics
Approach to linguistics
Fuzhou dialect
Eastern Min Chinese language
Galician language
Western Ibero-Romance language
Gan Chinese
Primary branch of Chinese spoken in southern China
Generative grammar
Theory in linguistics
Georgian language
Official language of the country of Georgia
Georgian scripts
Three related alphabets used to write Georgian
German language
West Germanic language
Germanic languages
Subgroup of the Indo-European language family
Gilbertese language
Micronesian language
Gothic language
Extinct East Germanic language
Grammar
Structural rules of a language
Grammatical aspect
Grammatical category denoted by a verb
Grammatical case
Categorization of nouns, pronouns and adjectives in linguistics
Grammatical category
Analytical class within the grammar of a language
Grammatical conjugation
Creation of derived forms of a verb from its principal parts by inflection
Grammatical mood
Grammatical feature of sentences
Grammatical number
Use of grammar in a language to express number
Grammatical tense
Category that locates a situation in time
Graphemics
Scientific study of graphemes and scripts (writing systems)
Graphetics
Study of written graphs independent of language
Great Vowel Shift
Pronunciation change in English between 1350 and 1700
Greek alphabet
Script used to write the Greek language
Greek language
Indo-European language
Greenlandic language
Inuit language spoken in Greenland
Grimm's law
Sound shift in the Germanic languages
Guarani language
Tupian language spoken in Paraguay, Argentina, Brazil, and Bolivia
Guillemet
Double chevrons used as quotation marks
Gujarati language
Indo-Aryan language
Hachijō language
Japonic dialects of disputed classification
Haitian Creole
Language spoken in Haiti
Hakka Chinese
Primary branch of Chinese originating in Southern China
Hangul
Native alphabet of the Korean language
Hausa language
Chadic language spoken by the Hausa people
Hawaiian language
Polynesian language
Heart symbol
Symbol representing the heart
Hebrew alphabet
Alphabet of the Hebrew language
Hebrew language
Semitic language native to Israel
Herero language
Bantu language of Nambia and Botswana
High German languages
West Germanic language family
Hindi
Standardised variety of Hindustani used in India
Hindustani language
Indo-Aryan language spoken in India and Pakistan
Hiragana
Japanese syllabary
Hiri Motu
Austronesian language of Papua New Guinea
Historical linguistics
Study of language change over time
History of English
Aspect of history
Hittite language
An extinct Bronze Age Indo-European language
Hmong language
West Hmongic dialect continuum
Huizhou Chinese
Sinitic language
Human skull symbolism
Attachment of symbolic meaning to the human skull
Hungarian language
Uralic language
Hyphen
Punctuation mark used to join words
Hypocorism
Diminutive form of a name
Icelandic language
North Germanic language
Ideogram
Graphic symbol that represents an idea or concept
Idiom
Combination of words that has a figurative meaning
Ido (disambiguation)
Topics referred to by the same term
Igbo language
Niger–Congo language of the Igbo people, mainly spoken in Nigeria
Indian English
Variety of English language
Indo-Aryan languages
Branch of the Indo-Iranian languages
Indo-European languages
Large language family originating in Eurasia
Indonesian language
Official language of Indonesia
Indus script
Symbols of the Indus Valley Civilisation
Inflection
Process of word formation
Input hypothesis
Hypotheses of second-language acquisition
Intensifier
Linguistic modifier which enhances the word it modifies
Interjection
Word or expression used to express an emotion or sentiment
Interlanguage
Idiolect used by a second language learner
Interlingua
International auxiliary language created by IALA
Interlingue
International auxiliary language created 1922
International English
English language as a global means of communication in numerous dialects
International Phonetic Alphabet
System of phonetic notation
Internet linguistics
Domain of linguistics
Interpretive discussion
Interpunct
Typographical symbol, variously used as word delimiter, currency decimal delimiter, etc.
Interslavic
Pan-Slavic language
Inuktitut
Name of some Inuit languages spoken in Canada
Iñupiaq language
Group of dialects of the Inuit language, spoken in northern and northwestern Alaska
Iranian languages
Branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family
Irish language
Celtic language native to Ireland
Italian language
Romance language
Jamaican Patois
English-based creole language spoken in Jamaica
Japanese language
Language spoken in Japan
Japanese writing system
Overview of how the Japanese language is written in contemporary times, and the writing system's evolution
Japonic languages
Language family of Japan
Jargon
Specialist terminology
Javanese language
Austronesian language
Jeju language
Koreanic language
Kanji
Adopted logographic Chinese characters used in the modern Japanese writing system
Kannada
Dravidian language of South India
Kanuri language
Saharan language
Kartvelian languages
Language family
Kashmiri language
Indo-Aryan language spoken in Kashmir
Katakana
Japanese syllabary
Kazakh language
Turkic language spoken in Central Asia
Khmer language
Austroasiatic language of Cambodia
Khoisan languages
African language family
Kikuyu language
Bantu language in Kenya
Kinyarwanda
Bantu language official in Rwanda
Kirundi
Bantu language of Burundi and adjacent states
Klingon language
Language constructed for Star Trek
Komi language
Uralic language that is spoken on the Republic of Komi, Russia
Kongo language
Bantu language spoken in Angola and Kongo
Korean language
East Asian language
Koreanic languages
Language family
Kra–Dai languages
Language family of Mainland Southeast Asia
Kufic
Style of Arabic script
Kurdish language
Northwestern Iranian dialect continuum
Kwanyama
Language of Angola and Namibia
Kyrgyz language
Kipchak Turkic language of Central Asia
Language (magazine)
Magazine
Language acquisition
Process in which a first language is being acquired
Language change
Modification or development of a language
Language complexity
Concept in linguistics
Language death
Process in which a language eventually loses its last native speaker
Language development
Process starting early in human life
Language family
Group of languages related through descent from a common ancestor
Language game
Obfuscation of language for fun and secrecy
Language interpretation
Facilitating of oral or sign-language communication between users of different languages
Language isolate
Natural language with no demonstrable genealogical relationship with other languages
Language preservation
Efforts to save languages spoken by tiny minorities from extinction
Lao language
Kra–Dai language of the Lao people
LATIN
Cooperation scheme among 13 newspapers in Latin America
Latin alphabet
Alphabet used to write the Latin language
Latin grammar
Grammar of the Latin language
Latin script
Writing system used for most European languages
Latvian language
Baltic language, official in Latvia and the European Union
Leet
Internet slang/alphabet in which letters are replaced with visually similar characters
Lenition
Consonant sound change
Letter (alphabet)
Grapheme in an alphabetic system of writing
Levantine Arabic
Arabic variety spoken in the Levant
Lexicology
Linguistic discipline studying words
Lexis (linguistics)
Technical term for all words in a language collectively
Lhasa Tibetan
Tibeto-Burman language
Limburgish
Low Franconian language spoken in the provinces of Limburg
Linear A
Writing system of the Minoans
Linear B
Syllabic script used for writing Mycenaean Greek
Lingala
Bantu language spoken in western central Africa
Lingua franca
Language used to facilitate communication between groups without a common native language
Linguistic description
Work of objectively describing a particular language
Linguistic Typology
Academic journal
Linguistics
Study of human language
Literacy
Ability to read and write
Literary language
Language register used in literary writing
Lithuanian language
Language spoken in Lithuania
Lojban
Constructed human language based on predicate logic
Low German
West Germanic language
Luba-Katanga language
Bantu language
Luganda
Bantu language of Uganda
Luxembourgish
Germanic language spoken in Luxembourg
Macedonian language
Language spoken in North Macedonia
Madurese language
Language spoken in Indonesia
Maghrebi Arabic
Family of Arabic dialects spoken in the Maghreb
Malagasy language
Language spoken in Madagascar
Malay language
Austronesian language of Southeast Asia
Malayalam
Dravidian language
Maldivian language
Indo-Aryan national language of the Maldives
Maltese language
Semitic language spoken mostly in Malta
Mandarin Chinese
Major branch of Chinese languages
Manx language
Goidelic (Gaelic) Celtic language of the Isle of Man
Māori language
Polynesian language spoken by New Zealand Māori
Marathi language
Indo-Aryan language
Marshallese language
Micronesian language
Maya script
Writing system of the Maya civilization
Mayan languages
Language family spoken in Mesoamerica
Medieval Latin
Form of Latin used in the Middle Ages
Metafunction
Concept in functional linguistics
Metathesis (linguistics)
Switching the order of sounds, such as "nuclear" to "nucular" or "ask" to "aks"
Middle English
English language from the 12th to 15th centuries
Middle French
Historical variety of French used c. 1350–1600
Middle name
Additional given name
Min Chinese
Primary branch of Chinese spoken in southern China and Taiwan
Modern English
Stage of the English language from the contemporary period
Modern Hebrew
Standard form of the Hebrew language spoken today
Modern Standard Arabic
Standardized and literary variety of Arabic used in writing and in most formal speech
Moldovan language
Outdated name for the Moldavian language in Moldova
Mon–Burmese script
South-East Asian writing system
Mongolian language
Language spoken in Mongolia
Mongolian script
Writing system used for the Mongolian language
Mooré
Gur language spoken in Burkina Faso and neighbouring countries
Moroccan Arabic
Vernacular Arabic spoken in Morocco
Morpheme
Smallest unit of morphology, or grammar in a language
Morphology (linguistics)
The study of words, their formation, and their relationships in a word
Morphophonology
Study of the interaction between morphology and phonology
Morse code
Transmission of language with brief pulses
Multilingualism
Use of multiple languages
Nahuatl
Language of the Nahuan branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family
Name
Word or term used for identification by an external observer
Nastaliq
The predominant style in Persian calligraphy
Natural language
Language as naturally spoken by humans
Nauruan language
Austronesian language spoken in Nauru
Navajo language
Athabaskan language of Na-Dené stock spoken in the southwestern United States
Ndonga
Bantu language spoken in Namibia and parts of Angola
Nepali language
Official language of Nepal
Neurolinguistics
Neuroscience, and linguistics related studies
Nickname
Informal name of a person, place, or thing
Niger–Congo languages
Large language family of Sub-Saharan Africa
Nilo-Saharan languages
Large proposed language family of Africa
Nominalization
Grammatical formation of nouns from non-noun lexemes
North Caucasian languages
Proposed language family
North Germanic languages
Branch of Germanic languages spoken predominantly in the Nordic countries
Northern Ndebele language
Language belonging to the Nguni group of Bantu languages, one of the official languages of Zimbabwe
Northern Sámi
Most widely spoken of all Sami languages
Norwegian language
North Germanic language spoken in Norway
Noun
Part of speech
Nuosu language
The prestige language of the Yi people
Nynorsk
One of two official written standards for the Norwegian language
Occitan language
Romance language
Oceanic languages
Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
Odia language
Indic language
Official script
Ojibwe language
Central Algonquian language
Old Church Slavonic
Medieval Slavic literary language
Old English
Earliest historical form of English
Old French
Gallo-Romance dialect continuum spoken from the 9th century to the middle of the 14th century
Onomatopoeia
Word whose pronunciation imitates sound of its denotation
Origin of language
How, why, when, and where language might have emerged
Origin of speech
Why, how and when people might've started talking
Oromo language
Cushitic language native to the Horn of Africa
Orthography
Set of conventions for written language
Ossetian language
Eastern Iranian language of Ossetia, in the Caucasus
Ovambo language
Bantu language
Pali
Indo-European language native to the Indian subcontinent
Part of speech
Category of words based on shared grammatical properties in a clause
Pashto
Eastern Iranian language spoken in Afghanistan and Pakistan
Peninsular Arabic
Variety of the Arabic language spoken around the Arabian Peninsula
Pennsylvania Dutch language
Variety of West Central German
Persian alphabet
Alphabet that uses letters from the Arabic script
Persian language
Western Iranian language
Personal name
Set of names by which an individual is known
Philology
Study of language in oral and written historical sources
Phoenician alphabet
Oldest verified alphabet
phoneME
GPLd Sun Microsystems reference implementation of Java virtual machine and associated libraries of Java ME with source
Phonemic orthography
Orthography in which the graphemes correspond to the phonemes of the language
Phonetics
Study of how humans produce and perceive sounds
Phonological change
Phenomenon in phonology
Phonological development
Acquisition of language skills during childhood
Phonological history of English
Sound changes
Phonology
Branch of linguistics concerned with the systematic organization of sounds in languages
Phrase
Group of (one or more) words
Pictogram
Ideogram that conveys its meaning through its pictorial resemblance to a physical object
Pidgin
Simplified language
Pinyin
Romanization scheme for Standard Mandarin
Polish language
West Slavic language
Polynesian languages
Language family
Portuguese language
Romance language
Possessive
Word or grammatical construction used to indicate a relationship of possession in a broad sense
Pragmatics
Branch of linguistics and semiotics relating context to meaning
Profanity
Socially offensive form of language
Pronoun
Word that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase
Pronunciation
Way a word or a language is spoken
Proper noun
Grammatical concept
Prosody (linguistics)
Part of linguistics concerned with elements of speech that are not individual phonetic segments, but properties of syllables and larger units of speech
Proverb
Short traditional saying that expresses a perceived truth
Psycholinguistics
Study of relations between psychology and language
Punctuation
Marks to indicate pacing of written text
Punjabi language
Indo-Aryan language spoken in India and Pakistan
Quantitative linguistics
Subdiscipline of mathematical linguistics that investigates languages using statistical methods to formulate language laws
Quebec French
Dialect of French
Quechuan languages
Language family of the Andes in South America
Question mark
Typographic character indicating a question
Quotation mark
Punctuation mark (")
Reading
Taking in the meaning of letters or symbols
Received Pronunciation
Standard accent of Standard English in England
Reduplication
Linguistic phenomenon
Reference
Relation between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object
Regional Italian
Regional varieties of the Italian language, influenced by the languages of Italy
Register (sociolinguistics)
Form of language used for a particular purpose or in a particular communicative situation
Rhotic consonant
"R" consonants; a type of liquid consonant
Rhoticity in English
Pronunciation of 'r' across English dialects
Rhyming slang
Any system of slang in which a word is replaced with a phrase that rhymes with it.
Romance languages
Languages derived from Vulgar Latin
Romanian language
Eastern Romance language
Romanization
Transcription of a text in a non-Latin writing system to Latin characters
Romanization of Arabic
Representation of the Arabic language with the Latin script
Romanization of Chinese
Writing Chinese in Latin-based scripts
Romanization of Japanese
Application of the Latin script to write the Japanese language
Romansh language
Romance language spoken predominantly in the southeastern Swiss canton of Grisons (Graubünden)
Rongorongo
Undeciphered texts of Easter Island
Rosetta Stone
Egyptian stele with three versions of a 196 BC decree
Runes
Ancient Germanic alphabet
Russian language
East Slavic language
Ryukyuan languages
Indigenous languages of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan
Samoan language
Language of the Samoan Islands
Sandhi
Type of sound changes at morpheme or syllable boundaries
Sango language
Creole language spoken in the Central African Republic
Sanskrit
Ancient Indo-Aryan language of South Asia
Sardinian language
Romance language indigenous to the island of Sardinia
Scots language
West Germanic language
Scottish Gaelic
Goidelic Celtic language of Scotland
Seal script
Ancient style of Chinese characters
Second language
Language spoken in addition to one's first language
Second-language acquisition
Process, in which a second or additional language after the first language has been acquired
Semantic change
Evolution of a word's meaning
Semantics
Study of meaning in language
Semicolon
Punctuation mark
Semiotics
Study of signs and sign processes
Semitic languages
Branch of the Afroasiatic languages
Sentence (linguistics)
Textual unit consisting of one or more words that are grammatically linked, expressing a complete thought in non-functional linguistics
Sequential bilingualism
Bilingualism by learning a second language after a first
Serbian language
South Slavic language
Serbo-Croatian
South Slavic language
Serial comma
Comma before the conjunction in a list
Shanghainese
Variety of Wu Chinese spoken in Shanghai
Shona language
Bantu language
Shorthand
Abbreviated symbolic writing method
Sign (disambiguation)
Topics referred to by the same term
Sign language
Language that uses manual communication and body language to convey meaning
Silent Letter
1979 studio album by America
Simplified Chinese characters
Standardized set of Chinese characters
Sindhi language
Indo-Aryan language native to Sindh
Sinhala language
Indo-Aryan language native to Sri Lanka
Sino-Tibetan languages
Language family native to Asia
Slang
Vocabulary of an informal register
Slash (punctuation)
Oblique slanting line punctuation mark '/'
Slavic languages
Subfamily of Indo-European languages
Slovak language
West Slavic language
Slovene language
Slavic language, mainly spoken in Slovenia
Smiley
Stylized image of a smiling face
Sociolect
Language variety or register peculiar to a specific social class
Sociolinguistics
Study on aspects of language and society
Somali language
Cushitic language of the Horn of Africa
Sotho language
Southern Bantu language
Sound change
Process of language change that affects pronunciation or sound system structure
South African English
Set of English dialects native to South Africans
Southern Min
Branch of the Min Chinese languages
Southern Ndebele language
Language belonging to the Nguni group
Space (punctuation)
Blank area that separates words, sentences, syllables, or other written or printed glyphs; precise typographical rules differ according to language and context
Spanish language
Romance language
Speech
Human vocal communication using spoken language
Speech act
Utterance that serves a performative function
Speech processing
Study of speech signals and the processing methods of these signals
Speech repetition
Repeating something someone else said
Spelling
Set of conventions to represent words in writing
Spelling pronunciation
Pronunciation of a word influenced by its spelling
Spelling reform
Changing of the fundamental parts of orthography of a language
Spoken language
Language produced by articulate sounds
Standard French
Form of French used worldwide
Standard language
Language variety with substantially codified usage and often attributed to professional/public contexts
Sumerian language
Language of ancient Sumer and Babylon
Sundanese language
Language spoken in Indonesia
Surname
Hereditary portion of a personal name
Suzhou dialect
Dialect of Wu Chinese
Swahili language
Bantu language spoken mainly in East Africa
Swazi language
Language of the Swazi people
Swedish language
North Germanic language spoken in Sweden and Finland
Swiss German
Dialect of German spoken in Switzerland
Syllabary
Set of written symbols that represent the syllables or moras which make up spoken words.
Syllable
Unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds
Symbol
Something that represents an idea, process, or physical entity
Syntactic change
Concept in linguistics
SYNTAX
Compiler-generation system
Syriac language
Dialect of Middle Aramaic
Systemic functional linguistics
(SFL)English
Tagalog language
Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines
Tahitian language
Language of French Polynesia
Taiwanese Hokkien
Variety of Hokkien spoken in Taiwan
Tajik language
Variety of Persian of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan
Tamil language
Dravidian language
Tatar language
Turkic language spoken by Tatars
Telugu language
Dravidian language
Thai language
Language spoken in Thailand
Thai script
Theoretical linguistics
Branch of linguistics which inquires into the nature of language
Theta role
In generative grammar, a formal device for representing syntactic argument structure—the number and type of noun phrases—required syntactically by a particular verb
Tibetan script
Tibetan writing system
Tigrinya language
Semitic language spoken in Ethiopia and Eritrea
Tok Pisin
English creole spoken in Papua New Guinea
Toki Pona
Minimalist language created by Sonja Lang
Tolai language
Spoken by the Tolai people of Papua New Guinea
Tongan language
Polynesian language
Translation
Transfer of the meaning of something in one language into another
Transliteration
Conversion of a text from one script to another
Trans–New Guinea languages
Southeast Papuan languages
Transphonologization
Tsonga language
Bantu language of the Tsonga people of southern Africa
Tswana language
Bantu language
Tungusic languages
Language family spoken in Eastern Siberia and Manchuria
Tunisian Arabic
Maghrebi language spoken in Tunisia
Turkic languages
Language family
Turkish language
Turkic language of the Oghuz sub-branch
Turkmen language
Turkic language
Tuvaluan language
Polynesian language spoken in Tuvalu
Tuvan language
Turkic language in Russia
TWI
Topics referred to by the same term
Typographical error
Mistake made in the typing process (such as a spelling mistake) of printed material
Ukrainian language
Language member of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages
Uralic languages
Language family prevalent in northern Eurasia
Urdu
Indo-Aryan language
Uto-Aztecan languages
North American language family
Uyghur language
Turkic language spoken by the Uyghur people
Uzbek language
Turkic language of the Karluk sub-branch
Venda language
South African Official Language
Verb
Class of words
Vietnamese language
Official language of Vietnam
Visual language
System of communication using visual elements
Vocabulary
Body of words used in a particular language
Vocabulary development
Process of learning words
Volapük
Constructed international auxiliary language
Vowel
Sound in spoken language, articulated with an open vocal tract
Vulgar Latin
Non-standard Latin variety spoken by the people of Ancient Rome
Walloon language
Romance language common to an area of Belgium
Welsh language
Brittonic language spoken natively in Wales
West Frisian language
West Germanic language spoken in Friesland
Wolof language
Language of Senegal, the Gambia, and Mauritania
Word
Smallest linguistic element that will be uttered in isolation with semantic or pragmatic content
World language
Language that is spoken internationally and often learned as a second language
Writing
Persistent representation of language
Writing system
Any conventional method of visually representing verbal communication
Written language
Representation of a language through writing
Wu Chinese
Chinese varieties spoken at and south of the Yangtze delta
Xhosa language
Language of the Xhosa people
Xiang Chinese
Primary branch of Chinese spoken in southern China
Yiddish
High German-derived language used by Ashkenazi Jews
Yoruba language
Language spoken in West Africa
Yue Chinese
Primary branch of Chinese spoken in southern China
Zhuang languages
Various Tai languages used by the Zhuang people of southern China
Zulu language
Language of the Zulu people